WO2005028772A1 - Bloc pour mur de construction et mur construit a l'aide de ces blocs - Google Patents

Bloc pour mur de construction et mur construit a l'aide de ces blocs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005028772A1
WO2005028772A1 PCT/CN2004/000974 CN2004000974W WO2005028772A1 WO 2005028772 A1 WO2005028772 A1 WO 2005028772A1 CN 2004000974 W CN2004000974 W CN 2004000974W WO 2005028772 A1 WO2005028772 A1 WO 2005028772A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
wall
blocks
top surface
adjacent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2004/000974
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Rongxun Wang
Original Assignee
Rongxun Wang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rongxun Wang filed Critical Rongxun Wang
Priority to CA2539329A priority Critical patent/CA2539329C/fr
Priority to BRPI0414660-3A priority patent/BRPI0414660A/pt
Priority to US10/571,878 priority patent/US20070199273A1/en
Priority to EP04762110.7A priority patent/EP1669506B1/fr
Priority to AU2004274546A priority patent/AU2004274546B2/en
Publication of WO2005028772A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005028772A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/021—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of triangular shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0265—Building elements for making arcuate walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building block used to form a building wall, a building roof, and various walls formed in the construction field, and particularly to a block capable of forming a double-wall leak-proof and blocking effect.
  • Leakage parts are mainly: 1 water leaking in the masonry joints of the wall, 2 water leakage between the masonry and the frame column in the frame structure building, 3 water leakage between the masonry and the upper surface of the frame beam in the frame structure building, 4 In the construction of the frame structure, water leaks between the masonry and the lower surface of the frame beam.
  • the application number “00103227.5” is “dry brick type block”, and its claim 1 is “a block for stacking a wall with other same blocks, said block having a roof
  • the front, back, and end faces, the front and back are basically flat, the top surface is ridged, and the bottom is grooved so that the bottom surface is inlaid with the ridge, and the end is cut out to overlap.
  • the ridge 3 preferably has a front slope portion 6 and a rear slope portion 26.
  • the slope portions 6, 26 of the ridge 3 allow water that may enter the brick layer to be drained from the brick layer.”
  • the brick layer is a masonry horizontal joint.
  • the ridges with small protrusions of the block have a leak-proofing effect.
  • the ridges, grooves, and cuts of the block function as "inlay” and "lap” as indicated in claim 1, and do not solve the masonry vertical joints in various meteorological environments.
  • the limited leak-proof effect of the ridge with a small protruding size of this block on the transverse joints of the block is the same as that of the assembled block with the application number 86106157 and the hollow block with the application number 03218670.3. Not much value.
  • Underground building walls are leak-proof.
  • waterproof materials such as waterstops and waterproof pastes are used to seal and prevent leaks in the construction joints and deformation joints of the walls, but the waterstops and waterproof pastes are easy to age.
  • a block used to form a wall in which several similar blocks are continuously displaced in a stack, and the block is a longitudinal profile, which includes: a top surface, a bottom surface, and two end surfaces;
  • the cross section of the block is generally downward-flared;
  • the top surface has a central ridge, and the sides are low to form left and right support slopes;
  • the top and bottom surfaces are formed like this, when the masonry
  • the top surface of the bottom block cooperates with the bottom surface of the block, and the left and right supporting slopes become blocking structures and lock adjacent blocks above and below each other.
  • the vertical profiles referred to are not purely geometrically identical in cross section, but have the same main characteristics of the left and right support slopes, such as the notch on the two end faces or holes in the block, here Still grouped into longitudinal profiles with the same cross section.
  • the cross section referred to is generally a downward-facing flared mouth, which means that the size of the protrusion with the upper, lower, and small, middle ridge is sufficient to cut off the space-time trajectory, and the masonry matching horn notch is also relatively deep.
  • the shoulder platform or the shoulder platform still belongs to the bell-shaped range whose cross section is generally downward.
  • the spatiotemporal trajectory can be calculated according to a given standard of leak-proof or permeable soil, and the protrusion size of the central ridge can be determined according to the calculated spatiotemporal trajectory. Standards for leak-proof or permeable soil retention can be formulated by localities and countries based on weather, experience, and requirements.
  • the middle ridge is not a purely geometric middle.
  • the ridges that can form the left and right supporting slopes are all the central ridges referred to in the present invention, for example, a shoulder with one side or a block with different supporting slopes on both sides.
  • the ridge here is also the middle ridge.
  • the left and right supporting slopes become the blocking structure, and it is emphasized that it becomes a blocking structure that is leakproof or permeable to soil.
  • the coordination refers to the shape and size of the block, which can be formed by the masonry methods such as brickwork, sticking, dry hanging, etc., for example, between adjacent blocks, or between blocks and auxiliary blocks. It can cooperate with each other or between the block and the related components in the wall to form a wall.
  • Bonding refers to the use of cement mortar, mixed mortar, chemical cement, adhesives and other bonding materials for masonry; dry masonry and dry hanging, no bonding material is used.
  • the block has such a shape and size that, when three similar blocks are stacked on top of each other, the vertical distance between the ridge top of the bottom block and the foot of the top block is less than the total of the block. One third of the height.
  • the ridge of the bottom block is higher than the foot of the top block.
  • the wall formed by blocks of this shape and size is most effective in preventing leakage or retaining soil through water.
  • the bottom part mentioned here refers to the lowest point on each side of the block bounded by the middle ridge.
  • the bottom part refers to the part closest to the wall surface formed by the block.
  • a radiation protection plate is added on the top surface, and the radiation protection plate protrudes from the end surface, and the block has the shape and size: when three similar blocks are stacked on top of each other, the ridge of the bottom block is higher than The bottom foot of the top block.
  • This type of block is used to form a wall, and the radiation protection plates of adjacent blocks overlap each other in the longitudinal direction, which has the function of preventing radiation.
  • a block assembly for forming a wall including a block and an auxiliary block, the block is a longitudinal profile, including a top surface, a bottom surface, and two end surfaces; a cross section of the block is generally downward facing Bell-shaped; the top surface has a central ridge and the sides are low to form left and right support slopes; the top and bottom surfaces are formed in such a way that when the block is stacked with a similar block below to form a wall
  • the top surface of the lower block cooperates with the bottom surface of the block, and the left and right supporting slopes become blocking structures and lock up and down adjacent blocks to each other; the auxiliary blocks are in the masonry wall Cooperate with said blocks from time to time.
  • the auxiliary block is composed of three blocks, which are placed at the intersection of the wall and are longitudinally matched with the block. They are stacked in dislocation and are generally applicable to two walls or three blocks. Intersection of walls, or four walls.
  • the auxiliary block is composed of two blocks, which are placed at the intersection of the wall and are longitudinally matched with the block. They are stacked in dislocation and are generally built on two or three walls. Intersection.
  • a wall formed by a block in which a plurality of similar blocks are continuously displaced in a stack, and the block is a longitudinal profile, including a top surface, a bottom surface, and two end surfaces;
  • the cross section is generally downward-flared;
  • the top surface has a central ridge, and the sides are low, forming left and right support slopes;
  • the top and bottom surfaces are formed in this way, when the block When stacked with similar blocks below to form a wall, the top surface of the bottom block cooperates with the bottom surface of the block, and the left and right supporting slopes become blocking structures and lock the adjacent blocks above and below each other;
  • a masonry joint is formed between the adjacent blocks, the top surface and the bottom surface cooperate with the masonry to form a horizontal joint, the end faces meet to form a vertical joint, and the vertical joints adjacent to each other are offset from each other.
  • the misalignment arrangement locks the blocks together to form a solid wall, and prevents the vertical seams between the blocks from leaking or retaining the soil through
  • a side surface of the column is provided with an overhanging block for sealing joint, and the overhanging block and the block can cooperate to prevent water leakage at the joint between the block and the column and make the masonry
  • the block and column are tightly coupled, and the chain is stable.
  • a bump is provided on an upper surface of the beam, and a groove is provided on a lower surface of the beam; a lower bottom surface of the bump and an upper portion of the beam are provided.
  • the surface is hermetically bonded, and the convex block extends to the column at two adjacent beam-column joints and is hermetically bonded to the column; when the block is joined with the upper surface of the beam, the convex The block cooperates with a horn notch on the bottom surface of the block: the groove extends to a post at two adjacent beam-column nodes; when the block is joined to the lower surface of the beam, The groove is matched with the top surface of the block.
  • the arrangement of bumps can prevent water leakage at the joint between the block and the upper surface of the beam.
  • the four-slot arrangement can prevent water leakage at the joint between the block and the lower surface of the beam.
  • the arrangement of the bumps and grooves also makes the block and the beam tight. Combination and chain stability.
  • the masonry joint of the wall When used for the purpose of permeable soil retention, the masonry joint of the wall is provided with a water-permeable channel penetrating through both sides of the wall, and water can pass from one side of the wall to the other side through the water-permeable channel;
  • the pervious channel When masonry vertical joints are dry-built, the pervious channel is larger and the permeation effect is better.
  • a barrier layer is provided on one side of the wall.
  • the barrier layer is composed of a plurality of barrier fabrics. Adjacent barrier fabrics of the same layer are connected end to end, and the barrier fabrics of adjacent upper and lower layers are overlapped.
  • the lower barrier fabric is sandwiched between the adjacent upper barrier fabric and the wall layer; the joint between the upper barrier fabric and the adjacent lower barrier fabric are misaligned with each other.
  • An air layer is formed between the barrier layer and the wall; the barrier layer and the air layer are beneficial to preventing leakage or retaining soil through water.
  • the inclined wall body can be formed by continuously displacing the long plate-shaped blocks; the end faces of the two long plate-shaped blocks are connected to form a vertical seam, and the vertical seams adjacent to each other are displaced from each other. : The end of the long plate-shaped block is added to the support.
  • the invention starts by proposing and analyzing the fourth-dimensional space-time trajectory to solve the problems of leakage prevention and water retention.
  • the theoretical model of leakage prevention is: The water on the wall surface flows into the vertical joint from the masonry horizontal joint, or directly into the vertical joint, and then flows down and inside the wall under the action of its own gravity and certain wind pressure. It usually follows the rule from high to low; at this time, the top of the vertical seam on the wall surface, that is, the foot of the block at the top of the vertical seam, is usually the highest point of the leaking space-time trajectory line: the block is set to block the support slope, The left and right supporting slopes form a central ridge. When the water leakage along its spatio-temporal trajectory approaches the ridge of the block at the bottom of the vertical seam of the wall, the top of the central ridge can cut off the leaking spatio-temporal trajectory. Can reach. Obviously, the larger the ridge protrusion size of the block, the better the leakage prevention effect.
  • the spatio-temporal trajectory of mud water follows the rule of high to low.
  • the theoretical model of permeable soil retention is: set up the supporting slope, the left and right supporting slopes form a central ridge, and the top of the ridge can block the spatio-temporal trajectory of muddy water, so that the water entering the horizontal and vertical joints of the wall can only overflow the ridge of the block Top, water The soil is blocked by the supporting slope; the larger the protrusion size of the central ridge, the greater the blocking effect, and the better the effect of permeable soil retention.
  • the block that conforms to such a theoretical model is a longitudinal profile.
  • the cross section of the block is generally downward-flared; the top surface of the block has a central ridge, and the sides are low.
  • the left and right supporting slopes are formed; the top and bottom surfaces of the block are formed in such a way that when the block is stacked with similar blocks below to form a wall, the top surface of the block below and the bottom surface of the block In cooperation, the left and right supporting slopes become a blocking structure and lock the adjacent blocks above and below each other, and the protrusion size of the middle ridge can cut the space-time trajectory.
  • the spatiotemporal trajectory can be determined, and the size of the protrusion of the ridge that cuts the spatiotemporal trajectory can be determined.
  • the ideal leak-proof or permeable soil retention effect is: The block has such a shape and size that when three similar blocks are stacked on top of each other, the ridge of the bottom block is higher than the foot of the top block unit.
  • the width of the block is 20cm
  • Tx 10 ⁇ Vx in the middle of the width of the block
  • the ridge of the block cuts the leaking spatiotemporal trajectory line to prevent leakage
  • Tx> Ty must be used
  • the horizontal velocity Vx of the raindrops is equal to the wind speed.
  • the blocks are simple and the specifications are small, which is convenient for production, handling and palletizing;
  • the blocks can be of various sizes, either long or short, thick or thin, or large or small;
  • Blocks can be produced using various building materials, such as: silt, clay, concrete, shale, ceramsite, plastic, resin, metal, composite materials and other building materials, coal ash, coal slag, coal gangue, slag, slag, waste ore , Straw, trash Waste and other waste materials can be collected nearby to save costs, turn waste into treasure, and be environmentally friendly;
  • building materials such as: silt, clay, concrete, shale, ceramsite, plastic, resin, metal, composite materials and other building materials, coal ash, coal slag, coal gangue, slag, slag, waste ore , Straw, trash Waste and other waste materials can be collected nearby to save costs, turn waste into treasure, and be environmentally friendly;
  • Suitable for various masonry methods such as sticking, dry-laying and dry-hanging;
  • the formed wall has a wide range of applications, such as for building construction, tunnels, subways, seawalls, mines, underground buildings, etc., for retaining walls, embankments, embankments, river coasts, barges, earth-rock dams, Slope protection, sand blocking dams, underground collection reservoirs, sewage treatment buildings, field cofferdams, etc. are used to build radiation-proof walls, used to form leak-proof slope roofs, used to build bridge deck structure layers, and masonry ground. And other buildings and structures;
  • the formed wall body is seismic and anti-tilt, good in integrity and stability.
  • FIG. 1 is a structure diagram of a thousand brick type building block with an application number of 00103227.5 in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a block used to form a dry wall in the prior art with the application number 96194387.4;
  • FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 are four types of block diagrams of the block according to the present invention;
  • Figures 7, 8, and 9 are structural diagrams of three types of blocks in which the central ridge has a platform shape
  • Fig. 10, Fig. 11, and Fig. 12 are structural diagrams of three kinds of blocks in which the central ridge is curved;
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a slanted lateral side
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram of the uneven height of the bottom of the platform on both sides;
  • 15 is a block diagram of a block provided with a chamfer
  • FIG. 16 is a masonry matching diagram of three blocks arranged in a toothed staircase in a stepped manner
  • Fig. 17 is a masonry matching diagram of three supporting slopes and blocks arranged in a toothed step on the bottom surface:
  • FIG. 18 is a block structure diagram of a curved arc-shaped stepped support slope
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a curved arc-shaped stepped distribution of the supporting slope and the bottom surface
  • 20 to 23 are structural diagrams of four types of blocks distributed in a corrugated shape
  • FIG. 26 is a structural diagram of a corrugated block with longitudinal small grooves on a slope
  • Figures 27 and 28 are structural diagrams of two types of blocks with rough stripes
  • FIG. 29 is a block diagram of a block provided with rough dots
  • 30 and 31 are structural diagrams of two types of blocks provided with diversion ridges
  • Figures 32 and 33 are structural diagrams of two types of blocks provided with radiation-proof plates on the top surface;
  • Figure 34 ⁇ Figure 38 are the structural diagrams of five types of blocks with holes:
  • 39 ⁇ 42 are structural diagrams of four types of blocks provided with openings
  • Figure 43 is a masonry structure diagram of a block with a sub shoulder
  • Figure 44 and Figure 45 are structural diagrams of two types of blocks with insulation layers
  • Figure 46 is a block diagram of a block with a decorative surface
  • FIG. 47 is a block diagram of a block provided with sound absorption holes and sound absorption openings
  • FIG. 48 is a block diagram of a longitudinal arc-shaped block
  • Figure 49 is a block diagram of a spherical crown-shaped block
  • Figure 50 ⁇ Figure 55 are the masonry cooperation relationship between the block and the six auxiliary blocks;
  • Figure 56 and Figure 57 are schematic diagrams of the structure of two cross-shaped auxiliary blocks
  • Figure 58 and Figure 59 are two L-shaped auxiliary block structure diagrams
  • Figure 60 and Figure 61 are structural diagrams of two T-shaped auxiliary blocks
  • Figures 62 and 63 are schematic diagrams of two structures constructed by using the blocks of the present invention.
  • 64 is a sectional view of the wall shown in FIG. 62;
  • Figure 65 is a sectional view of a wall provided with beams
  • 66 is a schematic diagram of a lateral force of a wall formed by a block of the present invention.
  • Fig. 67 is a sectional view of a wall with the block shown in Fig. 5;
  • Figure 68 and Figure 69 are cross-sectional views of two types of walls with connectors
  • Figure 70 is a block structure diagram formed by the combination of a thin plate and a shoulder
  • Figure 71 and Figure 72 are structural diagrams of two formwork blocks
  • FIG. 73 is a structural diagram of a vertical green wall
  • Figures 74 and 75 are schematic cross-sectional views of two types of radiation protection walls
  • FIG. 76 is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-crack wall
  • Figure 77 is a partially enlarged view of the mortar masonry joint of Figure 76;
  • 78 is a schematic structural diagram of a wall formed by a long plate-shaped block and a column provided with an overhanging block;
  • Figure 79 is a schematic diagram of a tunnel wall structure
  • FIG. 80 is a schematic structural diagram of a barrier layer
  • FIG. 81 is a structural diagram of a wall with an air layer
  • Figures 82 ⁇ 90 are structural diagrams of nine types of retaining walls
  • Figure 91 and Figure 92 are schematic diagrams of two long plate-shaped blocks
  • FIG. 93 is a schematic diagram of a block structure used in conjunction with the block shown in FIG. 92; FIG.
  • Figure 94 is a longitudinal sectional view of the block shown in Figure 93;
  • FIG. 95 is a schematic structural diagram of an inclined wall
  • FIG. 96 is a schematic diagram of a roof structure formed by the blocks of the present invention.
  • FIG. 97 is a schematic view of a ridge structure formed by a block according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 98 is a schematic structural diagram of a bridge deck structural layer formed by a block of the present invention.
  • FIG. 99 is a schematic diagram of the ground structure formed by the blocks of the present invention.
  • Figure 100 is a billet mold
  • FIG. 101 is a schematic diagram of a coding wheel on the printer in FIG. 100.
  • Figure 102 and Figure 103 are two box molds
  • Figure 4 is a basic structural view of the block according to the present invention, the block is a longitudinal profile, the cross section of which is generally downward-flared, including a top surface 1, a bottom surface 2 and two end surfaces 3;
  • the top surface has a middle ridge 4 and the sides are low to form a left support slope 5 and a right support slope 5.
  • the top of the middle ridge is pointed and the top of the bottom is also pointed.
  • the block shown in FIG. 3 is a horizontal plane on both sides of the bottom surface, and the foot portion 6 is at the top surface and the bottom surface meet;
  • FIG. 4 is a block with a lateral connection surface 7, and the foot portion is in the lateral direction. Where the connecting surface meets the bottom surface.
  • the block shown in FIG. 5 is based on FIG. 4 and has a shoulder 8 on one side.
  • the shoulder includes an upper platform 9, a bottom surface 10, and a lateral side 11.
  • the ridge and the supporting slope on the other side form the top surface, and the protrusions formed by the slopes 12 on both sides of the middle ridge cooperate with the horn notch on the bottom surface of the same block during masonry. Where it meets, the other foot meets the bottom surface on the lateral side.
  • the block shown in Fig. 6 is based on Fig. 4 with shoulders 8 on both sides; it can also be said that it is based on Fig.
  • This type of block is a common block that forms a vertical wall.
  • both shoulders can also be different. Shoulders are good for carrying.
  • the blocks shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8, and Fig. 9 have a platform shape at the top of the middle ridge and a platform shape at the top of the bottom.
  • the block shown in Fig. 10, Fig. 11, and Fig. 12 has a curved arc at the top of the middle ridge and a curved arc at the top of the bottom.
  • the middle ridge is a sharp-angled block, whose sharp corners are easy to break; the top of the middle ridge is a platform, or curved or other gentle-shaped block, the middle ridge is not easy to be damaged, is resistant to handling, and is good for carrying.
  • the sharp-footed foot is easily damaged.
  • the foot of the block shown in FIG. 4 is improved to a flat surface, and the lowest part of the top surface of the masonry is correspondingly changed to a flat surface to form the masonry shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. Piece.
  • the foot part refers to the lowest point on each side of the block bounded by the middle ridge, and the foot part on one side of the block is the lowest part of that side; when the lowest part is a face, the foot part is on the lowest face Intersection with the top surface or lateral connection surface or lateral side.
  • the block shown in FIG. 13 is based on FIG. 6, and the lateral sides are inclined planes parallel to each other and not perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the block shown in Fig. 14 is based on Fig. 9 and the lateral sides of the shoulders on both sides are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the horizontal plane, but the feet on both sides are not on the same plane. Walls formed by blocks with inconsistent footings on both sides can have different functions on both sides. Variations in the horizontal connection surface, or the lateral sides, give the wall a variety of aesthetic effects.
  • the block shown in FIG. 15 is provided with a vertical chamfer 13 at the connection between the upper table, the bottom of the table and the lateral side, and a vertical chamfer 13 at the connection of the end surface and the lateral side; the upper and bottom surfaces are inclined
  • the general situation of tilt is that the lower it is closer to the lateral side, the better it is for drainage.
  • the wall formed by longitudinally chamfered blocks is conducive to the batching of ash when painting.
  • the decorative block with chamfering has a decorative effect. Due to block errors and masonry errors, the lateral sides of adjacent blocks in the wall may not be on the same plane, affecting aesthetics, and chamfers can create a visual illusion at the masonry joints, thereby reducing the feeling of not being on the same plane.
  • the supporting slope of the masonry shown in FIG. 16 is arranged in a toothed step.
  • the supporting slope and bottom surface of the blocks in the masonry combination diagram shown in Fig. 17 are arranged in a toothed step.
  • the supporting slope of the block shown in Fig. 18 is curved and stepped.
  • the block shown in FIG. 19 is based on the block shown in FIG. 18, and the supporting slope and the bottom surface are arranged in a curved arc step.
  • At least one of the supporting slope or bottom surface of the block is arranged stepwise, for example, the supporting slope is stepwise arranged: or the bottom surface is arranged stepwise; or the supporting slope and the bottom surface are arranged stepwise at the same time; the upper slope of the top surface is particularly stepped arrangement.
  • the step shape facilitates the bearing of the supporting slope.
  • Figures 20 to 26 show corrugated blocks.
  • the block shown in Fig. 20 has a toothed corrugated support slope.
  • the block shown in Figure 21 has a toothed corrugated upper slope.
  • the block shown in Fig. 22 is based on Fig. 20, and the bottom surface is also toothed and corrugated.
  • the block shown in Fig. 23 is based on Fig. 21, and the horn recess on the bottom surface is also toothed and corrugated.
  • the block shown in Figure 24 has a curved corrugated slope.
  • the block shown in Fig. 25 is based on Fig. 24, and the horn recess on the bottom surface is also curved and corrugated.
  • the upper slope of the block shown in Fig. 26 is a longitudinal small groove-type corrugated shape.
  • At least one of the supporting slope or horn notch of the block is corrugated, for example, the supporting slope is corrugated; or the horn notch is corrugated; or the supporting slope and the horn notch are corrugated at the same time; the upper slope is particularly corrugated.
  • the corrugated shape is conducive to hanging the mortar during the masonry, or to form an air gap to facilitate drainage.
  • the blocks shown in Figs. 27 and 28 are provided with rough crack resistance.
  • the block shown in Figure 27 is on the upper surface and the bottom of the platform.
  • the surface is provided with horizontal rough stripes.
  • the block shown in FIG. 28 is based on FIG. 27, and the horizontal rough stripes do not reach the lateral side.
  • the block shown in FIG. 29 is provided with rough anti-crack spots on the upper and lower surfaces.
  • At least one of the top or bottom surface of the block is rough.
  • the top and bottom surfaces are rough at the same time. It is particularly emphasized that the upper and bottom surfaces are rough.
  • the purpose of setting the rough shape is to make the masonry surface rough, increase the resistance of the vertical displacement of the blocks adjacent to the upper and lower layers, and improve the crack resistance of the wall.
  • Roughness is also conducive to hanging pulp.
  • the surface change of the block is not limited to corrugated, rough and other forms, but also other shapes.
  • the supporting slope of the block cannot be set in a shape that will cause water accumulation.
  • the slope is flat and the horn notch is a corrugated block. In the case of dry construction, the slope and the horn notch have less adhesion and a large gap, which is conducive to drainage.
  • the block shown in FIG. 30 is provided with a vertical guide rib 14 at the end of the slope, which has the effect of blocking water from flowing to the end face.
  • the block shown in FIG. 31 is provided with a plurality of vertical guiding ribs 14 on the slope, which has better water blocking and leakage prevention effects.
  • the blocks shown in Fig. 32 and Fig. 33 are radiation-proof blocks, and the radiation-proof plate 15 protrudes from the end surface, and is used for building a radiation-proof wall.
  • the top surface of the block shown in Fig. 32 is provided with a radiation prevention plate.
  • a side support slope of the block shown in Fig. 33 is provided with a radiation prevention plate.
  • Figure 34 shows the block shown with a single row of large vertical holes on both sides.
  • the block shown in Figure 35 has two rows of vertical holes on one side.
  • the block shown in Figure 36 has small vertical holes on one side.
  • the block shown in Fig. 37 is provided with large longitudinal holes on both sides.
  • the block shown in Fig. 38 is provided with several small longitudinal holes.
  • the number and shape of the holes can be various, provided on one or both sides of the block, one or more, through holes or blind holes. Holes can be used to reduce weight, or be filled with thermal insulation or poured concrete. Through holes can also be used for pipeline access. Vertical holes can be used to insert steel bars and members to form a concrete core wall.
  • Fig. 39, Fig. 40, Fig. 41 and Fig. 42 are provided with various openings 17.
  • the opening on one end face is a concave opening, and the opening on the other end is a convex convex mouth, similar to a tongue and groove.
  • the vertical openings on the end face can extend the horizontal path of water leakage and help to prevent leakage; the end face openings of adjacent blocks have a chain effect when they cooperate with each other.
  • the block shown in FIG. 40 has a longitudinal opening on the upper surface.
  • the block shown in Fig. 41 is provided with a cutout on the upper table and both end faces.
  • the block shown in Fig. 42 has a lateral opening at one end that penetrates the shoulder on one side and the horn notch on the bottom.
  • the number and shape of the openings are not limited to the type shown.
  • the opening can be used for laying pipelines; it can also be used to install connectors and grids to make the masonry and frame structure firmly connected.
  • the block in the masonry diagram shown in FIG. 43 is based on FIG. 6.
  • the lateral side of the shoulder is further provided with an auxiliary shoulder 1 S.
  • the upper surface of the auxiliary shoulder is lower than the upper surface of the shoulder.
  • the bottom surface of the platform is in the same plane as the bottom surface of the shoulder platform.
  • the block shoulder and sub-shoulder form a decorative effect at the masonry joint.
  • the bottom surface of the sub shoulder can also be lower than the bottom surface of the shoulder.
  • the sub-shoulders can be set on one or both sides, multiple can be set, and different heights, widths, widths, lengths can be set. Holes and openings can also be set on the sub shoulder.
  • the blocks shown in Fig. 44 and Fig. 45 are provided with a thermal insulation layer 19.
  • the block shown in Figure 44 has a single-sided shoulder with insulation.
  • the shoulder on one side of the block is connected to the core insulation layer by a dovetail groove, and the other side of the core insulation layer is generally connected to the decorative surface or the protective surface.
  • the heat-insulating layer may be various kinds of boards having a heat-insulating effect, such as polystyrene boards.
  • the thermal insulation layer and the decorative surface or protective surface connected to the thermal insulation layer can also be regarded as the auxiliary shoulder.
  • the block shown in Fig. 46 has a decorative surface 20 on one lateral side.
  • the decorative surface is generally provided on the lateral connecting surface and lateral sides of the block forming the surface of the wall, and can be of various colors and various patterns.
  • Figure 47 shows a block with a sound-absorbing structure, with sound-absorbing holes 21 and sound-absorbing openings 22 on one side. To the side. The inner wall of the sound absorption hole should try to make the sound reflect and be consumed as many times as possible. The sound absorption port should let the sound enter the sound absorption hole as much as possible. The number of sound absorption holes and sound absorption holes can be set as required.
  • the longitudinal arc-shaped block shown in FIG. 48 has a lateral arc formed by a vertical arc around a vertical central axis on one side of the block.
  • the entire block is longitudinally curved from one end surface to the other end.
  • Figure 49 shows a spherical crown-shaped block. Based on Figure 48, it has a vertical arc from the bottom to the top, and a vertical arc on the lateral side. It has a spherical crown as a whole, and is generally used for masonry domes. , Spherical, hyperbolic wall.
  • All the blocks shown in Figures 3 to 49 are longitudinal profiles with top, bottom, and two end faces; the cross-section is generally downward-flared; the top surface has a central ridge, and the sides are low
  • the left and right supporting slopes are formed; the top and bottom surfaces are formed in such a way that when the block is stacked with a similar block below to form a wall, the top surface of the bottom block is matched with the bottom surface of the block
  • the left and right support slopes become a blocking structure and lock the adjacent blocks above and below each other; the protruding size of the central ridge of the block can cut the space-time trajectory line, and the horn notch is also a matching size.
  • Figure 50 to Figure 55 show the cooperation relationship between some auxiliary blocks and blocks.
  • Figures 56 to 61 show additional auxiliary blocks.
  • the auxiliary block matching the top surface of the block can be called the top auxiliary block, which is generally laid on the top of the wall of the floor.
  • Figure 50, Figure 51, and Figure 52 show the first type of top auxiliary block 23, usually two blocks, which are respectively laid on both sides of the middle ridge of the block, and whose top surface is the same as the top of the ridge of the block on flat surface.
  • Fig. 53, Fig. 54, and Fig. 55 show the second-type top surface auxiliary block 24, and the first-type top surface auxiliary block 23 and the block are integrated into one.
  • the auxiliary block matching the bottom surface of the block can be called the bottom auxiliary block, which is generally used at the bottom of the wall of the floor.
  • the bottom auxiliary block There are usually two types.
  • Fig. 50, Fig. 51, and Fig. 52 show the first type of bottom auxiliary block 25, whose bottom surface is on the same plane as the foot of the block.
  • Fig. 53, Fig. 54, and Fig. 55 show the second type of bottom auxiliary block 26, and the first type of bottom auxiliary block 25 is integrated with the block.
  • the auxiliary blocks shown in Figure 56 and Figure 57 are composed of two blocks that are longitudinally opposed to each other and integrated with the two sides of the other block. They are usually cross-shaped and can be used for two walls or three walls. Or the intersection of four walls. In the auxiliary block shown in Fig. 56, one end face of each of the two blocks coincides with the two side faces of the other block in the same plane.
  • the auxiliary block shown in FIG. 57 is based on FIG. 56, in which one end surface of each of the two blocks projects from the side of the other block.
  • auxiliary blocks shown in Figure 58, Figure 59, Figure 60, and Figure 61 are formed by the vertical connection of one block with one side of the other block. They are usually L-shaped or T-shaped and are used for two walls. Or the intersection of three walls.
  • the auxiliary block shown in FIG. 58 is L-shaped, in which the end of one block and the side end of the other block are integrated with each other, and one end face of the previous block overlaps with one side face of the other block. same plane.
  • the L-shaped auxiliary block shown in FIG. 59 is based on FIG. 58, and the end face of one block projects from the side of the other block. L-shaped auxiliary blocks.
  • the auxiliary blocks shown in Figure 60 and Figure 61 are T-shaped.
  • the end of one block and one side of the other block are integrated with each other, and one end face of the previous block and one side face of the other block coincide on the same plane.
  • the auxiliary block shown in Fig. 61 is based on Fig. 60, and the end face of one block projects from the side of the other block.
  • the wall shown in FIG. 62 includes an auxiliary block 23 and an auxiliary block 25.
  • auxiliary block 26 In the wall shown in FIG. 63, there are an auxiliary block 26, a T-shaped auxiliary block, and a post provided with an overhanging block 27.
  • Fig. 64 is a sectional view of the wall shown in Fig. 62, and an auxiliary block 25 is provided at the lowest level.
  • a bump 28 is provided on the upper surface of the lower beam, and a groove 29 is provided on the lower surface of the upper beam.
  • Several similar blocks are successively displaced and stacked, and adjacent blocks are stacked. Masonry joints are formed between them. The top and bottom surfaces cooperate with the masonry to form horizontal joints. The end faces meet to form vertical joints, and the vertical joints adjacent to each other are offset from each other. The bottom surface of the support is matched, and the left and right supporting slopes become blocking structures and lock the adjacent blocks above and below each other, preventing relative lateral movement and being firm and stable.
  • the leakage prevention process of masonry joints can be seen in Figure 62, Figure 63, Figure 64, and Figure 65:
  • the arrows shown in Figure 63 indicate flowing water. If the water is to penetrate deep through the masonry joints, it is supported by the block. Slope blocking, so as to prevent the leakage of masonry horizontal joints; if the water is to penetrate deep through the vertical joints of the masonry, the space-time trajectory of the leakage is usually from high to low, and the foot of the block at the top of the masonry joint is generally At the highest point of leakage prevention, the leaking water at the bottom of the uppermost layer of the three-story block flows downwards inward, and the protrusions of the ridges of the lowest layer block can cut off the trajectory of the spatiotemporal leakage.
  • the supporting slope of the bottom layer block blocks and cannot leak to the other side of the wall.
  • the ideal leak-proof block has such a shape and size that when three similar blocks are stacked on top of each other, the ridge of the bottom block is higher than the foot of the top block;
  • the mathematical model and calculation method for leak-proof or permeable soil established in accordance with the principles of the present invention can determine the space-time trajectory, thereby determining Block size.
  • the T-shaped auxiliary block perfectly solves the leak-proof problem of the masonry joint at the intersection of the T-shaped wall.
  • the use of L-shaped auxiliary blocks can perfectly solve the leakage problem of the masonry joints at the intersection of two walls;
  • the use of cross-shaped auxiliary blocks can perfectly solve the two walls, or three walls, or four walls Leak-proof problem of masonry joints at the intersection of walls.
  • the use of cross-shaped, L-shaped, and T-shaped auxiliary blocks makes the intersecting walls and adjacent walls interlocked into one, improving the integrity and stability of the wall.
  • the bonding material when bonding, can be covered with all the masonry joints, or only on the shoulders, or only on the supporting slope; dry-drying methods can also be used. No bonding material is needed between the two.
  • the support slope is a thousand-walled wall, and the masonry joint between the slope and the horn notch is an air layer, which is more conducive to drainage.
  • An overhang block 27 is provided on the column in the wall shown in FIG. 63.
  • the overhang block includes a top surface, a bottom surface, and two end surfaces.
  • the cross section of the overhang block is generally a downward-flared bell mouth.
  • the overhang block has a central ridge, which is low on both sides, forming left and right support slopes; one end surface of the overhang block is in sealing engagement with the column, the other end surface of the overhang block is in engagement with the block, and the top surface of the overhang block is in contact with the block.
  • the bottom surface of the upper block is matched, and the bottom surface of the overhang block is matched with the top surface of the lower block.
  • a plurality of overhang blocks are arranged in an orderly space on the stilt column. The blocks are matched with the masonry. The columns are tightly connected to the blocks through the overhanging blocks.
  • the left and right supporting slopes of the overhanging blocks become blocking structures and lock the adjacent blocks above and below each other, which perfectly solves the problem of columns and blocks.
  • Leak-proof problems between the two, and the chain as a whole, improve the integrity and stability of the wall.
  • the shape of the overhanging block can be matched with the block, and its length is generally smaller than the total length of the block.
  • Columns include stilts, sidings or steel columns or other load-bearing parts.
  • the pillars of the frame structure are usually cast with outriggers when pouring concrete; the manufactured outriggers can also be installed on the pillars; if the pillar is a steel structure, the outriggers can be welded.
  • leak-proof sealing measures must be taken between the column and the overhanging block. For example, rubber, grease, glass glue and other waterproof materials are sandwiched between the column and the overhanging block. Watertight welding can be regarded as Sealed joint.
  • the upper surface of the beam at the lower part of the wall is provided with a bump 28, and the lower bottom surface of the bump is tightly combined with the upper surface of the beam; the bump must extend to two adjacent beam-column nodes
  • the convex block cooperates with the horn notch of the block; the cross section of the convex block may be similar to the cross section of the auxiliary block 25.
  • a groove 29 is provided on the lower surface of the upper beam of the wall; the groove must extend to the column at the node of two adjacent beam-columns; when the block is combined with the lower surface of the beam The groove cooperates with the top surface of the block, and the ridge of the block can extend into the groove.
  • the arrangement of the bumps and grooves can prevent water leakage at the joints between the block and the upper and lower surfaces of the beam, and also make the joints tightly coupled and stable.
  • Fig. 66 is a schematic diagram of a lateral force of the wall shown in Fig. 63, and an auxiliary block 26 is provided at the bottom.
  • a lateral force of the wall shown in Fig. 63 and an auxiliary block 26 is provided at the bottom.
  • the thick line shown in Figure 66 is restricted by the ridge and returns to a stable state.
  • the wall will be unstable when the directional force is increased to break the limit and cause more blocks to break, so the overturning resistance and seismic performance are greatly improved.
  • the block shown in Fig. 5 is used to form a gap, so that the floor can be conveniently placed.
  • the wall shown in FIGS. 68 and 69 is connected to the external frame through the connecting member 30.
  • one end of the connector is installed in the masonry joint.
  • one end of the connector is installed in the lateral opening 17 of the block.
  • One end of the connecting piece connected to the wall body is processed into a shape that can be matched with the block, and the other end of the connecting piece can be connected to the external frame by methods such as hooking, bolting, and welding.
  • the connecting member may be steel, aluminum, or the like.
  • the block shown in FIG. 70 is combined with the thin plate 31 based on the shape of the block shown in FIG. 3 and the shoulder.
  • a shoulder can be provided on one or both sides of the thin plate.
  • the material of the thin plate may be a leak-proof plate such as a metal plate or a plastic plate.
  • the thin plates of this block are leak-proof and interlocking, the shoulders are load-bearing and the functions are separated.
  • the material of the thin plate is a radiation protection plate, it can be used for building a radiation protection wall, which has the same radiation protection effect as the blocks shown in Fig. 32 and Fig. 33.
  • the blocks shown in Fig. 71 and Fig. 72 are hollowed out at the middle to form block.
  • the two end faces of the block shown in Fig. 71 are the same as the end faces of the block shown in Fig. 9.
  • One end face of the block shown in FIG. 72 is the same as the end face of the block shown in FIG. 9, and the top and bottom surfaces of the other end face are both flat.
  • the formwork blocks are usually placed at the intersection of the wall for pouring concrete cores.
  • the function of masonry blocks is not only equivalent to building formwork, but also combined with masonry walls.
  • the wall shown in FIG. 73 includes a block similar to that shown in FIG. 34 or FIG. 35 or FIG. 40.
  • a masonry method of widening the vertical seam 32 is adopted. Flowers and plants can be planted in the holes or openings at the widened vertical seam to form Vertical green wall.
  • Figures 74 and 75 show radiation protection walls.
  • the radiation protection wall shown in FIG. 74 uses the radiation protection block shown in FIG. 33.
  • the radiation protection wall shown in FIG. 75 is based on the radiation protection block shown in FIG. 33 and is provided with radiation protection plates on the left and right supporting slopes.
  • the radiation protection function is better than the radiation protection wall shown in FIG. 74. When a radiation protection wall is formed, the radiation protection plates on adjacent radiation protection blocks overlap with each other in the longitudinal direction.
  • the radiation protection plate can be formed into the shape of the top surface of the block and laid in the masonry joint with reference to the above methods and principles, and a radiation protection wall can also be formed.
  • Materials such as radiation-proof concrete can also be used to produce the blocks of the present invention for masonry as radiation-proof walls.
  • the shape and size of the radiation protection block must meet the following conditions: When three similar radiation protection blocks are stacked on top of each other, the ridge of the bottom radiation protection block is higher than the foot of the top radiation protection block. In this case, the vertical joints of the masonry are not penetrated in a straight line and have ideal radiation protection effects.
  • Fig. 76 is a structural schematic diagram of an anti-crack wall.
  • the rough anti-crack block shown in Fig. 27 is adopted and masonry is used.
  • the anti-crack grooves on the top and bottom sides do not need to be built.
  • Figure 77 is a partial enlarged view of the mortar masonry joint shown in Figure 76. It can be seen from the figure that the mortar between A and B enters the rough concave portion of the block during the masonry, and the longitudinal displacement of the block It will be blocked by the mortar between A and B to limit the cracking effect; only when a lot of mortar between B and B are all broken, the block will be dislocated and cracked, so the rough setting has better crack resistance effect. It is recommended to use anti-cracking mortar.
  • Anti-cracking mortar is to mix one or more kinds of silk, thread, fiber, etc. in ordinary mortar, such as hemp, paper bar, plastic wire, etc., which has much greater resistance than ordinary mortar. Tensile and shear strength to further improve crack resistance. In the case of dry masonry, the rough protrusions can fit into the rough depressions of adjacent blocks. The rough texture of the masonry can limit the dislocation cracking.
  • the wall shown in FIG. 78 has a long block, a cross section similar to that shown in FIG. 4, and is provided with a longitudinal hole.
  • the wall is provided with an overhanging block.
  • the function of the overhanging block is the same as that shown in FIG. 63. .
  • Figure 79 shows a tunnel lining wall.
  • the blocks shown in Figures 5 and 6 are used, which are provided with connectors and a barrier layer 33.
  • the barrier layer is located between the wall and the rock or soil or structure.
  • the function is to form an air layer 34 between the barrier layer and the wall.
  • the role of the air layer is to create a leaking environment as shown in Figure 63 to prevent leakage.
  • the principle is the same as that shown in FIGS. 62 and 63.
  • the block wall can be connected to the rock or soil layer or structure with a connector.
  • the connector can also be a shotcrete or the like.
  • the dry tunnel wall has flexibility, and it is not necessary to provide deformation joints, so there are no problems with deformation joints such as aging of water-proof materials, deformation and cracking, simple construction, shortened construction period, and reduced cost.
  • the barrier layer shown in FIG. 80 is composed of a plurality of barrier fabrics 35. Adjacent barrier fabrics on the same layer are connected end to end, and adjacent upper and lower barrier fabrics are overlapped. The upper barrier fabric is stacked to hold the lower barrier. Anti-fabric, the lower barrier fabric is sandwiched between the adjacent upper barrier fabric and the wall; the joint 36 between the upper barrier fabric and the adjacent lower barrier fabric are misaligned with each other . When the adjacent barrier fabrics at the joints overlap each other, the barrier effect is better.
  • the barrier fabric can be sleeve felt, plastic film, plastic sheet, cloth, tinplate, etc., without the need for hot-melt welding.
  • the methods of connecting the barrier fabric to the wall are: rivet the barrier fabric on the wall surface, or tie the barrier fabric to the wall with iron wire, or install the barrier fabric into the wall of the masonry during masonry In the seam.
  • the barrier layer can also be provided in multiple layers.
  • the barrier fabric constituting the barrier layer is a waterproof material, and among the upper and lower three-layer barrier fabrics, the top of the lowermost barrier fabric is higher than the uppermost barrier fabric. At the bottom of the fabric, the barrier layer at this time has an ideal leak-proof effect.
  • the wall shown in Figure S1 uses blocks with different widths. The wide shoulders of the blocks are close to the structure on the side of the wall. An air layer is formed between the wall and the structure.
  • the structure may be a concrete wall or a rock. Soil, etc. The role of the air layer is the same as in Figure 79.
  • the walls shown in Figure 79 and Figure 81 can be used in tunnels, subways, mines, roadways, underground civil air defense, underground warehouses and other buildings to better solve the problem of leakage prevention, and the chain stability.
  • the nine types of walls shown in Figure 82 to Figure 90 can be regarded as retaining walls, all of which have the benefits of permeable soil retention and chain stability. Effect, can be used in retaining walls, dikes, barges, river banks, bank walls, slope protection, embankments, sea walls, cofferdams, earth dams, spur dams, jetties, lock dams, submersible dams, sand dams, underground collection reservoirs, sewage Handle buildings and other related buildings.
  • the ideal effect of permeable soil retention is:
  • the block has such a shape and size that when three similar blocks are stacked on top of each other, the ridge of the bottom block is higher than the foot of the top block. This situation is All muddy water entering the vertical seam is overflow and permeable.
  • each of the masonry joints in the water-retaining retaining wall can be used as an overflow channel, the muddy water reaching the wall anywhere in the soil is the nearest accumulating overflow method, and the drainage is fast and the soil retention is reliable. Due to the rapid drainage, the water pressure in the soil is almost negligible, which greatly improves the anti-overturning ability of the wall. Due to the reliable retention of the soil, the soil behind the wall is stable and difficult to pan, which greatly improves the wall's Stability. Moreover, the blocks are staggered and interlocked, greatly improving the integrity of the wall. Moreover, it is known from Fig. 66 that the resistance of the central ridge greatly improves the anti-overturning capacity of the permeable soil retaining wall.
  • the retaining wall is dry or unsaturated, and the wall is flexible and adapts to deformation such as settlement and expansion. There is no need to set up construction joints and deformation joints, which is conducive to simplifying construction, shortening the construction period, and reducing the cost.
  • the retaining wall shown in Figure 82 is widened on the side facing the soil.
  • the soil is pressed against the wide shoulders of the block.
  • the self-weight of the soil increases the anti-overturning capacity of the wall.
  • the retaining wall shown in FIG. 83 is a kind of embankment wall, and the flat part of the bottom surface of the water-facing side of the block has a wave suppression effect.
  • the wall shown in Fig. 84 adopts a block similar to that in Fig. 5, and the lateral connection surface of the water front side of the block has a wave absorbing effect.
  • Figure 85 can be regarded as a kind of earth-rock dam wall.
  • the upstream dam surface can retain water permeable soil; the inner side of the downstream block dam surface is permeable soil and the outside is leak-proof; the wave-proof wall is leak-proof.
  • the anti-leakage effect of the downstream block dam surface can be used for flood drainage.
  • the wall shown in Figure 85 can also be considered as a dike, embankment, boardwalk, etc.
  • Figure 86 shows the wall of an underground collecting reservoir. Since every masonry joint can be erected as a water-permeable channel, water can be collected quickly; and because each water-permeable channel can be sedimentary overflow, retaining soil Reliable, greatly reducing the mud content of water entering the reservoir.
  • Figure 86 can also be considered as a schematic cross-sectional view of the wall of the catchment well.
  • Figure 87 shows a sand dam wall. The principle is the same as that shown in Figure 86.
  • the wall may be widened or a support body may be provided on the downstream side of the wall.
  • Figure 88 shows a kind of field cofferdam wall.
  • the block shown in Figure 14 is used.
  • the foot on the side facing the weir is high and the height of the supporting slope is relatively small. Part of the water is not blocked by the supporting slope and there is no overflow process, which is beneficial to the rapid inflow of soil-containing water into the weir.
  • Adopting the method of widening vertical seams as shown in Figure 73 to build retaining walls is conducive to water permeable and water permeable, and can reduce the amount of blocks. It also has a beautiful effect; use the blocks shown in Figure 34 or Figure 35 or Figure 40
  • the vertical slits are widened, and the holes and openings can be planted with flowers or plants or inhabited by aquatic animals.
  • the above retaining wall body can also be used in sewage treatment buildings, and its principle is the same as that of permeable soil. For example, if a sewage pond is constructed, the sewage is discharged from the masonry joints of the wall, and solid dirt in the sewage is left behind. For example, if a sewage ditch is constructed, the solid sewage is trapped before flowing into the sewer, the solid dirt in the sewage system is greatly reduced, and the sewer is not easily blocked.
  • an anti-filtration layer can be provided on one side of the wall.
  • the material of the anti-filtration layer can be sand, geonet, filter, etc .: 79.
  • an anti-filter layer can also be provided in the masonry joint; an anti-filter layer can also be set between the upper and lower adjacent barrier fabrics of the barrier layer, and the adjacent barriers at the joints The fabrics can be overlapped and combined with each other.
  • the above-mentioned walls can adopt the methods shown in Figure 63, Figure 65, Figure 68, and Figure 69, and Figure 89, The method shown in Figure 90.
  • the wall shown in FIG. 89 adopts a connector 30 to strengthen the connection between the wall and the soil.
  • One end of the connector is installed in the masonry joint or the opening of the block.
  • the connecting member may be a metal rod, wood, or the like, or a steel wire, a rope, or the like.
  • the wall shown in FIG. 90 adopts a grid mesh 37 to strengthen the connection between the wall and the soil.
  • One end of the grid mesh is connected to the wall and the other end is placed in the soil.
  • the materials of the grid mesh include geonets, plastic nets, metal nets, and woven nets.
  • the long plate-shaped block shown in FIG. 91 is provided with guide ribs at the end of the supporting slope and the ridge.
  • the long plate-shaped block shown in Fig. 92 is provided with guide ribs at the ridge and at both ends of the supporting slope.
  • the function of the flow guiding ridges is the same as that shown in FIG. 30.
  • FIG. 93 is a block matching the masonry of FIG. 91.
  • the top of the horn notch is provided with an upper recess 38 that cooperates with the diversion rib shown in FIG. 92, and is used for laying the masonry shown in FIG. 92.
  • the upper layer of the block covers the vertical seam between the two blocks shown in Figure 92.
  • FIG. 94 is a longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 92.
  • the wall shown in Figure 95, Figure 96, and Figure 97 is a sloping wall, and the principle of leakage prevention is the same as that shown in Figure 63.
  • the structural principle of the plate-type inclined wall can be used for slope roofs.
  • the columns with outriggers can be regarded as roof beams, long plate-shaped blocks can be regarded as roof panels, and the staggered roof panels form leak-proof slope roofs.
  • the end faces of two roof slabs are connected to form a vertical seam, and the vertical seams adjacent to each other are offset from each other.
  • the ends of the roof slab are added to the support.
  • the support is usually a wall or roof beam.
  • the principle of leakage prevention is the same as that in Figure 63.
  • Figure 97 is a schematic diagram of the top structure where two walls intersect, or the top structure of a tunnel lining wall, or the ridge structure.
  • the uppermost layer is the block shown in Figure 93, and the lower layer is shown in Figure 92.
  • the other blocks are similar to those in FIG. 4.
  • the block shown in Fig. 92 is superposed on two walls.
  • the top block shown in Fig. 93 completely covers the vertical seam of the block shown in Fig. 92.
  • the sloping roof of this structure is both leakproof and load bearing, and has simple construction.
  • FIG. 95 Figure 95, Figure 96, and Figure 97 as sloping roofs.
  • Slope roofs often have structural layers such as screeds, insulation layers, and protective layers. It is recommended that a barrier layer be provided between the roof slab and the structural layer.
  • Figures 79 and 80 are the same.
  • Figure 98 shows the deck structure layer, using the block shown in Figure 6.
  • the blocks are continuously staggered from the bridge piers at both ends, and the top and bottom surfaces of adjacent blocks abut each other, which can be dry and glued. Because the blocks are staggered and interlocked with each other, the descent displacements of adjacent blocks are nearly consistent due to mutual restraint.
  • the bridge deck is relatively flat, and the construction and use are safer and more stable.
  • Figure 99 shows the ground structure formed by blocks.
  • the blocks are paved, and the lateral side or lateral connection surface on one side is placed on the ground floor.
  • the top and bottom surfaces of adjacent blocks are interlaced and interlocked. .
  • the overall interlocking action prevents the blocks located in the depression from sinking individually, and the ground deformation is relatively gentle, which is helpful to reduce the bumps of the vehicle.
  • the block ground is especially suitable for places that are frequently maintained and replaced, such as container cargo yards, heavy vehicle parking lots, etc., bridge heads of highways, sharp turns, and road intersections.
  • the airport runway that needs to increase taxi resistance at sharp turning sections of roads and warning slowing down speeds is also very useful.
  • the width of the masonry joints between the blocks and the height of the blocks on both sides of the joints are controlled according to the design. Poor, masonry joints cause predictable bumps for moving vehicles, reminding drivers to slow down; Masonry joints can provide resistance to the rolling of aircraft tires.
  • Adjacent blocks in the ground of the block have a flat surface and the other block has a corrugated, rough, or crevice surface. Adjacent blocks cannot be completely fitted. When there is rain infiltration, the masonry gap below the middle ridge of the block can become a buffer zone. When pedestrians step on, the sewage under the block floor is not easy to wash out of the buffer zone and splash pedestrians.
  • Decorative road blocks are used for paving road traffic signs, which are more durable than paint signs; their decorative surfaces form the surface of bridges and the ground and are decorative.
  • the interface between the block's surface and the surface can be covered with angle steel.
  • Figures 100, 102, and 103 show the molds used to produce the blocks of the present invention.
  • Figure 100 is a billet mold, usually with big and small ends, the big end is connected to the block extruder. When the block material entering the big end comes out from the small end exit, a billet with a cross-sectional shape of the block is formed. The billet is cut into sections with a set length, and finally fired into the block of the present invention.
  • a coder 39 may be provided outside the exit of the billet mold shown in FIG. 100, and the coder should be close to the block billet.
  • Shown in FIG. 101 is a code wheel on the printer 39.
  • the surface of the code wheel is provided with an equal mirror convex code.
  • the code wheel is in close contact with the billet and rotates as the billet is extruded, and the convex code prints text and patterns on the billet.
  • Figure 102 shows a box mold, which is divided into an upper mold, a mold box and a lower mold.
  • the flat lower mold can be used to form one end face of the block;
  • the mold box can be divided into many holes, and the top surface, bottom surface, and lateral sides or lateral connection surfaces of the block can be formed around each hole;
  • the upper mold is provided with a mold
  • the core can be used to form the other end face of the block and the longitudinal holes in the block.
  • a flat upper mold is used to form the other end face of the block.
  • Figure 103 shows another box mold, which is divided into upper mold, mold box and lower mold.
  • the lower mold is provided with concave-convex blocks to form the top surface of the block;
  • the mold box can be divided into a number of holes, and the periphery of each hole can form the end face of the block and the lateral side or the horizontal connecting surface;
  • the upper mold is provided with another type Bumps can form the bottom surface of the block.
  • a mold core capable of forming a vertical hole may be provided on the upper mold.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un type de bloc permettant de construire un mur et le mur construit à partir de ses blocs. De nombreux blocs analogues sont montés de façon à chevaucher un bloc en alternance de façon continue dans ce mur. Ce bloc s'étend sur sa longueur et comprend une surface supérieure (1), une surface inférieure (2) et des surfaces d'extrémité (3). La coupe de ce bloc et dans l'ensemble en forme de trompette inversée. La surface supérieur (1) possède une crête médiane (4) plus élevée que les deux côtés de la surface de façon à former la pente de support gauche et droite (5). La surface supérieure (1) et la surface inférieure (2) sont formées de la façon suivante: lorsqu'un bloc chevauche un bloc analogue placé en dessous de façon à former un mur, la pente de support gauche et droite (5) devient une structure de blocage destinée à bloquer les deux blocs supérieur et inférieur voisins, la hauteur de la crête médiane (4) pouvant être coupée en forme trochoïde par intervalle. Cette invention concerne aussi les blocs auxiliaires qui coopèrent avec ces blocs.
PCT/CN2004/000974 2003-09-23 2004-08-23 Bloc pour mur de construction et mur construit a l'aide de ces blocs WO2005028772A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2539329A CA2539329C (fr) 2003-09-23 2004-08-23 Bloc de formation de mur et mur ainsi forme
BRPI0414660-3A BRPI0414660A (pt) 2003-09-23 2004-08-23 bloco para formação de parede e parede desse modo formada
US10/571,878 US20070199273A1 (en) 2003-09-23 2004-08-23 Block For Forming Wall And The Wall Thus Formed
EP04762110.7A EP1669506B1 (fr) 2003-09-23 2004-08-23 Mur construit a l'aide des blocs
AU2004274546A AU2004274546B2 (en) 2003-09-23 2004-08-23 Block for building wall and the wall built with said blocks

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN03159561.8 2003-09-23
CN03159561 2003-09-23
CN200410071514.2A CN1601023A (zh) 2003-09-23 2004-07-07 用于形成墙体的砌块及其形成的墙体以及砌块的用途
CN200410071514.2 2004-07-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005028772A1 true WO2005028772A1 (fr) 2005-03-31

Family

ID=34378749

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2004/000974 WO2005028772A1 (fr) 2003-09-23 2004-08-23 Bloc pour mur de construction et mur construit a l'aide de ces blocs

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20070199273A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1669506B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1601023A (fr)
AU (1) AU2004274546B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0414660A (fr)
CA (1) CA2539329C (fr)
RU (1) RU2349716C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005028772A1 (fr)

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CN104234077B (zh) * 2014-09-04 2017-01-25 昆明市东川区泥石流防治研究所 一种挡墙条形砖及挡墙
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CN108756047A (zh) * 2018-04-23 2018-11-06 胡成锋 夹心互锁砖
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2006113599A (ru) 2007-11-10
EP1669506B1 (fr) 2017-03-08
AU2004274546B2 (en) 2009-05-28
RU2349716C2 (ru) 2009-03-20
AU2004274546A1 (en) 2005-03-31
BRPI0414660A (pt) 2006-11-21
US20070199273A1 (en) 2007-08-30
EP1669506A4 (fr) 2010-03-31
EP1669506A1 (fr) 2006-06-14
CA2539329C (fr) 2011-05-10
CA2539329A1 (fr) 2005-03-31
CN1601023A (zh) 2005-03-30

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