Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/39—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the immunostimulating additives, e.g. chemical adjuvants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
  • A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants

Definitions

• IRMs immune response modifiers
• TLRs Toll-like receptors
• IRMs are small organic molecules (e.g., molecular weight under about 1000 Daltons, preferably under about 500 Daltons, as opposed to large biological molecules such as proteins, peptides, and the like) such as those disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,689,338;
• Additional examples of small molecule IRMs include certain purine derivatives (such as those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,376,501, and 6,028,076), certain i idazoquinoline amide derivatives (such as those described in U.S. Patent No.
• IRMs include large biological molecules such as oligonucleotide sequences.
• Some IRM oligonucleotide sequences contain cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpG) and are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,194,388; 6,207,646; 6,239,116; 6,339,068; and 6,406,705.
• CpG-containing oligonucleotides can include synthetic immunomodulatory structural motifs such as those described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,426,334 and 6,476,000.
• Other IRM nucleotide sequences lack CpG sequences and are described, for example, in International Patent Publication No. WO 00/75304.
• TLR6, TLR7, or TLR8 Some compounds may be agonists of more than one TLR, for example, TLR7 and TLR8, a so-called TLR7/8 agonist.
• Some CpG IRMs may act as an agonist of at least TLR9.
• Certain IRMs such as, for example, certain small molecule IRMs have been shown to be useful as vaccine adjuvants (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,083,505). Also, imiquimod (1-
• the present invention provides a method of generating an immune response in a subject against an antigen in a pharmaceutical composition.
• the method includes topically administering an IRM compound to an administration site of the subject in an amount effective to potentiate an immune response to an antigen, and administering a pharmaceutical composition at the administration site that includes the antigen in an amount effective to generate an immune response to the antigen.
• the pharmaceutical composition can be a vaccine so that the invention provides a method of increasing an immune response raised by a subject in response to administering a vaccine at a vaccination site.
• the method includes topically administering an IRM compound to the subject at the vaccination site in an amount effective to increase the immune response to the vaccine.
• the IRM compound can be a TLR8 agonist, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
• the IRM compound can be a TLR8 -selective agonist, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
• the IRM compound can be a TLR7/8 agonist, or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof.
• the IRM compound can be an imidazoquinoline amine; a tetrahydroimidazoquinoline amine; an imidazopyridine amine; a 1,2-bridged imidazoquinoline amine; a 6,7 -fused cycloalkylimidazopyridine amine; an imidazonaphthyridine amine; a tetrahydroimidazonaphthyridine amine; an oxazoloquinoline amine; a thiazoloquinoline amine; an oxazolopyridine amine; a thiazolopyridine amine; an oxazolonaphthyridine amine; a thiazolonaphthyridine amine; or a IH-imidazo dimer fused to a pyridine amine, a quinoline amine, a tetrahydroquinoline amine, a naphthyridine amine, or a IH
• the imidazoquinoline amine is a substituted imidazoquinoline amine.
• the IRM compound can be administered before the pharmaceutical composition is administered. In alternative embodiments, the IRM compound may be administered after, or at the same time as, the pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the IRM compound may be administered once. In alternative embodiments, the IRM compound may be administered at least twice.
• the invention provides a pharmaceutical combination that includes an LRM compound and a pharmaceutical composition such as, for example, a vaccine. In some embodiments, the IRM compound can be a TLR8 agonist.
• the IRM compound can be an imidazoquinoline amine; a tetrahydroimidazoquinoline amine; an imidazopyridine amine; a 1,2-bridged imidazoquinoline amine; a 6,7-fused cycloalkylimidazopyridine amine; an imidazonaphthyridine amine; a tetrahydroimidazonaphthyridine amine; an oxazoloquinoline amine; a thiazoloquinoline amine; an oxazolopyridine amine; a thiazolopyridine amine; an oxazolonaphthyridine amine; a thiazolonaphthyridine amine; or a IH-imidazo dimer fused to a pyridine amine, a quinoline amine, a tetrahydroquinoline amine, a naphthyridine amine, or a IH-
• the imidazoquinoline amine is a substituted imidazoquinoline amine.
• Fig. l -lc show flow cytometry data showing the results of Example 1.
• Fig. 2 is a bar graph showing the results of Example 1.
• Fig. 3 is a timeline illustrating the experimental procedure employed in Example 2.
• Fig. 4 -4c is a bar graph showing the results of Example 2.
• the present invention relates to using certain LRM compounds to increase the immune response of a subject against an antigen. Accordingly, the invention provides a method of generating an immune response in a subject against an antigen, a method of increasing an immune response in a subject in response to vaccinating the subject, a pharmaceutical combination that includes a pharmaceutical composition and an IRM compound, and a kit that includes a pharmaceutical composition and an IRM compound.
• the IRM compound can be a TLR8 agonist.
• reference to a compound can include the compound in any pharmaceutically acceptable form, including any isomer (e.g., diastereomer or enantiomer), salt, solvate, polymorph, and the like.
• reference to the compound can include each of the compound's enantiomers as well as racemic mixtures of the enantiomers.
• the invention provides a method of generating an immune response in a subject against an antigen. Generally, the method includes topically administering an IRM compound at an administration site, and administering a pharmaceutical composition that includes the antigen at the administration site.
• the pharmaceutical composition can be a vaccine.
• Suitable antigenic materials include but are not limited to peptides or polypeptides (including a nucleic acid, at least a portion of which encodes the peptide or polypeptide); lipids; glycolipids; polysaccharides; carbohydrates; polynucleotides; prions; live or inactivated bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites; and bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoal, tumor-derived, or organism-derived immunogens, toxins or toxoids.
• the present invention relates to improving the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical composition by topically administering an LRM compound at the same site as the pharmaceutical composition is administered.
• each of (a) a topical pharmaceutical formulation that includes the IRM compound and (b) the pharmaceutical composition that includes the antigen is administered to an administration site of a subject.
• the containers may be fashioned in any manner that provides suitable dispensing of the container contents.
• Any suitable IRM compound may be useful for practicing a particular aspect or embodiment of the invention.
• the IRM compound may be a small molecule immune response modifier (e.g., molecular weight of less than about 1000
• the IRM compound can be a thiazoloquinoline amine such as, for example, 2-propylthiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine.
• the IRM compound can be 4-amino- ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyl-2-ethoxymethyl-lH- imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l-ethanol.
• the IRM compound may be an imidazonaphthyridine amine, a tetrahydroimidazonaphthyridine amine, an oxazoloquinoline amine, a thiazoloquinoline amine, an oxazolopyridine amine, a thiazolopyridine amine, an oxazolonaphthyridine amine, or a thiazolonaphthyridine amine.
• the IRM compound may be a substituted imidazoquinoline amine, a tetrahydroimidazoquinoline amine, an imidazopyridine amine, a 1,2-bridged imidazoquinoline amine, a 6,7-fused cycloalkylimidazopyridine amine, an imidazonaphthyridine amine, a tetrahydroimidazonaphthyridine amine, an oxazoloquinoline amine, a thiazoloquinoline amine, an oxazolopyridine amine, a thiazolopyridine amine, an oxazolonaphthyridine amine, or a thiazolonaphthyridine amine.
• a "substituted imidazoquinoline amine” refers to an amide substituted imidazoquinoline amine, a sulfonamide substituted imidazoquinoline amine, a urea substituted imidazoquinoline amine, an aryl ether substituted imidazoquinoline amine, a heterocyclic ether substituted imidazoquinoline amine, an amido ether substituted imidazoquinoline amine, a sulfonamido ether substituted imidazoquinoline amine, a urea substituted imidazoquinoline ether, a thioether substituted imidazoquinoline amines, or a 6-, 7-, 8-, or 9-aryl or heteroaryl substituted imidazoquinoline amine.
• substituted imidazoquinoline amines specifically and expressly exclude l-(2- methylpropyl)-lH-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine and 4-amino- ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyl-2- ethoxymethyl-lH-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-l-ethanol.
• Suitable IRM compounds also may include the purine derivatives, imidazoquinoline amide derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, adenine derivatives, and oligonucleotide sequences described above.
• the IRM compound may be a compound identified as an agonist of one or more TLRs.
• the IRM compound may act as an agonist of TLR8.
• the IRM compound may be a TLR8-selective agonist. In other embodiments, the IRM compound may be a TLR7/8 agonist.
• "Agonist" refers to a compound that, in combination with a receptor (e.g., a TLR), can produce a cellular response.
• An agonist may be a ligand that directly binds to the receptor.
• an agonist may combine with a receptor indirectly by, for example, (a) forming a complex with another molecule that directly binds to the receptor, or (b) otherwise resulting in the modification of another compound so that the other compound directly binds to the receptor.
• a compound may be referred to as an agonist of a particular TLR (e.g., a TLR8 agonist).
• a compound may be referred to as an agonist of a particular combination of TLRs.
• a TLR7/8 agonist is a compound that acts as an agonist of both TLR7 and TLR8.
• an agonist of a TLR refers to a compound that, when combined with the TLR, can produce a TLR-mediated cellular response.
• a compound may be considered an agonist of a TLR regardless of whether the compound can produce a TLR-mediated cellular response by (a) directly binding to the TLR, or (b) combining with the TLR indirectly by, for example, forming a complex with another molecule that directly binds to the TLR, or otherwise resulting in the modification of another compound so that the other compound can directly bind to the TLR.
• TLR8-selective agonist refers to any compound that acts as an agonist of TLR8, but does not act as an agonist of TLR7.
• WO 04/053452 and recombinant cell lines suitable for use in such assays are described, for example, in international Patent Publication No. WO 04/053057.
• the assay used to assess the agonism of a compound with respect to one TLR may be the same as, or different than, the assay used to assess the agonism of the compound with respect to another TLR.
• a compound can be identified as an agonist of TLR8 if performing the assay with a compound results in at least a threshold increase of some TLR8-mediated biological activity.
• the TLR agonism of a compound may be identified by determining whether the compound elicits a threshold increase of some TLR7-mediated biological activity.
• a compound that elicits a threshold increase of both a TLR8-mediated and a TLR7 -mediated biological activity in the assay may be identified as a TLR7/8 agonist.
• a compound that elicits a threshold increase in a TLR8-mediated biological activity, but fails to elicit a threshold increase in TLR7- mediated biological activity may be identified as a TLR8-selective agonist.
• an increase in biological activity refers to an increase in the same biological activity over that observed in an appropriate control. An assay may or may not be performed in conjunction with the appropriate control.
• the precise threshold increase of TLR-mediated biological activity for determining whether a particular compound is or is not an agonist of a particular TLR in a given assay may vary according to factors known in the art including but not limited to the biological activity observed as the endpoint of the assay, the method used to measure or detect the endpoint of the assay, the signal-to-noise ratio of the assay, the precision of the assay, and whether the same assay is being used to determine the agonism of a compound for both TLR7 and TLR8. Accordingly, it is not practical to set forth generally the threshold increase of TLR-mediated biological activity required to identify a compound as being an agonist or a non-agonist of a particular TLR for all possible assays.
• An amount of an IRM compound effective for generating an immune response in a subject against an antigen is an amount sufficient to induce a therapeutic effect (including prophylaxis), such as cytokine induction, immunomodulation, antitumor activity, adjuvant activity, and/or antiviral activity, when administered in combination with a pharmaceutical composition that includes an antigen.
• the precise amount of IRM compound for generating an immune response in a subject against an antigen will vary according to factors known in the art including but not limited to the physical and chemical nature of the IRM compound, the nature of the carrier, the intended dosing regimen, the state of the subject's immune system (e.g., suppressed, compromised, stimulated), the native antigenicity of the antigenic portion of the pharmaceutical combination, and the species to which the formulation is being administered. Accordingly, it is not practical to set forth generally the amount that constitutes an amount of IRM compound effective for generating an immune response in a subject against an antigen for all possible applications. Those of ordinary skill in the art, however, can readily determine the appropriate amount with due consideration of such factors.
• the method of the invention includes administering sufficient IRM compound to provide a dose of, for example, from about 10 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg to the subject, although in some embodiments the method may be performed by administering IRM compound in concentrations outside this range. In some of these embodiments, the method includes administering sufficient IRM compound to provide a dose of from about 10 ⁇ g/kg to about 25 mg/kg to the subject. In certain embodiments, the method includes administering sufficient IRM compound to provide a dose of from about 1 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, for example, a dose of about 10 mg/kg.
• IRMs identified herein also may be useful as a vaccine adjuvant for use in conjunction with any material that raises either humoral and/or cell mediated immune response, such as, for example, live viral, bacterial, or parasitic immunogens; inactivated viral, tumor-derived, protozoal, organism-derived, fungal, or bacterial immunogens, toxoids, toxins; self-antigens; polysaccharides; proteins; glycoproteins; peptides; cellular vaccines; DNA vaccines; recombinant proteins; glycoproteins; peptides; and the like, for use in connection with, for example, BCG, cholera, plague, typhoid, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza, polio, rabies, measles, mumps, rubella, yellow fever, tetanus, diphtheria, hemophilus influenza b, tuberculosis, mening
• Example 1 ERM1 (2-propylthiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine, the synthesis of which is described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,110,929, Example 12) was prepared in a 1% topical cream formulation as follows: Table 1
• each of groups 2-4 was challenged with 100 ⁇ g of antigen (ovalbumin peptide DO 11.10, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine) by subcutaneous injection.

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• 2004
  • 2004-08-25 AU AU2004266162A patent/AU2004266162A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-08-25 WO PCT/US2004/027712 patent/WO2005018574A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2004-08-25 JP JP2006524843A patent/JP2007504145A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-08-25 CA CA002551075A patent/CA2551075A1/en not_active Abandoned
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