WO2005017139A1 - Thrombine provenant de venin de agkistrodon acutus utilisee comme medicament pour traiter une hemorragie - Google Patents

Thrombine provenant de venin de agkistrodon acutus utilisee comme medicament pour traiter une hemorragie Download PDF

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WO2005017139A1
WO2005017139A1 PCT/CN2003/001048 CN0301048W WO2005017139A1 WO 2005017139 A1 WO2005017139 A1 WO 2005017139A1 CN 0301048 W CN0301048 W CN 0301048W WO 2005017139 A1 WO2005017139 A1 WO 2005017139A1
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thrombin
agkistrodon acutus
acutus
agkistrodon
bleeding
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PCT/CN2003/001048
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Zhong Wu
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Liu, Xianying
Lin, Wenhong
Su, Weiwei
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Priority to AU2003292882A priority Critical patent/AU2003292882A1/en
Publication of WO2005017139A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005017139A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/14Hydrolases (3)
    • C12N9/48Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
    • C12N9/50Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
    • C12N9/64Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue
    • C12N9/6421Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue from mammals
    • C12N9/6424Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
    • C12N9/6429Thrombin (3.4.21.5)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/04Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12YENZYMES
    • C12Y304/00Hydrolases acting on peptide bonds, i.e. peptidases (3.4)
    • C12Y304/21Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
    • C12Y304/21005Thrombin (3.4.21.5)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • Agkistrodon acutus thrombin is used as a medicine for bleeding disorders
  • the invention relates to a thrombin-like enzyme isolated and purified from Agkistrodon acutus snake venom, and is named Haemocoagulase Acutus (abbreviated as Hal aSe ).
  • the invention relates to the use of Agkistrodon acutus thrombin for the preparation of a medicament for treating a bleeding disorder.
  • bleeding is a common emergency.
  • bleeding can be divided into two categories: one is a hematological or hemorrhagic disease, which is often spontaneous bleeding caused by a disorder in the body's coagulation function.
  • Hemorrhagic diseases can be primary or secondary to various clinical diseases, such as thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia, aplastic anemia, leukemia, hypertensive encephalopathy, digestive system disease, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
  • the other type is bleeding caused by injury to vascular tissue caused by injury or trauma, and its cause is simpler than that of bleeding diseases.
  • each phase is a vascular phase, which is mainly manifested by vasoactive contraction, narrowing the vascular cavity, slowing blood flow, reducing bleeding or even stopping it.
  • the second phase is the cell phase, that is, platelets aggregate to form platelet emboli to achieve the initial hemostasis of mechanically blocking blood vessels.
  • the third phase of the plasma phase or the process of blood clotting. That is, under the action of thrombin, fibrin is changed into fibrin, and the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are networked together, causing blood coagulation and promoting or strengthening the hemostatic process.
  • the causes of bleeding can be divided into three types according to the pathogenesis of bleeding: one is abnormal blood vessel bleeding, that is, due to factors of the blood vessel itself, such as the inability of the blood vessel to close, and reduced capillary resistance or surrounding blood vessels Bleeding caused by abnormal tissue structure, etc .; second, blood Small plate abnormalities, such as thrombocytopenia caused by insufficient platelet production or excessive platelet destruction; third, bleeding caused by impaired coagulation mechanism.
  • abnormal blood vessel bleeding that is, due to factors of the blood vessel itself, such as the inability of the blood vessel to close, and reduced capillary resistance or surrounding blood vessels Bleeding caused by abnormal tissue structure, etc .
  • second blood Small plate abnormalities, such as thrombocytopenia caused by insufficient platelet production or excessive platelet destruction
  • third bleeding caused by impaired coagulation mechanism.
  • Hemostasis commonly used in clinical practice can also be divided into the following three categories:
  • the first category is hemostatic agents that act on the walls of blood vessels.
  • the pathogenesis of vascular bleeding is mainly due to increased permeability and brittleness of the blood vessel wall, loosening of connective tissue around the blood vessel, decreased vasoconstriction capacity or damage factors. Therefore, the hemostatic agents used in the clinic that act on blood vessel walls generally act on microvessels, improve their function and structure, and achieve hemostatic effects.
  • the second type is a hemostatic agent that acts on platelets.
  • hemostatic drugs acting on blood vessel walls and platelets have very limited adaptability and efficacy in clinical application.
  • the third category is hemostatic drugs that act on the coagulation process. Due to the complexity of the normal coagulation process, the action and mechanism of this type of hemostatic drug is much more complicated than the above two types.
  • Normal blood coagulation process Briefly, under the action of thrombin, fibrinogen becomes fibrin, which connects red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets together to start blood coagulation.
  • the fibrin network produced by blood coagulation must be lysed (ie, fibrinolysis) to keep the blood vessels unobstructed and maintain blood flow. This is the process of dynamic equilibrium between blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.
  • thrombin and plasmin are the key target enzymes for hemostatic drugs, and promote thrombin activity or thrombin-like enzymes with thrombin-like effects. It can promote fibrinogen to become fibrin, and thus has hemostatic effect; while inhibiting fibrinolytic enzyme activity and reducing degradation of fibrin also have hemostatic effect.
  • Drugs that inhibit fibrinolytic enzymes are also called antifibrinolytic drugs, and have been widely used in clinical practice, mainly for fibrinolytic system with excessive bleeding.
  • antifibrinolytic drugs due to the hemostatic mechanism of these drugs, the indications must be strictly controlled in order to receive good hemostatic effects. If it is applied indiscriminately, not only the expected hemostatic effect will not be received, but even the danger of thrombosis will occur.
  • thrombin that acts on or similar to thrombin is another important target enzyme for hemostatic drugs.
  • Thrombin directly extracted from human or bovine plasma has been used as a hemostatic drug, but the activity after thrombin dissolution is unstable, and thrombin vein injection is listed as an absolute contraindication because it causes disseminated intravascular coagulation. Dangerous.
  • the thrombin-like enzyme extracted from snake venom has a part of thrombin-like activity, but its action and action characteristics are different.
  • the entire fibrinogen can be represented by ( ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ) 2 .
  • the mechanism of immediate hemostasis is to hydrolyze the A alpha chain of fibrinogen, so that fibrinogen becomes a fibrin monomer. Since Lizhi hemostasis does not activate the fibrin stabilization factor ( ⁇ factor), the fibrin monomers formed are soluble fibrin monomers. Its degradation products are quickly engulfed and metabolized by the macrophage system in the body without causing thrombosis.
  • the raw material of Reptilase is Bothrops atorx. Snake venom, but the snake is not distributed in China.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a thrombin-like enzyme isolated and purified from Agkistrodon acutus snake venom, namely Haemocoagulase Acutus (abbreviated as Halase); and to provide thrombin from Agkistrodon acutus; Application in the preparation of a medicament for treating a bleeding disorder.
  • a thrombin-like enzyme isolated and purified from Agkistrodon acutus snake venom namely Haemocoagulase Acutus (abbreviated as Halase)
  • Halase Haemocoagulase Acutus
  • the invention separates and purifies a kind of thrombin from Agkistrodon acutus snake venom in South China, and names it Haemocoagulase Acutus (abbreviated as Halase). Structure of thrombin from Agkistrodon acutus; this product is a glycoprotein composed of two subunits, connected by disulfide bonds. The N-terminal 15 amino acid sequence was determined as follows: A subunit: DCPSDWSSYE GHCYK; B subunit: DCSSGWSSYEGHCYK. Molecular weight: 29076. IDa, isoelectric point is 5. 78, containing 1. 89%-1. 95% neutral hexose.
  • Haemocoagulase Acutus (abbreviated as Halase) is a thrombin-like enzyme isolated and purified from Agkistrodon acutus snake venom.
  • Halase a thrombin-like enzyme isolated and purified from Agkistrodon acutus snake venom.
  • the results of pharmacological and toxicological experiments show that this product has a strong hemostatic effect, and has very low toxicity. It is a safe and effective hemostatic drug.
  • the N-terminal 15 amino acid sequence was determined as follows: A subunit: DCPSDWSSYE GHCYK; B subunit: DCSSGWSSYEGHCYK. The two subunits are connected by a disulfide bond.
  • the results of the pharmacodynamic experiments of the Agkistrodon acutus thrombin are as follows-1.
  • mice 0. Shed / Kg, 0.24U / kg and 0.12U / Kg—30 minutes after intravenous injection, the average bleeding time of tail trimming in mice was 32.79 ⁇ 10.55, 34.35 ⁇ 11.25, and 37.52 ⁇ 10.78 seconds, respectively; The bleeding time was 62.44 ⁇ 10.87 seconds; the average bleeding time of the positive control drug to stop bleeding was 40.90 ⁇ 10.74 seconds. It is shown that the Agkistrodon acutus thrombin can significantly shorten the tail bleeding time in mice.
  • Agkistrodon acutus thrombin with 0.16U / Kg, 0.08U / Kg and 0.04 11 /-after intravenous injection 30111 ⁇ , Lh, 3h,
  • Agkistrodon acutus thrombin was injected intravenously at 0.16U / Kg, 0.08U / Kg, and 0.04 U / Kg. 30min, lh, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, had no significant effect on rabbit white blood cells, red blood cells, platelet counts, and hemoglobin; Lizhi hemostasis also had no significant effect on the above four indicators.
  • Agkistrodon acutus thrombin was 0.16U / Kg, 0.08U / Kg, and 0.04 1! /-After intravenous injection 3 (1 ⁇ 2: 11 1 , 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, has no significant effect on the viscosity of whole blood at high shear rate (120mPa.s), middle shear rate (60mPa.s) and low shear rate (10mPa.s) ; Hemostasis has no significant effect on the viscosity of whole blood under the above three types of shear rates.
  • Agkistrodon acutus thrombin was 0.16U / Kg, 0.08U / Kg, and 0.04 U / Kg—lh, 3h, 6h, 12h and 24h, no significant effect on the rabbit blood TXB 2 content; reptilase of TXB 2 in whole blood of rabbits also had no significant effect.
  • the results of general pharmacological experiments of Agkistrodon acutus thrombin are as follows: A single intravenous injection of mice at 0.96, 0.48, and 0.24U / Kg thrombin is carried out autonomously on mice No significant effect on the number of times. Anesthesia cats received intravenous injections of Agkistrodon acutus thrombin at a dose of 0.32, 0.16 and 0.08 U / Kg, which had no significant effect on the heart rate and blood pressure of the cardiovascular system; nor did it affect the respiratory frequency and amplitude of the respiratory system Significant impact.
  • Salmonella typhimurium dystrophic back mutation test, mouse testis chromosome aberration test, mouse bone marrow micronucleus test were negative.
  • the results of the thrombin generation kinetics of Agkistrodon acutus is as follows: 1. Rats were given intravenous injections of 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 Ug / Kg. The elimination half-lives t 1 / 2P were 8. 50, 9. 74, and 10. 87 h, respectively; eight 11 (31. 06, 65. 28 and 139. 39 ng. H / ml.
  • the raw materials of Agkistrodon acutus thrombin and excipient dextran are dissolved in water for injection, and the volume is adjusted to a certain volume. After drying, the Agkistrodon acutus thrombin powder injection is obtained.
  • the preparation is a white lyophilized powder, odorless and tasteless, easily soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is clear and transparent.
  • the activity is stable at a pH of 4.0 to 7.0.
  • the potency of this product is expressed by the active unit of human plasma coagulation time.
  • An active unit refers to the amount of thrombin in the Agkistrodon acutus venom at 37 ° C, which promotes flocculation of standard human plasma within 60 ⁇ 20 seconds.
  • Example 1 Effects of Agkistrodon acutus thrombin on bleeding tail tail cutting time in mice:
  • Example 2 Impact of Agkistrodon acutus thrombin on bleeding time in rabbit ear margin veins: 30 healthy Japanese big-eared white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups according to body weight, 6 males and half females, 5 groups were: sharp The high-dose group of Agkistrodon acutus thrombin (0. 16U / Kg), the middle-dose group (0. 08U / kg) and the low-dose group (0. 04U / kg), the positive control was established to stop bleeding (0. 04 U / kg) The negative control was sterilized with water for injection.
  • the three Agkistrodon acutus thrombin groups and the stasis hemostasis group were administered with a rabbit ear vein injection according to the experimental design dose, and the negative control was given an equal volume of sterile water for injection.
  • the ear vein region of the ear tip of the sheared and sterilized rabbit ear was punctured with a disposable blood collection needle.
  • the filter paper strip was gently dipped and sucked every 20 seconds until the blood No more oozing, that is, no blood stains on the filter paper strip, record the time from the beginning of bleeding until the bleeding stops, For bleeding time. Perform statistical analysis. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • Twenty-four healthy Japanese big-eared white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight, with 6 in each group, namely the high-dose viper thrombin thrombin group (0.16U / 1 ⁇ 2), the medium-dose group (0.08U / kg), and the low-dose group. Group (0.04U / kg) and Li hemostatic group (0.04U / kg).
  • a single blood collection needle was used to puncture the middle ear artery of the rabbit, and 1 ml of blood was collected and placed in a sterilized glass test tube.
  • the glass test tube was placed in a 37 ° C water bath and the time was recorded. Then tilt the test tube to see if the blood is clotting, until the blood no longer flows and is completely clotted. The judgment end point is: when the test tube is tilted 90 degrees, the blood no longer flows So far.
  • the time from when blood is added to the tube and when the blood reaches the coagulation end point is the whole blood clotting time.
  • Each time point after administration was compared with that before administration, and t test was performed using SSPS8.0 statistical software.
  • the results are shown in Table 3.
  • the results in Table 3 show that: 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h after thrombin from Agkistrodon acutus, all three dose groups can significantly shorten the whole blood coagulation time of rabbits. Immediate hemostasis at 30min, 1h, 3h, 6h, and 12h after administration can also significantly shorten the whole blood coagulation time of rabbits.

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Description

尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶用作治疗出血性疾病的药物
本发明所属技术领域
本发明涉及一种从尖吻蝮蛇(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒中分离纯化的 类凝血酶, 命名为尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶 ( Haemocoagulase Acutus,简写为 HalaSe)。 本发明涉及尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶用于制备治疗出血性疾病的药物的 用途。
在本发明之前的现有技术
在临床急救医学中, 出血是经常发生的急症。 根据出血的原因可将 出血分为两大类:一种是血液病或出血性疾病,往往是由于机体凝血机能 发生障碍而导致的自发性出血。 出血性疾病可原发或继发临床各种疾病, 如血小板数目减少性紫癜、 血友病、 再生障碍性贫血、 白血病、 高血压脑 病、消化系统疾病、消化道出血等。另一类是由于受伤或外伤引起的血管 组织损伤所致的出血, 其发生的原因比出血性疾病简单。
无论是出血性疾病或外伤性出血, 机体都有一个正常止血过程。 一 般可分为三期: 每一期为血管期, 主要表现是血管反应性收缩, 使血管腔 变窄, 血流变慢, 使出血减少甚至停止。 第二期是细胞期, 即血小板聚集 形成血小板栓子, 以达到机械性堵塞血管的初步止血。第三期血浆期, 或 血液凝固过程。 即在凝血酶的作用下, 使纤维蛋白质变成纤维蛋白, 将红 细胞、 白细胞、血小板网络在一起, 引起血液凝固,促进或加固止血过程。
根据上述正常止血机理过程, 按出血的发病机理可将出血的原因分 为三种:一是血管异常性出血,即由于血管本身的因素,如血管不能闭合, 以及毛细血管抵抗力降低或血管周围组织结构异常等引起的出血;二是血 小板异常, 如血小板生成不足或血小板破坏过多引起的血小板减少;三是 凝血机制障碍引起的出血。针对上述引起出血的不同原因,而采取不同的 止血方法和措施。 临床上常用的止血药物也可据此分为以下三类:
第一类是作用于血管壁的止血剂。 血管性出血的发病机理主要是血 管壁通透性和脆性增高,血管周围的结缔组织松弛,血管的收缩能力下降 或损伤因素所致。 因此, 临床上所用的作用于血管壁的止血剂, 一般都是 作用于微血管, 改善其功能和结构而达到止血作用。
第二类是作用于血小板的止血剂, 血小板异常引起的出血有以下两 种类型: 一种是血小板功能缺陷性疾病, 大多数是先天性的。 另一种是血 小板减少所致的出血。无论是血小板功能缺陷性或血小板减少性出血, 出 血严重时, 均采用静注血小板悬液来治疗。
上述作用于血管壁和血小板的止血药物在临床应用中, 其适应性和 疗效都有很大的局限性。
第三类是作用凝血过程的止血药物。 由于正常凝血过程的复杂性, 本类止血药的作用与作用机理比上述两类复杂得多。正常的血液凝固过程 简要地说,是在凝血酶的作用下,纤维蛋原变成纤维蛋白,后者将红细胞、 白细胞、血小板网络在一起而起起血液凝固的过程。但另一方面, 血液凝 固而产生的纤维蛋白网状物必须发生溶解(即纤维蛋白溶解)才能保持血 管的通畅,维持血液的流态。这就是血液凝固与纤维蛋白溶解的动态平衡 过程。
从血凝固和纤溶蛋白的溶解过程来看, 凝血酶和纤溶酶是止血药物 作用的关键靶酶,促进凝血酶的活性或具有凝血酶类似作用的类凝血酶都 能促进纤维蛋白原变成纤维蛋白,因而具有止血作用;而抑制纤溶酶活性, 减少纤维蛋白的降解也具有止血作用。
抑制纤溶酶的药物又称抗纤溶药物, 在临床上已有广泛应用, 主要 用于纤溶系统亢进的出血。但由于该类药物有止血机制, 需严格掌握适应 症, 才能收到良好的止血效果。如不加选择地应用, 不仅不能收到预期的 止血效果, 甚至还会发生血栓形成的危险。
作用于凝血酶或与凝血酶具有类似作用的类凝血酶是止血药物作用 的另一个重要靶酶。 已有从人或牛的血浆中直接提取的凝血酶,作为止血 药物应用,但凝血酶溶解后的活性不稳定,而且凝血酶脉注射列为绝对禁 忌, 因其有引起弥散性血管内凝血的危险性。另外, 从蛇毒中提取的类凝 血酶具有凝血酶的部分类似活性,但作用和作用特点不同。虽然已从蛇毒 中发现多种类凝血酶,但真正在临床取得成功应用的是瑞士素高药厂生产 的立止血(Reptilase), 该制品是从蝰科洞蝮蛇属蝮蛇(Bothropsatrox)蛇 毒中提取的类凝血酶。在许多国家都已广泛地用于临床,证明是一种高效、 速效、安全的止血药物。立止血的作用机理是使纤维蛋白原变成纤维蛋白, 纤维蛋白原 (Fbg) 是由两个相同亚单位组成的糖蛋白, 每个亚单位包含 三条肽链, 即 Α α链、 80链和¥链。 整个纤维蛋白原可用 (Α α、 Β β , Υ ) 2表示。 立止血的作用机理是水解纤维蛋白原的 Α α链, 使纤维蛋白 原变成纤维蛋白单体。 由于立止血对纤维蛋白稳定因子(νπι因子)无激活 作用, 因而形成的纤维蛋白单体为可溶性纤维蛋白单体。其降解物迅速被 体内巨噬细胞系统吞噬、 代谢, 不引起血栓形成。
立止血(Reptilase)的原料是蝰科洞蝮蛇属蝮蛇(Bothrops atorx) 蛇毒, 但中国没有该蛇的分布。
发明目的
本发明的目的是提供一种从尖吻蝮蛇 (Agkistrodon acutus ) 蛇毒 中分离纯化的类凝血酶, 即尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶 (Haemocoagulase Acutus, 简写为 Halase); 以及提供尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶在制备用于治疗出血性疾病的 药物中的应用。
本发明釆用的技术方案
本发明从中国华南地区的尖吻蝮蛇 (Agkistrodon acutus ) 蛇毒中 分离纯化了一种类凝血酶, 命名为尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶 (Haemocoagulase Acutus,简写为 Halase)。 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶的结构; 本品是由两个亚基构 成的糖蛋白, 以二硫键连接。 N末端 15个氨基酸序列的测定结果如下: A 亚基: DCPSDWSSYE GHCYK; B亚基: DCSSGWSSYEGHCYK。分子量: 29076. IDa, 等电点为 5. 78, 含 1. 89%- 1. 95%中性己糖。 药理和毒理实验结果表明: 本 品具有较强的止血作用,且毒性非常低。尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶是一种与立止血 具有相似的止血作用, 但结构完全不同的新的止血药物。
本发明实验证实: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶 (Haemocoagulase Acutus,简写 为 Halase ) 是从尖吻蝮蛇 (Agkistrodon acutus ) 蛇毒中分离纯化的类 凝血酶。药理和毒理实验结果表明, 本品具有较强的止血作用, 且毒性非 常低, 是一种安全有效的止血药物。
本发明中, 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶结构确证实验结果如下-
1.高效液相色谱 (HPLC)测定结果: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶呈单一对称峰, 纯度〉 98%。 2.聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)结果: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶为单一区带。 3.SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS-PAGE) 结果; 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶由 14.8KD和 16.0KD两个亚基构成。
4.基体辅助激光解吸 /电离 -飞行时间质谱分析结果: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血 酶分子量为 29076. lDa。
5.等电聚焦电泳测定结果: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶的等电点(pi)为 5.98.
6. N末端 15 个氨基酸序列的测定结果如下: A 亚基: DCPSDWSSYE GHCYK; B亚基: DCSSGWSSYEGHCYK。 二个亚基由二硫键连接。
本发明中, 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶药效学实验结果如下- 1. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对小鼠剪尾出血时间的影响: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶以
0.棚 /Kg、 0.24U/kg和 0.12U/Kg—次静注后 30min, 小鼠剪尾的平均出 血时间分别为 32.79±10.55、 34.35±11.25和 37.52±10.78秒; 生理盐 水组的平均出血时间为 62.44±10.87秒; 阳性对照药立止血的平均出血 ' 时间为 40.90±10.74秒。 表明尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶能明显縮短小鼠剪尾出血 的时间。
2. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对兔耳缘静脉出血时间的影响: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶 以 0.16U/Kg、 0.08 U/Kg和 0.04 U/Kg—次静注后 30min, 兔耳缘静脉的 平均出血时间分别为 2.99 ±0.42、 3.27±0.44和3.86±0.48111 ; 生理 盐水组的平均出血时间为 6.11±0.74min; 阳性对照药立止血的平均出血 时间为 3.68±0.48min。表明尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶能明显縮短兔耳缘静脉出血 的时间。
3. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对兔全血凝固时间的影响: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶以 0. 16 U/Kg、 0. 08 U/Kg和 0. 04 U/Kg—次静注后 30min、 lh、 3h、 6h、 12h, 明显缩短兔全血凝固时间。 药物在给药后, 30 分钟左右达到最大效应, 维持约 12小时, 然后全血凝固时间逐渐恢复正常。 阳性对照药立止血也 能明显縮短兔全血凝固时间。
4. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对凝血酶原时间 (PT )、 活化部分凝血酶时间
(ΑΡΤΤ) 和纤维蛋白原的影响: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶以 0. 16 U/Kg、 0. 08U/Kg 和 0. 04 U/Kg一次静注后 30min、 lh、 3h、 6h、 12h、 24h, 对 PT、 APTT 和纤维蛋白原无明显影响; 立止血对上述三项指标也无明显影响。
5. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对纤溶系统优球蛋白溶解时间的影响: 尖吻蝮蛇 凝血酶以 0. 16U/Kg、 0. 08U/Kg和 0. 04 11/ —次静注后30111^、 lh、 3h、
6h、 12h、 24h, 对优球蛋白溶解时间无明显影响; 立止血对优球蛋白溶解 时间也无明影响。
6. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对兔白细胞、 红细胞、 血小板计数和血红蛋白的 影响: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶以 0. 16U/Kg、 0. 08U/Kg和 0. 04 U/Kg一次静注后 30min、 lh、 3h、 6h、 12h、 24h, 对兔白细胞、 红细胞、 血小板计数和血 红蛋白无明显的影响; 立止血对上述四项指标也无明显影响。
7. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对全血粘度的影响: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶以 0. 16U/Kg、 0. 08U/Kg和 0. 04 1!/ —次静注后3(½:111、 lh、 3h、 6h、 12h、 24h,对高切变率(120mPa. s)、中切变率(60mPa. s)和低切变率(lOmPa. s) 时的全血粘度无明显影响;立止血对上述三种切变率下的全血粘度也无明 显影响。
8. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对兔血小板聚集的影响: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶以 0. 16U/Kg、 0. 08U/Kg和 0. 04 U/Kg—次静注后 30min、 lh、 3h、 6h、 12h, 对兔血小板聚集无明显影响; 立止血对兔血小板聚集也无明显影响。
9. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对血小板生成 TXB2的影响: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶以 0. 16U/Kg、 0. 08U/Kg和 0. 04 U/Kg—次静注后 lh、 3h、 6h、 12h和 24h, 对兔全血 TXB2含量无明显影响; 立止血对兔全血 TXB2含量也无明显影响。
本发明中, 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶一般药理学实验结果如下: 小鼠静脉一 次注射剂量为 0. 96、 0. 48和 0. 24U/Kg的尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶,对小鼠自主活 动次数无明显影响。麻醉猫静脉一次注射剂量为 0. 32、 0. 16和 0. 08 U/Kg 的尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶,对心血管系统一心率和血压无明显影响;对呼吸系统 呼吸频率和幅度也无明显影响。
本发明中, 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶毒理学实验结果如下:
1. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶 48U/Kg—次给小鼠和大鼠静注或肌注后, 未观 察到毒性反应和动物亡。
2. Beagle犬以 1.2、 0.6、 0.3U/Kg和大鼠以 2. 4、 1. 2、 0. 6U/Kg高、 中、低三个剂量连续静注本品两周, 均未观察到毒性反应和动物死亡。本 品停药后两周恢复期内, 也未观察到物的毒性反应和死亡。
3.鼠伤寒沙门氏菌营养缺陷型回复突变试验、 小鼠睾丸染色体畸变 试验、 小鼠骨髓微核试验为阴性。
4.生殖毒性试验: 大鼠致畸敏感期毒性试验为阴性。
5.过敏性试验、 溶血性试验、 血管和肌肉局部剌激试验为阴性。
6.出血毒试验为阴性。 热原试验、 异常毒性试验和无菌试验为阴性。 本发明中, 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶代动力学实验结果如下: 1.大鼠静注 0. 6、 1. 2和 2. 4Ug/Kg本品后的消除半衰期 t1/2P分别为 8. 50、 9. 74和 10. 87h; 八11(分别为31. 06、 65. 28和 139. 39ng. h/ml。
2.肝、 脾和心在给药后 5min药物浓度达峰, 其它绝大部分组织在给 药后 30min药浓度达峰。肝组织药物浓度显著高于其它组织、脾、肺、肾、 胃、 心等组织药物浓度较高, 脑、 脂肪组织浓度最低。
3.给药后 96h内 73.52%的药物从尿中排出, 12.13%从粪中排泄。 给 药后 24h内胆汁累积排泄量为 4.16%, 表明本品排泄完全。
本发明中, 用尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶制备注射用制剂时, 取尖吻蝮蛇凝血 酶原料药和赋形剂右旋糖酐加注射用水溶解, 定容至一定体积,过滤除菌 后分装,冷冻干燥后即得注射用尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶粉针剂。该制剂为白色冻 干粉末, 无嗅无味, 易溶于水, 水溶液澄清透明。 在 pH值为 4. 0- 7. 0时 活性稳定。本品的效价以促人血浆凝固时间的活性单位表示。一个活性单 位是指在 37°C条件下, 促使标准人血浆在 60±20秒内振摇后出现絮状物 的尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶量。
实施例
实施例 1. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对小鼠剪尾出血时间的影响:
健康昆明种小鼠 50只, 雌雄各半, 按体重随机分成 5组, 即尖吻蝮 蛇凝血酶高剂量组 ( 0. 48U/Kg )、 中剂量组 ( 0. 24U/Kg )、 低剂量组 (0. 12U/Kg), 阳性对照立上血组 (0. 24U/Kg) 和阴性对照灭菌注射用水 组。采用一次尾静脉注射给药方式,给药后 30min用非常锋利的剪刀在小 鼠尾尖部向上约 lcm处快速剪断尾部,并立即用秒表记时, 同时不断用滤 纸吸流出的血液。 从剪尾开始至出血停止这段时间即为小鼠剪尾出血时 间。 采用 SPSS8. 0统计软件进行分析, 检验方法为 t检验。 结果见表 1。 低高中
齐弃齐
表 1 结果量量量显示: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶高剂量组 (0. 48U/Kg )、 中剂量组
(0. 24U/Kg)、 低剂量组 (0. 12U/Kg), 能明显縮短小鼠剪尾出血时间, 阳 性药物立止血也能明显缩短小鼠剪尾出血时间,尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶三个剂量 组及立止血组与阴性对照灭菌注射用水组相比较, 均有显著性差异
(P〈0. 01 )。 表 1 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对小鼠剪尾出血时间的影响 (n=10,X±SD)
\ 剂量 (u/Kg) 出血时间 (s)
灭菌注射用水组 62. 44± 10. 87
立止血组 0. 24 40. 70 ± 10. 74" 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶
0. 48 32. 79 ± 10. 55"
0. 24 34. 35 ± 11. 25**
0. 12 37. 52± 10. 78" 注: 与灭菌注射用水组比较 **P〈0. 01
实施例 2. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对兔耳缘静脉出血时间的影响: 将 30只健康日本大耳白兔按体重随机分成 5组, 每组 6只, 雌雄各 半, 5组为:尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶高剂量组(0. 16U/Kg)、中剂量组(0. 08U/kg) 低剂量组(0. 04U/kg),阳性对照立止血(0. 04 U/kg) 和阴性对照灭菌注 射用水组。 3个尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶组和立止血组均按试验设计剂量采用一次 兔耳缘静脉注射给药, 阴性对照给予等体积灭菌注射用水。 给药 30min 后将已剪毛消毒的兔耳尖部的耳缘静脉区用一次性采血针穿刺耳缘静脉, 自创面出血后开始记时,每隔 20秒用滤纸条轻轻蘸吸直至血液不再渗出, 即滤纸条上不再沾有血迹为止, 记录从出血开始直至出血停止时的时间, 为出血时间。 进行统计学分析。 结果见表 2。 表 2结果显示: 尖吻蝮蛇凝 血酶高剂量组(0.16U/Kg)、中剂量组(0.08U/kg)、低剂量组(0.04U/kg) , 能明显缩短兔耳缘静脉出血时间,阳性药物立止血组也能明显地缩短兔耳 缘静脉出血时间,尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶高、中剂量组及立止血组与阴性对照灭 菌注射用水组相比较, 均有显著性差异 (P〈0.01), 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶低剂 量组与阴性对照灭菌注射用水组相比较, 有显著性差异 (P<0.05)。
表 2 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对兔耳缘静脉出血时间的影响(n=6,X土 SD) 组别 剂量(U/Kg) 出血时间 (min) 灭菌注射用水组 6.11 + 0.74
立止血组 0.04 3.68 ±0.48
尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶
高剂量组 0.16 2.99 ±0.42*' 中剂量组 0.08 3.27±0.44"
低剂量组 O04 3.86 ±0.48"
注: 与灭菌注射用水组比较 **P<0.01,*P<0.05
实施例 3. 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对兔全血凝固时间的影响:
将 24只健康日本大耳白兔按体重随机分成 4组, 每组 6个, 即尖吻 蝮蛇凝血酶高剂量组 (0.16U/½)、 中剂量组 (0.08U/kg)、 低剂量组 (0.04U/kg) 和立止血组 (0.04U/kg)。 首先测定每只兔的正常凝血时间 作为自身空白对照,然后,按试验设计给药剂量采用一次兔耳缘静脉给药, 分别给药后 5min、 30min、 lh、 3h、 6h、 12h和 24h, 用一次性采血针穿 刺兔耳中动脉, 采 lml血置入消毒的玻璃试管中, 将玻璃试管放在 37°C 水浴箱中, 并记录时间。然后倾斜试管观察血液是否凝固, 直至血液不再 流动全部凝固为止。 其判断终点为: 将试管倾斜 90度时, 血液不再流动 为止。
从加入血液置入试管开始至血液达到凝固终点的时间为全血凝周时 间。 并将给药后各时间点与给药前相比较, 采用 SSPS8. 0统计软件进行 t 检验。 结果见表 3。 表 3结果显示: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶后 30min、 lh、 3h、 6h、 和 12h, 三个剂量组均能明显地缩短兔全血凝固时间。 立止血在给药 后 30min、 lh、 3h、 6h、 和 12h, 也能明显缩短兔全血凝固时间。
尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶对兔全血凝固时间 (s ) 的影响(n=6, X士 SD)
Figure imgf000012_0001
注: 与给药前比较 **P<0.01,*P<0.05 实施例 4. 注射用尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶粉针剂处方组成:
称取尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶原料药 (1000个单位的原料药) 和赋形剂右旋 糖酐 10g, 置于玻璃容器中, 加适量无菌注射用水溶解混匀后, 最终将无 菌注射用水加至 500ml。 用滤膜 (膜孔径 0. 22 μ η 过滤除菌后, 在洁净 室超静工作台分装, 每瓶含尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶 1个单位 (1 U/瓶)。 然后加 盖冻干用胶塞, 冷冻干燥后即得注射用尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶粉针剂。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶用作治疗出血性疾病的药物, 该酶是从尖吻 蝮蛇 (Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒中分离纯化的类凝血酶, 命名为尖吻蝮 蛇凝血酶(Haemocoagulase Acutus), 其特征是尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶可用于制 备治疗出血性疾病的药物。
2.根据权利要求 1 所述的尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶用作治疗出血性疾病的药 物,其特征是:所说的治疗出血性疾病包括治疗人的出血性疾病和家畜的 出血性疾病。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶用作治疗出血性疾病的药 物, 其特征在于: 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶是由两个亚基构成的糖蛋白, 以二硫键 连接, N末端 15个氨基酸序列的测定结果如下: A亚基: DCPSDWSSYEGHCYK; B 亚基: DCSSGWSSYEGHCYK; 分子量: 29076. IDa, 等电点为 5. 78, 含 1. 89%-1. 95%中性已糖。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶用作治疗出血性疾病的药 物, 其特征在于: 用尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶制备注射用制剂时, 取尖吻蝮蛇凝血 酶原料药和赋形剂右旋糖酐加注射用水溶解, 定容至一定体积,过虑除菌 后分装, 冷冻干燥后即得注射用尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶粉针剂; 在 pH 值为 4. 0-7. 0时活性稳定。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶用作治疗出血性疾病的药 物,其特征在于:尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶加适量药用辅料,可以制成滴剂、喷剂、 膏剂、 涂抹剂外用剂型。
PCT/CN2003/001048 2003-08-14 2003-12-08 Thrombine provenant de venin de agkistrodon acutus utilisee comme medicament pour traiter une hemorragie WO2005017139A1 (fr)

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WO2010034176A1 (zh) * 2008-09-27 2010-04-01 康辰医药股份有限公司 来自尖吻蝮蛇的类凝血酶

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CN102757948B (zh) * 2012-05-28 2014-02-05 广东瑞昇药业有限公司 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶及其分离方法
CN103893770B (zh) * 2012-12-26 2018-06-19 李和伟 一种冻干赋型制剂及其制备方法
CN105535949A (zh) * 2015-12-28 2016-05-04 重庆骑士医院 巴曲酶酵母发酵中药的方法
EP3572507A4 (en) * 2017-07-10 2020-01-15 Sun Yat-Sen University EXPRESSION METHOD FOR RECOMBINANT HAEMOCOAGULASE ACUTUS PROTEIN

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