WO2005014813A1 - 糖尿病改善薬のスクリーニングに利用できる新規蛋白質 - Google Patents
糖尿病改善薬のスクリーニングに利用できる新規蛋白質 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005014813A1 WO2005014813A1 PCT/JP2004/011585 JP2004011585W WO2005014813A1 WO 2005014813 A1 WO2005014813 A1 WO 2005014813A1 JP 2004011585 W JP2004011585 W JP 2004011585W WO 2005014813 A1 WO2005014813 A1 WO 2005014813A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4713—Autoimmune diseases, e.g. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, rheumathoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus; Autoantigens
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
Definitions
- Novel proteins that can be used for screening diabetes-improving drugs
- the present invention relates to a method for screening a type 2 diabetes ameliorating drug.
- Novel polypeptides that bind to C-Cbl and polynucleotides that encode the polypeptides are novel polypeptides that bind to C-Cbl and polynucleotides that encode the polypeptides
- the present invention also relates to a promoter for controlling the expression level of the polypeptide, the polynucleotide or an expression vector containing the promoter, and a transformed cell containing the expression vector. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of the polypeptide, promoter, expression vector and / or transformed cell for screening a drug for improving type 2 diabetes. Background art
- Insulin is secreted by the three cells of the islets of Langerhans, and acts mainly on muscles, liver and fat to lower blood sugar levels by taking up and storing and consuming blood sugar in the cells. Diabetes is caused by this lack of insulin action, but there are two types of patients, type 1 that has impaired insulin production or secretion, and type 2 that makes it difficult for insulin to promote glucose reduction. I do. In all patients, blood glucose levels are higher than in healthy individuals, but type 1 absolutely lacks blood insulin, whereas type 2 promotes uptake or consumption of blood glucose by cells despite the presence of insulin Insulin resistance is not produced. Type 2 diabetes is a so-called lifestyle-related disease caused by overeating, lack of exercise, and stress in addition to genetic predisposition.
- insulin injections are prescribed for the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes.
- hypoglycemic drugs prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes in addition to insulin injections, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs that act on beta cells in the swelling to stimulate insulin secretion
- SU agent a biguanide hypoglycemic agent that acts to increase sugar utilization and suppress gluconeogenesis by anaerobic glycolysis, and to suppress intestinal absorption of sugar, and also delays digestion and absorption of carbohydrates
- ⁇ _Darcosidase inhibitors are known. Although these improve insulin resistance indirectly, thiazolidine derivatives have recently been used as drugs that directly improve insulin resistance. Its effect is to promote the uptake of bran into cells and the utilization of sugar in cells. This thiazolidine derivative is a peroxisome proliferator activated j
- PPAR y has been shown to act as an agonist (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- thiazolidine derivatives are known not only to improve insulin resistance but also to cause edema (see Non-Patent Documents 2-3). Since the onset of this edema is a serious side effect that causes cardiac hypertrophy, a more useful drug discovery target alternative to PPAR y is required to improve insulin resistance.
- Insulin action signals are transmitted into cells via insulin receptors on the cell membrane. There are two pathways for insulin action, the first and second.
- Non-Patent Document 4 the activated insulin receptor goes through IRS-1 and IRS-2, PI3 kinase, PDK1 to Aktl (PKB ⁇ ) or Akt2 (PKBj3), or PKC or PKC sequentially. A signal is transmitted, and as a result, glucose transporter GLUT4 present in the cell is transferred to the cell membrane, thereby promoting the uptake of sugar from outside the cell (see Non-Patent Document 5).
- signals are sequentially transmitted from the insulin receptor to CrK II, C3G, and TC10 via C-Cbl and CAP, thereby promoting the uptake of sugar by GLUT4 (Non-patent Document 6). reference).
- these insulin signaling pathways particularly how these signals ultimately promote glucose transporter-mediated glucose uptake by cells. Not obvious.
- c-Cbl is a signaling mediator present on the insulin signaling alternative pathway and is a proline-rich 120 kDa cytoplasmic protein.
- C-Cbl is transiently phosphorylated on tyrosine by insulin stimulation, and has various signaling components with SH2 and SH3. Meet with the child.
- CAP Cbl associated protein
- CAP Cbl associated protein
- This CAP-Cbl complex promotes the transfer of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the cell membrane via the Crk II-C3G complex and TC10 in response to insulin signal. It has been reported that CAP deficient in SH3, which is a domain binding to c-Cbl, does not affect PI3 kinase activity, but inhibits cellular uptake of glucose (see Non-Patent Document 8). It is also known that the expression of CAP is enhanced by a thiazolidine derivative which is an agonist of PPAR v that improves insulin resistance.
- c_Cbl is a signaling mediator that acts on glucose uptake into cells through binding to CAP, and that inhibition of its function blocks insulin signals downstream from CAP and causes insulin resistance.
- C-Cbl-mediated insulin signal transduction is inhibited by some mechanism in cells of type 2 diabetic patients with insulin resistance (see Non-Patent Document 9).
- a molecule that directly interacts with C-Cbl and negatively regulates activities involved in insulin signaling has not been known so far.
- Non-Patent Document 1 "The Journal of Biological Chemistry” J, (USA), 1995, Vol. 270, p. 12953-12956
- Non-Patent Document 2 "Diabetes Frontier
- Non-Patent Document 3 “Diabetes Frontier"
- Non-patent document 4 “The Journal of Clinical Investigation”, (USA), 2000, Vol. 106, No. 2, p. 165 -169
- Non-Patent Document 5 "The Journal of Biological Chemistry” J, (USA), 1999, Vol. 274, No. 4, p. 1865-1868
- Non-Patent Document 6 “Nature”, (UK), 2001, Vol. 410, No. 6831, p. 944-948
- Non-Patent Document 7 "Molecular and Cellular Biology” J (United States), 1998, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 872-879
- Non-Patent Document 8 "The Journal of Biological Chemistry” J, (USA), 2001, Vol. 276, No. 9, p. 6065-6068
- Non-Patent Document 9 The Journal of Biological Chemistry J, (USA), 2000, Vol. 275, No. 13, p. 9131-9135.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for screening a type 2 diabetes ameliorating drug.
- the present inventors identified a protein that binds to c-Cbl using the yeast two-hybrid system.
- c- protein human Certified Business Analysis Professional 4 0 bound to Cbl found (Cbl associated protein 40)
- expression of the gene encoding the protein is localized in skeletal muscle, which is one of the insulin response tissue Revealed that
- mouse CbAP40 gene and protein were obtained and bound to c_Cbl.
- the expression level of the mouse CbAP40 gene was significantly increased in the muscle of diabetic model mice compared to normal individuals, and the overexpression of human CbAP40 gene in muscle-derived cells inhibited sugar uptake.
- the present inventors have clarified that the protein is a causative factor of diabetes mellitus, and provided a new screening tool for ameliorating type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the promoter region of the human CbAP40 gene was identified, and it was clarified that the transcription-inducing activity derived from the promoter was suppressed by a thiazolidin derivative known to improve insulin resistance. From these findings, it was clarified that suppressing transcription-inducing activity derived from the CbAP40 promoter can improve insulin resistance. Based on these findings, the promoter activity was specified. A screening system for substances with therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes was established. That is, the present invention relates to the following screening methods, polypeptides, polynucleotides, expression vectors containing the polynucleotides, cells transformed with the expression vectors, and uses thereof.
- nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 (ii) the nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 1364 to 3119 of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, or (iii) the SEQ ID NO: A polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by Nos. 2125 to 3119 of the nucleotide sequence represented by No.
- nucleotide sequence represented by the above (i) to (ii i) A polynucleotide having a promoter activity of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26, including a base sequence in which the base of SEQ ID NO: 2 is deleted, substituted, and Z or inserted
- the polynucleotide according to [1] comprising a nucleotide sequence obtained by deletion, substitution, insertion, addition or addition, and having the promoter activity of the polypeptide according to [1].
- a method for analyzing whether a test substance inhibits said binding is analyzed whether a test substance inhibits said binding.
- a method for screening a substance that inhibits binding of the polypeptide according to [5] to C-Cbl comprising:
- [7] A method for screening a type 2 diabetes ameliorating agent by the method according to [6].
- [8] In the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26, or the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26, 1 to 10 amino acids are deleted, substituted, and Z or A polypeptide comprising an inserted amino acid sequence, which binds to c-Cbl and inhibits sugar uptake by Z or overexpression.
- a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26.
- amino acids in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 26 comprising a deletion, substitution, insertion and Z or an added amino acid sequence, and binding to c-Cbl and Z or sugar by overexpression.
- the method for screening a type 2 diabetes ameliorating agent according to [3] or [7] further comprises a type 2 diabetes ameliorating effect analysis step.
- the type 2 diabetes improving agent obtained by the screening method of the present invention is particularly preferable as an insulin resistance improving agent and a Z or glucose metabolism improving agent.
- the screening tool for a type 2 diabetes mellitus ameliorating agent of the present invention is particularly preferable as a screening tool for an insulin resistance ameliorating agent and / or a bran metabolic ameliorating agent.
- sequence identical to the polypeptide of the present invention consisting of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 is not known.
- the sequence database GenPept Prior to the priority date of the present application (August 8, 2003), the sequence database GenPept has the same amino acid sequence as SEQ ID NO: 2 as accession number AK091037, which is one sequence of the polypeptide of the present invention.
- accession number AK044445 the amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO: 26, which is one sequence of the polypeptide of the present invention, as accession number AK044445 in the sequence database GenPept An amino acid sequence in which four amino acids have been substituted in the sequence and 103 amino acids have been added is listed.
- the accession number AK044445 describes on the database that the sequence of the polypeptide is putative.
- the present inventors have produced the polypeptide of the present invention for the first time, and have clarified for the first time that the enhanced expression of the polypeptide of the present invention and the interaction with c-Cbl are responsible for the pathology of diabetes. Further, the screening method of the present invention utilizing the binding between the polypeptide of the present invention and c-Cbl is a method first provided by the present inventors.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing expression of human CbAP40 in cultured cells. Lane 1 shows the case where the empty vector was introduced, and lane 2 shows the case where pcDNA-CbAP40 was introduced. Lane 3 shows the molecular weight marker.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram comparing the expression levels of CbAP40 gene in muscle tissues of normal mice C57BL / 6J and m + / m +, and muscle tissues of type 2 diabetes model mice KKAVTa and db / db.
- the vertical axis in the figure indicates the relative expression level in mouse muscle.
- the expression level in C57BL / 6J is shown as 1.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the amount of sugar uptake in muscle cells overexpressing CbAP40.
- the vertical axis in the figure indicates the amount of 2-dexoxy-D-glucose uptake (cpm).
- the horizontal axis in the figure shows the insulin concentration in the medium during the measurement. Closed bars show the results for muscle cells overexpressing CbAP40, and open bars show the results for muscle cells infected with control virus.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the transcription inducing activity 14 of the CbAP40 promoter and its inhibitory action by pioglitazone. Numerical values on the vertical axis in the figure indicate luciferase activity. The values on the horizontal axis in the figure indicate the concentration of pioglitazone ⁇ ⁇ 1).
- polypeptide of the present invention >
- polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2;
- amino acids are deleted, substituted, and Z or inserted amino acid sequence ''
- a polypeptide that inhibits sugar uptake by binding and / or overexpression to c_Cbl preferably inhibits sugar uptake by binding to and overexpression of C-Cbl polypeptide (hereinafter referred to as a human functional equivalent variant) );
- amino acids are deleted, substituted, and / Or imported amino acid sequence
- a polypeptide that binds to c-Cbl and / or inhibits glucose uptake by overexpression preferably, binds to c-Cbl and inhibits glucose uptake by overexpression
- mouse functionally equivalent variants (Hereinafter referred to as mouse functionally equivalent variants);
- the origin of the human or mouse functionally equivalent variant of the present invention is not limited to human or mouse.
- those derived from other vertebrates other than mice eg, rats, egrets, pomas, sheep, dogs, monkeys, cats, bears, pigs, chickens, etc.
- it is not limited to natural polypeptides, but can be genetically engineered based on the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26.
- artificially modified polypeptides are also included, natural polypeptides, in particular, vertebrate-derived polypeptides are more preferred.
- “Binds to c_Cbl” means that the polypeptide binds to c-Cbl (preferably a polypeptide encoded by GenBank accession number X57111). It can be confirmed by the following method whether or not “bond”. 'The cell expresses a part or the full-length region of the polypeptide to be examined for binding or a part or the full-length region of the polypeptide to be examined to which a tag such as GST, Flag or His is fused.
- the cells are preferably cells that respond to insulin, and more specifically, adipocytes, hepatocytes, or skeletal muscle-derived cells.
- the c-Cbl protein and the protein binding thereto can be concentrated from the cells by immunoprecipitation using an anti-C-Cbl antibody.
- the obtained c_Cbl and its concentrated protein concentrate are separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using a known method, and whether or not the polypeptide to be examined binds to C-Cbl by Western blotting using an antibody Can be confirmed.
- an antibody against the polypeptide to be examined prepared based on the polypeptide to be examined or a partial sequence thereof, or an antibody recognizing the above-mentioned tag can be used.
- Example 9 can be used to detect the binding between the polypeptide of interest and c-Cbl.
- “Inhibiting sugar uptake by overexpression” means that overexpression of a certain polypeptide inhibits sugar uptake as compared to the case where it is not overexpressed. Whether or not “inhibits sugar uptake” can be confirmed by the following method. Transform cells (eg, muscle cells L6 cells) with an expression vector containing a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of interest. Whether or not the polypeptide to be examined was highly expressed (overexpressed) in the cells by the transformation was determined by Western blotting using an extract of the cells and using an antibody capable of detecting the polypeptide to be examined. It can be confirmed by real-time PCR using primers or primers that specifically detect the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide to be examined.
- Whether the polypeptide under study inhibits bran uptake is determined by whether the polypeptide is over-expressed or not over-expressed, by using cells, and by the amount of Darcos taken up into cells. Can be confirmed by measuring. If the glucose uptake of the overexpressed cells is lower than that of the cells not overexpressing the target polypeptide, it can be determined that the target polypeptide inhibits glucose uptake by overexpression.
- the method described in Example 6 can be used to confirm whether the polypeptide to be examined has the ability to inhibit sugar uptake by overexpression.
- polypeptide of the present invention has been described.
- the polypeptide consisting of the amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26, and the human or mouse functionally equivalent variant of the present invention are collectively referred to as “ It is referred to as "the polypeptide of the present invention”.
- a protein that is a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 is a “human CbAP40 protein”
- a protein that is a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO: 26 is “mouse” CbAP40 protein ".
- polypeptide of the present invention a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26, or a human or mouse functionally equivalent variant, SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26 Most preferred is a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence represented by
- CbAP40 binds to C-Cbl (Examples 1 and 9) .
- the gene encoding human CbAP40 is highly expressed in muscle cells, the amount of sugar uptake is reduced. It was found to decrease (Example 6). Therefore, it is considered that CbAP40 interferes with the function of c-Cbl in insulin signaling, and a substance that inhibits the binding of the polypeptide of the present invention to C-Cbl is a substance that improves glucose uptake, that is, type 2 It turned out to be a diabetes improver.
- the polypeptide of the present invention is useful as a screening tool in a method for screening the above-mentioned binding inhibitor (that is, a drug for improving type 2 diabetes, especially a substance improving glucose uptake).
- a binding inhibitor that is, a drug for improving type 2 diabetes, especially a substance improving glucose uptake.
- a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a mouse CbAP40 protein and a polypeptide that is a mouse functionally equivalent variant (hereinafter, referred to as a mouse-type polynucleotide);
- nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 (2) the nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 1364 to 3119 of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, or (3) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 Or a polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by Nos.
- a polynucleotide containing a deleted, substituted, and / or inserted nucleotide sequence and having a promoter activity of a human CbAP40 protein or a polypeptide which is a human functional equivalent variant referred to as a promoter-type polynucleotide
- the mouse polynucleotide may be derived from any species as long as it encodes a mouse CbAP40 protein and a polypeptide that is a mouse functionally equivalent variant, and may comprise a nucleotide sequence encoding mouse CbAP40.
- Polynucleotides are preferred, and the polynucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 25 is most preferred.
- the promoter-type polynucleotides the most preferred is a polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by Nos. 2125 to 3119 of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3.
- the mouse-type polynucleotide includes any mutant as long as it encodes a mouse CbAP40 protein and a polypeptide that is a mouse functionally equivalent variant.
- the motor-type polynucleotide includes: (1) a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3,
- Naturally occurring variants non-naturally occurring variants
- Mutants having deletions, substitutions, additions and insertions are included.
- the above-mentioned mutation may be caused, for example, by a mutation in nature, but may also be made by artificially modifying it.
- the cause and means of mutation of the polynucleotide are not limited.
- an artificial means for producing the above mutant for example, a base-specific substitution method
- DNAs with the desired base substitutions can be obtained by their combination.
- non-specific bases in DNA molecules can be replaced by repeated PCR or by the presence of manganese ions in the reaction solution.
- the promoter-type polynucleotide of the present invention and the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention can be easily produced and obtained by general genetic engineering techniques based on the sequence information disclosed by the present invention. .
- polynucleotide encoding the promoter of the present invention and the polypeptide of the present invention can be obtained, for example, as follows, but is not limited to this method, and may be a known operation. I Molecular Cloning J LSambrook, J. Spring Harbor Laboratory Press ⁇ 1989, etc.].
- a method using PCR (2) a method using a conventional genetic engineering technique (that is, a method of selecting a transformant containing a desired amino acid from a transformant transformed with a cDNA library).
- a chemical synthesis method Each manufacturing method can be carried out in the same manner as described in W001 / 34785.
- the polynucleotide described in the present specification can be obtained by the procedure described in the above-mentioned Patent Document, “Embodiment of the Invention” 1) Method for producing protein gene a) First method for production. Can be manufactured.
- a human cell or tissue capable of producing the protein of the present invention includes, for example, human skeletal muscle. Extract mRNA from human skeletal muscle. Then, the mRNA is subjected to a reverse transcriptase reaction in the presence of a random primer or an oligo dT primer to synthesize a first-strand cDNA. Using the obtained first-strand cDNA, target gene Polymerase chain reaction using two types of primers
- PCR to obtain the polynucleotide of the present invention or a part thereof. More specifically, for example, a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention and / or the promoter-type polynucleotide of the present invention by the method described in Example 1, Example 7, or Example 8. Can be manufactured. ,
- the polymorphism of the present invention is carried out by the procedure described in the above-mentioned Patent Document “Embodiment of the Invention” 1) The method for producing a protein gene b) The second production method Polynucleotides encoding peptides and Z or the promoter-type polynucleotides of the present invention can be produced.
- a substance that suppresses the expression of the polypeptide of the present invention can be screened.
- the present inventors have reported that human CbAP40, which is one of the polypeptides of the present invention, inhibits sugar uptake (Example 6) and uses a thiazolidine derivative known to improve insulin resistance. The fact that the transcription-inducing activity derived from the promoter of the present invention is suppressed (Example 7) was made clear.
- the substance that suppresses the expression of the polypeptide of the present invention improves glucose uptake inhibition and is useful as a type 2 diabetes improving agent, particularly an insulin resistance improving agent and / or a glucose metabolism improving agent. Therefore, the promoter of the present invention can be used as a screening tool for a type 2 diabetes ameliorating drug, particularly an insulin sensitizing drug and a Z or glucose metabolism improving drug.
- polypeptide of the present invention for example, mouse CbAP40, can be produced by the mouse-type polynucleotide of the present invention.
- the present invention incorporates a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention.
- the present invention also includes a method for producing the polypeptide of the present invention, which comprises culturing cells transformed by an expression vector.
- the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention obtained as described above can be appropriately prepared by the method described in "Molecula, r Cl'oning Sambrook, J et al., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989" or the like. By ligating downstream of the promoter, the polypeptide of the present invention can be expressed in a test tube or a test cell. Specifically, by adding a polynucleotide containing a specific promoter sequence upstream of the initiation codon of the polypeptide of the present invention obtained as described above, a gene in a cell-free system using The polypeptide of the present invention can be expressed by transcription and translation.
- the polypeptide of the present invention can be expressed in the cell.
- cells having such a configuration incorporated into chromosome DNA may be obtained and used.
- eukaryotic and prokaryotic host cells can be transformed by reintegrating the fragment containing the isolated polynucleotide into an appropriate plasmid vector.
- the polypeptide of the present invention can be expressed in each host cell by introducing an appropriate promoter and a sequence relating to expression into these vectors.
- the host cell is not particularly limited as long as it can detect the expression level of the polypeptide of the present invention at the messenger RNA level or at the protein level. It is more preferable to use muscle-derived cells rich in endogenous CbAP40 as host cells.
- the vector of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains a desired polynucleotide.
- an expression vector obtained by inserting a desired polynucleotide into a known expression vector appropriately selected according to the host cell to be used can be mentioned.
- the cells of the present invention include, for example, transfecting a desired host cell with the expression vector. Can be obtained.
- a desired polynucleotide can be expressed by incorporating a desired polynucleotide into an expression vector pcDNA3.1 (Invitrogen) for mammalian cells.
- the transformed vector of the present invention can be produced by incorporating the expression vector into 293 cells using the calcium phosphate method.
- the desired transformed cells obtained above can be cultured according to a conventional method, and the culture produces the desired protein.
- the medium used for the culture various types commonly used depending on the host cells used can be appropriately selected.
- a medium obtained by adding G418 to a medium such as Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM) to which serum components such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) are added can be used.
- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Minimum Essential Medium
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- the polypeptide of the present invention produced in the cell can be detected, quantified, and further purified.
- the polypeptide of the present invention can be detected and purified by Western blotting or immunoprecipitation using an antibody that binds to the polypeptide of the present invention.
- an appropriate tag protein such as daltathione-S-transferase (GST), protein ⁇ , ⁇ -galatatosidase, maltose binding protein ( ⁇ )
- GST daltathione-S-transferase
- the polypeptide of the present invention can be detected by Western blotting or immunoprecipitation using an antibody specific to the tag protein, and purified using the tag protein. More specifically, it can be purified using a tag protein as follows.
- the polypeptide of the present invention (for example, the polypeptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26) can be obtained by combining a polynucleotide encoding them, for example, a vector to which a His tag is fused, and more specifically, for example, It is expressed in cultured cells by incorporating it into pcDNA3.l / V5-His-T0P0 (Invitrogen) or the like described in 1 or Example 8, and is obtained by removing the tag portion after purifying using the His tag. be able to.
- a polynucleotide encoding them for example, a vector to which a His tag is fused, and more specifically, for example, It is expressed in cultured cells by incorporating it into pcDNA3.l / V5-His-T0P0 (Invitrogen) or the like described in 1 or Example 8, and is obtained by removing the tag portion after purifying using the His tag. be able to.
- the human or mouse CbAP40 expression plasmids prepared using pcDNA3.l / V5-His-T0P0 in Example 1 or Example 8 were designed so that V5 and His tags were added to the C-terminal of CbAP40. Designed. This allows expression of CMP40 shown in Example 2 or Example 8 using those His tags.
- CbAP40 protein can be purified from the cultured cells. Specifically, according to a known method (Experimental Medicine Separate Volume, Experimental Method for Molecular Interaction of Proteins, page 32, Nakahara et al., 1996), the CbAP40 protein fused to His tag was extracted from the lysed cell extract with Ni 2+ -NTA.
- the polypeptide-expressing cells of the present invention cultured in a culture flask are removed by adding an appropriate amount of a buffer solution (for example, 1 ml), and thereafter, every minute. Separate the supernatant by centrifugation at 15,000 rpm for 5 minutes, add an appropriate amount (eg, 50 ⁇ M) of Ni 2+ -NTA-Agarose replaced with an appropriate buffer, and mix well.
- a buffer solution for example, 1 ml
- the buffer for example buffer B (8 M Urea, 0. 1 M Na 2 HP0 4, 0. 1 M NaH 2 P0 4, 0. 01 M Tris-HCl pH8. 0) can be used.
- the His tag in the purified protein molecule can be designed, for example, by fusing the His tag to the N-terminal side.
- the protein can be purified by a method not using a tag protein, for example, by various separation procedures utilizing the physical and chemical properties of a protein comprising the polypeptide of the present invention. Specific examples include the use of ultrafiltration, centrifugation, gel filtration, adsorption chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography.
- the polypeptide of the present invention can be produced by a general chemical synthesis method according to the amino acid sequence information shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26. Specifically, a peptide synthesis method by a liquid phase and a solid phase method is included. In the synthesis, amino acids may be sequentially linked one by one, or a peptide fragment consisting of several amino acids may be synthesized and then linked.
- the polypeptide of the present invention obtained by these means can be purified according to the various methods described above. ⁇ Expression vector and cell of the present invention>'''''
- the expression vector of the present invention includes an expression vector containing the mouse polynucleotide of the present invention, and an expression vector containing the promoter polynucleotide.
- the cells of the present invention include cells transformed with an expression vector containing the mouse-type polynucleotide of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as mouse-type polynucleotide-expressing cells), and cells transformed with an expression vector containing the promoter-type polynucleotide. Transformed cells
- the cells of the present invention include cells transformed with an expression vector containing a mouse polynucleotide or cells transformed with an expression vector containing a promoter polynucleotide, which express a mouse polynucleotide. Or a cell expressing the promoter activity of the promoter-type polynucleotide.
- the mouse-type polynucleotide-transformed cell or promoter-transformed cell of the present invention can be produced by incorporating the mouse-type polynucleotide or promoter-type polynucleotide of the present invention into a host cell appropriately selected according to the purpose. It is preferable to produce by incorporating the mouse-type polynucleotide or the promoter-type polynucleotide of the present invention into a betater appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the present invention is applied to a vector into which a reporter gene such as luciferase has been incorporated. It is preferable to incorporate the promoter-type polynucleotide of the present invention.
- the reporter gene fused to the promoter region is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used reporter gene, but is preferably an enzyme gene or the like that is easily quantitatively measured.
- the reporter gene may be functionally fused to the promoter-type polynucleotide of the present invention.
- the objective is to construct a screening system for a substance that regulates the promoter activity of the present invention, it is preferable to use cells derived from mammals (eg, human, mouse or rat) as the cells, More preferably, human-derived cells are used.
- mammals eg, human, mouse or rat
- Mouse-type polynucleotide-transformed cells can be used to produce the polypeptide of the present invention.
- the expression vector and the cell of the present invention can be obtained by the screening method of the present invention (for example, a screening method for a substance that regulates promoter activity (Example 7)), a screening method utilizing the binding of the polypeptide of the present invention to c-Cbl. ), And is useful as a tool for the screening.
- the present invention includes (1) a polypeptide of the present invention, a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention, a promoter-type polynucleotide of the present invention, a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention, or a polynucleotide of the present invention.
- a type 2 diabetes mellitus improving drug screening tool consisting of cells transformed with an expression vector containing a promoter-type polynucleotide,
- polypeptide of the present invention (2) a polypeptide of the present invention, a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention, a promoter-type polynucleotide of the present invention, or a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention or the promoter-type polynucleotide of the present invention.
- the use of cells transformed with the expression vector for screening of a type 2 diabetes mellitus ameliorating agent is included.
- the term “screening tool” refers to a substance used for screening (specifically, a polypeptide, a polynucleotide or a cell used for screening).
- the “type 2 diabetes ameliorating drug screening tool” is used for screening a type 2 diabetes ameliorating drug (in particular, an insulin resistance ameliorating drug and a Z or glucose metabolism ameliorating drug) in the screening method of the present invention.
- Use of the polypeptide, polynucleotide or cell of the present invention for screening for a drug for improving type 2 diabetes is also included in the present invention.
- the analysis method or screening method of the present invention > They found that CbAP40, one of the polypeptides of the present invention, binds to c_Cbl (Examples 1 and 9), and that expression is increased in diabetic model mice (Example 5). It has been found that high expression of a gene encoding sucrose in muscle cells reduces the amount of sugar uptake (Example 6). Therefore, it was found that a substance that inhibits the binding of the polypeptide of the present invention to c-Cbl is a substance that improves bran uptake. It was revealed that the transcription-inducing activity derived from the promoter of the polypeptide of the present invention was suppressed by a thiazolidine derivative known to improve insulin resistance (Example 7). From this, it was found that a substance having a type 2 diabetes improving action (particularly a substance having an insulin resistance improving action and / or a glucose metabolism improving action) can be screened using the promoter activity as an index.
- a type 2 diabetes ameliorating effect comprising using the polypeptide of the present invention as a marker for a change in the interaction between the polypeptide of the present invention and the c-Cbl protein.
- a method of screening for a substance having an insulin resistance improving effect and / or a substance having a glucose metabolism improving effect comprising using the promoter type polynucleotide of the present invention and using the change in the promoter activity as an index. Screening method for a substance having an activity of improving the solubility and a substance having an activity of improving the sugar content).
- polypeptide used in the scripting of the present invention utilizing the interaction with the c-Cbl protein examples include the polypeptide of the present invention or a homologous polypeptide.
- a homologous polypeptide consisting of an amino acid sequence having 90% or more homology with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26 and being a protein that binds to C-Cbl Called.
- the homologous polypeptide herein is an amino acid sequence having 90% or more homology with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26, and a polypeptide that binds to c-Cbl
- the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 26 is preferably, but not limited to, 95% or more, and more preferably 98% or more, as long as Polypeptides consisting of amino acid sequences are preferred.
- the polypeptide that can be used for the screening of the present invention ie, the polypeptide of the present invention and the homologous polypeptide
- a screening polypeptide ie, the polypeptide of the present invention and the homologous polypeptide.
- the analysis method or screening method of the present invention includes the following methods.
- ⁇ 1> (1) a step of contacting a cell expressing the promoter of the present invention with a test substance
- a method for screening for a substance that suppresses the expression of a polypeptide of the present invention or a drug for ameliorating type 2 diabetes comprising:
- a step of detecting the binding between the polypeptide and c-Cbl A method for analyzing whether a test substance inhibits said binding.
- a method for screening a substance that inhibits binding between the polypeptide for screening of the present invention and c-Cbl or a drug for ameliorating type 2 diabetes comprising:
- the reporter gene Atsusei (Tamura et al., Transcription Factor Research, Yodosha, 1993) is a method for detecting the regulation of gene expression using the reporter gene expression as a marker.
- the regulation of gene expression is controlled by a part called the promoter region located in the 5 'upstream region, and the gene expression level at the transcription stage can be estimated by measuring the activity of this promoter.
- the test substance activates the promoter, it activates the transcription of a reporter gene located downstream of the promoter region.
- the promoter activating action ie, the expression enhancing action, can be detected by replacing it with the reporter gene expression.
- the effect of the test substance on the regulation of the expression of the polypeptide of the present invention can be detected by replacing the expression of the reporter gene with the reporter gene using the promoter-type polynucleotide of the present invention.
- the “reporter gene” fused to the promoter-type polynucleotide (for example, a sequence consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3) of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used one. An easy enzyme gene is preferred.
- CAT clonal ramphenicol acetyltransferase gene
- Luc luciferase gene
- GFP green fluorescent protein gene
- the reporter gene may be functionally fused to the promoter-type polynucleotide of the present invention.
- the screen Jung can be performed by the method described in the seventh embodiment.
- test cells expressing a part or the full length region of the screening polypeptide of the present invention are untreated or treated with a test substance.
- the test cells are preferably cells that respond to insulin, and more specifically, adipocytes, hepatocytes, or skeletal muscle-derived cells.
- the c_Cbl protein and the protein binding thereto can be concentrated from the cells by immunoprecipitation using an anti-c-Cbl antibody.
- the same test substance obtained by treating the cells be contained in the reaction solution.
- the resulting concentrated solution of c-Cbl and its binding protein was separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis according to a known method, and the amount of the polypeptide for screening was determined by Western blotting using an antibody.
- a test substance that inhibits the binding between the screening polypeptide and c-Cbl can be selected.
- an antibody against a screening polypeptide or a screening polypeptide prepared based on a partial sequence thereof for example, an anti-CbAP40 antibody
- an antibody recognizing the above tag is used. be able to. '
- a test substance that inhibits the binding of c_Cbl to the screening polypeptide can be selected. it can.
- known spot western blotting is performed without using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By doing so, it is possible to screen a large number of test substances.
- c_Cbl and c_Cbl were also determined according to a known ELISA method comprising adding a test substance to a lysate of cells that simultaneously expressed a screening polypeptide expressed by fusing the same tag as described above and c-Cbl. Screening is possible to select a test substance that inhibits binding of the screening polypeptide.
- screening was performed by fusing c-Cbl fused to the DNA binding region of GAL4 on the bait and fusion-promoting region of VP16 on the play side.
- test substance used in the screening method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include commercially available compounds (including peptides) and various known compounds (including peptides) registered in a chemical file.
- a group of compounds obtained by combinatorial chemistry technology (N. Terrett et al., Drug Discov. Today, 4 (1): 41, 1999), culture supernatants of microorganisms, natural components derived from plants and marine organisms, An animal tissue extract or a compound (including a peptide) obtained by chemically or biologically modifying a compound (including a peptide) selected by the screening method of the present invention can be used.
- the analysis of the type 2 diabetes ameliorating effect can be carried out by using a method known to those skilled in the art or a modified method thereof.
- the compound selected by the screening method of the present invention is continuously administered to a diabetic model animal, and the blood glucose lowering effect is checked as needed according to a conventional method, or the blood glucose-lowering effect after an oral bran load test.
- the presence or absence of the type 2 diabetes ameliorating effect can be determined.
- insulin resistance in humans can be measured, and the improvement in type 2 diabetes can be analyzed using the improvement in the value as an index. Insulin resistance has been measured in humans in two main ways.
- glucose tolerance test in which a glucose solution is orally administered to determine the clearance rate from the blood circulation. More accurate Tests include euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. This test uses the principle that insulin and glucose in blood are maintained at a constant concentration, and measures the total amount of glucose administered and the insulin concentration used for metabolism over time. Is what you do.
- the expression level of the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention can be examined, and the expression level can be determined.
- Diabetes can be diagnosed using an increase in the amount (preferably, the expression level in skeletal muscle) as an index.
- stringent conditions means conditions under which non-specific binding does not occur. Specifically, 0.1% SLA containing 0.1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) (Saline-sodium citrate buffer) solution, and means that the temperature is 65 ° C.
- a DNA having a sequence of at least a part or all of the polynucleotide of the present invention (or a complementary sequence thereof) and a chain length of at least 15 bp is used.
- the probe described above is brought into contact with a test sample, and a polynucleotide (for example, mRNA or cDNA derived therefrom) encoding the polypeptide of the present invention is conjugated with a known probe. Diagnosis can be detected by analysis using an analysis method (for example, Northern printing). Further, the above-described probe can be applied to a DNA chip to analyze the expression level. If the amount of the conjugate, that is, the amount of the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention is higher than that in a healthy person, it can be determined that the patient has diabetes.
- a method of measuring the expression level of the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention a method of measuring the expression level by detecting the polypeptide of the present invention is possible.
- a detection method include, for example, Western blotting using an antibody that binds a test sample to the polypeptide of the present invention, preferably an antibody that specifically binds to the polypeptide of the present invention, and immunoprecipitation. Method, ELISA method, etc. Rukoto can.
- the polypeptide of the present invention can be used as a standard amount.
- the polypeptide of the present invention is useful for preparing an antibody that binds to the polypeptide of the present invention.
- the amount of the polypeptide of the present invention is higher than that in a healthy person, it can be determined that the patient has diabetes.
- the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
- the method can be carried out according to a known method (“Molecular Cloning J Sambrook, J et al., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989, etc.”). Can be carried out according to the instructions for commercial products.
- SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 5 (5 'side) designed with reference to the cDNA sequence encoding the full length region of mouse c-Cbl described in accession number X57111 of the gene database GenBank, and SEQ ID NO: 6 and Heat denaturation at 95 ° C for 3 minutes using DNA oligonucleotide (Pyrobest DNA Polymerase, Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) with the oligonucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 (3 'side) as primer and mouse skeletal muscle cDNA as type I Thereafter, PCR was performed 40 times at 98 ° C. for 10 seconds, 60 ° C. for 30 seconds, 74 ° C.
- the above mouse c-Cbl cDNA was inserted into a yeast two-hybrid expression vector using homologous recombination in accordance with the method described in Example 2 (2) of Patent Document ( ⁇ 003 / 0 ⁇ 2427).
- the primers shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO: 9 were designed, and these were used to sequence the 40-mer sequence required for homologous recombination by PCR using the above mouse c-Cbl cDNA as type II.
- the associated C-Cbl cDNA fragment was obtained.
- Example 2 (2) of Endo et al. After confirming the sequence of the expression vector prepared by homologous recombination according to the method of Patent Document Example 2 (2) of Endo et al., The human skeletal muscle library was subjected to the same method as in Example 2 (3). Interaction factors were screened from among them. Yeast cells expressing a protein that binds to c-Cbl were identified, and a library-derived plasmid was extracted from the cells. The nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment contained therein was determined according to the method described in Example 2 (2), and as a result, the 934th to 1101st nucleotides at the 3 'end of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 were determined.
- This clone has a DNA sequence encoding a protein containing the net 55 amino acids at the carboxyl terminal side of the polypeptide shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and expressed a fusion protein containing the 55 amino acid polypeptide in yeast.
- the polypeptide shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 was shown to be a protein having the ability to bind to c_Cbl at the 55-amino acid moiety on the carboxyl terminal side.
- PCR reaction is DNA polymerase (TAKARA LA Taq; Using Takara Shuzo, a cycle of 94 ° C (3 minutes) followed by a cycle of 94 ° C (30 seconds) '58 ° C (1.5 minutes) ⁇ 72 ° C (4 minutes) was repeated 35 times.
- PCR was performed under the same conditions using the PCR product as a type III. As a result of separating the PCR product by agarose gel electrophoresis, it was confirmed that a DNA fragment of about 1200 base pairs was amplified.
- the same DNA fragment in the reaction solution was cloned into the expression vector (pcDNA3.1 / V5-His-TOP0; Invitogen) using the T0P0 TA Cloning system (Invitrogen).
- a primer T0P0 TA Cloning kit / Invitrogen; SEQ ID NO: 11
- a sequencing kit Applied Biosystem
- a sequencer ABS Biosystems
- a primer shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 was synthesized (Proligo Co., Ltd.), and using the primer and the primer shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, the cDNA encoding the net human CbAP40 protein was synthesized as described above.
- the plasmid obtained in (3) was amplified as a type I plasmid by PCR.
- Each of these two types of DNA primers has a nucleotide sequence homologous to the partial sequence on the 5 ′ side or 3 side of the CbAP40 gene shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the PCR reaction was performed using 98 ° C (1 minute), 98 ° C (5 seconds), 55 ° C (30 seconds) and 72 ° C (5 minutes) using Pyrobest DNA Polymerase (Takara Shuzo). The cycle was repeated 35 times. As a result of separating the PCR products by agarose gel electrophoresis, it was confirmed that a DNA fragment of about 1.1 kbp was amplified. Therefore the same DNA fragment originating expression vector in the reaction solution (p C DNA3 1 / V5- His- TOP0;. Invitrogen) was supplicant cloned using T0P0 TA Cloning System (Invitrogen) to. Use this time The primer shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 was cloned into a vector-derived V5 epitope (cloned from the V protein of paramyxovirus SV5, Southern JA,
- the 1101 base pair human CbAP40 cDNA encoding the net human CbAP40 protein shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 was converted to the above-described expression vector pcDNA3.1 / V5-His as DNA excluding the 3 'stop codon of the DNA sequence. -Confirmed that T0P0 has been purchased.
- this expression plasmid is abbreviated as pcDNA-CbAP40.
- the expression plasmid pcDNA-CbAP40 or empty vector (pcDNA3.1) (Invitrogen) prepared in Example 1 (4) described above was introduced into 293 cells. 293 cells were plated on a 6-well culture plate (35 mm in diameter) in 2 ml of 10% fetal bovine serum.
- DMEM minimal essential medium DMEM (Gibco) containing (Sigma) was added, and the cells were cultured until they reached 70% confluence.
- the cells were treated with pcDNA-CbAP40 (3.0 ⁇ g / well) by the calcium phosphate method (Graham et al., Virology, 52, 456, 1973; Naoko Arai, Gene Transfer and Expression / Analysis Methods 13-15, 1994). ) was transiently introduced. After culturing for 30 hours, the medium is removed, the cells are washed with a phosphate buffer solution (hereinafter abbreviated as PBS), and then 0.1 ml of a cell lysate (100 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.8)) is used per well. ), 0.2% Triton X-loo) was applied to the cells to lyse the cells.
- PBS phosphate buffer solution
- Triton X-loo 0.2% Triton X-loo
- a monoclonal antibody recognizing V5 epitope fused to the C-terminus of CbAP40 was used, and as a secondary antibody, a rabbit IgG-HRP fusion antibody (Bio-Rad) was used.
- a CbAP40-V5-His6 fusion protein consisting of a total of 411 amino acids including a C-terminal tag consisting of 45 amino acids, and a protein of about 45 kDa, which depends on cell introduction of the expression vector pcDNA_CbAP40 It was confirmed that it was detected. This revealed that the above-mentioned human CbAP40 gene cloned in cultured cells certainly expressed the full-length region and could have a stable structure as a protein.
- the pcDNA-CbAP40 prepared in Example 1 was used using the primers shown in SEQ ID NOS: 33 and 34.
- a PCR reaction was performed as type III, and a DNA fragment was prepared by adding a restriction enzyme BamHI site to the 5 'end of the CbAP40 gene cDNA and a restriction enzyme Xhol site at the 3' end.
- the PCR reaction was performed using DNA polymerase (Pyrobest DNA Polymerase; Takara Shuzo) at 98 ° C (1 minute), 98 ° C (5 seconds), 55 ° C (30 seconds), and 72 ° C (5 minutes). The cycle was repeated 35 times.
- the DNA fragment was enzymatically treated with BamHI and Xhol, and recombined into the BamHI and Xhol sites of pGEX-6P-1 to obtain an expression plasmid pGEX-CbAP40.
- GST protein a protein containing only the GST portion
- GST protein a protein containing only the GST portion
- GST protein was induced from E. coli BL21 transformed with pGEX-6P-1 and purified by the same method as described above.
- These purified proteins are separated by SDS gel electrophoresis according to known methods, and purified to obtain the expected molecular weight proteins (GST-CbAP40; 67 kDa, GST protein; 26 kDa) by Coomassie Prilian Blue staining. Confirmed that.
- the purified sample of the CbAP40 protein can be used for various purposes such as analysis of the interaction with C-Cbl and production of an antibody of the CbAP40 protein.
- the GST-pull down method (Experimental Studies, Vol. 3, No. 6, 1994 528) was used to determine the presence or absence of direct interaction with the c-Cbl protein according to the method described in Example 9 (3) below. It can be confirmed by Shichigozo Pinematsu). More specifically, using the c-Cbl cDNA as type II, TNT kit (TNT R Quick Coupled Transcription / Trans1 ation System; Promega) and radioisotope
- the PCR reaction uses Pyrobest DNA Polymerase (Takara Shuzo) at 98 ° C (1 ), A cycle of 98 ° C (5 seconds), 55 ° C (30 seconds), and 72 ° C (5 minutes) was repeated 35 times.
- the resulting PCR product was separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, and as a result, a DNA fragment of about 1100 base pairs, which was considered to be the desired human CbAP40 gene, was amplified from one of the cDNA libraries derived from skeletal muscle and knee.
- the nucleotide sequences of the DNA fragments were determined using the primers of SEQ ID NO: 12 according to the method described in Example 1 (4) above, and as a result, SEQ ID NO: 1 was confirmed to be the human CbAP40 gene shown in FIG. This indicates that the expression of the human CbAP40 gene is specifically controlled in very limited organs such as muscles and wrong muscles that respond to insulin signals.
- Example 5 Measurement of CbAP40 Expression Level in Normal Mice and Diabetic Model Mice From the above findings, it was found that the human CbAP40 protein of the present invention binds to c_Cbl and is expressed in insulin-responsive tissues such as skeletal muscle. Since c-Cbl protein is a factor that acts on the insulin signal pathway 2, it was expected that the action of CbAP40 of the present invention would be related to insulin resistance. Therefore, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of the CbAP40 gene in the muscles of normal mice C57BL / 6J and m + / m + and type 2 diabetes model mouse KKA y / Ta and db / db were measured.
- mRNA messenger RNA
- the gene expression level was corrected by measuring the expression level of the mouse CbAP40 gene of the present invention and simultaneously measuring the expression level of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) gene.
- G3PDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- PRISM TM 7700 Sequence Detection System and SYBR Green PCR Master Mix were used.
- the expression level of the target gene is determined by detecting and quantifying the amount of fluorescence of the SYBR Green I dye incorporated in the double-stranded DNA amplified by PCR in real time.
- the measurement was performed according to the following procedure.
- Reverse transcription from total RNA to single-stranded cDNA was performed using the reverse transcription reaction kit (Advantage TM RT-for-PCR Kit; Clontech), using 1 ⁇ g of each RNA prepared in (1). In a 20 ⁇ l system. After reverse transcription, 1801 of sterile water was added and stored at -20 ° C.
- SEQ ID NO: 13-SEQ ID NO: 16 Four oligonucleotides (SEQ ID NO: 13-SEQ ID NO: 16) were designed as primers for PCR described in (4).
- SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14 were used, and for the G3PDH gene, a combination of SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 16 was used.
- the expression level of the mouse CbAP40 gene in each sample was corrected with the expression level of the G3PDH gene based on the following equation.
- FIG. 1 In the comparison of the expression level in muscle tissue, the relative level with the expression level of C57BL / 6J mouse being 1 is shown in FIG.
- the figure shows the average soil SE.
- the symbol “*” in the figure indicates the evaluation in the Dunnett test, which means that the significant difference is p ⁇ 0.05. ing.
- the expression of the mouse CbAP40 gene of the present invention was found to be significantly increased in the muscle of a diabetic model mouse. It is also known that in humans, 75% of insulin-dependent sugar uptake into cells is performed in skeletal muscle. Therefore, CbAP40 of the present invention is considered to induce insulin resistance through enhanced expression in muscle, and it is concluded that CbAP40 is significantly involved in insulin resistance.
- results of this example revealed that the measurement of the expression level of CbAP40 can diagnose a diabetic condition.
- a human CbAP40 gene fragment was excised from the pcDNA-CbAP40 prepared in Example 1 using restriction enzymes ⁇ and Notl, and the vector pAdTrack-CMV (He T—C. Et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 95, 2509-2514, 1998).
- the human CbAP40 gene was subcloned (hereinafter, pAdTrack-CMV_CbAP40).
- pAdTrack-CMV_CbAP40 was recombined adenovirus vector P AdEasy_l in E. coli was digested with this restriction enzyme Pmel.
- the occurrence of the recombination was confirmed by the Pad digestion with restriction enzyme and agarose gel electrophoresis, which revealed a 4.5 kb gene fragment.
- the recombinant virus vector was prepared, digested with the restriction enzyme Pacl to form a single strand, and then transfected into 293 cells using Ribofectamine 2000 reagent (Invitrogen).
- the human CbAP40-high expressing virus was grown in large amounts in 293 cells and purified by density gradient centrifugation using the following salt and used in experiments.
- 293 cells infected with the human CbAP40 high expression virus were detached from a collagen-coated dish using a scraper, and collected by centrifugation at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes. After removing the medium, the 293 cells were suspended in PBS, and a process consisting of three steps of freezing using dry ice ethanol, thawing using a 37 ° C water bath, and vigorous suspension was repeated four times. By this operation, the virus multiplied in the cell comes out of the cell. The cell suspension was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant fraction was collected.
- a solution containing 43.9 g of NaCl, 3.7 g of KC1, 30.3 g of Tris, and 1.42 g of Na2HP04 per liter was prepared at a pH of 7.4 with HC1, and cesium chloride was dissolved therein.
- cesium chloride solutions having densities of 1.339, 1.368, and 1.377 were prepared.
- a cesium chloride solution with a density of 1.377 was overlaid on a cesium chloride solution with a density of 377, and the virus supernatant fraction collected earlier was further overlaid on the cesium chloride solution with a density of 1.339, using a Beckman SW41 rotor for 35,000. Ultracentrifuged at rpm for 1.5 hours.
- the band at the bottom contained the virus, which was collected with an 18-gauge syringe.
- This virus fraction was overlaid on a cesium chloride solution with a density of 1.368, and ultracentrifuged again at 35,000 rpm for 18 hours.
- the virus was collected with an 18-gauge syringe, transferred to a dialysis tube, and dialyzed with a dialysate (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM MgC12, 135 mM NaCl pH 7.5).
- L6 cells are suspended in ⁇ minimum essential medium (a MEM, Invitrogen) containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and placed in a collagen-coated 24-well plate (Asahi Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) at 1.6 ⁇ 10 5 cells / So that it became a hole. The next day, the medium was replaced with ⁇ MEM containing 2% FCS to induce differentiation of L6 cells into muscle, and three days later, the medium was replaced with 400 ⁇ l of the same medium. The next day, 1.6 x 10 1 human CbAP40-expressing adenovirus was added per well. It was added to the medium at the concentration of pfu. As a control was used adenovirus expressing only the e GFP.
- MEM fetal calf serum
- PCR conditions were 98 ° C (5 minutes), followed by 35 cycles of 96 ° C (30 seconds), 55 ° C (30 seconds), and 72 ° C (90 seconds). Then, the mixture was heated for 7 minutes at 72.
- a polynucleotide of about 3.1 kbp was successfully amplified.
- the DNA fragment obtained by this PCR was treated with restriction enzymes Xhol and BaraHI (Takara Shuzo) and ligated to a luciferase reporter vector (pGL3-Basic vector; Promega) similarly treated with restriction enzymes Xhol and Bglll.
- CbAP40 gene promotion Over consolidated reporter vector (pGL3- CbAP40p) was constructed.
- the 3.1 kbp polynucleotide inserted into the PGL3-CbAP40p was obtained by combining the primers shown in SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18 and the DNA primers shown in SEQ ID NOs: 19 and 20 that bind before and after the multiple cloning site of the pGL3-Basic vector. (Proligo) was used to partially determine the nucleotide sequence. Further, the full-length nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide was determined using four types of DNA primers (Proligo) shown in SEQ ID NOS: 21, 22, 23 and 24 designed based on the determined nucleotide sequence information. As a result, it was revealed that the polynucleotide was a 3119 bp polynucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
- the above-mentioned pGL3_CbAP40p was treated with the restriction enzyme Hindlll.Then, the plasmid was ligated by a ligation reaction, and the sequence from nucleotides 1231 to 3119 from the polynucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 was obtained. The removed plasmid pGL3-CbAP40p [1-1231] was produced.
- pGL3-CbAP40p was treated with restriction enzymes Smal and Hindlll to cut out a DNA fragment corresponding to nucleotides 1364 to 3119 of the polynucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the fragment was treated with restriction enzymes Smal and Hindlll to obtain pGL3_Basic.
- the vector was ligated to create pGL3_CbAP40p [1364-3119].
- pGL3-CbAP40p was subjected to a PCR reaction under the same conditions as those described in Example 7 (1) above using p-type as type III.
- DNA fragment containing bases 2125 to 3119 and a DNA fragment containing bases 2569 to 3119 of the polynucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 were extracted. These DNA fragments were treated with restriction enzymes Sacl and BamHI, respectively, ligated to pGL3-Basic vector similarly treated with restriction enzymes Sacl and Bglll, and pGL3-CbAP40p [2125_3119] and pGL3-CbAP40p [2569-3119] ] was constructed respectively.
- pGL3-CbAP40p [1-1231], pGL3-CbAP40p [1364-3119], pGL3-CbAP40p [2125-3119] and pGL3-CbAP40p [2569-3119] are all DNA plasmids represented by SEQ ID NOS: 19 and 20 described above.
- the nucleotide sequence of the imported sequence was determined using the immobilizer. As a result, it was confirmed that each of the plasmids had a partial fragment of the polynucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and contained a nucleotide sequence portion of the polynucleotide corresponding to the numerical value shown in parentheses of each plasmid name.
- the cells were transiently transfected with the pGL3-CbAP40p or pGL3-Basic Vector (0.8 g / well) using the ribofectamine method (LIP0FECTAMINE TM 2000; Invitrogen Corporation) according to the attached protocol. Transfected. Pioglitazone (pioglitazone, (+) -5- [4- [2- (5-ethyl-2-pyridinyl) ethoxy] benzyl] -2,4-thiazolidinedione) 0.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ or 1.0 ⁇ ⁇ Alternatively, add 10 ⁇ l to the medium, incubate for 24 hours, remove the medium, wash the cells with PBS, and wash 0.1 ml of cell lysate per well (100 mM potassium phosphate ( ⁇ 7.8), The cells were lysed by adding 0.2% Triton X-100). Pioglitazone was synthesized according to the method described in Japanese Patent No. 1853588. 100 ⁇ l of this cell lysate is added to Luciferase substrate solution ⁇ , ⁇ (Pikki Gene) Was added, and the amount of luminescence for 10 seconds was measured using an AB-2100 type chemiluminescence measurement device (Atokasha).
- Plasmid p CHllO (Amersham Pharmacy Biotech) with the -galatatosidase expression gene at the same time as the luciferase reporter gene ⁇ Co-transfer the ⁇ g nowell to the cells, and a ⁇ -galactosidase activity detection kit Using a Galacto-Light Plus TM system (Applied Biosystems),] 3-galactosidase activity was measured and numerically determined. The above-mentioned luciferase activity was corrected for each well as the transgene efficiency of the transgene.
- Fig. 4 shows the results.
- the figure shows the average soil SE.
- Significant promoter activity dependent on the presence of the upstream sequence of the human CbAP40 gene was confirmed. Furthermore, it was revealed that this promoter activity was suppressed by adding 0.1-10 ⁇ M of pioglitazone, a thiazolidine derivative, which is an insulin sensitizer.
- the same experiment was performed by replacing pGL3-CbAP40p with pGL3-CbAP40p [1-1231], pGL3-CbAP40p [1364-3119], pGL3-CbAP40p [2125-3119], or pGL3-CbAP40p [2569- 3119].
- promoter activity was detected, and the activity was suppressed by piodaritazone.
- pGL3_CbAP40p [2569-3119] was used, one activity of the promoter was detected, but the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone was not observed.
- pGL3-CbAP40p [l-1231] was used, no promoter activity was detected. Therefore, it was found that the expression of the promoter activity should include the nucleotide sequence at positions 2125 to 3119 of the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 3.
- SEQ ID NO: 3 a polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 1364 to 3119 and 2125 to 3119 of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 has a promoter sequence that controls human CbAP40 expression. It has been shown that this promoter is negatively regulated by PPARy ligands such as pioglitazone that reduce insulin resistance.
- the human Atsushi of human CbAP40 in this example can be used to screen for a PPARy ligand or an insulin sensitizer without using the PPARy protein or its response element.
- the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on the promoter activity is caused by the presence of the nucleotide sequence of Nos. 2125 to 2569 of SEQ ID NO: 3, as described above, the polynucleotide containing this sequence portion was converted to a polynucleotide other than CbAP40. Placing the gene upstream of a minimal length promoter sequence containing the TATA box required for transcriptional induction also allows PPAR7 ligand or insulin resistance without using the PPARy protein or its response element. It can be used to screen improving drugs.
- Compounds obtained by this screening method may include those having structural characteristics different from typical PPAR y ligands such as thiazolidine derivatives obtained by a conventional PPAR y protein-mediated screening method. That is, it is possible to obtain a type 2 diabetes mellitus ameliorating agent which does not have side effects such as edema and an increase in fat weight observed in the thiazolidine derivative.
- the nucleotide sequence of the resulting DNA fragment of about 1.4 kbp was determined in the same manner as in Example 1, and it was found that the full-length cDNA of the gene consisting of 1404 bp shown in SEQ ID NO: 25 was included. It was confirmed.
- the cDNA is a novel gene encoding the polypeptide shown in SEQ ID NO: 26.
- GenBank Marauder_172708 and AK044445 have a partially identical sequence to the novel gene, but have a different 3 ′ end of the cDNA, and the encoded polypeptide has a carboxyl-terminal length and sequence that is completely different. Different Molecule.
- the novel gene has almost the same C-terminal structure as human CbAP40, and 75.6% of the human CbAP40 gene shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the encoded polypeptide is human CbAP40 shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- mice CbAP40cDNA was cloned into pcDNA3.1-V5-T0P0 (Invitoguchi Gen) by the same method as described in Example 1 (4) above.
- PCR and vector recloning were performed using the primers shown in SEQ ID NOS: 29 and 27.
- the produced expression vector was named pcDNA-mCbAP40.
- mice CbAP40-V5-His6 fusion protein consisting of a total of 512 amino acids including the C-terminal tag consisting of 45 amino acids, and a protein of about 60 kDa, which depends on the cell transfer of the expression vector pcDNA-mCbAP40, was determined. It was confirmed that it was detected. This revealed that the mouse CbAP40 cloned in cultured cells certainly expressed the full-length region of the gene and could have a stable structure as a protein.
- the mouse C-Cbl cDNA obtained in Example 1 (1) was DNA oligo primers represented by SEQ ID NOs: 30 and 31 (Proligo The restriction enzyme EcoRV site and Xhol site were added to both ends of the cDNA at both ends by PCR reaction using E. coli. The PCR reaction was performed under the conditions described in Example 1 (1). This cDNA fragment was cut with the restriction enzymes EcoRV and Xhol, and the vector pGEX-6P-1 was cut with the restriction enzymes Smal and Xhol, respectively, to make it linear.
- pGEX_Cbl DNA ligase solution
- SEQ ID NO: 32 a nucleotide sequence was determined using a sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems) and a sequencer (ABI 3700 DNA sequencer Applied Biosystems), and the c-Cbl cDNA was determined. The one in which the coding region and the pGEX solid GST tag translation frame were inserted in agreement was selected.
- GST-Cbl was purified in the same manner as in Example 3 using the plasmid pGEX_Cbl obtained in (1) above.
- a protein containing only the GST portion (hereinafter abbreviated as GST protein) was induced from E. coli BL21 transformed with pGEX-6P-1 and purified in the same manner as described above. Separation by SDS polyatarylamide gel electrophoresis and Coomassie brilliant blue staining were performed according to a known method, and a protein having the expected molecular weight (GST-Cbl; 100 kDa, GST protein; 26 kDa) was detected. It was confirmed that it had been purified.
- Radioisotope-labeled human or mouse CbAP40 protein was prepared by transcription and translation in vitro. This human or mouse CbAP40 protein preparation solution (15 ⁇ 1) and GST protein purified on daltathione beads as described in (2) above were used. Alternatively, mix each or 1 ⁇ g of GST-Cbl with 0.3 ml of Buffer A (50 mM Tris-HCl).
- CbAP40 is a new novel molecule related to insulin signal.
- the polypeptide, polynucleotide, expression vector and cell of the present invention are useful for identifying and improving type 2 diabetes ameliorating drugs, particularly insulin sensitizing drugs or glucose metabolism improving drugs. ⁇ Useful for screen jing. By the screening method of the present invention, a type 2 diabetes ameliorating drug can be screened. Further, the polypeptide of the present invention and a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide are useful for diagnosing diabetes. , Sequence Listing Free Text
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP04771560A EP1652922A4 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2004-08-05 | NEW APPLICABLE PROTEIN FOR SCREENING TO A MEDICAMENT TO IMPROVE TYPE 2 DIABETES |
JP2005513016A JP4264904B2 (ja) | 2003-08-08 | 2004-08-05 | 糖尿病改善薬のスクリーニングに利用できる新規蛋白質 |
US10/547,365 US20070015155A1 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2004-08-05 | Novel protein usable in screening drug improving type 2 diabetes |
CA002517489A CA2517489A1 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2004-08-05 | Novel protein usable in screening drug improving diabetes |
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JP2003206948 | 2003-08-08 | ||
JP2003-206948 | 2003-08-08 | ||
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WO2005014813A1 true WO2005014813A1 (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
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US (1) | US20070015155A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1652922A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4264904B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2517489A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005014813A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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WO2007037482A1 (ja) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | The University Of Tokyo | 真核細胞におけるタンパク質-タンパク質相互作用を検出するためのキットと方法 |
WO2007141971A1 (ja) * | 2006-06-07 | 2007-12-13 | National University Corporation, Tokyo Medical And Dental University | 筋特異的チロシンキナーゼの活性を制御するポリペプチドをコードするdna |
Citations (1)
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JP2003135075A (ja) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-13 | Research Association For Biotechnology | 新規な全長cDNA |
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JP2003517302A (ja) * | 1999-11-12 | 2003-05-27 | ワーナー−ランバート・カンパニー、リミテッド、ライアビリティ、カンパニー | Cap遺伝子プロモーターのクローニングおよび特性解析 |
EP1308459A3 (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-07-09 | Research Association for Biotechnology | Full-length cDNA sequences |
-
2004
- 2004-08-05 JP JP2005513016A patent/JP4264904B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-05 WO PCT/JP2004/011585 patent/WO2005014813A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-08-05 EP EP04771560A patent/EP1652922A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-08-05 US US10/547,365 patent/US20070015155A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-08-05 CA CA002517489A patent/CA2517489A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2003135075A (ja) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-13 | Research Association For Biotechnology | 新規な全長cDNA |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
CHAING S.H. ET AL.: "Cloning and functional characterization of related TC10 isoforms, a subfamily of Rho proteins involved in insulin-stimulated glucose transport", J. BIOL. CHEM., vol. 277, 2002, pages 13067 - 13073, XP002904187 * |
See also references of EP1652922A4 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007037482A1 (ja) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | The University Of Tokyo | 真核細胞におけるタンパク質-タンパク質相互作用を検出するためのキットと方法 |
WO2007141971A1 (ja) * | 2006-06-07 | 2007-12-13 | National University Corporation, Tokyo Medical And Dental University | 筋特異的チロシンキナーゼの活性を制御するポリペプチドをコードするdna |
US8222383B2 (en) | 2006-06-07 | 2012-07-17 | National University Corporation, Tokyo Medical And Dental University | DNA encoding polypeptide capable of modulating muscle-specific tyrosine kinase activity |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2517489A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
EP1652922A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
JP4264904B2 (ja) | 2009-05-20 |
US20070015155A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
JPWO2005014813A1 (ja) | 2006-10-05 |
EP1652922A4 (en) | 2007-09-19 |
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