WO2005012863A2 - Capteur, dispositif et procede visant a mesurer la pression d’interface entre deux corps - Google Patents
Capteur, dispositif et procede visant a mesurer la pression d’interface entre deux corps Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005012863A2 WO2005012863A2 PCT/FR2004/002037 FR2004002037W WO2005012863A2 WO 2005012863 A2 WO2005012863 A2 WO 2005012863A2 FR 2004002037 W FR2004002037 W FR 2004002037W WO 2005012863 A2 WO2005012863 A2 WO 2005012863A2
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- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- pressure
- detector
- detection
- detection zones
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/42—Gynaecological or obstetrical instruments or methods
- A61B17/44—Obstetrical forceps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
- A61B2017/00022—Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods and devices for measuring the interface pressure between two bodies.
- British patent application GB 2 199953 describes a pressure measuring device comprising a cell consisting of an inflatable envelope having two opposite regions, the external faces of which are intended to come into contact respectively with the surfaces for which the aim is to measure the ' interface pressure. Electrical conductors arranged on the interior faces of said regions can come into contact when the pressure exerted on the envelope exceeds the pressure prevailing inside it.
- the invention relates to an interface pressure sensor between two bodies, which can be characterized in that it comprises at least two detection zones communicating with each other, each detection zone being formed inside an inflatable envelope intended to be interposed between said bodies and having two opposite regions whose spacing depends on the interface pressure between said bodies, each detection zone comprising a detector arranged to deliver a information related to the spacing between said regions.
- detection zones communicating with each other is meant detection zones linked together so as to allow a balance of the pressure of the fluid filling these detection zones, the fluid being able to circulate, if necessary, from a detection zone to the other.
- the invention it is possible to use to inflate the envelopes of all the detection zones a single source of fluid, which can make it possible to gain in compactness, reliability and to reduce the cost, in particular to the point of make it compatible with certain applications in which the sensor must be for single use.
- the invention makes it possible to produce sensors comprising a large number of detection zones, which offers the possibility of using these sensors for very diverse applications.
- the number of detection zones of a sensor can in particular be between 2 and 100, or several hundred depending on the application.
- At least one envelope of a detection zone can be produced at least partially in an elastically deformable material.
- the envelope of at least one detection zone may advantageously be made in a membrane, in particular made of elastomer, of small thickness, in particular having a thickness less than or equal to 1 mm, in particular less than or equal to 0.5 mm, or even of on the order of 0.1 mm, which has the particular advantage of allowing adaptation to a large number of bodies having varied geometries.
- At least one detection zone can have a geometry chosen so that the presence of the sensor between the two bodies does not appreciably modify the interface pressure existing between them.
- a detection zone can for example be, in top view, of circular, square, rectangular, or other shape.
- the opposite regions of the envelope may for example each have an extent less than or equal to 100 cm 2 , or even less than or equal to 10 cm 2 , in particular between 0.1 cm 2 and 1 cm 2 .
- the extent of one of the opposite regions of the envelope may be greater than that of the surface of the body with which it comes into contact.
- the detection zones can be arranged in different ways, for example linearly or in a two-dimensional, even three-dimensional network, depending for example on the geometry of the surface of the body against which they come to bear.
- a detection zone can comprise at least one common wall with at least one adjacent detection zone, this common wall possibly comprising at least one passage allowing the detection zones to communicate with each other.
- At least one detection zone may include a detector arranged to measure the spacing between the two opposite regions of the envelope of this detection zone, for example by delivering a signal proportional to this spacing
- At least one detector of at least one detection zone can be chosen from the following list: electric detector, in particular electric contact or capacitive detector, optical detector, in particular fiber optic, diffraction, optical focusing detector, magnetic detector, in particular induction detector, linear wire or coil, Hall effect, thermal detector.
- a detector may comprise two elements disposed respectively on each of the interior faces of the opposite regions of the envelope of the detection zone.
- An electrical contact detector may for example comprise at least two electrical conductors disposed respectively on each of the two interior faces of said opposite regions of the envelope of the detection zone. The information delivered by such a detector corresponds to the establishment of an electrical contact between the conductors or to the breaking of this contact.
- a capacitive detector comprises for example two electrodes arranged on each of the interior faces of the opposite regions of the envelope. The information delivered by this detector corresponds to the capacitance of the capacitor formed by these electrodes, which depends on the spacing of said regions. Such a detector can allow the measurement of the spacing between the regions.
- An optical fiber detector can comprise at least two optical fibers arranged for example on the interior faces of the two opposite regions of the envelope of the detection zone.
- An optical focusing detector has two optical fibers and an optical lens for concentrating the light beam, which makes it possible to obtain relatively precise information.
- a diffraction detector has a light emitter and receiver, and a diffraction element located in the space between the opposite regions. The light intensity received by the receiver is a function of the spacing between the regions.
- An induction detector comprises a coil or a linear wire emitting a magnetic field varying in time and a coil or a wire receiving this magnetic field, arranged respectively on each of the interior faces of the opposite regions of the envelope of the zone. detection.
- the information delivered by this detector corresponds to the electric voltage induced by one of the elements on the other, which depends in particular on the spacing of said regions.
- a Hall effect detector comprises a magnetic element and a Hall effect probe respectively disposed on each of the interior faces of the opposite regions of the envelope of the detection zone. Such a detector can make it possible to measure the spacing between said opposite regions.
- a thermal detector has at least one hot element and one temperature-sensitive detection element. The information delivered by this detector can correspond to the establishment or rupture of a thermal contact between the two elements.
- the detector associated with a detection zone can, in a particular embodiment, comprise a portion of an element which is common to several, or even to all the detection zones, and an element specific to this detection zone.
- an electrical contact detector associated with a detection zone may comprise a portion of an electrical conductor which is common to several, or even to all the detection zones, this conductor being for example connected to the electrical ground, and a electrical conductor specific to this detection zone.
- the information related to the spacing between the opposite regions of the envelope, delivered by the detector of a detection zone can be analog or digital, for example binary, and indicate for example if the two opposite regions of the envelope of this detection zone are substantially in contact with each other or not.
- the opposite regions of the envelope are in contact with each other, and the pressure inside the detection zone is lower than the interface pressure between the two bodies at the location of this detection zone.
- the opposite regions of the envelope are not in contact with each other, the pressure inside the detection zone is greater than the interface pressure between the two bodies at this point. location.
- the pressure inside the detection zone is substantially equal to the interface pressure between the two bodies, at the location of this detection zone. detection.
- the information delivered may correspond to the closing or not of the line. The information delivered by a detector is renewed each time the detector changes state.
- the information delivered is renewed each time the detector switches from the configuration where the electrical conductors are in contact, to the configuration where the electrical contact between the electrical conductors is open, the electrical conductors then being spaced from each other.
- the detector of a detection zone is preferably configured to substantially preserve the interface pressure between the two bodies and not to introduce stresses or shear forces which unduly disturb the result of the analysis.
- At least one detection zone may comprise a detector comprising an element, in particular an electrical conductor, not rectilinear, in particular an electrical conductor extending in a zigzag.
- this conductor may have a zigzag shape, so as not to do not introduce excessive shear forces or stresses, and thus do not modify the pressure between the bodies.
- the zigzag configuration of an electrical conductor can also make it possible to increase the sensitivity of the detector when the opposite regions of the envelope are brought together, by allowing several points of contact between the two conductors disposed respectively on these regions.
- the detection of contact between the conductors electrical can take place as soon as one of these points a contact will be established. If the opposite regions of the envelope are partially in contact with each other, contact may nevertheless be detected.
- the area .
- the contact may be provided with a conductive pad, for example Ag, Au or Be, intended to decrease its contact resistance and increase its durability.
- the electrical conductors can be produced for example by etching on a flexible support coated with a conductive metal.
- the sensor may include a fluid inlet common to all the detection zones of the sensor. This fluid can be a gas, for example air, nitrogen, argon or any biocompatible neutral medical gas, or a liquid, for example water, physiological saline, oil, or any neutral biocompatible biomedical fluid.
- the sensor may also include at least one fluid inlet external to the detection zones and serving each of them externally, so as in particular to allow all the detection zones to be more easily at substantially the same pressure at the same instant.
- the sensor can be arranged so that it can be completely sterilized, in particular by being brought to a temperature greater than or equal to 130 ° C.
- the envelope of each detection zone may advantageously be made of a heat-resistant plastic.
- the detection zones of the sensor can be fixed on a support, for example an elastomer support or an extensible textile support, of knitting type in particular.
- Another subject of the invention is, according to another of its aspects, a device for measuring interface pressure between two bodies, this device being able to be characterized by the fact that it comprises a sensor as defined above.
- Such a device may also include a pressure generator arranged to send a fluid under a pressure that varies over time into the detection zones of the sensor.
- the device can be arranged so that at a given instant, all the detection zones are at substantially the same pressure.
- the pressure generator can be arranged so as to vary the pressure according to a periodic, continuous, in particular sinusoidal function or a sawtooth function.
- the maximum pressure and the minimum pressure can correspond to the pressure respectively the largest and the lowest detected by two detection zones among all the detection zones. Alternatively, the maximum pressure and the minimum pressure can be predetermined.
- the pressure generator can be arranged so that the pressure varies around an average value which corresponds substantially to the interface pressure.
- the pressure device can be arranged to detect the last separation of the opposite regions of a detection zone from among all of the detection zones, and to then command the pressure generator to reduce the applied pressure. This reduces the duration of a cycle.
- the device may include a system for processing information delivered by the detector of at least one detection area, and preferably for processing information delivered by the detectors in the detection areas.
- the processing system can be arranged for example to determine, from information delivered by the detector of a detection zone, the interface pressure between the two bodies at a given instant, at the location of this zone. detection.
- Information delivered by a detector of a detection zone allows the processing system to update the interface pressure value at this instant and at the location of this detection zone.
- the processing system can also be arranged to establish a map of the interface pressures between the two bodies at a given instant.
- the processing system can be arranged to update this mapping, in particular as soon as a detector changes state.
- the updating of the cartography can alternatively take place at predefined time intervals, for example regular, in particular time intervals between 1 and 2 days following the application.
- the device can be arranged to limit the inflation rate of the detection zones and / or limit the amount of inflation fluid in the detection zones, in order to avoid damage to the latter.
- the device can also be arranged to detect a leak in one or more detection zones.
- the processing system can be arranged to detect at least one soft spot and / or one hard spot.
- soft spot is meant a location at the interface where the pressure is lower, for example by a factor of 2, or even 5 or 10, or even more, for example 30, than the average pressure exerted between the bodies.
- the pressure measured by a detection zone or a small number of detection zones between the two bodies is less than the pressures measured by the adjacent detection zones, in particular less than a predetermined threshold, this threshold being for example a function of the pressure measured by the adjacent detection zones.
- the average pressure exerted between the bodies is 0.03 bar
- the pressure at a soft point is 0.001 bar.
- a soft spot can also be detected by measuring a greater distance between the regions opposite the location of a detection zone than between the opposite regions of the envelopes of the adjacent zones.
- hard point is meant a location on the interface where the pressure is higher, for example by a factor of 2, or even 5 or 10, or even more, than the average pressure exerted between the bodies.
- the pressure measured by a detection zone or a small number of detection zones between the two bodies is greater than the pressures measured by the adjacent detection zones, in particular greater than a predetermined threshold, this threshold being for example a function of the pressure measured by the adjacent detection zones.
- the average pressure can for example be 0.03 bar and the pressure at a hard point of 0.4 bar.
- a hard spot can also be detected by measuring a smaller gap between the regions opposite to the location of a detection zone than between the opposite regions of the envelopes of the adjacent zones.
- a soft or hard point translates for example the presence of a surface irregularity or the presence of a predetermined organ in the case of a medical or obstetric application in particular.
- Another subject of the invention is a method for measuring the interface pressure between two bodies, this method possibly being characterized by the fact that it comprises the following steps: sensor as defined above, - send a fluid to the sensor detection zones and vary the pressure inside the detection zones, determine the interface pressure between the two bodies at a given time at the location of a detection zone, on the basis of the information delivered by the detector of the detection zone.
- the method can also include the step of establishing a map of the measured interface pressures.
- This cartography can be regularly updated, for example at time intervals which can vary from 1 s to 2 days.
- the method according to the invention can be implemented to measure the interface pressure between two surfaces of two soft bodies, or of a soft body and a hard body, or within a soft body, in particular between two surfaces of at least one body chosen from the following list: parts of the human body or body simulating such a part, for example head of fetus, muscles, skin, mucous membranes, internal cavities, for example intestine, vagina, esophagus; between a part of the human body and an element interacting with the human body, for example a seat, armchair, mattress, clothing, helmet interior, stockings or compression fabric; to determine the hardness of a textile, a filling material, an elastomer; to determine the state, in particular the maturation of agro-food products, in particular vegetables or fruits, by determining their hardness
- Another subject of the invention is a method of detecting at least one soft spot, this method being able to be characterized by the fact that it comprises the following steps: placing a sensor such as defined above, send a fluid to the detection zones of the sensor and vary the pressure inside the detection zones, - determine the interface pressure between the two bodies at a given time at the location of a detection zone based on the information delivered by the detector of the detection zone, deduce the presence and location of at least one soft spot.
- Another subject of the invention is a method for detecting at least one hard point, this method being able to be characterized by the fact that it comprises the following steps: - placing a sensor between two bodies as defined above, send a fluid to the detection zones of the sensor and vary the pressure inside the detection zones, determine the interface pressure between the two bodies at a given time at the location of a detection zone from the information delivered by the detector of the detection zone, deducing therefrom the location and location of at least one hard point.
- an obstetrical forceps comprising two spoons each comprising an internal face, intended to come into contact with a head of a fetus or of a body simulating such a head, and an outer face intended to come into contact with the pelvic walls or with bodies simulating such walls, this forceps comprising at least one sensor as defined above.
- a forceps equipped with such a sensor can make it possible to follow the pressures exerted on the head of the fetus during use, and to immediately modify the positioning of the forceps if the sensor detects a soft point such as an eye, a point hard like a bone or an asymmetry between the pressures exerted by the spoons.
- This forceps can also be used for training doctors or students by using it on a body simulating the head of a fetus.
- At least one sensor can be placed on the inside of at least one spoon of the forceps.
- At least one sensor can be placed on the outside of at least one spoon of the forceps.
- the sensor (s) placed on the spoon (s) of the forceps may include a plurality of detection zones, for example more than ten detection zones, for example sixteen or even twenty detection zones each, these detection zones being arranged in particular around the periphery of one of the faces of at least one spoon.
- the forceps spoons can be covered with at least one flexible protective envelope, which also covers the detection zones of the sensor. This protective envelope can be sterile. It can be discarded before using forceps.
- the protective envelope may alternatively cover the forceps sensor (s) during the use, the envelope ensuring in this case protection of the sensor or sensors while allowing a measurement of the interface pressure thanks to its flexibility.
- Another subject of the invention is the use of a sensor as defined above in one of the following devices: anti-decubitus device, mattress, seat, in particular car seat, clothing , helmet, stockings or compression fabric, gripping or tightening device for soft bodies and / or irregular shapes and / or fragile in nature, hydraulic or pneumatic lifting device, or in an internal cavity of the human body, or for measuring the degree of maturity of agri-food products, especially fruits or vegetables.
- FIG. 1 is a view schematic of an example of an interface pressure measurement device produced in accordance with the invention
- FIGS. 2 and 3 represent examples of changes in the pressure in the detection zones as a function of time
- FIGS. 4 to 9 schematically and partially represent examples among others of arrangements of detection zones
- FIG. 10 represents, schematically and partially, an example of arrangement of an electrical conductor on one of the regions of the envelope of the detection zones
- FIG. 11 represents, schematically and partially, an example of arrangement of an electrical conductor on the other region of the envelope of the detection zones
- FIG. 1 is a view schematic of an example of an interface pressure measurement device produced in accordance with the invention
- FIGS. 2 and 3 represent examples of changes in the pressure in the detection zones as a function of time
- FIGS. 4 to 9 schematically and partially represent examples among others of arrangements of detection zones
- FIG. 10 represents, schematically and partially, an example of arrangement of an electrical conductor on one of the regions of the envelope of the detection zones
- FIG. 11 represents, schematically and partially, an example
- FIG. 12 represents, with a view to of ssus, an example of relative positioning of the electrical conductors of FIGS. 10 and 11,
- FIGS. 13 to 15 are views respectively similar to FIGS. 10 to 12, with another example of configuration of the electrical conductors
- FIGS. 16 to 18 are views respectively analogous to FIGS. 10 to 12, with yet another example of configuration of the electrical conductors
- FIG. 19 illustrates the possibility of providing more than one fluid inlet per detection zone
- FIG. 20 shows, schematically and partially, in axial section, another example of sensor according to the invention
- FIG. 21 shows, schematically and partially, in axial section, another example of sensor according to the invention
- Figure 22 shows schematically, in perspective, a forceps equipped with sensors according to the invention
- Figure 23 is a schematic view of an example of a sensor that can equip the forceps of Figure 22
- Figure 24 shows a example of presentation of information related to the use of a sensor according to the invention
- FIG. 25 represents, in schematic and partial axial section, a seat cushion provided with sensors according to the invention and the pelvis of a person seated above
- FIG. 26 schematically shows in section the sensors that can be fitted to the seat in FIG. 25
- FIG. 27 partially represents one of the sensors in FIG. 26 seen from above from one side
- Figure 28 partially shows the sensor of Figure 26 seen from above on the other side with respect to that of Figure 27,
- Figure 29 schematically shows a gripping or clamping system with sensors according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an interface pressure measurement device 1 between two surfaces Sa and Sb which can be defined by animated or inanimate, soft, deformable or hard bodies, any geometry.
- the device 1 comprises at least one sensor 10 allowing the measurement of the interface pressure, a pressure generator 20 associated with the sensor 10 as well as a system 30 for processing the information delivered by the sensor 10.
- the pressure generator 20 and the processing system 30 are connected to a microcomputer 40 which makes it possible for example to control the pressure generator 20 as a function of information received from the processing system 30.
- the pressure generator 20 and the processing system 30 are made so as to operate autonomously, independently of the connection to a microcomputer.
- the processing system 30 and the pressure generator 20 can be arranged to exchange information with each other and / or with a remote computer or with a portable terminal, via a telephone network or a short distance wireless link, for example of the Bluetooth ® or i-Fi ® type .
- the pressure generator 20 may for example comprise an electromechanical member such as a membrane pump or a peristaltic pump.
- the fluid filling the detection zones is for example a gas such as air or a liquid, preferably not very viscous, and for example electrical insulator.
- the sensor 10 comprises, as can be seen in FIG. 1, two detection zones 11 each being formed inside an inflatable envelope 12 which is produced, in the example considered, in a thin elastomer membrane.
- the thickness of the membrane is for example between 0.1 mm and 1 mm, the membrane being produced for example in PNC or PU.
- the envelopes 12 of the detection zones 11 can be produced for example by bringing together and welding or gluing two initially independent membranes, or a single membrane folded and assembled on itself so as to form the detection zones 11
- the envelope of a detection zone or of several detection zones can also be produced by injection / blowing or rotational molding.
- the detection zones can be produced independently, then arranged together so as to make them communicating with each other, or be integral as of their manufacture.
- Each envelope 12 has, in the example considered, two opposite regions 12a and 12b having respective outer faces 13a and 13b coming at least partially into contact with the surfaces Sa and Sb.
- the opposite regions 12a and 12b also have respective internal faces 14a and 14b on which are arranged at least two constituent elements 15a and 15b of a detector 15 suitable for delivering to the processing system 30 information related to the spacing between the regions opposite 12a and 12b.
- These elements 15a and 15b comprise, in the example illustrated, electrical conductors which can come into contact with one another in order to close an electrical circuit between two respective lines 16a and 16b connected to the processing system 30.
- the electrical conductors 15b of the two detection zones 11 are electrically connected in series and the electric line 16b is thus common to all the detectors 15, being for example connected to the electrical ground.
- the processing system 30 receives the two electric lines 16a electrically isolated and connected respectively to the elements 15a of the detection zones 11.
- the number of lines 16a is preferably equal to the number of detection zones 11 of the sensor 10.
- the electrical conductors 15a and 15b can be produced by etching a metal on a flexible support, in particular by etching nickel on polyimide.
- the conductors can be attached and fixed to the opposite regions 12a and 12b of the envelope by gluing, welding or mechanical fixing, or otherwise.
- the electrical conductors can also be produced by printing directly on the membrane of the envelope, or by bi-injection of material with the envelope.
- the detector associated with each detection zone may not include electrical conductors intended to come into contact with one another, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- At least one detection zone 11 may comprise, for example, a capacitive detector, arranged to measure the spacing between the regions 12, or an optical or thermal inductive detector.
- the sensor 10 also includes an opening 17 made in the envelope of a detection zone 11, so as to allow the interior of the corresponding detection zone to communicate, by via a conduit 21, with the pressure generator 20.
- the two detection zones 11 communicate internally with each other by a passage 18, which allows balancing of the pressures of the detection zones 11.
- the duct 21 can be made in one piece with the envelope 12 for example. It can be seen, in FIG.
- the detection zones 11 may each have, when observed in a direction parallel to the direction of approximation constituent elements 15a and 15b of the detectors, that is to say in top view, a substantially circular outline.
- the generator 20 is arranged so as to act on the pressure of the fluid inside the duct 21.
- the generator 20 can be arranged to change the pressure in sawtooth pattern for example, with a symmetrical triangular profile as illustrated in the figure. 2 or asymmetrical as shown in Figure 3.
- the pressure could still vary differently, for example sinusoidally or otherwise.
- the pressure can vary for example with a period of between 0.5 and 1 hour.
- the period of the pressure variation function is, for example, much longer than the pressure equalization time constant in the detection zones.
- the electrical conductors 15a and 15b of at least one detection zone 11 can establish electrical contact between them, such contact being detectable by the treatment system 30.
- contact this means that the pressure prevailing in the detection zone becomes lower than the pressure at the interface, locally.
- the contact opens, this means that the pressure prevailing in the detection zone becomes greater than the interface pressure at the location of the corresponding detection zone.
- the minimum pressure P m i n and the maximum scanning pressure P max applied can be predetermined and for example have respective values of between 0.001 and 0.05 bar for living tissues (respectively more and less for other applications).
- the minimum pressure can be determined by the last detection zone of the sensor whose detector changes state, while the detectors of all the other detection zones have already delivered this information during the pressure decrease from the maximum pressure .
- the maximum pressure can likewise be determined by the last detection zone of the sensor, the change of state of the detector of which corresponds to the break in contact between the opposite regions of the envelope, while the detectors of all other detection zones have already delivered this information during the pressure increase from the minimum pressure. At each period, the maximum pressure and the minimum pressure may therefore vary and not be determined by the same detection zones.
- the pressure generator 20 is arranged to limit the inflation rate of the detection zones and the degree of inflation of the detection zones, in particular in order to limit the risks of damage to a detection zone.
- the inflation volume of a detection zone is for example less than or equal to 1 mm.
- the device 1 comprises in the illustrated example a flow meter connected to a solenoid valve which interrupts the flow for a flow rate greater than a predetermined value much greater than the use value.
- the device 1 comprises in the illustrated example a volumetric counter which sends information to the pressure generator 20 concerning the volume of fluid sent to the detection zones.
- a safety valve (not shown) can be connected to line 21 if necessary to allow fluid to escape in the event of overpressure.
- the flow meter and the volumetric meter are integrated in the pressure generator 20 in the example illustrated, and not shown in the drawing, but could alternatively be independent or housed in other components of the device 1.
- the treatment system 30 is arranged to collect and process the information delivered by the detectors 15 of the detection zones 11 of the sensor 10 and determine for each detection zone 11 the interface pressure at the location of this detection zone, at a given time.
- the change of state of the detector of a detection zone 11 gives information on the value of the interface pressure at the location of this detection zone. This can allow the processing system 30 to map interface pressure in real time.
- the processing system 30 can also be arranged to detect soft points or hard points by comparing, for example, the value of the pressure measured for each detection zone with the values of the pressures measured by the adjacent detection zones.
- the device 1 is also advantageously arranged to detect the degradation of a detection zone, in particular a leak in a detection zone.
- the pressure generator 20 can, before placing the sensor 10 between the surfaces Sa and Sb, inflate the detection zones to a predetermined pressure and possibly detect a variation in pressure. If the pressure decreases, it can mean that at least one detection zone is suffering from a fluid leak.
- the passage 18 which allows the detection zones 11 to communicate is situated at the level of an assembly zone of the envelopes 12 of the detection zones 11, but the detection zones 11 can be arranged otherwise still without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the envelopes 12 of the detection zones 11 can be made in one piece, with for example weld lines or points delimiting the detection zones 11, these weld lines or points also contributing, where appropriate, to the maintenance of the constituent elements of the detectors 15 on the envelopes.
- FIGS. 5 to 9 show various examples, among others, of possible arrangements for the detection zones. In these figures, the constituent elements of the detectors have not been shown, for the sake of clarity of the drawing.
- Two detection zones can communicate via a passage 18 constituted by a portion of conduit, as can be seen in FIG. 5.
- the detection zones 11 can have, when viewed from above, a polygonal shape, for example rectangular as illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the passage 18 by which the detection zones communicate can then be delimited by weld lines 19 joining opposite regions of the envelopes.
- the passage 18 can be single or divided as can be seen in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 8 shows an arrangement of the detection zones 11 in a two-dimensional network, the latter communicating with one another in at least two directions, for example by passages 18 formed between weld lines or points.
- FIG. 9 shows another possible arrangement of the detection zones 11, in which these communicate by passages 18 constituted by duct portions, these ducts being able to be produced in a single piece with the wall of the envelopes of the detection zones if necessary.
- the detection zones can be arranged together so as to adapt to the shape of the bodies for which it is desired to measure an interface pressure. They can in particular be arranged according to a three-dimensional network.
- the conductors 15a fixed on one of the regions of the detection zones 11 may for example be, as illustrated in FIG. 10, in the form of two rectilinear conductive strips. These conductors can be oriented transversely to a longitudinal axis of the sensor.
- the conductors 15b, which can be electrically connected in series with one another as indicated above, may for example be in the form of a conductive strip extending along a non-rectilinear path, in particular by forming a zigzag, as can be seen in FIG. 11.
- the conductors 15a are arranged so as to intersect the conductors 15b when the opposite regions of the detection zones are applied one against the other, as illustrated in FIG. 12.
- the conductors 15a and 15b still other shapes, for example a serpentine shape as illustrated in Figures 13 and 14, which allows to have a large contact area.
- the conductors 15a can also be similar to those of FIG. 11 and the conductor 15b extend in a sawtooth fashion, as illustrated in FIGS. 16 to 18.
- Multiple fluid arrivals At least one detection zone can include, as illustrated in Figure 19, more of a fluid inlet.
- a second conduit 21 'connected to the pressure generator 20 can serve each of the detection zones 11. This conduit 21' can be connected directly to the pressure generator 20 or alternatively to the conduit 21.
- the conduit 21 ′ can make it easier to maintain the detection zones 11 at substantially the same pressure at a given instant, in particular if the passage 18 is temporarily blocked, for example by bringing the opposite regions of contact into contact. some detection zones under the effect of the pressure exerted between the surfaces Sa and Sb. In this case, the detection zone 11 furthest from the pressure generator 20 can maintain a determined pressure, thanks to the presence of the conduit 21 '.
- Variants of construction of the envelopes The envelopes 12 of the detection zones 11 of the sensor 10 can be produced in different ways.
- An envelope 12 can be entirely flexible or partially flexible. It may in particular comprise a part which coincides with the surface of one of the bodies for which it is sought to measure the interface pressure with another body, as illustrated in FIG. 20.
- the surface Sb constitutes for each detection zone 11 the region 12b of the envelope 12, while the region 12a consists of a flexible membrane which comes into contact with the surface Sa.
- This membrane is for example welded or glued in places on the surface Sb so as to forming the detection zones 11 and the passages 18 between the detection zones.
- the sensor 10 is integral with the body defining the surface Sb.
- the conduit 21 is also produced with the surface Sb in the example illustrated.
- the detectors of the detection zones have not been shown in this figure for the sake of clarity of the drawing.
- envelope and “detection zones” should not be interpreted in a limiting manner.
- an envelope can be common to several detection zones, which however each retain their own detector.
- FIG. 22 shows a forceps 50 comprising two spoons 51 and 52, each having an inner face 53 and an outer face 54.
- the forceps 50 comprises two sensors 10, not shown in FIG. 22 for the sake of clarity of the drawing, disposed respectively on each of the internal faces 53 of the spoons 51 and 52.
- Each sensor 10 comprises a plurality of detection zones arranged on the periphery of the corresponding face as can be seen in FIG. 23.
- the number of detection zones 11 for example is in the illustrated example between ten and twenty, being for example sixteen.
- An advantage of having at least one sensor produced in accordance with the invention on a forceps is that it makes it possible to measure the pressures exerted on the head of the fetus by the spoons of the forceps, to detect a soft spot which an eye can constitute, or a hard point that can constitute a bone.
- sensors are present on the inner faces 53 of the two spoons 51 and 52, it is also advantageous to control the symmetry of the pressures exerted on the head of the fetus, so as to avoid excessive pressure on one side of the head.
- a flexible protective envelope shown in broken lines in FIG. 23, can cover the spoons and the sensor (s) before and during use.
- FIG. 24 shows an example of a screen that the obstetrician can observe when using the forceps 50.
- this indication is different from a color and includes for example a figure or a histogram or the like.
- the pressure of the detection zones varies in a sawtooth fashion with, for example, an amplitude of 0.2 bars.
- the right F D and left FQ profiles of the head of the fetus can be used to illustrate the pressures to which each part of the head of the fetus is subjected.
- Application to the prevention of bedsores in a seated position Another example of application has been shown by way of illustration in FIGS. 25 to 28. In this example, it is a question of measuring the interface pressure between the seat of a seat S and the buttocks, in particular the Ischia I, of a patient whose pelvis is shown schematically in Figure 25.
- the seat includes at least one sensor, as described above, in particular two in the example illustrated.
- the two interface pressure sensors 10 are arranged on the seat of the seat S under the ischia I, where the interface pressure is particularly high, which can reach 300 rnmHg.
- the arrival of fluid, in particular air according to the arrow is common to the two sensors 10 in the example illustrated, but it is not going beyond the scope of the invention if each sensor has an incoming fluid of its own.
- Each sensor comprises a plurality of detection zones 11, for example 32 in number and arranged according to the intersections of a grid in the example illustrated, which makes it possible to facilitate the processing of data.
- the detection zones 11 are grouped by two or three inside a part of the envelope of the sensor having substantially the elongated shape of a thermowell.
- the elongated portions of the glove cover are in two rows facing each other.
- the distance between the two sensors 10 can be approximately 2 cm, the diameter of a sensor approximately 14 cm and the cross section of a glove-finger part approximately 1 cm 2 .
- the elongated shape of the thimble portions of the casing 12 allows the sensor membrane to withstand high internal pressure without risk of rupture.
- the presence of twelve elongated parts improves the total resistance of the sensor membrane.
- the envelope 12 of the detection zones has two opposite regions 12a and
- each detection zone 11 comprises an element 15a of a detector 15 formed in the example illustrated by an electrical conductor.
- Each element 15a of a detection zone 11 is connected by an independent electrical line 16a to the processing system 30 not shown in the figure.
- Lines 16a are electrically isolated. In FIG. 27, only certain lines 16a have have been shown for the sake of clarity, but all the elements 15a are connected by lines 16a to the processing system. The eight lines 16a shown form a bus. In FIG. 28, the opposite region 12b is partially represented. Each detection zone 11 comprises an element 15b of a detector 15. The elements 15b, also electrical conductors in the example illustrated, are all reheated electrically and the electrical line 16b is thus common to all the detectors
- the lines 16a and 16b have undulations in the example illustrated, which gives the lines elasticity in all dimensions and reduces the risk of rupture of the elements 15a and 15b and of the lines 16a and 16b.
- the pressure generator 20 performs a pressure sweep between a minimum pressure and a maximum pressure.
- the state of the contacts between the regions is displayed, in real time for example, on a computer screen which is not shown. Thanks to the sensors placed on the seat cushion, it is possible to prevent pressure ulcer formation, which is a pathology consecutive to a pressure of support of living tissues that is too high, in particular higher than the perfusion pressure of the capillaries which is 32 mmHg and extended over time.
- the detection of prolonged strong pressures can trigger an alert with the entourage, in particular of the nursing staff who will take the necessary measures by modifying the support points or by changing the anti-decubitus support chosen.
- Such a device can be intended for people with reduced mobility, the elderly, the chronically disabled and accidental, such as quadriplegics and paraplegics, burn victims and patients in long hospital stays. It is not beyond the scope of the present invention if the seat is replaced by a mattress on which the patient is lying.
- FIG. 29 Another example of the use of a sensor according to the invention has been shown in FIG. 29. It is a tightening or gripping device R, comprising at least forming a clamp in the form of an artificial hand, provided with at least one, in particular with a plurality of sensors 10.
- a tightening or gripping device R comprising at least forming a clamp in the form of an artificial hand, provided with at least one, in particular with a plurality of sensors 10.
- Such a device can be used in the field of robotics with the development of haptic interfaces, intended for example to aid medical gestures during surgical operations.
- a sensor produced in accordance with the invention can have various objectives.
- a sensor can for example be used in a living being, in particular in the human body, to measure the pressure, in living tissue, at the interface between two soft surfaces or between a soft surface and a hard body or even the pressure in a soft or deformable substance, for example in the internal cavities, in particular the intestine, the vagina, the esophagus.
- a sensor can also be used in the measurement of pressures applied to the human body by clothing, seats, helmets for the study of comfort, stockings and compression fabrics for the prevention of phlebitis for example.
- a sensor can also be used in measurements relating to food products, for example to test their ripening state, for example that of a fruit, as a function of its hardness.
- a sensor can be used to characterize pressures and pressure distributions in gripping or clamping devices.
- a sensor can be used to control the interface pressure in mattresses or seats, or to test the effectiveness of an anti-decubitus device, for example a mattress.
- One can in particular control the propagation of the significant pressure for a massage and a drainage of microcirculation blood and lymphatic. We can especially prevent bedsores.
- a sensor can be used to check the homogeneity of a hydraulic and pneumatic lifting device.
- Another subject of the invention is, according to another of its aspects, a mattress comprising a sensor produced in accordance with the invention.
- Another subject of the invention is, according to another of its aspects, a seat, for example a car seat or an armchair, comprising at least one sensor as defined above.
- a seat for example a car seat or an armchair
- an anti-decubitus device comprising a sensor produced in accordance with the invention.
- An “anti-decubitus” device is a mattress, a seat or a garment for example, filled with a fluid, for example water or a gel, or having an ergonomic shape.
- Another subject of the invention is, according to another of its aspects, a garment, in particular an intelligent garment or a helmet, comprising a sensor produced in accordance with the invention.
- smart garment is meant a garment provided with at least one sensor, for example a temperature, and / or heart rate, and / or respiratory rate sensor, and / or a position sensor, among other other. Smart clothing can be useful for monitoring the evolution of one or more biological and / or physical parameters of the wearer.
- a stocking or compression fabric comprising a sensor produced in accordance with the invention.
- a gripping or tightening device for soft bodies and / or of irregular shapes and / or of fragile nature comprising a sensor produced in accordance with the invention.
- Another subject of the invention is, according to another of its aspects, a hydraulic or pneumatic lifting device comprising a sensor produced in accordance with the invention.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pregnancy & Childbirth (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/566,701 US7426872B2 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2004-07-29 | Sensor, device and method for measuring the pressure of an interface between two bodies |
CA2534801A CA2534801C (fr) | 2003-08-01 | 2004-07-29 | Capteur, dispositif et procede visant a mesurer la pression d'interface entre deux corps |
EP04786007A EP1664712A2 (fr) | 2003-08-01 | 2004-07-29 | Capteur, dispositif et procede visant a mesurer la pression d'interface entre deux corps |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR03/09570 | 2003-08-01 | ||
FR0309570A FR2858406B1 (fr) | 2003-08-01 | 2003-08-01 | Capteur, dispositif et procede visant a mesurer la pression d'interface entre deux corps |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005012863A2 true WO2005012863A2 (fr) | 2005-02-10 |
WO2005012863A3 WO2005012863A3 (fr) | 2005-03-24 |
Family
ID=34043758
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2004/002037 WO2005012863A2 (fr) | 2003-08-01 | 2004-07-29 | Capteur, dispositif et procede visant a mesurer la pression d’interface entre deux corps |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7426872B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1664712A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2534801C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2858406B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005012863A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (18)
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US7644628B2 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2010-01-12 | Loadstar Sensors, Inc. | Resistive force sensing device and method with an advanced communication interface |
DE102004045188A1 (de) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-30 | Engelbert Mages | Schlagkraftmesseinrichtung |
US20070056101A1 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-03-15 | Ajay Mahajan | Sensor based mattress/seat for monitoring pressure, temperature and sweat concentration to prevent pressure ulcerations |
US9345424B2 (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2016-05-24 | University Of Washington | Clinical force sensing glove |
JP5181914B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-08 | 2013-04-10 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 位置決め方法 |
US8845653B2 (en) | 2008-10-18 | 2014-09-30 | Pro Medical Innovations Limited | Forceps |
WO2010120360A1 (fr) | 2009-04-15 | 2010-10-21 | Arizant Healthcare Inc. | Structures de sonde de température pour tissu profond |
JP2012524262A (ja) * | 2009-04-15 | 2012-10-11 | アリザント ヘルスケア インク. | 深部組織用温度プローブ構造体 |
US8226294B2 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2012-07-24 | Arizant Healthcare Inc. | Flexible deep tissue temperature measurement devices |
US9554828B2 (en) | 2009-09-13 | 2017-01-31 | Trig Medical Ltd. | Birth delivery device with position sensor |
US8292495B2 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2012-10-23 | Arizant Healthcare Inc. | Zero-heat-flux, deep tissue temperature measurement devices with thermal sensor calibration |
US8292502B2 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2012-10-23 | Arizant Healthcare Inc. | Constructions for zero-heat-flux, deep tissue temperature measurement devices |
CA2761036C (fr) * | 2010-12-08 | 2019-02-12 | Groupe Ctt Inc. | Electrodes textiles tridimensionnelles entierement integrees |
JP5678670B2 (ja) * | 2011-01-06 | 2015-03-04 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 超音波センサー、触覚センサー、および把持装置 |
US9354122B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2016-05-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Zero-heat-flux, deep tissue temperature measurement system |
FR3067245B1 (fr) | 2017-06-13 | 2019-08-02 | Winncare France | Procede et dispositif de detection, d'analyse et d'alerte pour prevenir la formation des escarres |
CN112998341B (zh) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-10-04 | 重庆第二师范学院 | 一种自适应充气头盔及其制造方法 |
CN115638916B (zh) * | 2022-10-18 | 2024-01-23 | 广州众纳科技有限公司 | 一种用于可穿戴产品对人体压强感知的装置及检测方法 |
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US6367106B1 (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 2002-04-09 | Sand Therapeutic, Inc. | Therapeutic support for the reduction of decubitus ulcers |
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-
2004
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- 2004-07-29 WO PCT/FR2004/002037 patent/WO2005012863A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-07-29 EP EP04786007A patent/EP1664712A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-07-29 US US10/566,701 patent/US7426872B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2534801A1 (fr) | 2005-02-10 |
US7426872B2 (en) | 2008-09-23 |
US20070062301A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
EP1664712A2 (fr) | 2006-06-07 |
CA2534801C (fr) | 2015-11-24 |
WO2005012863A3 (fr) | 2005-03-24 |
FR2858406A1 (fr) | 2005-02-04 |
FR2858406B1 (fr) | 2005-10-21 |
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