WO2005011499A1 - Systeme constituant un tomogramme, et procede correspondant - Google Patents

Systeme constituant un tomogramme, et procede correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005011499A1
WO2005011499A1 PCT/JP2004/011494 JP2004011494W WO2005011499A1 WO 2005011499 A1 WO2005011499 A1 WO 2005011499A1 JP 2004011494 W JP2004011494 W JP 2004011494W WO 2005011499 A1 WO2005011499 A1 WO 2005011499A1
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Prior art keywords
image
tomographic
images
dimensional
tomographic image
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PCT/JP2004/011494
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoshihiro Goto
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Hitachi Medical Corporation
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Priority to JP2005512615A priority Critical patent/JP4467522B2/ja
Publication of WO2005011499A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005011499A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tomographic image forming apparatus and a tomographic image forming method for forming a tomographic image from a small number of about two X-ray images.
  • the tomographic image of the subject is usually captured using a dedicated tomographic image generation device such as an X-ray CT device.
  • a dedicated tomographic image generation device such as an X-ray CT device.
  • the above conventional method is limited to the configuration of a three-dimensional image using two X-ray images having an orthogonal positional relationship, so that two X-ray images arranged at arbitrary different angles are back-projected. There is no mention of constructing a tomographic image.
  • the tomographic image forming apparatus of the present invention generates a plurality of binarized images by binarizing each of X-ray images of a subject taken from a plurality of different directions taken by an X-ray apparatus A binarized image creating unit, and a scan for setting a scanning line sequentially moving in a predetermined direction to a position corresponding to each other of the plurality of binarized images created by the binarized image creating unit.
  • Line setting means; and tomographic image forming means for forming a tomographic image by back-projecting pixel points of the plurality of binarized images at positions where the scanning lines set by the scanning line setting means sequentially move. , Are provided.
  • the X-ray image includes a digital image captured using a flat panel detector or the like and a digitized image of a film image.
  • the number smaller than the above may be three or more X-ray images. In this case, although the effect of reducing the X-ray exposure is reduced, the accuracy of the resulting tomographic image is improved.
  • the scanning line setting means includes: for each of the tomographic images formed by the tomographic image forming means, a tomographic image in a forward direction and a reverse direction of the scanning line movement; A false area detecting means for detecting a false area based on a correlation with an image; and a false area deleting means for deleting the false area detected by the false area detecting means.
  • the false region is deleted based on the correlation between the tomographic image in which the scanning line moves in the forward direction and the cross-sectional image in which the scanning line moves in the opposite direction.
  • a tomographic image is obtained. If the correlation detects an area that is less than a predetermined value, the area is a false area, so that the false area can be efficiently deleted.
  • the scanning line setting unit is configured to perform any one of a position where the pixel value takes a predetermined value on the scanning line, and a position designated by an operator. Is set as the initial position of the scanning line.
  • the initial position of the scanning line can be set arbitrarily, and if it is set near the region to be extracted, the binarized region for constructing the tomographic image can be moved more efficiently. As a result, the calculation for constructing a tomographic image can be speeded up.
  • the tomographic image forming apparatus comprises: a plurality of adjacent tomographic images formed by the tomographic image forming means; And a three-dimensional image forming means for forming a three-dimensional image by a predetermined rendering method, and an image display means for displaying the three-dimensional image formed by the three-dimensional image forming means.
  • the shape of the subject can be easily grasped.
  • the tomographic image forming method includes: a binarized image creating step of binarizing each of the X-ray images of the subject taken from a plurality of different directions taken by the X-ray apparatus to create a plurality of binarized images; A scanning line setting step of setting a scanning line sequentially moving in a predetermined direction to a position corresponding to each of the plurality of binarized images created by the binary image creating step; Forming a tomographic image by back-projecting pixel points of the plurality of binarized images at positions where the set scanning lines sequentially move.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration of a tomographic image forming apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a diagram showing the processing procedure of tomographic image composition
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between an X-ray image, a tomographic image, and a three-dimensional image
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a relationship between a scanning line direction of a binarized image and one region
  • Figure 5 shows an example of run length distribution
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a back-projected image when one region is one place in the binarized image
  • FIGS. 7 (a), 7 (b) and 7 (c) show the back-projection in the binarized image.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example in which run length is used when the target organ is located at one place;
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a relationship between three subjects and an X-ray image;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example in which the backprojection start position is surrounded by an ROI;
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example in which the backprojection image is circularly approximated;
  • Figure 12 is a diagram showing the case where the reconstruction area can be approximated by an ellipse
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of cone beam reconstruction of a tomographic image
  • Figure 14 is a diagram showing the approximate reconstruction of tomographic images
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a case where the X-ray image of FIG. 10 is subjected to binary projection and back-projection;
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart for determining a scanning line direction;
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional image having a branch
  • FIGS. 18 (a) to 18 (f) are diagrams illustrating an example of a branching portion correction process
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a method of setting concentric circles in a branching portion correction process
  • 20 is an example of a superimposed display of a three-dimensional image and a catheter image
  • Figure 21 is an example of a superimposed display of a three-dimensional image and a stent image
  • Figure 22 is a diagram showing the processing procedure of tomographic image composition
  • Figure 23 shows the correlation process after backprojection for all lines
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of a back-projected image in a case where the binarized image has a plurality of regions
  • FIG. 25 is a diagram of another back-projected image in a case where the binarized image has a plurality of regions.
  • FIG. 26 is a diagram showing another example of a backprojection image when there are a plurality of regions in the binary image
  • FIG. 27 is a diagram showing one example of the binary image.
  • FIG. 28 is a diagram showing another example of the backprojection image when there is one region;
  • FIG. 28 is a diagram showing another example of the backprojection image when there is one region in the binarized image;
  • Fig. 29 is a diagram showing an example when a three-dimensional image composed of tomographic images is viewed from the lateral direction.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example of a case where a three-dimensional image formed from tomographic images is viewed from an oblique direction.
  • FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a tomographic image forming apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment.
  • the tomographic image composing device 10 is a central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as CPU) 11, main memory 12, magnetic disk 13, display memory 14, CRT 15, controller 16, mouse 17, keyboard 18 These are electrically connected via a common bus 19.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • main memory 12 main memory
  • magnetic disk 13 main memory
  • display memory 14 CRT
  • controller 16 mouse 17, keyboard 18
  • the main memory 12 is used as an area for temporary storage and processing of images and data, and the processing results are displayed on the CRT 15 via the display memory 14 and stored on the magnetic disk 13 for redisplay and results. Used for reference.
  • An X-ray image is stored on the magnetic disk 13.
  • An X-ray image can also be obtained from an X-ray device 1B connected via the LAN 1A.
  • X-ray equipment 1B includes all equipment that can take any X-ray image, such as a fluoroscopy table and a digital radiography apparatus.
  • the X-ray image includes a digital image captured using a flat panel detector or the like and a digitized image of a film image.
  • the tomographic image 3 3 is formed by binarizing the X-ray images 3 1, 3 2 and backprojecting a part of the binarized X-ray images 3 1, 3 2 to obtain a three-dimensional image 3 4 Is constructed from the tomographic image 33 using the rendering algorithm.
  • the X-ray image 31 taken by the X-ray source 41 is subjected to a binary image processing in which a target organ a, other organs b and c are set to 1, and other areas are set to 0. .
  • the X-ray image 32 captured by the X-ray source 42 is subjected to a binarization process in which the target organ a and other organs b and c are set to 1 and other areas are set to 0.
  • a projection center 51 and a projection center 52 are arranged at the positions of the X-ray sources where these two X-ray images were taken. When the area surrounded by the projection line from the projection center is stored in memory, become.
  • the target organ a and the regions b and c other than the target organ are stored in the memory in a state where they cannot be distinguished.
  • no false region appears at the projection center 61 and the projection center 62 from each X-ray image obtained by capturing only one target organ. That is, only the target organ a is stored in the memory.
  • the tomographic image composing apparatus 10 uses this property to search for a single target organ at the first time.
  • the tomographic image forming apparatus 10 uses the straight line of No. 1 in FIG.
  • back-projection processing is performed, and the processing sequentially proceeds to the next 2, 3,... Or 2 ′, 3 ′,.
  • selection is performed based on the continuity with the adjacent area. For example, it is assumed that blood vessels that disappear in the middle, such as regions 71 and 72 in FIG. 7A, are not extracted.
  • the binarization process here is generally based on threshold processing, but may be manually traced and set to 1 inside the target organ and 0 outside.
  • we are searching for one area on the linear value in the X direction of the image but as shown in Fig. 8, we find the area 8 1 with the largest run length (number of consecutive pixels) and It is also possible to substitute the 0 value for an area other than 1 to create one area on the linear value and to search for the one area on the linear value.
  • the setting of the back projection start position may be started from a region surrounded by ROI 101 as shown in FIG.
  • the start position of back projection is set to a position corresponding to two binarized X-ray images (referred to as “binary image”).
  • the binary image is subjected to backprojection processing as shown in FIG.
  • the shape of the back-projected region is to extract blood vessels, the cross-section is often circular, so that the reconstructed region approximates to a circle as shown in FIG.
  • the direction of the reverse projection is orthogonal, it is approximated by an ellipse.
  • it can be set to any shape based on the anatomical knowledge of the target organ. For example, in the setting of the arbitrary shape, an arbitrary shape such as a circle or an ellipse and menu information are displayed on a screen, and the displayed menu can be selected and input with a mouse according to a target organ.
  • the backprojected image is reconstructed from the result of the backprojection, and the reconstructed tomographic image is stored on a magnetic disk or the like (image a ).
  • the tomographic image is obtained for each update line by repeating binarization and backprojection for each update line (image b).
  • the similarity between the back-projected image (image a) stored in step 22 and the tomographic image (image b) back-projected in step 24 is obtained by a correlation operation. If the substantially same address of both tomographic images is pixel “1”, Assuming that there is continuity, the area without that continuity is deleted from image (b) as a false area.
  • the correlation value may refer to a ratio in which the pixel values of the corresponding pixels in both image areas are both “1”.
  • “correlation” and “continuous i-raw” include not only direct correlation between actual data but also correlation with data (not shown) obtained by an outer interpolation method.
  • the tomographic image forming apparatus 10 can obtain an accurate tomographic image from which the false region has been deleted.
  • Step 2 The tomographic image from which the false area has been deleted is stored.
  • the distribution of the run length (the number of consecutive pixels) in the X and Y directions on Fig. 10 is obtained. If the peak value of the distribution is lower in the X direction scan, the X direction scan is correct. If not, the Y direction is selected. If the X direction or the Y direction is selected by mistake, an error message indicating that the scanning line direction is incorrect is displayed on the screen (not shown).
  • the scanning line direction is selected in consideration of the shape and size of the subject.
  • the scanning line direction may be automatically determined from the run length distribution.
  • the relationship between the run length in the X direction and the run length in the Y direction is obtained. Then, a comparison is made as to whether the calculated average value of the X-direction run length is smaller than the average value of the Y-direction run length.
  • the average value of the X-direction run lengths to be compared and determined may be a predetermined constant multiple of the average value. If the judgment is small, the process proceeds to step 163. If the judgment is not small, the process proceeds to step 162.
  • a real region can be extracted by performing the above processing once, but as shown in Fig. 7 (b), one direction (from bottom to top in Fig. 10) In some cases, it may not be possible to extract all real regions by simply using the continuity of f). In such a case, extraction can be performed by using continuity in the opposite direction (in the case of FIGS. 7 (a), 7 (b) and 7 (c), from top to bottom). Therefore, when the scanning position reaches the end of the processing range, the scanning line setting direction is reversed, and the back projection and the deletion of the false area are repeated.
  • Such processing may be repeated a predetermined number of times, or a reconstructed tomographic image may be displayed and the operator may input an instruction.
  • the tomographic image forming apparatus 10 can obtain a tomographic image from an X-ray image, but by forming a three-dimensional image from the tomographic image, the shape of the subject can be easily grasped. .
  • the construction of the three-dimensional image can be performed by a surface method or a volume rendering method.
  • the three-dimensional image is obtained, for example, by obtaining a plurality of adjacent tomographic images of the subject in the body axis direction of the subject, extracting one target organ, and virtually storing the extracted target organ in a memory.
  • the target organs are stacked in the body axis direction of the subject, and the stacked target organs are projected onto a projection plane.
  • step 21 since the reconstruction area is approximated by a circle or ellipse, as shown in FIG. 17, an X-ray image 17 1 and an X-ray image 17 2
  • the tomographic image composing apparatus 10 performs a combining process as shown in FIGS. 18 (a) to 18 (f).
  • FIG. 18 (a) the region is divided into two blood vessel regions 181, 182 and one blood vessel region 183, and the regions 181, 182, 183 are separated as shown in FIG. 18 (b). .
  • FIGS. 18 (c) and 18 (d) show cross-sectional images of the connecting portions of the regions 181, 182, and 183.
  • a tomographic image (d) Fig. 18 (d)
  • RO is the distance between the centers of the regions 181 and 182
  • rc1 is the radius of the region 181
  • rc2 is the radius of the region 182.
  • R2 rc2 + 0.5XdR (3)
  • the tomographic image and the three-dimensional image are displayed on the CRT 15.
  • X-ray images (two-dimensional images) 201 and 202 with different shooting directions The three-dimensional image 203 based on the X-ray image is displayed side by side.
  • the catheter is superimposed and displayed on the two-dimensional images 201 and 202.
  • the position of the catheter in the blood vessel is obtained.
  • the relationship is superimposed on the three-dimensional image 203 and displayed, for example, as a dotted line.
  • a stent three-dimensional image 2 12 is superimposed on a three-dimensional image 2 11 of a blood vessel and displayed.
  • a plurality of types of stent images are stored on the magnetic disk.
  • the soft switch 2 13 displayed on the screen “Stent 3D” is controlled with a mouse, the positional relationship between the blood vessel and the stent is superimposed on the three-dimensional blood vessel image 2 11. Is displayed.
  • the object to be superimposed on the stent image may be a two-dimensional X-ray image, which may be displayed simultaneously with the superimposed image on the three-dimensional image. This makes it possible to grasp the three-dimensional and planar shape of the stent,
  • the CPU 11 binarizes each of a plurality of X-ray images of the subject taken at different angles by the X-ray apparatus 1B to generate a plurality of binary images.
  • a binarized image creating function a scanning line setting function of setting a scanning line sequentially moving in a predetermined direction to a position corresponding to each of the plurality of binarized images created by the binarized image creating function, Since a tomographic image forming function of forming a tomographic image by back-projecting the pixel points of the plurality of binarized images at positions where the scanning lines set by the scanning line setting function sequentially move is provided.
  • a tomographic image of the specimen can be obtained using a smaller number of X-ray images.
  • the lentogen image includes a digital image photographed using a flat panel detector or the like and a digitized image of a film image.
  • the number smaller than the above may be three or more X-ray images.
  • the procedure of performing the backprojection processing for obtaining the tomographic image after creating the binarized image has been performed.
  • the procedure of configuring the binarized image after performing the backprojection processing has been described.
  • the desired tomographic image can be constructed.
  • the scanning line setting function includes: for each of the tomographic images formed by the tomographic image forming function, in the forward direction and the reverse direction of the movement of the scanning line.
  • a fake region detection function for detecting a fake region based on a correlation with a tomographic image and a fake region detected by the fake region detection function are deleted.
  • the false region is deleted based on the correlation between the tomographic image in which the scanning line moves in the forward direction and the cross-sectional image in which the scanning line moves in the opposite direction.
  • a tomographic image is obtained. If the correlation detects an area that is less than a predetermined value, the area is a false area, so that the false area can be efficiently deleted.
  • the scanning line setting function scans any one of a position where the pixel value takes a predetermined value on the scanning line and a position designated by an operator. Set the initial position of the line.
  • the initial position of the scanning line can be set arbitrarily. If the initial position is set in the vicinity of the region to be extracted, the binary region for constructing a tomographic image can be moved more efficiently. As a result, the calculation for constructing a tomographic image can be speeded up.
  • the setting unit when the scanning line reaches a predetermined position, the setting unit reverses the scanning line direction to set the position of the scanning line.
  • the end of the tomographic image configuration range in the X-ray image can be used as the predetermined position.
  • FIG. 22 shows a procedure for reconstructing a tomographic image and a three-dimensional image according to the present embodiment.
  • Figure 23 shows the principle of correlation processing of reconstructed tomographic images.
  • 24 to 28 are examples of the back projection image in FIG.
  • the X-ray image 31 shows that the target organ is 1 and other areas are 0. Is performed. Similarly, the X-ray image 32 is subjected to a binary imaging process in which the target organ is 1 and other regions are 0.
  • the backprojection processing is performed on the binarized image as shown in FIG.
  • the shape of the back-projected area may be a polygon surrounded by projection lines as shown in FIG. 23 (a) or a circular approximation as shown in FIG. 23 (b).
  • the area may be narrowed down by using the area extension method. If the projection result is one area, it may be set as the extension start point.
  • the X-ray image 31 is projected at each projection center 24 1 to 28 1
  • the X-ray image 32 is projected at each projection center 24 22 to Project with 2 8 2.
  • the backprojected image is reconstructed from the result of the backprojection, and the reconstructed tomographic image is stored on a magnetic disk or the like (image a ).
  • step 2 It is determined whether or not all reconstructed lines of the tomographic image have been completed. If it has been completed, go to step 2 25, otherwise return to step 2 2 1.
  • the tomographic image is obtained for each update line by repeating binarization and backprojection for each update line.
  • Steps 2 2 1 to 2 2 4 are repeated, for example, to Figure 24, Figure 25, Figure 26, Figure 27, and Figure 28. . In this case, the result in Figure 28 will be searched.
  • the area searched in step 2 25 is a single area.
  • the area 2 8 3 in Figure 28 to the area 2 73 in Figure 27, the area 2 63 in Figure 26, the area 2 5 3 in Figure 25, and the figure 2 4 area 2 4 3 and continuity A certain area is searched for an adjacent image. Areas with no continuity are deleted from FIGS. 24, 25, and 26 as false areas. At the time of this deletion, an image having a correlation of a fixed ratio or more at the end after back projection may be left.
  • the tomographic image forming apparatus 10 can obtain an accurate tomographic image from which the false region has been deleted.
  • the tomographic image from which the false area has been deleted is stored.
  • the lines of the binarized image are updated until the required number of tomographic images for 3D image reconstruction are obtained.
  • step 2228 it is determined whether or not all the lines have been completed. If all lines have been completed, go to step 22A, otherwise return to step 226.
  • step 22C it is determined whether or not the process of inverting the scanning line direction and repeating is completed. If the repetition processing is completed, the process proceeds to step 22C. If the repetition process is not completed, the process proceeds to step 22B.
  • the processing for constructing the tomographic image is performed by reversing the scanning line direction.
  • This reversal of the scanning line direction means that, for example, when the scanning line is first updated from the upper part of the image to the lower part, then the scanning line is updated from the lower part of the image to the upper part.
  • the 3D image is composed of the tomographic images stored in step 2 27
  • the tomographic image and the three-dimensional image are displayed on CRT15.
  • the procedure shown in the present embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment. Images can be reconstructed and false regions removed.
  • a variety of three-dimensional images can be constructed, such as three-dimensional image 3002 in which the projection center of 301 has been moved in the X direction, and three-dimensional image 303 that is the inverse of three-dimensional image 302. .
  • even a complicated branched blood vessel or the like can be extracted to a small part and formed into a tomographic image or a three-dimensional image.
  • the setting of the number of X-ray images used for reconstructing a tomographic image and the application of the reconstructed tomographic image to a three-dimensional image can be performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
  • a tomographic image can be reconstructed from an X-ray image.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système constituant un tomogramme, comprenant des moyens permettant de binariser des images radiologiques respectives à partir d'une pluralité de directions différentes d'un sujet photographié par un système de radiographie, en vue de former une pluralité d'images binarisées, des moyens permettant d'établir des lignes de balayage se déplaçant séquentiellement dans une direction spécifiée, en des positions mutuellement correspondantes de la pluralité d'images binarisées formées par les moyens générateurs d'images binarisées, ainsi que des moyens permettant de constituer un tomogramme par projection inversée des pixels de la pluralité d'images binarisées, en la position se déplaçant séquentiellement de la ligne de balayage formée par les moyens d'établissement des lignes de balayage.
PCT/JP2004/011494 2003-08-05 2004-08-04 Systeme constituant un tomogramme, et procede correspondant WO2005011499A1 (fr)

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JP2010099114A (ja) * 2008-10-21 2010-05-06 Yamatake Corp Ｃｔ装置および金属形状抽出方法
JP2010099303A (ja) * 2008-10-24 2010-05-06 Yamatake Corp Ｃｔ装置および金属形状抽出方法
JP2010110619A (ja) * 2008-10-07 2010-05-20 Toshiba Corp ３次元画像処理装置
JP2011139821A (ja) * 2010-01-08 2011-07-21 Toshiba Corp 医用画像診断装置
WO2013024831A1 (fr) * 2011-08-18 2013-02-21 株式会社 東芝 Dispositif de traitement/d'affichage d'images et programme de traitement/d'affichage d'images
CN103713329A (zh) * 2012-09-29 2014-04-09 清华大学 Ct成像中定位物体的方法以及设备
CN103714513A (zh) * 2012-09-29 2014-04-09 清华大学 Ct成像中的伪影校正方法以及设备
JP2014514082A (ja) * 2011-04-12 2014-06-19 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ 埋め込み３ｄモデリング
JP2015177928A (ja) * 2014-03-19 2015-10-08 株式会社東芝 医用画像診断装置
JP2018502646A (ja) * 2015-01-22 2018-02-01 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェＫｏｎｉｎｋｌｉｊｋｅ Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓ Ｎ．Ｖ． 光学形状検出によるエンドグラフトの視覚化
US11515031B2 (en) 2018-04-16 2022-11-29 Canon Medical Systems Corporation Image processing apparatus, X-ray diagnostic apparatus, and image processing method

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