WO2005008923A2 - 光周波数符号を用いる光通信システム、その光送信装置及び光受信装置、反射型光通信装置 - Google Patents
光周波数符号を用いる光通信システム、その光送信装置及び光受信装置、反射型光通信装置 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
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-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/005—Optical Code Multiplex
- H04J14/007—Orthogonal Optical Code Multiplex
Definitions
- Optical code multiplexing for multiplexing a plurality of data sequences so that they can be separated by different optical codes, quadrature phase modulation (QPSK, QUADRATURE Phase Shift Keying) or quadrature
- QPSK quadrature phase modulation
- quadrature phase modulation QPSK, QUADRATURE Phase Shift Keying
- quadrature phase modulation QPSK, QUADRATURE Phase Shift Keying
- quadrature phase modulation QPSK, QUADRATURE Phase Shift Keying
- the present invention relates to an optical communication system in which amplitude modulation (QAM, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) technology is applied to optical communication, and an optical transmission device, an optical reception device, and a reflection type optical communication device used in the system.
- QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
- PON Passive Optical Network
- pseudorandom spreading codes that are orthogonal to each other are assigned to each accommodation station, and It has been proposed that a station modulates and transmits an optical signal according to an assigned spreading code, and multiplexes these optically modulated signals at a central station and transmits the signal further away.
- a conventional technique for performing optical frequency encoding in the optical frequency domain using each of the spreading codes will be described below.
- Figure 1 schematically shows the configuration and optical frequency coding (wavelength coding) for one channel in the optical code multiplexing optical communication system.
- an optical signal 20 with a broadband wavelength from the light source 10 is incident on the encoder 11, and only the wavelength component of the selected wavelength 31 of the encoder 11 is cut out as the passing wavelength light 21 and the optical signal is wavelength-encoded. Is done.
- the encoded passing wavelength light 21 is transmitted to the decoder 12 on the receiving side through the optical fiber 13.
- the passing wavelength light 21 only the code from the corresponding encoder 11 in the decoder 12 passes through the selected wavelength 32 of the decoder as the passing wavelength light 22 and is decoded.
- the passing wavelength light from the encoder of the spreading code not corresponding to the decoding code of the decoder 12 becomes, for example, the passing wavelength light 2 depending on the selected wavelength, and this passing wavelength light Depending on the selected wavelength 32 of the decoder 12, all the chips (optical frequencies or wavelengths) in the code do not pass, and only some of them pass, As a result, the light is not decoded and becomes the noise light 22 '.
- the encoder 11 and the decoder 12 are described in, for example, Non-Patent Document 1.
- the wavelengths used for them are specific wavelengths, and the wavelength of the input optical signal 20 to the encoder 11 and the selected wavelength 31 of the encoder 11 are respectively different from the specified absolute wavelength. Fluctuation is almost unacceptable. For this reason, the receiving side notifies the transmitting side of the wavelength of the transmission optical signal and the selected wavelength 31 of the encoder 11, and the transmitting side determines the outgoing light 20 of the light source 10 and the selected wavelength 31 of the encoder 11 according to this notification. There was a problem that had to be calibrated.
- Non-Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 1 (issued on February 2, 1999) have been proposed.
- a Mach-Zehnder filter or a Fabry-type filter in which light emitted from a broadband light source such as an LED (light emitting diode) having a wavelength width of several tens of nm is made of a material having a small temperature dependence of a selected wavelength is used.
- a wavelength is selected by a sign function using a filter and wavelength coding is performed, that is, a wavelength is assigned to each data sequence at a different cycle.
- a binary data sequence is transmitted by intensity modulation that interrupts an optical signal depending on whether each data is a space or a mark.
- Non-Patent Document 2 T. Pfeiffer et al., Electronics Letters vol.33 No.25 pp 2441-2442, 1997, "High Speed optical network for asynchronous multiuser access applying periodic spectral coding of broadband sources"
- Non-patent Document 3 Takeyuki Imai et al., "Interoperability of WDN-PON System Terminal Using Reflective SOA” 2003 IEICE Communications Society Conference B-10-50
- Non-patent Document 4 J11 S. et al., "Fiber transmission characteristics of wavelength channel data rewriter using semiconductor optical amplifier” 2003 IEICE Communications Society Conference B-10-51 Disclosure of Invention
- the frequency difference of light allocated to the first data sequence is ⁇ 1 and the reference optical frequency wavelength is 10; a number of periods that are not only one period of the optical frequency ⁇ ⁇ — ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ Includes: 1 0; 1 0 + 2 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 0- ⁇ 0 + 3 ⁇ 1, ... and assigned with a wide optical frequency width including a plurality of periods, and the optical frequency ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ 0 + ⁇ is assigned to the second data sequence. Including a large number of periods, not just one period of 2, 0— ⁇ 0 +2 ⁇ 2, ⁇ 0— ⁇ 0 + 3 ⁇ 2, etc.
- a series includes not only one period of optical frequency ⁇ 0— ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ 3 but also multiple periods ⁇ ⁇ — ⁇ 0 +2 ⁇ 3, 30— ⁇ 0 + 3 ⁇ 3,... Are assigned in a wide optical frequency width including, and so on. In this way, the S / N is improved.
- Non-Patent Document 4 Although the information transmission efficiency of the device shown in Non-Patent Document 4 is better than that of Non-Patent Document 3 in that unmodulated continuous light is not transmitted from the central station, the extinction ratio of the downstream optical signal transmitted by the central station is deteriorated.
- the downstream optical signal having a low extinction ratio can be used as an upstream optical signal for information transmission at the accommodation station. For this reason, the communication quality deteriorates because the extinction ratio of the downstream optical signal is poor.
- the present invention has the first surface and the third surface, each uses the Ban-me code function Ci (f) and its inversion function (l_Ci (f)), which satisfy the following conditions. Fulfill.
- the optical frequency width FSR is the optical frequency width of a common multiple of the repetition period of the function of each code in the range from the predetermined optical frequency Fst to the predetermined optical frequency Fla.
- the inversion function of the function Ci (f) is a function (1-Ci (f)) obtained by subtracting this function Ci (f) from 1, and the function Ci (f) and the function (1-Ci (f)) between
- Ci (f) -Cj (f) df ⁇ Ci (f) ⁇ (1-1 Cj (f)) df holds.
- the i-th code function Ci (f) and its inverse function corresponding to the value are applied to each data of a binary data sequence on the transmitting side, applied to optical code communication.
- (L_Ci (f)) generates and transmits an optical code signal having at least one of the optical intensity frequency characteristics at least for a period FSR in which the functions are orthogonal to each other;
- the first difference signal corresponding to the difference between the optical intensity of the optical signal whose optical intensity frequency characteristic is (l_Ci (f)) and the corresponding second intensity signal Replay the data sequence.
- quadrature phase modulation is performed in a pseudo manner
- the binary data sequence is separated into a plurality of separated data sequences, and for each of the separated data sequences, at least one of the function corresponding to the value and the inversion function for each data with respect to the function of the code different from each other is used.
- An optical signal having an intensity frequency characteristic is synthesized, and these optical signals are combined and transmitted as an optical code signal.
- the light intensity differences of the optical signals having these functions as the light intensity frequency characteristics are respectively obtained.
- the present invention is applied to reflection type optical communication and has at least an optical frequency width FSR
- a received optical signal whose light intensity frequency characteristic is the function Ci (f) or the inversion function (1 Cj (f)) is input, and the received signal is filtered by the encoder whose frequency characteristic is the function Ci (f).
- the received optical signal is input to the inverted encoder having the inverted function (1 Ci (f)), and the inverted optical signal is output.
- An optical signal and an inverted optical signal are selected and multiplexed according to the value of each data of the input binary data sequence and transmitted as an optical code signal.
- the function Ci (f) is continuously repeated, and the optical code signal corresponding to the optical frequency width FSR at any position within the frequency range of Fst—Fla Therefore, even if the optical frequency of the light source or encoder of the optical transmitter or the decoder of the optical receiver drifts, it is necessary to notify the receiver of the transmission optical frequency and adjust the optical frequency on the transmitter. No need.
- many optical code signals can be optical code multiplexed by using a plurality of data sequences in which the optical intensity frequency characteristics Ci (f) of the optical code signals are orthogonal to each other. It is not necessary to widen the optical frequency width as long as the optical frequency width of the optical code signal is equal to the FSR.
- the function of the light intensity frequency characteristic is controlled for each data of the separated data series, the function is compared with the case where the optical phase of the optical frequency signal is modulated.
- the control accuracy of the modulation is extremely coarse and can be easily realized.
- the configuration of the third aspect of the present invention it is not necessary to send an unmodulated downstream optical signal for returning as an upstream optical signal, and both the optical intensity frequency characteristic functions of the downstream optical signal and the upstream optical signal are orthogonal to each other. Regardless of whether the downlink data is a mark or a space, it is possible to output an upstream optical signal of the same mark or space with the same light intensity, which may degrade the communication quality without lowering the extinction ratio of the downstream optical signal. Absent.
- FIG. 1 (a) shows a system configuration of a conventional optical code multiplexing method
- FIGS. 1 (b) and 1 (c) respectively show a light source light wavelength, a code amount selection light wavelength
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of a multiplex communication system to which the first embodiment of the present invention is applied
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the optical transmitting device
- FIG. 2B is a diagram showing the optical receiving device.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating an optical transmitting device
- FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating an optical receiving device.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a communication system to which the first embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a diagram showing a drift of a light source frequency
- FIG. 5 (b) is a diagram showing an example of a coded optical frequency domain
- FIG. 5 (c) is a diagram showing an example of a decoded optical frequency domain.
- FIG. 6 (a), FIG. 6 (b), and FIG. 6 (c) are diagrams illustrating examples of spreading codes in the first embodiment, respectively.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an encoder according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a decoder according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a filter of an encoder Z decoder according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows a first-order Hadamard matrix
- FIG. 10 (b) shows a second-order Hadamard matrix
- FIG. 10 (c) shows a recurrence formula of a Hadamard matrix It is.
- FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b) are diagrams showing an example of a coding code (concatenated code) corresponding to a second-order Hadamard matrix used in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a decoder according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 (a) shows the case where the light source frequency drift does not occur
- FIGS. 13 (b) and 13 (c) show the light source light frequency and the coded light when the light source frequency drift occurs, respectively.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating examples of a frequency domain, an encoded optical signal, a decoded optical frequency domain, and a decoded filtered optical signal, respectively.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the decoder according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the filter of the encoder Z decoder according to the third embodiment.
- Garden 17 is a diagram showing still another configuration example of the filter of the encoder / Z decoder in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 20 (a) in Embodiment 3 shows the encoded optical frequency domain.
- Figure 2 without drift 0 (b) and (c) are diagrams showing a relationship example between each light source optical frequency, an encoded optical frequency domain, an encoded optical signal, a decoded optical frequency domain, and a decoded signal when there is a drift.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing still another configuration example of the filter of the encoder / decoder according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the encoder according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing still another configuration example of the decoder of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing still another configuration example of the encoder according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing still another configuration example of the decoder of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing still another configuration example of the decoder according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing still another configuration example of the decoder of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a combination of an encoder and a decoder according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 31 (a) shows the phase 0
- FIG. 31 (b) shows the phase ⁇ / 2
- FIG. 31 (c) Is the phase ⁇
- Fig. 31 (d) is the phase ⁇ / 2 case.
- FIG. 32-3 is a diagram showing an example in the case of the ⁇ -phase modulation output of FIG. 32-1.
- FIG. 33 shows a configuration example of the phase modulation section 130 in FIG. 30.
- FIG. 35 (a) is a diagram showing a configuration example of an optical transmission device in the embodiment 2-3
- FIG. 35 (b) is a diagram showing a modification of the modulator 132 in FIG. 35 (a).
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing signal points on coordinates in QPSK
- FIG. 36 (b) is a diagram showing a relationship among a data set, coordinate points, and a selected filtering phase.
- FIG. 37-2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an optical receiving device according to embodiments 2-4.
- Fig. 38 shows the signal points on the coordinates in QAM, and Fig. 38 (b) shows the data set and
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship between selected phases and intensities and respective outputs of comparators 241 and 242.
- FIG. 41 shows an example of a filtering characteristic in Examples 2-5, and FIG. 41 (a), FIG. 41 (b), and FIG.
- FIG. 41 (d) are diagrams for the cases of phase 0, phase ⁇ 2, phase ⁇ , and phase 3 ⁇ / 2, respectively.
- FIG. 42-2 is a diagram showing an example of the ⁇ / 2-phase modulation output of FIG. 42-1.
- FIG. 45 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an optical transmission device according to embodiments 2-8.
- FIG. 46 is a view showing an example of an optical chip of each S-chip light source in FIG. 45.
- FIG. 48-1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an optical transmission device in a communication system to which Embodiment 2-11 is applied.
- FIG. 48-2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an optical receiving device according to embodiments 2-11.
- FIG. 49 is a functional configuration diagram showing an example of a reflection type optical communication device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 50 (a) and 50 (b) are diagrams showing an example in which the optical frequency characteristic in the third embodiment is a chip function.
- FIG. 51 is a diagram showing a configuration example having a chip function as encoders 440M and 440S in FIG. 49.
- FIG. 52 is a functional configuration diagram showing another example of the device of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 53 is a functional configuration diagram showing an example in which a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit are juxtaposed in the device of the present invention.
- FIG. 54 is a view showing an example of a chip function in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 55 is a functional configuration diagram showing an example of an optical communication device facing the reflection type optical communication device of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 56 is a functional configuration diagram showing an example in which a transmission circuit and a reception circuit having trigonometric function filtering characteristics are provided side by side in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 57 is a functional configuration diagram showing another example of the light combiner in FIG. 53.
- FIG. 58 is a functional configuration diagram showing another example in which a transmission circuit and a reception circuit are provided side by side in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 59 is a functional configuration diagram showing an example in which a receiving circuit is cascaded after a transmitting circuit in Embodiment 3-5.
- FIG. 60 is a functional configuration diagram showing another example in which the receiving circuit is cascaded after the transmitting circuit in the embodiment 3-4.
- FIG. 61 is a functional configuration diagram showing an example in which a transmission circuit is cascaded after a reception circuit in Embodiment 3-5.
- FIG. 62 is a functional configuration diagram showing another example in which a transmission circuit is cascaded after a reception circuit in Embodiment 3-5.
- the first embodiment of the present invention enables optical code multiplexing, it does not require optical multiplexing, that is, the power applicable to optical communication of one data series. (Optical code multiplexing) is added in parentheses so that it can be easily distinguished from the state.
- a transmitting device and a receiving device to which the present invention can be applied will be described.
- Fig. 2 ( a ) An example of an optical transmission side device to which the first embodiment is applied will be described.
- n l, 2, ..., N (N is an integer of 2 or more), and the pair of the light source 10 and the encoder 11 is connected to the multiplexer 15 through the optical fiber 14.
- the data sequence D is input to each encoder 11, the data sequence D is encoded into an optical code signal by the encoder 11nnnn, and input to the multiplexer 15 through the optical fiber 14, and the other optical signals are transmitted.
- the signal and the code signal are combined, and the optical code multiplexed signal is output from the multiplexer 15.
- the multiplexer 15 is separated from the encoders 11,,.
- the distances between may be different.
- the light source 10 may be provided in common for the light units 11,..., 11. As shown in Fig. 2 (a)
- the configuration and the configuration shown in FIG. 3A may be combined.
- the optical receiving side device splits the optical code multiplexed signal input to the splitter 16 into N optical signals, and decodes them through optical fibers 18, 12
- the distributor 16 and the decoders 12, ..., 12 may be provided at the same location.
- FIG. 4 shows one communication system to which Example 11 of the first embodiment can be applied.
- This embodiment 11 includes a light source 10, an encoder 11, a decoder 12, and an optical transmission line (optical fiber) 13, similarly to a conventional optical communication system. Since there is a difference in the dependent propagation delay time, the dispersion compensator 17 for leveling and compensating for the delay time between the transmission and reception of each frequency component constituting the optical code signal to be the same is used in this embodiment. Now we have.
- the optical frequency band to be compensated by the dispersion compensator 17 is at least wider than the optical frequency band used as an optical code signal.
- the light source 10 generates an optical signal having an optical frequency width at least corresponding to the code length FCL (corresponding to FSRi described later) in the optical frequency range (optical frequency Fst—Fla) to be encoded by the encoder 11. Output.
- the optical signal 20 from the light source 10 is encoded by the encoder 11 into an optical code signal in the optical frequency domain. Is done.
- the encoder 11 used in the embodiment 11-1 differs from the encoder in the conventional optical communication system in that an optical code signal having the same code length FCL of all code-codes (codewords) used in the optical communication system is used. , Generated in the optical frequency domain.
- the optical code signal in the optical frequency domain has the following properties.
- the intensity of the n-th optical code signal is a function of the optical frequency f (also referred to as an encoding code) Cn (f), and the function value Cn (f) is a value from 0 to 1, and
- the integral value of the function value Cn (f) in the section of an arbitrary code length FCL in the optical frequency domain Fst—Fla in the encoding target is a value obtained by dividing FCL by 2, and the light having the light transmittance in the encoder 11 is obtained.
- the same function C n (f) is repeated at a period of the code length FCL in the encoding target frequency region Fst-Fla. Also, the following equation is established.
- an optical code signal whose optical frequency characteristic function of light intensity is Cn (f) is also denoted as Cn (f), that is, Cn (f) represents the n-th encoded code or the n-th optical code signal.
- Cn (f) represents the n-th encoded code or the n-th optical code signal.
- n-th (optical code signal) corresponds to the term “n-th (optical code signal)” in other embodiments
- the notation “(function or coding code) Cn (f)” is used in other embodiments. This corresponds to “(optical frequency characteristic function or sign) Cn (f)” in the embodiment.
- the decoder 12 that decodes the optical code signal generated by the encoder 11 has one cycle corresponding to the n-th optical code signal Cn (f).
- a function (also referred to as a decoding code) Dn (f) equal to the FCL is continuously repeated in the optical frequency domain to be decoded, and Dn (f) is represented by the following equation.
- C (f) is a value obtained by inverting the magnitude of the light intensity of the n-th code Cn (f), and its function value C (f) is an inverted value of the function value Cn (f).
- the inner product of the value Cn (f) at the optical frequency f of the n-th optical code signal and the decryption code Dn (f) of the decoder that decodes the n-th optical code signal is expressed by the encoder optical frequency domain.
- the integrated value of the optical frequency f over the continuous optical frequency range of the code length FCL included in the decrypted optical frequency domain of the decoder and the decoder is a non-zero finite value FCL / 4, and the following equation holds.
- J Cn (f) -Dn (f) df FCL / 4 (5)
- Equation (5) is performed using the optical frequency width FSR of the light source.
- the FSR is just a natural number times the code length FCL.
- the area is set to be larger than the code length FCL of the optical code signal.
- an optical signal having an optical frequency width of at least the code length FCL input from the light source is encoded in the optical frequency domain to generate and output an optical code signal Cn (f).
- the length of the output optical code signal Cn (f) is one code length FCL for one data. For example, when the data is "1" (mark), the optical code signal Cn (f) is output for one code length, and when the data is "0" (space), the optical code signal Cn (f) is not output. Marks and spaces correspond to one and the other of the two types of modulation unit signals.
- the input light is understood as understood from Expressions (3) and (5).
- the first to eleventh embodiments have the same code length FCL, which is the optical frequency width in which all optical code signals are orthogonal to each other, and
- the optical frequency characteristic of the transmittance is Cn (f) continuously repeated in the optical frequency range FSR to be encoded, and the optical frequency characteristic of the transmittance of the decoder 12 is also subject to the decoding. Since Dn (f) is continuously repeated in the optical frequency domain Fst—Fla, each optical code signal has the properties shown in Equations (1) and (2), and the integration interval is Even if it is changed, the integral value of the inner product of each optical code signal at the decoder does not change.
- the optical frequency width of the light source encoded by the code is constant, and the optical frequency is included in the encoded optical frequency domain of the encoder and the decoded optical frequency domain of the decoder. Therefore, the optical code signal of the corresponding encoder is received by the decoder as an optical code signal having the same input strength due to a change in the optical frequency of the light source, and other optical code signals not corresponding to this decoder are received. Interference does not increase. For example, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), the optical frequency of the output optical signal from the light source 10 is f
- 1 f is the coded optical frequency domain of the encoder 11 and the decoder 12 shown in Figs. 5 (b) and 5 (c), respectively.
- decoding of the optical code signal with the drifted optical frequency is performed by the input optical frequency domain. This is performed by integrating the inner product of the code multiplexed signal and the decoded code Dn (f) with the FSR corresponding to the optical frequency width of the light source (equal to the code length FCL in this example). Because of the relationship (2), the same decoding result as before the drift is obtained, and there is no increase in interference. Similarly, good decoding is performed even if the encoded optical frequency domain and the decoded optical frequency domain shift due to drift.
- the optical transmission band of the optical fiber that transmits the optical code multiplexed signal generated by the multiplexer 15 sufficiently covers the optical frequency fluctuation of the light source due to the optical frequency width FSR of the light source. It is sufficient if the degree is large.
- the coded optical frequency domain and the decrypted optical frequency domain may be the same as the optical transmission band. That is, in the first embodiment, since the codes are orthogonal to each other, the optical frequency width FSR of the light source is the same as the code length FCL of all the codes, and in this case, the optical frequency width required for transmission over the optical fiber is the code length The optical frequency width obtained by adding the optical frequency variation of the light source to the FCL.
- the conventional technology shown in Reference 2 uses a periodic code having a different code length between spreading codes.Because it is necessary to cancel intersymbol interference, a broadband light source for extracting a sufficient number of sine function light periods is required.
- the optical band The light source 10 is not required, and the light emitted from the light source 10 needs only the optical frequency width (period width) corresponding to the same code length FCL. It is possible to suppress waveform deterioration due to the influence of dispersion and the problem of transmission band limitation. Further, by providing the dispersion compensator 17, it is possible to reduce collapse of orthogonality between codes due to a difference in transmission distance.
- the optical frequency region to be encoded by the encoder has an optical frequency width larger than the code length FCL of the optical code signal.
- An optical code signal having the characteristic shown in (6) is used, and the dispersion compensator 17 is provided, for example, immediately before the decoder as shown by a broken line in FIG. 2 (b), or by a broken line in FIG. 2 (b). As shown in Fig.
- Example 12 of the first embodiment is an example that embodies example 11 and uses a trigonometric function as the encoding function C (f).
- a when using the smallest possible value of a (positive integer) and generating a number of codes with the same a value, a is from 1 to the maximum number of codes (the maximum number of accommodated encoders).
- N can be expressed as the n-th optical code signal Cn (f) where N is an integer value up to ⁇ / and r is the remainder of 0, 1,..., _1.
- the optical code signal function value Cn (f) is a value from 0 to 1, and the integral value of the encoder 11 for an arbitrary code length FCL at the optical frequency to be encoded is FCLZ2.
- the optical transmission characteristic repeats the function value Cn (f) at a period of the code length FCL, and satisfies the equations (1) and (2) in the embodiment 1-1.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the optical code signal Cn (f) of the embodiment 1-2.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 6 is the optical frequency normalized by the code length FCL, and the vertical axis is the intensity.
- This optical code signal Cn (f) has an intensity in which the single-frequency optical signal corresponding to each chip changes analogously in the order of arrangement when Cn (f) is not equal to 0. This is different from a spread code having a single-frequency optical signal of "1" or "0".
- the decoding code Dn (f) of the decoder 12 for decoding the n-th optical code signal Cn (f) is expressed by the following equation.
- the inner product of the ⁇ -th optical code signal Cn (f) and the n-th decoded Eich code Dn (f) that decodes the n-th optical code signal is obtained by dividing The value integrated over the continuous frequency domain for the code length FCL included in the frequency domain becomes a non-zero finite value FCL / 4, and the n-th optical code signal Cn (f) and the m-th optical code other than the n-th optical code signal.
- the inner product of the signal and the decoding code Dm (f) of the decoder that decodes the signal is integrated over the continuous frequency domain of the code length FCL included in the coded optical frequency domain of the encoder and the decoded optical frequency domain of the decoder. Is zero, which satisfies Expressions (5) and (6) in Example 11-1.
- FIG. 7 shows a configuration example of the encoder 11 used in the embodiment 1-2.
- a Mach-Zehnder interferometer consisting of two sets of paths 41 and 42 having different lengths, and two sets of power brass 43 and 44 optically coupled to these and multiplexing and demultiplexing each input light to two sets of paths is provided. Used as n for encoder 11. Light input to one of the input ports of the coupler 43 is input to the routes 41 and 42 from the two output ports, respectively.
- One output port of the power bra 44 mainly outputs light having an optical frequency determined by the optical path length difference between the routes 41 and 42 and an optical frequency component that is an integral multiple thereof, and the other output port mainly outputs other optical frequency components. Is output. Since the selection characteristic of the optical frequency is not an on-off characteristic but a gradual characteristic, for example, in FIG.
- the selected optical frequency (standardized) is set to fl, and the intensity is selected at the selected optical frequency fl.
- fl Becomes a cosine wave light output of 1. Therefore, the light of the n-th optical code signal Cn (f) shown in the equation (7) is output as the output A from one output port of the force bra 44.
- the inverted optical code signal Cr ⁇ (f) is output as the output B from the other output port.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration example of the decoder 12 used in the first and second embodiments.
- An optical code multiplexed signal is input to a Mach-Zehnder interferometer 55 composed of two sets of paths 51 and 52 having different optical path lengths and couplers 53 and 54 for optically coupling light to the two sets of paths.
- An optical frequency signal of the n-th code Cn (f) shown in equation (7) is output as one output A on the output side, and the light intensity of the output is detected as an electric signal by the detector 56a. .
- an optical code signal Ct ⁇ (f) obtained by inverting the n-th optical code signal Cn (f) shown in Expression (7) is output, and the light of the output Ci ⁇ (f) is output.
- the intensity is detected as an electric signal by the detector 56b.
- Output A corresponds to the inner product value of the input optical code multiplexed signal and code code Cn (f)
- output B outputs the input optical code multiplexed signal and the encoded code Cn (f) from 1.
- the output of the detector 56a includes the output A within the range of the optical frequency domain Fst—Fla to be decoded.
- the output of the detector 56b corresponds to the value integrated with respect to the optical frequency f of the optical frequency width FSR of the light source, and the output of the detector 56b is the optical frequency width FSR of the light source included in the optical frequency range Fst—Fla to be decoded.
- the intensity obtained by subtracting the light intensity detected by the detector 56b from the light intensity detected by the detector 56a by the intensity difference detector 57 is output, and the decoded output from the decoder 12 is obtained. For example, if the output of the intensity difference detector 57 is equal to or greater than the threshold, data "1" is output, and if not, data "0" is output.
- Embodiment 1-2 as in Embodiment 1-1, unlike the conventional example of Reference 2 using a periodic code having a different code length between different optical codes, the optical code signals are different from each other. Since they are orthogonal, the sum of the inner products of the code lengths of the different optical code signals is zero, and there is less intersymbol interference than the conventional example using a non-orthogonal periodic code.
- the optical frequency width of the optical output of the light source encoded by the encoding code is constant, and the optical frequency of the output light from the light source is equal to the encoded optical frequency range of the encoder and the optical frequency of the decoder. If it is included in the decoding frequency range, it is not affected by the change in the optical frequency of the light source, as in Example 1-1.
- the conventional example using a non-orthogonal periodic code it is not necessary to have a light source that outputs light over multiple periods so that intersymbol interference can be neglected sufficiently.In other words, the optical frequency bandwidth of the output light from the light source does not need to be particularly wide. It is not necessary to make the width wider enough to cover the optical frequency fluctuation of the light source than the width FSR, so it is possible to suppress the problem of waveform degradation and transmission band limitation due to the influence of the chromatic dispersion of the transmission line. .
- the optical code signal is output only at the time of data “(mark)” in the data series in the example described above as the embodiment 1_2, the optical code signal may be output at the time of data “0” (space).
- the n-th optical code signal Cn (f) is output with data "1" (mark) in the n-th data series, and the inverted optical code signal C (n) of the n-th optical code signal Cn (f) with data "0" (space) f), and the encoder 11 for this purpose is shown in FIG.
- the switch 45 is controlled by each data of the data series Dn, and when the data is "1" (mark), the output A is output. When it is "0" (space), output B is output as a non-return-to-zero optical modulation signal.
- Equations (11) and (12) hold when there is space.
- the integration is performed with the optical frequency width FSR of the light source, and the width FSR is equal to the code repetition optical frequency width FCL.
- a switch 45 is provided in front of the input-side force bra 43 so that the input light is transmitted to one of the two input ports of the force bra 41 and the other of the data Dn mark and space. And the output light may be output only from one output port of the output-side coupler 44.
- the sign of the mark ("1") and the sign of the space ("0") may be exchanged. That is, the association between the mark ("1") and the space ("0") and the optical code signals Cn (f) and Ci ⁇ (f) may be arbitrary.
- the encoder 11 may be configured as shown in FIG. Like the LN modulator,
- planar lightwave circuit board 46 made of, for example, a LiNbO crystal having an optical effect, two
- Waveguides 47 and 48 are constructed, and these are brought close to each other near both ends of the waveguides 47 and 48 to form force bras 43 and 44, respectively.
- An electric field is applied to at least one of the paths 41 (or 42) in order to provide a delay difference between the two sets of paths 41 and 42 formed by the waveguides 47 and 48 between the force bras 43 and 44.
- a pair of electrodes 49 is provided. The voltage applied to the path (waveguide) between the pair of electrodes 49 is such that an optical frequency (wavelength) signal satisfying the equation (7) corresponding to each optical code signal Cn (f) is selectively output by the encoder 11. Is adjusted as follows.
- routes 51 and 52 and force bras 53 and 54 are configured on a planar lightwave circuit board, and the decoder 12 is similarly used as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, that is, a filter.
- the voltage applied to the electrode 49 is adjusted so as to satisfy the expression (8).
- the coding code Cn (f) or the decoding code Dn (f) can be changed by changing the voltage applied to the electrode 49, which differs for each coding code. Since it is not necessary to create an encoder / decoder pair, the manufacturing cost of the device can be reduced.
- two sets of encoders 11 and 11 are formed on the same planar lightwave circuit board 46 in which the temperature changes homogeneously. (7) nmnm
- the n-th optical code signal Cn (f) and the m-th optical code signal Cm (f) having the same value of a and different values of r are generated.
- the two optical code signals Cn (f) and Cm (f) have the same optical frequency characteristics and ⁇ / 2 Because of the phase difference, the encoders 11 and 11 that encode each
- the intensity of the chip which is each optical frequency component constituting the optical code signal, is 1 or 0.
- a configuration example of a communication system to which this embodiment 13 can be applied may be the same as that shown in FIG.
- optical code signal generated by the encoder 11 in the embodiment 13 is equivalent to the optical code signals in the embodiments 1_1 and n.
- the first and Nth optical code signals have the same code length FCL and are orthogonal to each other.
- Such an optical code signal has the following properties.
- the number of "1" chips and the number of "1" in a chip string obtained by arbitrarily extracting consecutive chips of the code length FCL from the concatenated code obtained by consecutively repeating the concatenated code Cn (f) of the code length FCL The same position of the chip arrangement between the chip rows in which consecutive chips of the code length FCL are arbitrarily extracted from the different concatenated codes generated from the different coded codes, with the number of chips balanced (the same number) In this case, the number at which the chip value becomes "1" at the same time is equal to the number at which the chip value becomes "1" at the same time.
- the code length is simply an infinite number without a unit. From this point, the code length can be said to be the optical frequency width FCL where the code repeats, including the above-mentioned embodiment
- Such a code can be created using, for example, a Hadamard code.
- a first-order Hadamard matrix H is shown in FIG. 10 (a)
- a second-order Hadamard matrix H is shown in FIG. (c)
- the Hadamard code is the n of the Hadamard matrix
- Lines other than the first line are fetched and 0 is replaced by 1 and 1 is replaced by -1.
- the Hadamard codes are code 2 [0101] in the second row, code 3 [0 011] in the third row, and code 4 [0110] in the fourth row.
- the concatenated codes obtained by concatenating these codes 2-4 continuously and repeatedly are [ ⁇ ⁇ '0101010101 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ], [ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0011001100 11 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ], [— 011001100110 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ].
- the concatenated code of code 3 and the concatenated code of code 4 have a relationship in which the one-chip code is shifted, the same coded code is used in this embodiment 13 and therefore, only one of them is used.
- Wavenumbers are sequentially assigned, and an optical frequency component corresponding to a chip of “1” in the input light is selectively output and encoded.
- Code C (0101) concatenated code and corresponding selected optical frequency of encoder
- the selected optical frequency is as shown in FIG.
- Encoder 11 is a natural number multiple of the code length FCL from the light source or slightly wider than this
- the input light with the continuous optical frequency width F is input, and therefore the concatenated code of the coding code Cn (f) is input.
- the decoder 12 also corresponds to the concatenated code and corresponds to the optical frequency component of the input light (
- FIG. 12 shows a configuration example of the decoder 12.
- Optical code multiplexed signal is filtered by splitter 61
- An optical frequency signal that is, an optical frequency signal corresponding to the same chip is filtered and selected by a filter 62b, and a code obtained by inverting the coding code of the corresponding encoder 11 and the corresponding optical frequency n
- the optical intensity of the optical frequency signal selected by the filter 62a is detected by the detector 63a, and the optical intensity of the optical frequency signal selected by the filter 62b is detected by the detector 63b.
- the output of 63b is subtracted by the intensity difference detector 64 and output. In this way, from among the lights output from the encoder 11, at least consecutive n
- FIGS. 13A and 13B it will be described that Embodiment 13 is not affected by the drift of the light source light frequency.
- Figure 13 (a) shows the state without drift of the light source wavelength.
- the light source outputs an optical signal 20 having a code length FCL or a continuous light source frequency width F slightly wider than the code length FCL.
- the optical signal 20 is converted by the encoder 11 in the optical frequency domain 31 into an optical signal n whose chip value corresponds to "1".
- the frequency signal is filtered (encoded) and an optical code signal 21 is generated and output.
- This optical code signal 21 is filtered and decoded as decoded light 22 by the decoder 12 in the decoded optical frequency domain 32 and decoded.
- the encoder 11 encodes the optical signal 20 in the encoded optical frequency domain 31 and outputs only A F
- the optical code signal 21 is output after being shifted in the same direction, and the decoding part of the input optical multiplexed signal is shifted in the same direction in the decoder 12, and the decoded light 22 is output.
- the code shift and the decode shift are performed at the portions shifted by ⁇ F in the respective ranges.
- the optical code signal 21 maintains an orthogonal relationship with a different optical code signal.
- FIG. 14 shows an example.
- Variable force bras 71 that can set the coupling ratio arbitrarily are connected in multiple stages via delay lines 72, and the optical output of the output port of each force bra 71 that is not connected to the delay line 72 out of the two output ports is phased.
- the light is aggregated by the combining power bra 74 via the shifter 73 and output as a filtered optical output signal. It is.
- the optical frequency selected by this filter can be set as desired, for example, as shown in Journal of Lightwave technology, vol. 12, No. 4, 1994, pp.
- the optical code signal can be transmitted in the optical frequency width corresponding to the code length FCL before the connection at most, the encoding method is required compared to the conventional sine function encoding method.
- the width of the optical frequency of the light source can be reduced, and the effect of chromatic dispersion on the transmission line can be reduced.
- the provision of the dispersion compensator 17 can reduce the collapse of orthogonality between a plurality of optical code signals due to the difference in transmission distance.
- the light source frequency is within the range of the optical frequency to be encoded which is configured by the concatenated code of the encoder, at least the code is obtained even if the light source optical frequency is shifted.
- the optical input has a frequency width equivalent to the code length FCL of the Dani code, regardless of the distance between the encoder and the decoder, the optical code signal from the encoder is transmitted to the corresponding decoder by the light source. It receives as the same input strength as before the frequency shift, and cancels intersymbol interference in order to maintain orthogonality to the optical input from other encoders that do not correspond to the decoder. Therefore, it is also possible to realize an optical communication system that does not require calibration of the light source frequency.
- FIG. 15 shows a modification of the decoder 12 in the first to thirteenth embodiments.
- the filter 62 outputs the optical frequency signal in the same order as the corresponding encoder 11, that is, the optical signal corresponding to the same chip of each "1".
- the frequency signal is selected and filtered as output A, and the corresponding encoder 11 and optical frequency selection
- the optical frequency signal n corresponding to the chip whose characteristics are inverted, that is, the encoder 11 does not select and filter.
- the signal is selected and filtered as output B and output.
- These outputs A and B from the filter 62 are input to the detectors 63a and 63b, and their light intensities are detected, respectively, and are detected from the output of the detector 63a.
- the output of the detector 63b is subtracted by the intensity difference detector 64 and output.
- the output of the intensity difference detector 64 is also branched and input to the control unit 65, and the control unit 65 shifts the selected filtered light frequency of the filter 62 in accordance with the input to maximize the output of the intensity difference detector 64. To do.
- FIG. 16 shows a specific example of the filter 62 in FIG.
- the filter 62 can be used as an encoder.
- the filter 62 is connected to two sets of paths 76a and 76b having different optical path lengths by a delay line 75, and these two sets of paths 76a and 76b.
- It is composed of a multi-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer composed of a power bra 77 for demultiplexing and a phase shifter 73 inserted into one of the routes 76a and 76b, and periodically selects an optical frequency.
- the selected filtered light frequency (light filtered frequency characteristic function) by the filter 62 is, for example, Journal of Lightwave technology, vol.1 J, No.
- both ports of the output of the power bra in each stage are supplied to the next stage, and the output A is 1/2 of the input at the final stage power plug 77.
- the filter shown in FIG. Since the output of the filter is one-fourth of the number of stages of the coupler 74, when used as an encoder, the filter shown in FIG. 16 has less branch loss due to a power bra.
- the filter 62 shown in FIG. 15 can use the filter shown in FIG. 16 or the filter shown in FIG. 14, for example.
- One or more of the line delay, the phase shifter shift, and the branching ratio of the variable force bra may be adjusted.
- the optical frequency width required for orthogonality is FCL
- this adjustable maximum value is equal to FCL.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of the filter 62 that can adjust the selected light frequency.
- the amount of delay can be changed by using an electrode or a heater to generate a change in the refractive index using the birefringence change due to an electric field or using the thermo-optic effect due to temperature as described with reference to FIG.
- Delay line 75 ' is used to adjust the optical path difference between routes 76a and 76b It is made possible.
- a multi-stage consisting of these routes 76a and 76b, two force brass 77 for multiplexing and demultiplexing light to two sets of routes, and a delay line 75 'inserted into one route and capable of changing the delay amount.
- a filter is constituted by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The optical frequency selected by this filter is changed by changing the delay amount of the delay line 75 'whose delay amount can be changed, so that the optical frequency selected by each Mach-Zehnder interferometer constituting the filter is shifted.
- a variable delay line is provided between a plurality of routes and two switches or force bras 77 and 78 for selectively connecting one route.
- Delay lines 75 75 (75 is zero delay) are connected in parallel.
- variable delay line further includes a route provided with a delay line 81, a route provided with no delay line, and a switch 82 connected to one of these routes. May be connected in multiple stages, and the switching state of the plurality of switches 82 may be changed to change the optical input delay amount.
- the delay lines 81 preferably have different delay amounts.
- the delay amount is adjusted by changing the combination of the delay lines 81 through which the optical input passes. In this configuration, the same effect can be obtained by using less delay lines and delay lines than those shown in FIG.
- FIG. 20 (a) shows a case where the drift of the encoder selection optical frequency (optical filtering frequency characteristic) is zero, and the operation is the same as the case shown in FIG. 13 (a). If the selected optical frequency drifts as shown in FIG. 20 (b), the optical input is filtered and encoded as the optical code signal 2. As shown in FIG. 20 (c), the selected optical frequency is relatively large When drifted, the optical input is filtered encoded as in optically encoded signal 21 ".
- the code length of each of the optical code signals, 21 " is FCL. Therefore, as described above, a chip continuous from the concatenated code is represented by the light source frequency FSR (expressed as F in FIG. 20).
- optical code signals 21 'and 21 "have the same properties. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 20 (b) and (c), the optical code signals twenty one
- the decoded coded signals 22 'and 22 "in which the respective optical frequency components of' and 2 ⁇ " are selected are obtained, and decoding can be performed well. If the decoding selective optical frequency drifts, the decoding selective optical frequency is shifted by using the decoder 12 described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 1 Another example of the filter of the encoder 11 and the decoder 12 of the embodiment 13 is shown in FIG.
- the power is input to the filter 84, which outputs the optical frequency signal of each chip constituting the code to a different port, and which is separated by the optical frequency corresponding to the code length. Output signals to the same port. For example, if the optical frequency F, F, F, and F are composed of chips and the chip frequencies are sequentially assigned in the order of the chip arrangement,
- a filter that repeatedly outputs a continuous optical frequency to different ports is a product of the number of light at the split optical frequency and the interval between the optical frequencies of each split light and the optical frequency output to the same port.
- An array waveguide grating type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer (AWG) in which the interval (Free Space Range) is equal to the code length FCL can be used.
- the Free Space Range defined by the AWG is different from the force S, which is abbreviated as FSR, and the optical frequency width FSR used in this specification, and according to the FSR in this specification, C / FCL ( C: speed of light) and expressed.
- the port for outputting the selected optical frequency of the encoded code of the filter 84, that is, the optical frequency signal corresponding to the “1” chip is connected to the power bra or the multiplexer 86 a via the path 85.
- the output of the power blur or multiplexer 86a is output as the output A.
- the optical frequency signal corresponding to the “1” chip of the code, ie, the port from which the unselected optical frequency signal is output, is connected to the power bra or the multiplexer 86b via the path 87, and the power bra is connected.
- the output of the multiplexer 86b is output as the output B.
- the coding code C (0011) shown in FIG.
- Ports 3 and 4 that output F + qFCL and F + qFCL to multiplexer 86b are connected to multiplexer 86a.
- the filter of encoder 11 and the decoder 1 According to the filter having the configuration shown in FIG. 21, the filter of encoder 11 and the decoder 1
- an array waveguide grating type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer AWG is used as compared to the above example, rather than a power bra that branches and combines light regardless of the optical frequency to generate a branch loss.
- using a multiplexer instead of a demultiplexer is advantageous in that optical loss due to branch loss can be reduced.
- This filter has fewer components and thus has the advantage of less light loss than the filter shown in FIG.
- the encoder 11 can also be configured as shown in FIG. A filter similar to the filter 84 in Fig. 21 is used, and whether each port is allowed to pass light through the routes 89, 89
- the chip of the code 91 in switch 91, ..., 91 is "
- FIG. 23 shows an example in which a decoder is configured using the filter 84. Switch the routes 89, ..., 89 connected to each port of the filter 84 to either the multiplexer 92a or the multiplexer 92b.
- ⁇ 93 are provided, and the switches 93, ⁇ , 93 are connected to the chip of the coding code “1”.
- the corresponding one is connected to the multiplexer 92a, and the corresponding one is connected to the multiplexer 92b.
- the outputs of the multiplexers 92a and 92b are supplied to detectors 63a and 63b, respectively.
- the subsequent configuration is the same as that shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 1 Another example of an encoder using the filter 84 is shown in FIG.
- the optical input is input to the filter 84 through the optical circulator 94, and routes 89, ⁇ ⁇ -, 89 connected to each port of the filter 84.
- the light is separated from the optical input and output from the urator 94a.
- Selective reflectors 95, ..., 95 are signs
- FIG. 25 Another example of the decoder using the filter 84 is shown in FIG. 25, and portions corresponding to those in FIGS. 23 and 24 are denoted by the same reference numerals. Select whether to reflect or conduct light at the end of the route 89,..., 89
- 96 are combined by a multiplexer 92a and supplied to a detector 63a. Passing
- the chip corresponding to the "1" chip is set to conduction, and the chip corresponding to the "1" chip is set to reflection. With this configuration, the number of multiplexers can be reduced by one with respect to the decoder shown in FIG.
- loss units 90 As shown by the broken lines in FIG. 21-FIG. 25, loss units 90,.
- 1 E 1 E is inserted to give an optical loss according to the light intensity ratio for each output path of the filter 48, and for each path that may be generated based on the array waveguide grating type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer AWG. It is desirable to level the light intensity difference of several dB. By doing so, noise due to the intensity of light intensity for each optical frequency can be reduced.
- the optical intensity output of the optical frequency signal is set to a positive output, and the optical intensity output of the optical frequency signal corresponding to "-1" is supplied to the intensity difference detector as a negative output.
- the outputs of the detectors 63 and 63 are supplied to the positive input terminal of the detector 64, and the n 1 3 2 4 outputs of the detectors 63 and 63 are supplied to the negative input terminal. Is the addition input n
- the input at the negative input terminal is used as a subtraction input, and the result of addition / subtraction is used as a decoded signal output.
- the outputs of detectors 63 and 63 are
- the signal is added and subtracted by the output unit 64 and output as a decoded signal.
- FIG. 27 shows still another example of the decoder using the filter 84. This is the case where an electric delay time adder is used as the dispersion compensator. Detector 63 for each output route of filter 84
- the detection output corresponding to each chip is electrically electrically delayed individually by the delay time adder 98, and the difference in the arrival time of each chip due to the different delay time for each optical frequency on the transmission line is leveled.
- Detector output after delay time leveling is intensity difference detector
- a filter that outputs an output A and its inverted code output B is used as a filter of the encoder 11,
- a switch 45 is connected to the output side of the filter, and the switch 45 is controlled by the data sequence D.
- the data is a mark ("1")
- the output A is output.
- the output of output B is switched and output as a non-return zero signal.
- Output In this case as well, the switch 45 may be provided on the input side instead of the output side of the filter as described with reference to FIG. Also, a gain of 3 dB can be obtained as in the case where the configuration shown by the broken line is added in FIG.
- a pair of encoder 11 and decoder n 12 are mounted on the same planar lightwave circuit board 46.
- the signs have the same value of a and the different value of r in equation (7).
- a pair of the encoder 11 and the decoder 12 is provided at one position of the communication system, and the communication system as a communication partner is provided.
- a pair of an encoder 11 and a decoder 12 is provided at the other position of the system.
- M for example, the set of planar m according to the optical frequency of the optical code signal received at m
- the temperature of the lightwave circuit board is adjusted as described with reference to FIG. Encoder 11
- the decoder 12 are mounted on the same planar lightwave circuit board where the temperature changes homogeneously.
- the optical frequency to be selectively filtered by the filter of the encoder 11 is controlled by the temperature adjustment.
- the optical frequency of the signal can be adjusted so that the cross-correlation value with the m-th decoded code whose temperature is not adjusted is low.
- FIG. 9 as in the case where two encoders 11 and 11 are configured on the same substrate 46, if an individual temperature change occurs, a code for encoding an optical code signal whose cross-correlation value is degraded respectively. Since the devices are mounted on the same planar lightwave circuit board whose temperature changes homogeneously, deterioration of the cross-correlation value can be suppressed.
- the temperature of the planar lightwave circuit board may be controlled by detecting the intensity of light transmitted through the encoder and detecting the intensity of the transmitted light.
- an optical signal whose light intensity frequency characteristic is a function Cm (f) is used for one value of the binary data, and an optical signal whose light intensity frequency characteristic function is (11 Cm (f)) is used for the other value.
- the temperature should be adjusted according to the difference between the intensities of the respective transmitted lights of both encoders.
- the one shown in Fig. 9 is used, the number of users that can be accommodated in the entire system is reduced by half because two coding codes are assigned to one user (user). According to the configuration shown in FIG.
- the first embodiment is also applied to the optical code signals having the relationship shifted to each other in the Hadamard code of Example 13 because the chip shift can be suppressed. I can do it.
- devices of a plurality of accommodation stations a plurality of optical fibers 13, 13, 13 for transmitting signals from these accommodation stations, and a signal from the plurality of optical fibers 13, 13, 13
- An optical communication system including a concentrator circuit 99 for concentrating the signal to the single optical fiber 13 and a central office device Cst receiving the optical signal after the concentrator from the concentrator circuit 99 via the single optical fiber 13 is assumed.
- the coder of each accommodation unit is arranged in a concentrator circuit 99 for concentrating optical signals from a plurality of optical fibers to a single fiber 13. That is, in this case, the configuration shown in FIG. In this way, regardless of the difference in the distance between the central office apparatus and the central office apparatus, the optical signal of the power of all the central office apparatuses can be made to have the same chromatic dispersion. The same dispersion compensation can be achieved for optical code signals.
- a single dispersion compensator that compensates so as to equalize the delay time depending on the optical frequency of the optical fiber 13 connecting the central station device from the concentrator 99, and the dispersion compensation of the optical code signals from all the encoders is achieved. it can.
- the encoders are centrally arranged, adjustment of the encoding characteristic optical frequency of all the encoders can be easily performed in one place.
- the description so far is based on the fact that an optical signal is input from the light source 10 to the encoder 11, and the optical filtering frequency characteristic of the encoder 11 corresponding to the code code Cn (f) is obtained.
- Cn (f) was added, and the nth optical code signal was generated intermittently according to the mark and the space.
- the coded code was changed.
- a chip light source for outputting an optical signal of a single optical frequency is provided corresponding to each of the constituent chips, and the chip light sources corresponding to 1 of the chips constituting the coding code Cn (f) are output. If the chip light source corresponding to 0 is not output, the chip light source is output at the time of marking according to the encoding code Cn (f), the space light is output, and the chip light source is not output even if it is shifted.
- the chip light source corresponding to 0 is not output, the chip light source is output at the time of marking according to the encoding code Cn (f), the space light is output, and the chip light
- the properties of the codes of Embodiment 13 are as follows. When any two coded codes are selected from the coded codes having different code lengths FCL, the first coded code and the second coded code are simultaneously set to "1" as the value of the corresponding chip on the chip array. Chip position Is equal to the number of chip positions where the first encoding code is "1" and the second encoding code is "1 1"
- a first chip row and a second chip each of which arbitrarily extracts consecutive chips of the code length FCL from each of different concatenated codes successively and repeatedly concatenated for any two different encoded codes.
- the number of chip positions where the first chip row and the second chip row are simultaneously "1" and the number of chip positions where the first chip row is "1" and the second chip row is "1 1" Are equal, or the number of chip positions where the first chip row and the second chip row are simultaneously "1 1", the first chip row is "1 1", and the second chip row is "1"
- the code is a code that satisfies at least one of the same number of chip positions, and consecutive optical frequencies are sequentially assigned to the chips that make up the code, corresponding to the arrangement.
- the light source light frequency width FSR is a natural number multiple of the code length FCL of each coding code Cn (f), and the light frequency range 31 to be coded by each coder 11 and the decoding light of each decoder 12 Both frequency regions 32 are within the optical frequency Fst-Fla, and Fla-Fst> FSR.
- Cn (f) Cn (f + FCL) is satisfied in the FSR of Fst-Fla, and the above-mentioned equation (13) is obtained between the inverted sign (l_Cn (f)) of Cn (f) and Cn (f).
- ⁇ dt represents the definite integral of f in any interval FSR from Fs to Fla.
- the second embodiment of the present invention is an embodiment in which the conventional problems are solved by performing phase modulation or phase amplitude modulation on a carrier in the optical frequency axis.
- FIG. 30 shows an optical communication system of Example 2-1 to which the second embodiment is applied.
- a transmission signal from the input terminal 101 is converted into a phase shift (phase shift value) system of less than one cycle in accordance with data of each V (V is an integer of 1 or more) data.
- the signal phase amount converter 110 converts the signal into an IJ, that is, a modulation phase sequence (also referred to as a modulation unit sequence).
- the optical signal from the light source 120 starts on the basis of a predetermined optical frequency (wavelength).
- the phase of the quasi-carrier on the optical frequency (wavelength) axis is converted by the signal phase amount converter 110 into each phase amount. Shift by 130.
- a pseudo carrier is sometimes simply called a carrier below.
- the term “pseudo-carrier” corresponds to the terms “optical frequency characteristic (function)”, “coding code or decoding code”, or “optical filtering frequency characteristic (function)” in other embodiments.
- the second embodiment is similar to QPSK or QAM modulation for a carrier on the time axis used in wireless communication technology, etc., but performs the same for a pseudo carrier on the optical frequency axis.
- the term “pseudo carrier” is mainly used.
- the shift amount means this).
- each of the data sets (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1) is converted to a phase amount 0, ⁇ 2, ⁇ , 3 ⁇ / 2 less than one cycle .
- the optical frequency difference from the reference optical frequency fs is the phase f
- one cycle 1 is 400 GHz
- 1 is added to the trigonometric function having the intensity of each optical frequency signal as a variable and divided by 2.
- the phase amounts 0, ⁇ / 2, ⁇ , and 3 ⁇ 2 have optical frequency characteristics in which the optical frequency is sequentially shifted by 100 GHz as shown in FIGS. 31 (a) and 31 (d).
- the light source 120 outputs an optical signal having an optical frequency width of at least the FSR.
- the received light is split by the splitter 210 into four filters 221, 222, 223, and 224 corresponding to the phase shift amounts of 0, ⁇ / 2, ⁇ , and 3 ⁇ 2, respectively.
- , 224 are detected by detectors 231,..., 234, respectively.
- the outputs of the detectors 231 and 233 and 232 and 234, which detect the phase shift amounts that are shifted from each other by a half-period phase and the corresponding filter intensities, are subtracted by comparators 241 and 242, respectively.
- the outputs of the comparators 241 and 242 are converted by the code signal converter 250 into a data set corresponding to the phase shift amount of the pseudo carrier, and output as a decoded data sequence.
- FIG. 32-1—FIG. 32-4 show the wavelength characteristic of the light source 120 of the embodiment 2_1, the intensity-time characteristic when a pulse light source is used, and the optical output of the modulation unit 130 according to each phase shift amount ⁇ .
- the leftmost column in each figure is the output light of the light source 120.
- the optical frequency width of the output light is 400 GHz, and the output light assumes a flat intensity over the entire wavelength.
- the optical frequency characteristics of the output light of the phase modulator 130 corresponding to the phase shift amounts 0, ⁇ / 2, ⁇ , and 3 ⁇ / 2 are shown in the second column from the left in Fig. 32-1 to Fig. 32-4, respectively. Is shown.
- the third column from the left of each figure shows the filtering frequency characteristics of the filters 221, 223, 222, and 224 of the optical receiver 200.
- Fig. 32-1-Fig. 32-4 shows the frequency characteristics of the transmitted light that has passed through each of the filters 221, 223, 222, and 224 when receiving the output light from the modulator in each of Figs. Shown in the fourth column from the left.
- Fig. 32-1 The rightmost system IJ in Fig.
- FIGS. 32-1 and 32-4 shows the time change of the intensity detected by detectors 231, ⁇ -, and 234, respectively.
- the power of the light source output light is 1, the same as the optical frequency characteristic of the output light of the modulating unit according to the phase shift amount with respect to the reference in the phase modulating unit 130 is obtained.
- the detector intensity of the filter with filtering characteristics is 0.375 (the first line in Fig. 32-1;
- the detector intensity corresponding to the filter whose filtering characteristics are shifted by ⁇ is 0.125 (3rd line in Fig. 32-1 and 4th line in Fig. 32-2).
- a comparator that compares the two outputs 0.25.
- the detector intensity of the filter in which the filtering characteristics are shifted by ⁇ / 2 and 3 ⁇ / 2, respectively, with respect to the frequency characteristics of the output light of the phase shift amount with respect to the reference in the phase modulation unit 130 is 0.25. (2nd and 4th rows in Fig. 3-1 and 3rd and 1st rows in Fig. 3-2). Therefore, a comparator that compares these detector outputs will obtain an output of 0.
- the detector and the comparator detect the transmitted light intensity for each optical frequency and compare these intensities.
- the output intensity of the comparator in the case of comparing the light intensity of each light pulse of the transmitted light of the filter is as follows. Shown in
- the output light of the phase modulator 130 is represented by the following equation.
- f means an optical frequency difference from the reference optical frequency.
- n l.
- One item on the left side corresponds to, for example, the output of the detector 231, and two items correspond to the output of the detector 233.
- the number M of possible phase shifts (phase shift values) of the pseudo carrier is an even number 4, and these phase shift amounts (phase shift values) are sequentially different by ⁇ / 2.
- Side uses the same number of filters as ⁇ , but if the possible phase shifts (values) of the quasi-carrier are not ⁇ shifted from each other, the A filter having the same characteristics as that of the output light and a filter having characteristics in which the phase is shifted by a half cycle ( ⁇ ) are used. Therefore, the optical receiver 200 requires 2 ⁇ filters and the same number of comparators as ⁇ .
- the value of ⁇ is arbitrary, but the phase shift amount (phase shift value) given to the carrier by the phase modulation unit 130 is different from the phase shift amount (phase shift value) in which the remainder ⁇ f in one cycle of the trigonometric function is different. Need to be
- the optical frequency characteristic of the output light of the light source 120 is flat.
- the transmission-side phase modulation unit or the reception-side filter may be used.
- weights may be assigned so as to equalize the intensity of each optical frequency.
- a single optical transmitting device 100 and optical receiving device 200 are shown in combination, and the present invention is also applicable when other optical transmitting devices and optical receiving devices share the same optical transmission line 300. Yes, in that case, set as follows.
- phase shift amount phase shift value
- the optical frequency of the light source 120 used is the same for the same FSR, and the same light is used for the optical frequency outside the FSR of the optical transmitter.
- the carrier frequency FSRZn differs for each optical transmitter. If the value of the period FSR / n is the same, if the number of phase shifts (shift values) to be modulated by the phase modulator 130 is set to M including the 0 phase, FSRZn / M is calculated as the reference optical frequency fs. The value must be unique among all-optical transmitters. However, if the same n is used by a different set of optical transmitter and receiver, only those that are shifted by 1/4 cycle are orthogonal. In this case, M becomes 4 and those shifted by half a cycle are used by the same pair of optical transmitter and receiver.
- the carrier function is a periodic function within the FSR, so the optical frequency outside the FSR is also modulated with the same function as the pseudo carrier. If a filter is used and the optical frequency of the light source is almost the same, the integral of the inner product of the two becomes zero, and they are orthogonal to each other and do not interfere between the carrier waves.
- the phase modulator 130 used in this embodiment includes a filter 131 and a modulator 132 that changes the filtering characteristic.
- the filter 131 is configured as shown in FIG.
- a Mach-Zehnder interferometer that splits input light into two sets of optical paths 131b and 131c having a predetermined optical path length difference by a coupler 131a and combines them again by a power bra 131d is used.
- the one provided on one path 131b and modulating the optical path length difference can be applied.
- Light passing through the routes 131b and 131c interferes with the power blur 131d, and a component at an optical frequency interval corresponding to the difference in route length is output. Since the optical frequency characteristic of this output light is periodic, if the frequency difference of the output light is, for example, 100 GHz, the filtering characteristic shown at the right end of FIG. 31 (a) can be obtained.
- the filter 131 that periodically filters an optical frequency like a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, interference can be removed even when the reference optical frequency fs is different from the FSR below the FSR.
- a phase shift amount signal from a signal phase amount converter 110 is applied to an electrode 49 on a planar lightwave circuit board, Is changed.
- the filter 131 and the modulator 132 are an integral component connected in series. That is, the modulator 132 is incorporated in the filter 131. As shown in FIG. 9,
- the signal phase amount converter 110 in the optical transmission device 100 distributes a data series from the input terminal 101 into two series in this example by a serial / parallel converter 110a, and the serial / parallel converter 110a
- the two data of the two series from are converted by the D / A converter 110b into a digital value 0 according to the combination (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1) of the input data. , 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and for example, a voltage having a magnitude corresponding to these values is applied to the electrode 49 in FIG.
- the phase of the pseudo carrier of the output light of the phase modulation section 130 changes as shown in FIGS. 31 (a) and 31 (d).
- the filter 131 in the optical transmission device 100 filters at least the optical frequency width FSR with the frequency of the light from the light source 120, and the filtering characteristic, that is, the transmittance (light intensity) of one light.
- the frequency characteristics are as follows.
- the transmittance (light intensity) of each phase is calculated by adding 1 to the trigonometric function of the period obtained by dividing the FSR by a natural number n, and calculating It follows the divided function.
- the code signal converter 250 in the optical receiver 200 receives the outputs 0 or 1 of the comparators 241 and 242 in parallel to the parallel-to-serial converter 251 and outputs them as a series of data signals. Output to terminal 201.
- the transmission signal input to the input terminal 101 of the optical transmission device 100 is restored and output to the output terminal 201.
- a carrier wave having positive and negative polarities and having no correlation between the carrier waves does not have positive and negative polarities obtained by cutting out a desired frequency repetition on the optical frequency axis.
- broadband light with an optical frequency width that is a natural number multiple of the period of the pseudo carrier is used, and the receiving side cancels the input of another pseudo carrier that is not to be received.
- differential detection even when using light with the same optical frequency, the correlation between pseudo carrier waves caused by trigonometric functions that are not orthogonal with a finite optical frequency width is removed, and a carrier wave without correlation is simulated.
- By modulating the phase of the simulated carrier it is possible to realize MPSK with control accuracy that reduces the control accuracy of the optical wavelength order. It will be described later that the second embodiment is basically based on the same concept as the first embodiment.
- the light filtered by the The modulator 132 controlled the phase of the pseudo carrier of the light.
- a plurality of filters 133a, 133b, 133c which filter an optical frequency according to a phase shift amount (value) which is a modulation amount at the time of modulation.
- the light from the light source 120 is split and input to the filter 133a-133d by the optical splitter 134.
- Light transmitted through these filters 133a-133d is selectively output by the modulator 131 in accordance with the modulation phase amount (value).
- the filters 133a and 133d have the filtering characteristics shown in Fig. 31 (a) and Fig.
- Each transmitted light of the filters 133a-133d is input to the optical switches 135a-135d constituting the modulator 132.
- the signal phase amount converter 110 two data of the output of the serial-parallel converter 110a are decoded by the decoder 110c, and the data sets (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, Outputs are generated at the output terminals 11a, 111b, 111c, and lld in accordance with 1), respectively, and the output of the output terminals 11 la—11 Id is set to the corresponding one of the switches 135a and 135d.
- Output light from the switches 135a and 135d is output to the transmission line 300 through the multiplexer 136.
- the switches 135a-135d of the modulator 132 are inserted between the splitter 134 and the filters 133a-133d, and the transmitted light of the filters 133a-133d is input to the multiplexer 136. You can combine them.
- the modulator 132 may be a modulator that inputs light from a light source only to a selected filter and transmits light from the selected filter.
- the embodiment 2-2 is different from the embodiment 2-1 in that there is no need to select a material that can be switched by a switching time for modulating the optical path length difference.
- the optical receiver 200 having the configuration shown in FIG. 30 can be used.
- the case where the number M of possible phase shifts (values) of the pseudo carrier wave is 4 is described as an example, but M can be arbitrarily set.
- Example 2_3 two sets of pseudo carriers having a phase shift of ⁇ are used as one set, and a different set of pseudo carriers having a phase shift of ⁇ / 2 is different from that of the two data sets of the transmission signal.
- FIG. 35 (a) shows an example of an optical transmission device to which Embodiment 2-3 is applied.
- the conditions for the light source 120 and the filter are the same as in the case of Examples 2-1 and 2-2.
- the two filters in each set differ in the phase shift of their filtering characteristics by ⁇ , Is shifted by FSR / 2 / ⁇ .
- Fig. 36 (a) shows an example of QPSK signal points (coordinate points) on complex coordinates
- Fig. 36 (b) shows an example of signal data sets for simulating QPSK, and sets of coordinate points and selected filtering phases.
- the phase shift of one set is 0 and ⁇
- the phase shift of the other set is ⁇ / 2 and 3 ⁇ / 2
- each coordinate point is shown in Fig. 36 (a). Shown on a circle.
- 0 and ⁇ in the set of phase shifts 0 and ⁇ correspond to 1 and _1 on the X axis, respectively, and ⁇ / 2, 371/2 in the set of phase shifts ⁇ / 2 and 3 ⁇ / 2 Equivalent to 1 and _1.
- the values on the ⁇ axis are shown on the left in parentheses, and the values on the y axis are shown on the right in parentheses.
- Phase modulation section 130 performs 0 phase shift or ⁇ phase shift in accordance with 0 or 1 of the upper bit (data) in the example of FIG. And the pseudo carrier light of ⁇ / 2 phase shift or 3 ⁇ / 2 phase shift according to the lower bit (data) 0 or 1 is output.
- it can be said that it is an optical code signal representing a combination code of two data in the data sequence for each modulation unit of the outputted pseudo carrier light.
- a zero-phase filter 133a and a ⁇ -phase filter 133c are combined to form a ⁇ / 2-phase filter 133b and a 3 ⁇ / 2-phase filter 133d. Are paired.
- Switching switches are provided as the modulators 132a and 132b, and the higher bit of the serial / parallel converter 110a of the signal phase converter 110 controls the switch of the modulator 132a. If the higher bit (data) power is 0 ", the modulation is performed. The switch of the modulator 132a is connected to the 0-phase filter 133a, and if "1", it is connected to the ⁇ -phase filter 133c. The lower-order bit (data) of the serial-parallel converter 110a is used as the switch as the modulator 132b. But If this lower bit is "0", it is connected to the ⁇ / 2-phase filter 133b, and if it is "1", it is connected to the 3 ⁇ / 2-phase filter 133d. The transmitted light of each filter, which is switched and output by each of the switching switches as the modulators 132a and 132b, is output to the optical transmission line 300 through the multiplexer 136.
- the input data sequence from terminal 101 is converted into a first separated data sequence (lower bit sequence) and a second separated data sequence (higher bit sequence) for each data by serial-parallel conversion unit (sequence conversion unit) 110a. ), And the modulation section 132b is controlled according to the value for each data of the first separated data series, and the modulation section 132a is controlled according to the value for each data of the second separated data series.
- the optical code signals of the corresponding pseudo carrier are output, and these optical code signals are combined and output as an optical code signal.
- the modulators 132a and 132b it is possible to select to which filter light is input. That is, as shown in FIG. 35 (b), the light from the light source 120 is split into two by a splitter 134, and one of the splitters is switched by a switch as a modulator 132a to a zero-phase filter 133a and a ⁇ -phase filter 13a. Switch to 3c, switch the other split light to ⁇ / 2-phase filter 132b and 3 ⁇ / 2-phase filter 132d by switch as modulator 132b, and pass through each filter 133a-133d The light may be output to the optical transmission line 300 through the multiplexer 136. Filters 133a- 133d Both the input and output sides of the switch are used as modulators of the switching switches so that light from the light source is input only to the selected filter and light from the selected filter is transmitted. Moore.
- the optical receiver corresponding to this embodiment can have the same configuration as that shown in FIG. However, since the comparators 241 and 242 output +1 or 1 1, one of the outputs from the comparators 241 and 242 is output by the conversion units 241 a and 242 a in the optical receiving device 200 in FIG. 1 is supplied to the code converter 250 as 0. Thus, it will be easily understood that the same signal sequence as the input transmission signal sequence of optical transmission device 100 can be obtained from code converter 250.
- Example 2-4 simulates 16QAM using a pseudo carrier, and in this example, 16 types of Two sets are simulated, in which the light from the light source is simulated into a pseudo carrier having a phase shifted by half a period ( ⁇ ) according to the data set.
- the phase shift amount differs by a quarter period ( ⁇ / 2) and has a phase shift relationship that is orthogonal.
- the optical intensity (amplitude) of these four pseudo carrier waves is binary, Transmit.
- Figs. 37-1 and 37-2 show configuration examples of Example 2-4. This is a case where the optical transmitter 100 shown in FIG. 37-1 uses four quasi-carrier generation filters 133a 133d of 0 phase, ⁇ 2 phase, ⁇ phase, and 3 ⁇ / 2 phase. The conditions for the light source 120 and the filters 133a-133d are the same as those of the embodiment 2-3.
- Figure 38 (a) shows the signal points (coordinate points) and data sets on the 16QAM coordinates (x-axis is the real part and y-axis is the imaginary part).
- Figure 38 (b) shows the pseudo carrier for each data set. The relationship between the phase shift and the light intensity (amplitude) is shown. For example, when the data set is (0000), light having a phase shift of 0 and an optical intensity of 3 and a light having an intensity of 3 and a phase shift of ⁇ / 2 are output to the transmission line 300, and the data set is (0101). In the case of), light having a phase shift of 0 and an intensity of 3 and a light having a phase shift of 3 ⁇ / 2 and an intensity of 1 are output to the optical transmission line 300.
- the signal transmitted from the terminal 101 is converted by the signal-phase-to-amplitude converter 140 into the phase-amplitude information indicating the phase shift and the intensity shown in FIG.
- the phase and amplitude modulating section 150 modulates the optical signal into two optical signals of a pseudo carrier phase and light intensity according to the phase amplitude information, and outputs the modulated signal to the optical transmission line 300.
- the input transmission signal sequence is divided into four signal sequences by, for example, the serial-parallel converter 110c.
- the phase-amplitude modulation section 150 is a filter 133a, 133b, 133c, 133d having zero, ⁇ / 2, ⁇ , and 3 ⁇ / 2 phase shift powers of the pseudo carrier, and two modulators 151 and 152. And a multiplexer 136. For each 4-bit (data) set obtained by sequentially extracting 1 bit (data) from the four signal sequences from the serial-to-parallel converter 110b, the modulator 151 outputs the highest order of the 4 data sets (Fig. 38 (b)).
- the switching switch 151a is controlled by the data on the left side).
- the switch 151a is connected to the 0-phase filter 133a when the data is 0, and is connected to the ⁇ -phase filter 133c when the data is 1 and outputs light from the switch 151a.
- the intensity is controlled by the third data from the top in the data set in the amplitude changing section 15 lb, and the data is output to the multiplexer 136 after being converted to the intensity 3 when the data is 0 and to the intensity 1 when the data is 1.
- Modulator 152 has four data sets
- the switching switch 152a is controlled by the data from the second position, and the switch 152a is connected to the ⁇ / 2-phase filter 133b when the data is 0, and is connected to the 3 ⁇ / 2-phase filter 133d when the data is 1.
- the intensity of the output light from the switch 152a is controlled by the lowest-order data in the data set in the amplitude changing unit 152b, and the data is output to the multiplexer 136 after being converted to the intensity 3 when the data is 0 and to the intensity 1 when the data is 1. .
- the input data sequence from the terminal 101 is sequentially sorted and separated into first to fourth separated data sequences by a serial-parallel conversion unit (referred to as a sequence conversion unit) 110c,
- the phase modulator 152a is controlled for each data of the third separated data series according to the value, and the phase modulator 15la is controlled for each data of the fourth separated data series according to the value.
- the amplitude changing unit 152b is controlled for each data of the separated data series according to the value, and the amplitude changing unit 15lb is controlled for each data of the second separated data series according to the value.
- modulators 151 and 152 may be inserted between the light source 120 and the filters 133a and 133d.
- the light from the light source 120 is split into two by the splitter 134, and one of the two lights is controlled by the modulator 151 to have the intensity of 3 or 1 according to the third data from the top by the amplitude changing unit 151b. Then, the controlled light is switched to the 0-phase filter 133a or the ⁇ -phase filter 133b by the switching switch 151a according to the most significant data and output.
- the intensity of the other light from the splitter 134 is controlled to 3 or 1 by the amplitude changing unit 151b in the modulator 152 according to the least significant data, and the controlled light is transmitted from the upper switch by the switching switch 152a. Switch to ⁇ / 2-phase filter 133b or 3 ⁇ / 2-phase filter 133d according to the second data and output.
- the input light is subjected to intensity control by the third data and the least significant data in the amplitude changing sections 151b and 152b, respectively, and any one of the two sets of filters is used. May be selected and output by the switching switches 151a and 152a according to the most significant data and the second data, respectively.
- the light from the light source is input to one of the filters of each set by the two switching switches 151a and 152a, and the output lights of the filters of each set are output to the amplitude change sections 15 lb and 15 2b, respectively.
- the intensity may be controlled and output.
- the optical receiver 200 is a power code signal converter 250 using the same filters as the filters 221 224, detectors 231-234, and comparators 241 and 242 shown in FIG. Instead, two levels including the polarity (positive or negative) of each output of comparators 241 and 242 (Intensity), that is, a code signal converter (data generating means) 260 that converts the data into four data sets corresponding to the four levels and outputs the data in series with the four data sets is used. That is, as the output of the comparators 241 and 242, any one of 3, 1, -1 and _3 shown in FIG. 38 (b) is output, and corresponding to the combination of these, the data set in FIG. Is output.
- a code signal converter data generating means
- a code signal converter 260 for example, as shown in the optical receiver 200 of Fig. 37-2, the outputs of the comparators 241 and 242 are respectively signed by A / D converters 261 and 262. Is converted to a 3-bit digital value including the (sign), and by reading the conversion memory 265 with these 3-bit digital values (total of 6 bits) as addresses, the correspondence shown in FIG. 38 (b) can be obtained.
- a 4-bit data set is output, and the output data set is converted to serial data by a parallel / serial converter (data generation means) 266 and output to an output terminal 201. It is assumed that the relationship between the address and the data to be read is stored in advance in the conversion memory 265 so that the relationship between the comparator output and the data set shown in FIG. 38 (b) can be obtained.
- a carrier having positive and negative polarities and having no correlation between the carriers is converted to a desired frequency on the optical frequency axis.
- a broadband light with an optical frequency width that is a natural number times the period of the simulated carrier is used, and By performing differential detection that cancels the input of another pseudo carrier, even if the same optical frequency is used, the correlation of the pseudo carrier that is caused by a trigonometric function that is not orthogonal with a finite optical frequency width is removed.
- Simulate uncorrelated carriers modulate the intensity of multiple simulated carriers that are orthogonal to each other in half a cycle, and transmit them at the same time to realize QAM with control accuracy that relaxes the control accuracy of the wavelength order of light. Can be.
- the optical transmitter 100 includes a signal phase converter 110, a filter 137 that divides the light from the light source 120 into a plurality of chips on the optical frequency (wavelength) axis and transmits the chips, A phase modulator 160 including a modulator 132 is provided.
- the optical frequency width of the light output from the light source 120 is defined as FSR.
- the filter 137 receives the light from the light source 120, filters at least the optical frequency width FSR with the optical frequency of the light output from the light source 120, and filters the light having the optical frequency width FSR from the light source into a multiple of 4. Is divided on the optical frequency axis into L chips, and the chips are selectively transmitted.
- the selection of the chip that transmits the light of the filter is mapped to the phase value as follows.
- the divisor of L / 4 is S.
- Fig. 41 shows an example of the filtering characteristics.
- Filter with phase 0 137a Filters by repeatedly turning on (passing) successive 2S chips and turning off (cut off) the next 2S chips until L.
- Filter 137b having a phase of ⁇ / 2 Turns off the continuous S chip, turns off (cuts) the next 2S chip, and turns off (cuts off) the next S chip until L Repeat and filter.
- Filter with a phase of ⁇ 137c Repeatedly turns off (blocks) 2S chips consecutively and turns on (passes) the next 2S chips until L, and performs filtering.
- Filter 137d with a phase of 3 ⁇ / 2: Turn on (pass) the next S chip, turn off (cut off) the next 2S chip, and turn on (pass) the next S chip until L. Waves.
- the period is FSR / n equivalent to a 4S chip
- 2S chips equivalent to half the width of the period are equivalent to 2S chips, that is, one period is 2 ⁇
- 2S chips with a ⁇ width are 0, ⁇ / 2
- ⁇ / 2 shifted to the respective 2S chip positions
- the filters 137a, 137b, 137c, and 137d are filters 137a, 137b, and 137c, respectively, which have filtering characteristics of transmitting light.
- 137d are shown in Fig. 41 (a), Fig. 41 (b), Fig. 41 (c), and Fig. 41 (d), respectively. Therefore, the light transmitted through these filters 137a, 137b, 137c, and 137d is a square wave with a ⁇ -width pseudo-carrier with a period of FSR / n on the optical frequency (wavelength) axis, that is, a duty ratio of 50%. Respectively, and are phase-modulated to 0, ⁇ 2, ⁇ , and 3 ⁇ / 2, respectively.
- QPSK modulation is enabled by associating two pseudo carrier waves with such a phase with two data sets.
- the filters 137a,..., 137d are respectively associated with 0,..., 3 ⁇ 2, so that the signal phase conversion is performed in the same manner as in the optical transmitter 100 shown in FIG.
- the modulator 132a and 132b in FIG. 40 determine whether the output light of the zero-phase filter 137a or the output light of the ⁇ -phase And the output light of the ⁇ / 2-phase filter 137b or the output light of the 3 ⁇ / 2-filter 137d, respectively, and output to the optical transmission line 300 through the multiplexer 136.
- Fig. 35 (b) As shown here, the modulators 132a and 132b may be inserted into the manpower law of the filters 137a-137d. Modulators may be inserted on the input side and output side of the filters 137a and 137d, respectively.
- the optical receiver 200 according to Embodiment 2-5 has a zero-phase filter having the same filtering characteristics as the filters 137a to 137d, instead of the filters 221 to 224 of the optical receiver 200 shown in FIG.
- the filter 225, the ⁇ / 2-phase filter 226, the ⁇ -phase filter 227, and the 3 ⁇ 2-phase filter 228 are used.
- the corresponding components are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 30, and the filters are shown in FIG. 37-1 with the reference numerals in parentheses.
- FIG. 42_1 and FIG. 42_4 show the optical frequency characteristics of the light source 120 of the embodiment 2_5 and the intensity-time characteristics of light when a pulsed light source is used, the output of the modulator corresponding to each phase (output of the transmitting device), and the reception.
- Examples of the filtering characteristics of each filter of the device, the transmission output by each filter of the receiving device with respect to the transmission output at each phase of the pseudo carrier, and the time change of the intensity detected by each detector are shown below. .
- the leftmost column in each figure is the light source output.
- the optical frequency width of the light source 120 is 400 GHz
- the intensity is shown as an optical frequency difference from the reference optical frequency fs, assuming a flat intensity over the entire optical frequency of the output of the light source.
- Fig. 42-1 shows the output of the modulator corresponding to the phase shift of 0, ⁇ / 2, ⁇ , and 3 ⁇ / 2 by each modulator in the second column from the left.
- the third column from the left shows the filtering characteristics (functions) of the filters 225 to 228 included in the optical receiving device 200 in the first to fourth rows of the column, respectively.
- Figure 42-4 the optical frequency characteristics that pass through each filter 225 228 when the modulation section output shown here is input are shown in the first row of the fourth column from the left. Shown on the fourth line.
- the rightmost column shows the time change of the detection intensity detected by each detector 231-234 in the first row and the fourth row, respectively.
- a filter having the same filtering characteristics as the optical frequency characteristics of the modulation unit output As shown in Fig. 42-1 and Fig. 42-4, assuming that the power at the detector during transmission through all chips is 1, a filter having the same filtering characteristics as the optical frequency characteristics of the modulation unit output.
- the detector strength corresponding to the filter is 0.5, and the filter with the filtering characteristic shifted by ⁇ from the optical frequency characteristic of the modulation section output.
- the corresponding detector intensity is 0, and a comparator that compares these two outputs an output of 0.5.
- the output of the modulator in the first row is input, and the detection intensity for the output light of the filter 231 becomes 0.5 as shown in the first row, The detected intensity becomes 0 as shown in the third row.
- the filter strengths of the corresponding filters and the corresponding detector strengths are 0.25, which are shifted by ⁇ and 3 ⁇ / 2, respectively.
- the output of the vessel is 0.
- the detection intensities of the filters 232 and 234 for the respective output lights are 0.25 as shown in the second and third rows, respectively.
- the transmission characteristics on the optical frequency axis of each chip are desirably rectangular, but are shown as triangles for ease of distinguishing the chips in the figure.
- the power of the detector at the time of transmission through all chips is normalized as 1 and the transmission characteristics on the optical frequency axis are triangular or Gaussian distribution, generality is maintained.
- Embodiments 2-5 operate as described above.
- FIG. 40 shows only a single combination of the optical transmitter 100 and the optical receiver 200, when another optical transmitter and the optical receiver share the same optical transmission line 300 with the same optical frequency, , Choose a different value for L.
- L is a multiple of 4 corresponding to the number ⁇ of phase shifts, and is a value obtained by dividing the number of chips constituting the optical frequency band FSR by an arbitrary integer ⁇ .
- the PS obtained by multiplying the number ⁇ of this phase shift amount by S is 1 to L / It is repeated at least ⁇ times that the chip corresponding to the remainder of L obtained by adding 2 to the transmittance is set to 1 and the transmittance of the other chips is set to 0.
- the remainder obtained by dividing ⁇ by L is MOD If (A, L), Q is changed from 1 to n by (Q_l) L + M ⁇ D (PS + 1, L) one (Q_l) L + MOD (PS + L / 2, L) Let the transmittance of the chip that is the chip number be 1 and the transmittance of the remaining chips be 0. Since the product of the selected L value and the corresponding n value is constant, By differential detection, the inner product of the pseudo carriers is integrated in the FSR section. If becomes zero, the input of the other pseudo-carrier out of the receiving object can be canceled.
- the filter used in Example 2_5 has the same function as the pseudo carrier for the optical frequency outside the FSR and follows the periodic function in the FSR. If the optical frequency range used by the optical transmission device is also subject to filtering, the integral of the mutual inner product in FSR becomes zero, and the two products are orthogonal to each other and do not interfere with each other. In this embodiment 2_5, for example, those shown in FIG. 16 are used as the filter and the filter.
- Example 2-5 the positive and negative carrier waves having positive and negative polarities and having no correlation between the carrier waves were obtained by repeatedly cutting out a broadband light at a desired frequency on the optical frequency axis.
- QPSK QPSK with control accuracy that relaxes the control accuracy of the optical wavelength order can be realized.
- the pseudo carrier is phase-modulated on the optical frequency (wavelength) axis by a phase shift of 0, ⁇ / 2, ⁇ , or 3 ⁇ / 2 by a chip series having a width of ⁇ .
- QPSK modulation can be simulated by the same method as shown in FIG.
- ⁇ Ci (0) (Ci (0) -Ci (0)) ⁇ Ci ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) (Ci (0 + ⁇ )- ⁇ ( ⁇ + ⁇ ))
- Expressions (22) and (23) are arithmetic expressions in a case where the integration operation of Expressions (20) and (21) is digitally processed, respectively.
- the optical transmitter 100 uses filters 137a-137d instead of the filters 133a-133d.
- the modulator 151 selects one of the filters 137a and 137c according to the two bits in the data set from the signal phase and amplitude converter 111, controls the light intensity to either 1 or 3, and sets the data
- the modulator 152 selects one of the filters 137b and 137d according to the other two bits, and controls the light intensity to either 1 or 3.
- a filter 225-228 is used in place of the filter 221-22, and the others need not be changed.
- MPSK modulation can be simulated by using the pseudo carrier shown in Embodiment 2_5 to perform phase modulation with a square wave having a width of ⁇ to any phase shift of an arbitrary M shift. That is, when the number of phase shifts is ⁇ , the number of chips for one cycle, L, is a multiple of ⁇ and a multiple of 2, and is a value obtained by dividing all the chips constituting the optical frequency band FSR by ⁇ . Becomes.
- the filter 131 is replaced by four filters of 0 phase, ⁇ phase, ⁇ / 2 phase, and 3 ⁇ / 2 phase, Equipped with three filters of 0 phase, 2 ⁇ 3 phase and 4 ⁇ / 3 phase.
- the optical receiver of this embodiment is connected to four filters of 0-phase, ⁇ -phase, 71 / 2-phase, and 371-two-phase, and to these four filters having different ⁇ -phase shift amounts.
- comparators instead of two sets of comparators that compare outputs, there are three filters of 0 phase, 27173 phase, and 4 peak / 3 phase, and ⁇ phase with different ⁇ phase shift amount for each. , 5 ⁇ / 3 phase, ⁇ ⁇ 3 phase, and three sets of comparators for comparing detector outputs connected to filters with different ⁇ phase shifts.
- a carrier wave having positive and negative polarities and having no correlation between the carrier waves does not have positive and negative polarities obtained by repeatedly cutting out light having a wide optical frequency at a desired frequency on the optical frequency axis.
- MPSK can be realized with control accuracy that relaxes the control accuracy of the optical wavelength order.
- the ⁇ -phase filter 133c (137c) and the 3 ⁇ / 2-phase filter 133d (137d) in the optical transmitter 100 shown in FIG. 37-1 are omitted, and the ⁇ -phase modulators 151 and 152 are omitted.
- the 0-phase filter 133a (137a) and the ⁇ / 2-phase filter 133b (137b) are connected to the amplitude changing sections 151b and 152b in the modulators 151 and 152, respectively, omitting the switching switches 151a and 152a.
- the signal-phase-to-amplitude converter 111 is a signal-to-amplitude converter 112, and two data sets, ie, a serial-parallel converter 110a in the signal-phase-to-parameter converter 110 in FIG. ) And the other bit (data) are associated with the modulators 151 and 152 so that the light intensity is controlled to 3 when the bit is 0 and to 1 when the bit is 1.
- the optical receiving device 200 if the output intensity of the comparators 241 and 242 in the code converter 260 is 3, the data is set to 0, and if the output intensity is 1, the data is set to 1 and these are output in series.
- the optical frequency (wavelength) axis described in Embodiment 2-6 can be applied to the pseudo carrier wave of the trigonometric function on the optical frequency (wavelength) axis described in Embodiment 2-4.
- QAM modulation is also performed on the upper square-wave pseudo carrier, using the signal points as the four signal points in the first quadrant in Fig. 38 (a). That can be S.
- QAM modulation of four signal points uses two sets of filters, 133b (137b) and 133c (137c), 133c (137c) and 133d (137d), 133a (137a) and 133d (137d).
- QAM modulation having four signal points in any of the second, third and fourth quadrants in FIG. 38 (a) can be achieved.
- the absolute value is converted to data 0 when the absolute value is 3, and to data 1 when the absolute value is 1.
- Example 2-8 of the second embodiment uses a plurality of light sources that output light of the optical frequency characteristic function of each phase.
- FSRZn on the optical frequency axis, where n l, and FSR as one period, 2S chips for each of the phase shift amounts of 0, ⁇ / 2, ⁇ , and 3 ⁇ / 2 in each period
- the QPSK or the QAM modulation performed in the embodiment 2-5 or the embodiment 2-6 is enabled by using a plurality of light sources that output light having the optical frequencies described above.
- each light source can control the light transmission intensity.
- the set comprises a single broadband light source with an optical frequency width of 2S or a set of light sources consisting of 2S light sources.
- the L / 2S set of light sources that transmit the optical frequency of each S chip is used to simulate a carrier wave of phase 0 or phase ⁇ . That is, as shown in FIG. 46, the output light of each of the 0-phase, ⁇ / 2-phase, ⁇ -phase, and 3 ⁇ / 2-phase S-chips, each of the first continuous optical frequencies of each cycle on the optical frequency axis
- the output light from the S chip that is, the light source 120a that outputs the 0-phase S chip, and the light output from the next S chip, that is, the light source 120b that outputs the ⁇ / 2-phase S chip, simulate the 0-phase carrier
- the ⁇ -phase carrier is simulated by the output light of the S chip, that is, the light source 120c that outputs the ⁇ -phase S chip, and the output light of the next S chip, that is, the light source 120d that outputs the 3 ⁇ 2-phase S chip.
- the light source 120e that outputs the S chip next to the first S chip of each cycle on the optical frequency axis, that is, the ⁇ / 2-phase S chip, and the light source that outputs the next S chip, that is, the ⁇ -phase S chip
- a light source that simulates a ⁇ / 2-phase carrier with the output light of 120f and outputs the next S chip, that is, 3 ⁇ 2 phase S chip, 120g, and the next S chip, that is, 0 phase Simulate a 3 ⁇ / 2-phase carrier with the output light from the light source 120h that outputs the S-chip.
- ⁇ 1, when ⁇ is an integer of 2 or more, 0 phase chip light source, ⁇ / It may be arranged in a two-phase light source, a ⁇ -phase light source, or a 3 ⁇ / 2-phase light source.
- the source is set to 1 and the light source corresponding to the other chips is set to 0 at least n times.
- FIG. 45 shows a case where the QAM modulation shown in FIG. 38 (a) is simulated, and the transmission signal from terminal 101 is simulated.
- the (data) sequence is distributed to four sequences by the serial / parallel conversion unit 110c in the signal phase amplitude amount converter 113.
- the third data (bit) from the top of the four data sets (the data array in the serial-to-parallel converter 110c is the same as the bit order for each data set shown in Fig. 38 (a)) )
- the connected register (drive signal generation unit) 153c is connected to the switch 153d, and this switch 153d is controlled by the most significant data (bit) of the data set.
- the switch 153a is set to the 0-phase light source. 120a and a ⁇ / 2-phase light source 120b, and both light sources 120a and 120b output light of intensity 3, that is, light of phase 0 pseudo carrier is output at intensity 3 and the most significant data (bit ) Is 1, set switch 153a to ⁇ -phase light source 1 20c and 3 ⁇ / 2-phase light source 120d are connected, and light of intensity 1 is output from both light sources 120c and 120d, that is, light of ⁇ -phase pseudo carrier is output with intensity 1.
- the switching switch 154a is controlled by the least significant data (bit) in the data group. If the data is 0, the register 154b storing the value 3 is connected to the switching switch 154d, and the data output is controlled. For example, the register 154c storing the value 1 is connected to the switch 154d, and the switch 154 is controlled by the second data (bit) from the upper bit of the data set. If the data power is ⁇ , the switch 154a is connected. Connected to the ⁇ / 2-phase light source 120e and the ⁇ -phase light source 120f, light having an intensity of 3 is output from both light sources 120e and 120f, that is, the light of the ⁇ / 2-phase pseudo carrier is output at an intensity of 3, and the data is output.
- the switch 154a is connected to the 3 ⁇ / 2-phase light source 120g and the 0-phase light source 120h, and both light sources 120g and 120h output light of intensity 1, that is, the 3 ⁇ / 2-phase pseudo carrier wave. Light is output at intensity 1.
- the optical receiver 200 may be the same as that shown in FIG.
- the light source can be directly modulated, for example, the magnitude of the drive current of the laser light source can be controlled by using an expensive phase amplitude composed of the filter and modulator shown in Embodiment 2-6. It does not require the modulation unit 150.
- the switches 153a and 154a in FIG. 45 are omitted, and the registers 153b and 154b are connected directly to the switching switches 153d and 154d, respectively, and switched by each data of the two data sets of the signal amplitude converter 112 in FIG.
- QPSK modulation can be performed in the same manner as described in Embodiment 2-3.
- the switching switches 153d and 154d are omitted, and the switching switches 153a and 154a are replaced by two sets of light sources that output light of a pseudo carrier in an orthogonal relationship.
- the QAM modulation described in Embodiment 2-7 can also be performed by controlling the switching switches 153a and 154a by connecting them to a total of four light sources.
- the serial / parallel converter 110a in the signal phase converter 110 in FIG. 30 is used instead of the serial / parallel converter 110c.
- Two light sources having different ⁇ / 2 phase shift amounts for example, a 0-phase chip light source and a ⁇ / 2-phase chip QAM modulation can also be performed using two sets of light sources.
- the phase is reduced by half compared to the QAM modulation of the embodiment described in FIG. 45, the intensity modulation is twice as fine as that of the embodiment of FIG. By doing so, the same signal transmission becomes possible.
- Modulation similar to MPSK modulation in which the number of phase shifts is arbitrary M described in Embodiment 2_6 can also be performed using a plurality of light sources.
- M 4
- a signal phase amount converter 110 shown in FIG. 30 is used instead of the signal phase amplitude amount converter 113 shown in FIG.
- the 0 phase corresponding to the 0 shift amount Power to output light of intensity 1 from chip light source and ⁇ / 2-phase chip light source ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Output light of intensity 1 from ⁇ / 2-phase chip light source and ⁇ -phase chip light source corresponding to 2 shift amount, or ⁇ shift Output a light of intensity 1 from the ⁇ -phase chip light source and 3 ⁇ / 2-phase chip light source corresponding to the amount of light 3
- two S chip light sources are used to output one pseudo carrier wave light.
- one light source of a 2S chip can be used.
- four types of relatively broadband 2S light sources are used as is clear from FIG.
- the number of types of light sources is 4, and the optical frequency width is S chip, which can be made much cheaper than 2S width.
- QPSK modulation can also be performed using four types of S-chip light sources.
- 4 ⁇ carriers are required to simulate a carrier having a phase of 0 or ⁇ and to simulate a carrier having a phase of ⁇ / 2 or 3 ⁇ 2.
- each chip light source Since two carrier light beams that are orthogonal to each other are output, the output light from the in-phase chip light source among these output lights is superimposed on each other, so that the output light of the superimposed light source has an intensity of 2. Therefore, if the intensity of the output light of the light source on which the output light is superimposed is doubled in advance, four types of S-chip light sources can be used to output four carrier lights.
- the output of each chip light source is as follows.
- the number of light sources can be reduced by half compared to the embodiment of FIG. 45, and the width of intensity modulation can be made larger than that of the QAM modulation in which the number of light sources is reduced as compared to the case of FIG. This has a strong effect on the effect of noise.
- Embodiments 2-9 include each of the above-described embodiments, and are more generalized pseudo-carriers. In this embodiment, this embodiment is applied to QAM modulation. An example of a communication system to which this is applied will be described with reference to FIG.
- the optical transmission device 100 is provided with two yarns S including a set of an i-th filter 161 and a turn filter, and a yarn of a j-th filter 162 and a turn filter 162 '.
- These filters 161, 161 ′, 162 and 162 ′ filter at least the optical frequency width of the FSR with the frequency (wavelength) of the light output from the light source 120.
- the filtering function can also be called a parameter representing the phase
- the values Ci '(f) at the phase f of the wave characteristic function are mutually inverted values, and the same relationship as the above equation (4) holds.
- Ci (f) + Ci r (f) l (4)
- Wave filter 161, 1QV, 162, 162 each filtering characteristic function r constitutes a pseudo-carrier as described above.
- the optical receiving device 200 of the embodiment 2-9 is different from the optical receiving device 200 in FIG.
- the waver is different and the others are the same.
- the Ban filter 271 having the same filtering characteristics as the Ban filter 161 of the optical transmission device to be received, the No. filter having the same filtering characteristics as the No. filter, and the j-th filter 162.
- the j-th filter 272 and the j'-th filter 272 'having the same filtering characteristics are used for the second filter 162' and the second filter 162 ', respectively.
- the comparator 241 compares the detected light intensity corresponding to the transmitted light of the i-th filter with the detected light intensity corresponding to the transmitted light of the i-th filter 271. Assuming that the output of the comparator 241 is a value Di (f) at the standardized optical frequency f, Expression (3) shown in the first embodiment is obtained.
- the detector 231 detects each optical frequency component of the light transmitted through the i-th filter 271 as the overall light intensity. The same applies to other detectors. Therefore, the value Ci (f) at the normalized optical frequency f in the filtering characteristic function of the i-th filter 161 on the transmitting side and the normalized optical frequency f in the filtering characteristic function of the i-th filter 271 on the receiving side
- the integral of the inner product with the value Di (f) at over the continuous optical frequency domain for the FSR included in the filtering target of the Ban filter 271 is a non-zero limit value P, and the following equation (5 The relationship holds.
- Equation (5) corresponds to a generalization of equation (5) shown in the first embodiment.
- the output of the comparator obtained by subtracting the detector 23 for detecting the intensity of the transmitted light from the filter 27 from the output of the detector 231 for detecting the intensity of the transmitted light of the i-th filter 271 is included in the output of the comparator j.
- the light component transmitted through the wave device 162 is not included. In this manner, in the embodiment 2-9, similarly to the embodiment 2-4, the input of the other pseudo carrier wave which is not to be received on the receiving side can be canceled by the differential detection.
- the filtering characteristic function of the i-th filter 161 is a periodic function using the optical frequency as a variable.
- Ci (f) Ci (f + FSRi) (1)
- the receiving side can cancel the input of another pseudo carrier that is not to be received by differential detection, regardless of the difference in the optical frequency of each light source and the difference in the reference optical frequency fs.
- the embodiment 2_9 realizes QAM with control accuracy in which the control accuracy of the optical wavelength order is relaxed.
- the pseudo carrier of the trigonometric function used in Example 2-1 1 2-4 and 2_7, and the pseudo carrier of the chip configuration used in Example 2-5-2-8 are also the same as those of the above equations (1) and (3)-. (5) It will be understood that r holds. In the case of a chip configuration, an equation in which ⁇ is replaced by ⁇ holds. Furthermore, the integral value in the section from arbitrary f to f + FSR at the optical frequency to be filtered by the filter is a value obtained by dividing FSR by 2, and the equation (2) shown in the first embodiment also holds. Will be understood.
- Embodiment 2-1 The 0-phase and ⁇ -phase pseudo carriers in 1-8 correspond to the i-th and i'-th pseudo carriers in Example 2-9, respectively. These correspond to the jth and quasi-carriers in Examples 2-9, respectively. That is, the embodiment 2-9 shows the general characteristics of the pseudo carrier in the present invention, and it can be said that the other embodiments specialize the embodiment 2-9.
- the i-th filter 161 provided in the optical transmitter has an optical frequency range of FSR / n (n is an integer equal to or greater than 1) to be filtered, and
- the i-th filter 161 provided and the j-th filter 162 provided for the optical transmission device other than the i-th optical transmission device or another optical transmission device sharing the same transmission line Simultaneously turned on (transmission) in optical frequency domain
- the i-th filter 161 included in the optical transmitter is turned on (transmitted) in the optical frequency region of the FSR to be filtered, and the other i-th optical transmitter or the same transmission path
- the number of chips that are turned off (non-transparent) in the optical frequency range of the FSR to be filtered by the j-th filter 162 included in the other optical transmitters shared is the same.
- the number of chips that are turned on (transmitted) at the same time (at the same chip position) in the i-th filter 161 and the j-th filter 162 and the i-th filter 161 is turned on at the same chip position
- the number of chips turned off by the filter 162 is the same.
- FSRZS ⁇ _1 is the finite value of the total FSR of the section FSR, and the k-th carrier other than the i-th carrier (k is the pseudo carrier other than the i-th carrier)
- k is the pseudo carrier other than the i-th carrier
- the optical receiver 200 is the same as that described in the embodiment 2-7. In this way, Q AM can be realized.
- an equation is obtained in which the equation (1)-(4) is changed to ⁇ .
- the filter used in this embodiment for example, the number of chips obtained by dividing the number of chips corresponding to FSR / n by the code length of the Hadamard code is adjusted to the value of 1 bit constituting the Hadamard code. It is possible to use a filter that has been described. Furthermore, when applying a filter that filters an optical frequency higher than the FSR corresponding to a code obtained by continuously combining Hadamard codes, the above equation (1)-(5) Then, an equation in which ⁇ d ⁇ is changed to ⁇ holds.
- the i-th filter 271 transmitting the on-chip light included in the optical frequency to be filtered of the i-th filter 161 on the transmitting side of the receiving target, and the i-th filter 161
- the i'th filter 27 that transmits the off-chip light included in the optical frequency to be filtered, and the first detection that detects the transmitted light intensity of each first filter (271, 272) (231, 232), a second detector group (233, 234) for detecting the transmitted light intensity of each second filter (271 ', 212'), and a first detector
- a comparison is made by subtracting the intensity detected by the second detector from the obtained intensity and comparing the comparators (241, 242) and the amplitude modulated by the modulator of the corresponding transmitting station output from the comparators into a transmission signal.
- an amplitude signal converter (260) for conversion.
- the output of the detector 231 that detects the transmitted light intensity of the i-th filter 271 is two chips in the signal (101).
- the chip which transmits the signal (101) through the filter 271 'whose filtering characteristic is (010) is 0, and the output of the detector 233 which detects the transmitted light intensity of the filter 272' is 0. Is 0, and the output of the comparator 241 for comparing the intensity detected by the detector 233 with the intensity detected by the detector 231 is two chips.
- Only one chip transmits the received light (101) through the j-th filter 272 for selecting the signal light (011) corresponding to the j-th filter 162 on the transmission side.
- the output of the detector 232 that detects the transmitted light intensity of the filter 272 is one chip, and the transmitted light intensity of the filter 272 ′ for selecting the off-chip light of the signal light (011).
- the output of the detector 234 for detecting the signal is one chip for the received light (101), and the output of the comparator 242 for comparing the intensity detected by the detector 234 by subtracting the intensity detected by the detector 232 from the intensity detected by the detector 232 Means 0 chips.
- MPSK and QA ⁇ can be performed relatively easily on an optical carrier in the frequency domain.
- the pseudo carrier is defined as a square wave periodic function of a chip having an intensity of 1 and a chip having an intensity of 0 in the FSR region, and corresponds to the filtering characteristics of the i-th filters 161 and 271 j-filters 162 and 272.
- the i-th carrier and the j-th carrier have the same number of chips with intensity 1 (or intensity 0) at the same optical frequency position, and the j-th carrier has the intensity 1 (or intensity 0) at the same optical frequency position. Is equal to the number of chips whose strength is equal to 0 (or 1). Further, even when the light source for each chip shown in Embodiment 2-8 is used, this square wave periodic function can be applied.
- either intensity 1 or 3 is selected by the third and fourth parameters, respectively, and a combination of four data of 1 and 0, ie, 16 Forces representing any of the combinations
- the combinations may represent any of 17 or more combinations.
- the light intensity of any one of the predetermined multi-values is assigned to the i-th (or n),]-(or j'-th) light intensity.
- Selective control is performed by the third and fourth parameters so that light corresponding to the carrier wave is obtained.
- each of the predetermined multi-valued powers including the respective polarities from the A / D converters 261 and 262 in FIG. 37-2 corresponds to each possible combination of one digital value.
- the corresponding one of four or more possible combinations of data 0 or data 1 may be output from code signal converter 260.
- One of the predetermined multi-valued digital values from the AZD converters 263 and 264 is The digital value includes the case where the polarity is taken into consideration and the case where the polarity is not taken into consideration. If the case is not taken into account, for example, as described in Example 2-7, one quadrant in FIG. For example, when only signal points in the first quadrant are used, the output of the code signal converter 260 is converted into one of two possible combinations of data, and therefore the A / D converter When the polarity is taken into account as the output digital value of 263, 264, it becomes a combination of four or more data, and when the polarity is taken into account, it becomes a combination of two or more data. Therefore, in general, it can be said that one of multiple values is a combination of two or more data.
- FIGS. 48A and 48B show a communication system to which the embodiment 2-11 of the present invention is applied.
- the optical transmitter 100 includes K optical transmitters 100 (K is an integer of 2 or more) 100,..., 100 in FIG. Housed in and input
- the transmission signal (data system IJ) from the terminal 101 is converted into K parallel sequences by the serial / parallel converter 170 and input to the signal phase converter 110 of each of the optical transmitters 100,.
- Each output from the transmission devices 100, 100, 100 is multiplexed by the multiplexer 171 and output to the optical transmission line 300.
- K optical receivers 200 used in the embodiment 2-3 that is, K optical receivers 200 in FIG. Housed in a light transmission
- the optical signal from the transmission path 300 is K-branched by the branching unit 270, and each of the branched optical signals is input to the branching unit 210 of the optical receiving device 200,.
- the output signal of “0” is serial-converted by the parallel / serial converter 273 and returned to the original transmission signal.
- optical transmitters 100, 100, and 100 and the optical receivers 200, 200, 200 are shown in Embodiment 2-3.
- optical transmitters 100,..., 100 and the optical receivers 200 are identical to the optical transmitters 100,..., 100 and the optical receivers 200,.
- a filter is used in which the period of the trigonometric function included in the filtering characteristic function of the filter is a period obtained by dividing the reference period by a natural number. That is, the reference cycle and the cycle of the filter provided in each of the optical transmitters 100,..., 100 are based on the Fourier transform.
- the value of the number N from which the FSR is divided is 1 to K, and these FSR, FSR / 2,..., FSR / K are respectively referred to as the optical transmitters 100, 100, ⁇ -, 100
- the optical signal obtained by multiplexing the above optical signals in the multiplexer 171 is equivalent to the signal subjected to the inverse discrete Fourier transform.
- Embodiment 2-11 realizes pseudo OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) by using a plurality of pseudo carriers corresponding to the discrete inverse Fourier transform using the orthogonal relationship between pseudo carriers.
- the optical transmitters 100,..., 100 each having a filter having a filtering characteristic in which the optical transmitter 100 has a period from the fundamental period to a period of KZ2 times the fundamental period and the phase is shifted by ⁇ 2 in each period.
- n is a multiple of the filter period with respect to the basic period
- an and bn are transmission signals carried by the respective pseudo carriers.
- the wavelengths to be used can be overlapped with each other, so that a guard band is not required as compared with normal WDM, so that the wavelength use efficiency can be improved.
- Embodiment 2-11 the power using a plurality of optical transmitters 100,..., 100 to which pseudo QPSK is applied
- the pseudo MPSK or pseudo QAM described above is applied.
- a plurality of optical transmission devices may be used.
- the filtering characteristic function is not limited to the trigonometric function, and may be a function having the properties described in Embodiment 2-9. Therefore, a plurality of optical transmitters 100 and optical receivers 200 using the pseudo carrier of the chip configuration described in the embodiment 2-5 2-8 may be used.
- S which is a predetermined divisor of L / 4
- an optical device having a filter having a filtering characteristic using S corresponding to the divisor of the reference S is used.
- S of the filtering characteristics of the optical transmitters 100,..., 100 is generated by Fourier transform.
- the optical transmitting apparatus 100 of the eleventh embodiment also transmits the signal subjected to the inverse discrete Fourier transform, and the optical receiving apparatus 200 performs the discrete Fourier transform to return to the original transmission signal.
- each of the filters used in the optical transmitter 100 in each of the above-described embodiments controls the filtering characteristics of the filter by the output of the modulator.
- the configuration may be such that a plurality of filters having fixedly set filtering characteristics are selected. Therefore, controlling the filter with the modulator means controlling the filtering characteristics and controlling the selection of the filter.
- the signal phase amount converter 110, the signal phase amplitude amount converter 111, and the signal amplitude amount converter 112 control the filtering characteristics, select the filter, and control the light output from the optical transmitter according to the signal data. Since these are converted into parameters for controlling the intensity of the signal, these can be collectively referred to as signal modulation value converters, and the amount of phase and amplitude output from these converters is referred to as the modulation value. Each component can be called a parameter.
- the i-th optical frequency characteristic function Ci (f) is the least common multiple of the integer Ni corresponding to the repetition period in the range of the optical frequency width FSR from the optical frequency Fst to Fla by one or more light sources. If the value obtained by dividing the frequency width FSR is the optical frequency width FSRi,
- Ci (f) Ci (f + FSRi),
- Ci (f) Cj (f) df ⁇ Ci (f) (1-Cj (f)) df
- Ci r (f) Ci (f + A f)
- Ci (f) is different from Ci (f) in phase by 2 ⁇ ( ⁇ f / FSRi).
- Ci '(f)-Cj (f) df I Ci' (f) '(l-Cj (f)) df,
- the input binary data series is sequentially and repeatedly sorted and separated into a plurality of separated data series for each data, and the above-described processing is performed for each of the separated separated data series and for each data in accordance with the value.
- the first optical signal and the second optical signal whose phases and / or amplitudes are controlled are synthesized with the i-th optical signal of the Ban's optical frequency characteristic function and the j-th optical signal of the j-th optical frequency characteristic function. Transmit as an optical code signal.
- different FSRi are the same FSR and are trigonometric functions of FSRiZ4 or one FSRi / 4.
- Another example is the FSR divided by 2SNi, which is twice the product of any integer S and Ni, and the FSR is divided into consecutive optical frequency parts of L, and the optical frequency parts of each length L are consecutive
- the number be Ci (f).
- the third embodiment is also applicable to the one-to-N optical communication network PON shown in FIGS. 2 (a), 2 (b), 3 (a), and 3 (b).
- the i-th encoder is used for the planar lightwave circuit board using the transmitted light of one of the j-th decoders in the single-planar lightwave circuit board described with reference to FIGS.
- the temperature control technique can also be applied to the third embodiment.
- the optical coding method using the arrayed waveguide grating type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer AWG described with reference to FIGS. 21 and 22 can be applied to the optical transmitter of the third embodiment. .
- FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 A third embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, for example, a point-to-multipoint connection optical network (Passive Optical Network: PON) in which a plurality of subscriber units are accommodated in a central office via an optical fiber transmission system.
- PON Passive Optical Network
- the present invention is applied to an optical communication system.
- the downstream signal light modulated (encoded) according to the binary data is input to the port 420a of the optical input / output duplexer 420 via the optical fiber 410 and further via the optical input / output port 412, and Shared device 4
- the data is input to the switch 430 from the 20 port 420b.
- the switch 430 is controlled by the upstream data sequence from the terminal 431, and the downstream signal light is input to the mark encoder 440M or the space encoder 440S.
- the output light of the mark encoder 440M and the space encoder 440S is input to the port 420c of the optical I / O duplexer 420 through the optical combiner 450, and is transmitted as the upstream signal light from the port 420a of the optical I / O duplexer 420 as the optical input / output port 412. Is output to the optical fiber 410 via the.
- an optical circulator is used as the optical input / output device 420 as shown by a broken line in FIG. 49, an optical directional coupler, an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer, or the like may be used.
- the optical input / output duplexer 420 is preferably an optical circulator.
- An optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 450 can use an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer or a switcher that is controlled in conjunction with a switcher 430 as shown by a broken line.
- the output light from the mark encoder 440M and the output light from the space encoder 440S can be used. Any device may be used as long as it can input light to the port 420c of the optical input / output device 420.
- the switch 430 inputs the input light to the mark encoder 440M if the data from the terminal 431 is a mark, and inputs it to the space encoder 440S if the data is a space.
- the switch 430 may be an optical splitter.
- the mark encoder 440M and the space encoder 440S output signal light represented by different functions using the optical frequency (wavelength) as a variable in the entire section of the optical frequency (wavelength) of the downstream signal light.
- the optical frequency characteristics (optical codes) of the input downstream signal light and the output upstream signal light are functions having the following relationship.
- IM (f) denotes the light intensity function for
- OS (f) the space function.
- the integral or sum of the product of the function IM (f) and the function (M (f) with respect to f is equal to the integral or the sum of the product of the function IM (f) and the function ⁇ S (f) with respect to f.
- ⁇ df means integration in the section of the optical frequency of the downstream signal
- ⁇ means the sum in the section of the optical frequency of the downstream signal
- the intensity fluctuation frequency is 1, 2, or 3
- the solid line and the broken line are out of phase by ⁇ / 2, respectively, or as shown in Fig. 6 (a)
- the one-dot chain line is shifted by about ⁇ / 4 from the solid line.
- the function of the mark is the function of the space
- the other function having the relationship shown in Fig. 6 for the different directions or different optical communication devices is the mark function.
- a function whose phase differs from this by ⁇ is a space function.
- the frequency section fO-fL (normalized frequency 0-1) is divided into L chips and the number of chips (optical frequency) is set to 1 or 0, and the light intensity is set to 1 or 0 for each chip.
- the function shown in Fig. 5 is a mark function
- the space function is the same as that in Fig. 50 (b)
- the number of chips having the intensity of 1 is the same
- the mark or space function of the downlink signal light is the same.
- Half of the chip with intensity 1 can be used for upstream signal light.
- the first half of FIG. 50 (b) is the same as the first half of FIG. 50 (a), and the second half is the reverse of the latter half of FIG. 50 (a).
- the light intensity is shown as a triangle as an example of each chip, ideally, a flat rectangle is preferred for the optical frequency characteristics of each chip.
- FIG. 51 shows a configuration example of an encoder in the case of configuring a chip system as shown in FIG. 50 as a filtering function of the mark or space encoder 440M or 440S.
- the input light is input to the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 5, and the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 5 outputs the frequency optical signal of each chip to a different port, and outputs an optical component separated by an integer multiple of the optical frequency AF to the same port.
- the optical frequency F + q AF, F + q AF, and F + q AF are output from ports 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 5.
- the output of the port corresponding to the tap may be multiplexed by the power bracket 6 and output.
- an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 5 an AWG (Array Wavequide Graiting: array-waveguide grating optical multiplexer / demultiplexer) can be used as in the case of the filter 84 in FIG.
- the switch 430 inputs the input light to the mark encoder 440M if the data from the terminal 431 is a mark, and inputs it to the space encoder 440S if the data is a space.
- the switch 430 may be an optical splitter.
- the upstream signal light and the downstream signal light may be transmitted by different optical fibers. For example, as shown by a broken line in FIG. 49, the upstream signal light output from the optical combiner 450 may be input to the optical fiber 411, and the optical input / output duplexer 420 may be omitted. Alternatively, as shown in FIG.
- total reflectors 451M and 451S that totally reflect the respective output lights of the mark encoder 440M and the space encoder 440S are provided, and the respective output lights of the mark encoder 440M and the space encoder 440S are provided. May be input to the optical fiber 410 through the mark encoder 440M and the space encoder 440S, respectively, and further through the switch 430.
- the device shown in FIG. 52 can omit the optical input / output duplexer 420, and can further reduce the number of parts by reducing the number of optical combiners 450, as compared with the device shown in FIG.
- 49 and 52 do not show the receiving circuit for the downstream signal light.
- a part of the downstream signal light may be branched to a downstream signal light receiving circuit at a stage prior to the device 430 to decode the downstream data sequence. Similar reception decoding will be described later with reference to FIG. 53, for example.
- the light source is a partner optical transmission device that generates a downstream signal light (optical code signal), and the downstream signal light is an optical signal from the light source.
- the present embodiment is configured to receive light encoded with a mark or space having the same light intensity and to receive half of the light included in the optical frequency constituting the downstream signal light of the received mark or space. Is sent back as the upstream signal light of the mark or space. For this reason, in addition to downstream signal light, unmodulated CW light for modulation as upstream signal light is sent, or light that is modulated as upstream signal light without deteriorating the extinction ratio of the downstream signal is supplied. I can do it.
- the central station has the central office return as an upstream signal light modulated by its own information (data), separately from the downstream signal light for transmitting its own information (data).
- data unmodulated continuous light
- CW Continuous Wave
- the central station sends the information (data) of the station itself with the extinction ratio of the down-link signal light being reduced, and the accommodation station transmits the optical signal to the information (data) of the station itself.
- the accommodation station transmits the optical signal to the information (data) of the station itself.
- the accommodation station transmits the optical signal to the information (data) of the station itself.
- no useless continuous light is used.
- the extinction ratio of both the downstream signal light from the central office and the upstream signal light from the accommodation station deteriorated, and the communication quality deteriorated.
- the encoder has the optical intensity frequency characteristic of the optical signal based on the code Eich function and the optical intensity frequency characteristic of the encoding function in the optical intensity frequency characteristic of the downstream optical signal.
- the decoder outputs a component whose light intensity frequency characteristic is a decoding function from the optical signal based on the decoding Eich function. Means.
- Embodiment 3-2 the respective optical frequency characteristic functions are set to be orthogonal to each other and set to chip codes. This is an example. Embodiment 3-2 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the downstream signal light from the optical fiber 410 is further branched and input to the downstream mark decoder 461M and the downstream space decoder 461S from the optical input / output port 412 through the optical input / output duplexer 420 and further sequentially through the optical splitters 421 and 422.
- the light passing through the decoders 461M and 461S is converted into electric signals by the photodetectors 470M and 470S, and the electric signals are compared by a comparator 480. If the value is greater than or equal to the value, the data is output to the output terminal 481 as a downlink data sequence.
- the other downstream signal light split by the first optical splitter 421 is input to the switch 430, and
- the signal is modulated by the upstream data sequence from the input terminal 431, and is output as upstream signal light via the optical input / output duplexer 420 and further to the optical fiber 410 from the optical input / output port 412.
- an optical splitter may be used instead of the switch 430.
- Example 3-1 the integral or sum of the optical frequency of the signal obtained by subtracting the upstream signal light power of the mark from the upstream signal light of the space and the downstream signal light of the mark or the space becomes zero, that is, their optical frequency characteristics
- the functions are quasi orthogonal to each other.
- the downstream signal light is the input light of a set of natural numbers NI having the same optical frequency characteristics as the optical frequency function of either the mark or the space
- the function of the light intensity of the i-th mark is IMi ( f)
- the function of the light intensity of the space is ISi (f)
- the relationship between the i-th downstream signal light included in the NI set and the j-th downstream signal light other than the i-th signal is expressed by the following equation (26). Or, satisfy equation (27).
- Equation (26) and (28) are obtained by digital computation, the same computations as Equations (27) and (29) are performed, respectively.
- the Hadamard code shown in FIG. 10 can be used as a function having such characteristics. If the optical frequency characteristic function of the signal light is a filtering function, the mark passes through the optical frequency chip that is 0 and the mark 1 passes through the optical frequency chip. , 0 are opaque. That is, in the case of the same sign, the light intensity 1 and the light intensity 0 are inverted between the mark signal light and the space signal light.
- Code 2 [0101 codes, code 3 [0011 codes] and code 4 [0110] satisfy Expressions (22) and (29).
- the ports for outputting the optical wavelengths (optical frequencies) ⁇ and ⁇ of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 5 are connected to the power bra 6 as shown in FIG. (Optical frequency) ⁇
- the output of the power bra 6 and the output of the switch 450 serving as a photosynthesizer can be switched and output.
- each of the downlink mark decoder 461M and the downlink space decoder 461S The filtering characteristic functions are IMi (f) and ISi (f), and the optical frequency function of the input light is I Mj (f) or ISj (f). Equation (26) or Equation (27) holds. Since the difference between the light intensities detected via the decoders 461M and 461S is canceled by the comparator 480, no signal light other than the i-th signal light to be received is output to the output terminal 481.
- the filtering characteristic functions of the upstream mark encoder 441M and the upstream space encoder 441S are ⁇ Mi (f) and OSi (f), and the upstream signal is reflected on the optical transmission line, and the reflected light Is input to the downstream mark decoder 461M and the downstream space decoder 461S, Equation (28) or Equation (29) holds, and the respective detected light intensities of the photodetectors 470M and 470S are canceled by the comparator 480 and output. Terminal 481 does not appear. In other words, even if there is reflected light, reception of signal light of the desired code It does not hinder the religion.
- the function Si (f) repeats n 2 times that the first s chip is transmitted (light intensity 1) and the next s chip is opaque (light intensity 0).
- it is a filtering characteristic function (light intensity frequency characteristic function) indicated by the optical frequency of the L chip that divides fL from fO in the optical frequency section into L, and is a multiple of the power that divides L by 2.
- the filtering characteristic function for the i-th mark is IMi (f) and the filtering characteristic function for the space is ISi (f)
- the i-th filtering characteristic function IMi (f) is s This is a function that repeats making the chip transparent and the subsequent s chip opaque at least L times divided by 2 s (n times)
- the s0 chip is a transparent chip or an opaque chip
- the s chip is made opaque or transparent
- the subsequent s chip is made transparent or opaque, which is obtained by subtracting 1 from the number obtained by dividing L by 2s. May be repeated only after that, followed by a function of (s ⁇ s0) chip transmission or non-transmission.
- the one having the above relationship for example, the one shown in FIG. 54 (c) whose phase is shifted from the function shown in FIG. 54 (b) may be used.
- IMj (f) Ci (f)
- ISi (f) is (11-Ci (f))
- OMj (f) corresponds to Cj (f)
- DSj (f) corresponds to (l_Cj (f)).
- These filtering characteristics have encoders 441M and 441S and decoders 461M and 461M having these functions. It can be easily understood that the 461S and 461S can be similarly configured using the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 5 and the power brass 6 and as shown in FIG.
- the uplink mark encoder 441M and the uplink space encoder 441S are integrally configured as an uplink encoder 441, and the switch 430 is omitted, as shown by the dashed line in FIG.
- the optical combiner 450 is a switch, the downlink mark decoder 461M and the downlink space decoder 461S are integrally formed as the downlink decoder 461, and the optical splitter 422 is omitted.
- Embodiment 3-2 shown in FIG. 53 as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 52, total reflectors 451M and 451S are used after the upstream mark encoder 441M and the upstream space encoder 441S.
- the switch 430 may be an optical splitter, and the optical combiner 450 may be a switch.
- FIG. 55 shows a configuration example of an optical communication device facing the optical communication device shown in FIG.
- the optical signal of the optical frequency f0-fL from the light source 495 is changed by the switch 435 to the downstream mark encoder 445M or the downward space code depending on the mark power space of each data of the downstream data sequence from the input terminal 436. Input to the 445S.
- the filtering characteristic functions of the downlink mark encoder 445M and downlink space encoder 445S are the filtering characteristic functions IMi (f) and ISi (f) of the downlink mark decoder 461M and downlink space decoder 461S of the opposing optical communication device. ).
- the downstream signal light from the downstream mark encoder 445M and the downstream space encoder 445S is input to the optical fiber 410 through the optical combiner 455 and further through the optical input / output multiplexer 425.
- the upstream signal light input from the optical fiber 410 passes through the optical input / output
- the signal is input to the upstream mark decoder 465M and the upstream space decoder 465S by 426.
- the filtering characteristics of these decoders 465M and 465S are equal to the respective filtering characteristic functions OMi (f) and ⁇ Si (f) of the upstream mark encoder 441M and upstream space encoder 441S of the opposing optical communication device. Is done.
- the output signal lights of the upstream mark decoder 465M and the upstream space decoder 465S are input to the photodetectors 475M and 475S, respectively, and the output electric signals from the photodetectors 475M and 475S are compared by the comparator 485. , And output to an output terminal 486 as an upstream data sequence.
- the optical communication device of Embodiment 3-2 even if the optical fiber 410 is shared by a plurality of sets of the optical communication device outputting the downstream signal light and the optical communication device outputting the upstream signal light, According to each group
- a different code filtering characteristic function
- signal light from an optical communication device other than the optical communication device in the pair also becomes noise and noise due to orthogonality.
- the downstream signal light and the upstream signal light in the set have different codes, there is an effect that at least half the optical frequency component of the downstream signal light can be modulated as the upstream signal light.
- This effect is particularly effective for a configuration such as a passive optical network (P ⁇ N), which is a one-to-N connection network as specified in the ITU-T Recommendations G.983 and G.984 series. is there.
- P ⁇ N passive optical network
- WDM-PON wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical communication network
- the downstream signal light that normally communicates with the optical terminal unit ( ⁇ NU) is simply noise and light.
- the noise is just enough to be discarded by a filter.
- the force S can be effectively used as light for modulating as upstream signal light.
- This embodiment 3-3 shows the relationship of the formula (22) or the formula (23), the formula (24) or the formula (25), the formula (26) or the formula (27), and the formula (28) or the formula (29).
- a trigonometric function is used as a function to have.
- the function used in Example 3-3 is a triangular function having a relationship in which the periods of the light intensity changes in the optical frequency light domain are integral multiples of each other, or in the case of the same period, the ⁇ / 2 phase is different. It is. That is, for example, the optical frequency characteristic function Mi (f) of the signal light of the mark is expressed by Expression (30).
- Mi (f) (1 + cos (2 ⁇ sf / (fL-fO) + r ⁇ / 2)) / 2 (30)
- the optical frequency characteristic function Si (f) of the signal light in the space is l_Mi (f), that is, equation (31).
- Si (f) l_ (l + cos (2 sf / (fL— f0) + ⁇ ⁇ / 2)) (31)
- a filter having such an optical frequency characteristic function is, for example, a pine as shown in FIG. It can be easily configured using a Hatsuenda interferometer or the like.
- Figure 56 shows an example of an optical communication device in that case.
- the downstream signal light from the optical fiber 410 passes through an optical input / output duplexer 420, and is further branched and input by an optical splitter 421 to a downstream decoder 461 and an upstream encoder 441.
- the downlink decoder 461 and the uplink encoder 441 are each configured by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
- the optical path length difference between the paths 41 and 42 of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer of the decoder 461 and the encoder 441 is determined in correspondence with the functions IMi (f) and OMi (f), respectively. Assuming that the signal light of the mark is output from one output port of the coupler 44 in the decoder 461, the signal light of the space is output from the other output port, and these are input to the photodetectors 470M and 470S, respectively. Is done. On the other hand, the signal light of the mark is input from one output port of the coupler 44 in the encoder 441, and the signal light of the space is input to the switch 450 from the other output port. Other configuration operations are the same as those shown in FIG.
- Example 3-4 the light intensity of the downstream signal light is insufficient, or the downstream signal light is received at a light intensity within the dynamic range of the photodetector, or the upstream signal light is transmitted with a sufficient light intensity.
- an optical amplifier 423 is inserted between the optical input / output duplexer 420 and the optical splitter 421, and the downstream signal light is amplified.
- the optical amplifier 423 amplifies input light from both directions.
- an SOA semiconductor Optical Amplifier
- an optical amplifier 423 may be inserted into the optical fiber 410 as indicated by a broken line to amplify the downstream signal light and the upstream signal light.
- the optical amplifiers 423a and 423b are inserted into the two branch output sides of the optical branching device 421, respectively, so that the downstream signal light used for reception is converted to the light intensity within the dynamic range of the photodetectors 470M and 470S. Select the amplification factor of the optical amplifier 423a so that the upstream signal light has sufficient light intensity. The amplification factor of the optical amplifier 423b that amplifies the downstream signal light used for transmission is selected.
- the optical amplifier 423b may be inserted at the output side of the optical combiner 450. In this case, since only the light encoded by the encoders 441M and 441S is amplified, it can be effectively amplified.
- optical amplifiers 423aM and 423aS are inserted at the output side of the downlink mark decoder 461M and the downlink space decoder 461S instead of the optical amplifier 423a, only the decoded signal light can be efficiently amplified.
- the mark optical amplifier 423aM and the space optical amplifier 423aS can be used as independent hard limiters.
- the optical combiner 450 combines the output signal lights of the upstream mark encoder 441M and the upstream space encoder 441S with the optical multiplexer 453 through the optical amplifiers 452M and 452S, respectively. If the data from 431 is a mark, the amplification factor of the optical amplifier 452M is increased and the amplification factor of the optical amplifier 452S is decreased. If the data is space, the amplification factor of the optical amplifier 452M is decreased and the amplification factor of the optical amplifier 452S is decreased.
- Both the amplification factors of the optical amplifiers 452M and 452S may be controlled by the data of the terminal 431 so that the amplification factor is increased and the code light corresponding to the mark and the space is selectively output. In this manner, the light intensity of the upstream signal light can be sufficiently increased.
- an optical splitter may be used as the switch 430. In that case, there is an effect that it is not necessary to use a switch as an optical communication device at all.
- the embodiment using the optical amplifier in the optical communication apparatus shown in FIG. 53 has been described.
- the filtering characteristic functions of the encoder and the decoder used in the optical communication apparatus the optical frequency chip sequence function is used.
- the trigonometric function described in Embodiment 3-3 may be used.
- an optical communication apparatus using a total reflector at the subsequent stage of the encoder, omitting the optical input / output duplexer 420, and having a receiving circuit for decoding the downstream signal light is also provided in various places.
- An amplifier can be inserted and work equally well.
- optical amplifiers that can be introduced into FIG. 58 are indicated by broken lines with the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 52, 53, and 57, and redundant description is omitted.
- the optical branching device directly connected to the optical input / output port 412 is an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 421, which is inserted into the mark encoder 441M and the space encoder 441S on the side opposite to the total reflectors 451M and 451S.
- the switch 430 is an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer. Mark encoder 441M and space encoder 441S are integrated into encoder 441.
- optical amplifiers 451M and 451S are inserted between the mark signal light output port and space signal light output port of the encoder 441 and the total reflectors 451M and 451S, and these optical amplifiers 451M and 451S are controlled by the upstream data sequence.
- the input port of the encoder 441 is directly connected to the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 421, and the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 430 can be omitted.
- switches that are turned on and off in opposite directions by upstream data may be used.It is important to select either the mark signal light or the space signal light according to the upstream data. Bye ,.
- the reception decoding circuit for the downlink signal light and the transmission encoding circuit for the uplink signal light are provided in parallel, but these may be provided in cascade.
- An optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 430 is connected to the optical input / output port 412 via an optical amplifier 442 as necessary. Accordingly, the downstream signal light from the optical fiber 410 is input to the encoders 441M and 441S via the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 430.
- the mark signal light and the space signal light have complementary optical intensities at each optical frequency, and the average optical intensities in the optical frequency range fO-fL are equal to each other.
- An optical frequency corresponding to half of the optical frequency component constituting the signal or space signal light is defined as mark signal light or space signal light as upstream signal light.
- the encoders 441M and 441S half of the effective optical frequency component in the downstream signal light passes through the encoders 441M and 441S, and these transmitted lights are combined by the switch 450 and input to the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 424, where they are transmitted by the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 424.
- the light is split into a total reflector 451 and an optical splitter 422.
- the downstream signal light input to the optical splitter 422 is input to the decoders 461M and 461S. If the optical frequency characteristic of this downstream signal light matches the filtering characteristic function of these decoders 461M or 461S, at least half of the downstream signal light in the optical fiber 410 as described above.
- the frequency component is transmitted correctly, and thus the decoded data can be obtained from the comparator 480.
- the light reflected by total reflector 451 passes through optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 424 and is input to optical combiner 450.
- the switching of the switch 450 is controlled by the upstream data series from the terminal 431. From the above, when the downstream signal light passes through the encoder 441M or 441S earlier, the encoded signal light is reflected by the total reflector 451, receives the same encoding, and is input to the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 430. It is input to the optical fiber 410 as more upstream signal light.
- This upstream signal light is encoded twice by the encoder 441M or 441S, and the encoding has the same characteristics, but the encoding as the final upstream signal light is performed from the optical fiber 410 to the switch 450.
- the optical frequency characteristics of the upstream signal light may be disturbed by being affected by the light that is encoded when passing through the optical path and reflected by the total reflector 451.
- the upstream signal light input to the optical fiber 410 may be amplified by the optical amplifier 442 until it is saturated.
- the chip sequence is used as a function of the signal light.
- the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 430 may be a switch, and the switch 450 may be an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer. Other various modifications described above can be similarly applied.
- the switch 450 may be configured as shown in FIG. 57, and the optical amplifiers 452M and 452S may saturate and amplify the upstream signal light input to the optical fiber 410, and may also serve as a substitute for the optical amplifier 442. Les ,.
- an optical amplifier 442 may be arranged in front of the total reflector 451 as shown by a broken line in FIG. In this case, a total reflection coating is applied to one end of the SOA, and the optical amplifier and the total reflector can be configured as a single component.
- the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 424 and the total reflector 451 in the embodiment 3-5 are omitted, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the downstream signal light transmitted through the encoders 441M and 441S is input from the switch 450 to the partial reflector 454, and a part of the downstream signal light is reflected by the partial reflector 454, and a part of the light is transmitted.
- the signal is input to the branching device 422. Also in this case, it can be easily understood that the downlink signal light can be correctly decoded and the uplink signal light can be generated by using a part of the downlink signal light. In this example, as compared with the case shown in FIG.
- the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 424 can be omitted, and there is an effect that loss in the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 424 is eliminated.
- the optical amplifier 442 may be partially inserted into the switch 450 side of the reflector 454.
- the optical amplifier and the partial reflector can be configured as a single component, for example, by applying a partially reflective coating to one end of the SOA.
- the switch 450 may be configured as shown in FIG. 57, and the optical amplifiers 451M and 451S may also be used as the optical amplifier 442.
- the above-described various modifications can be similarly performed. [Example 3-7]
- a transmitting circuit is cascaded after a receiving circuit.
- the photodetectors 470M and 470S in the receiving circuit for example, as shown in FIG. 61, photodetectors 471M and 471S composed of optical amplifiers capable of extracting an electric signal proportional to the input light intensity are used.
- S ⁇ A can be used as such photodetectors 471M and 471S, and the light intensity of each signal light output from the mark decoder 461M and the space decoder 461S output from the photodetectors 471M and 471S.
- Each electric signal proportional to is input to the comparator 480.
- the amplified signal lights from the photodetectors 471M and 471S are multiplexed by the optical multiplexer 472 and input to the switch 430.
- the other configuration operations are the same as those shown in FIG. Also in this case, since the optical frequency characteristics of the mark signal light and the space signal light are made as described above, the signal light transmitted through the downlink decoder 461 includes half of the optical frequency component of the downlink signal light.
- the upstream encoder 441 can generate upstream mark signal light or upstream space signal light. With this configuration, unlike the configuration shown in FIG. 53, the optical splitter 421 for separating the downstream signal light into the receiving side and the transmitting side becomes unnecessary, and the downstream signal light input to the encoders 441M and 441S is not required. It can be amplified by the photodetectors 471M and 471S.
- FIG. 62 shows an embodiment in which the optical amplifiers 471M and 471S are used as photodetectors when the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used as the downlink decoder 461 and the uplink encoder 441 as shown in FIG.
- the downstream signal light from the optical I / O duplexer 420 is directly input to the downstream decoder 461, and the decoded downstream mark signal light and downstream space signal light from the downstream decoder 461 are photodetectors 471M composed of optical amplifiers. And 471S.
- An electric signal proportional to the light intensity from the photodetectors 471M and 471S is input to the comparator 480, and is optically amplified by the photodetectors 471M and 471S, and the mark signal light and the space signal light are supplied to the Mach-Zehnder of the downstream decoder 461.
- the signal is input to a correction multiplexer 473 consisting of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an interferometer and ports replaced.
- the difference between the optical path lengths of the paths 41 and 42 in the downlink decoder 461 is corrected by the difference in the optical path lengths of the paths 41 and 42 in the correction multiplexer 473, and the downlink mark signal light and the downlink space signal light have the same length.
- This multiplexed downstream signal light is an upstream code composed of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Is input to the container 441.
- Other configurations and operations are the same as those shown in FIG. Since each output light of the photodetectors 471M and 471S is multiplexed by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the loss can be reduced as compared with the case where the optical multiplexer 472 in FIG. 61 is used.
- the third embodiment described above is generally described as follows.
- the downlink signal light from the optical transmitter is transmitted, the downlink signal light is received by the reflection type optical communication device, the downlink data sequence is reproduced by using a part of the received downlink signal light, and a part of the received downlink signal is reproduced. It is assumed that an optical communication system that modulates the signal with an uplink data sequence and transmits the signal as an uplink signal to the optical transmitter is used.
- the function and its inverse function do not necessarily have to have periodicity. Therefore, the optical intensity frequency characteristic of the received optical code signal is assumed to be the function Ci (f) or Ck (f), the upstream encoder 441, the filtered optical frequency characteristic function is assumed to be Cj (f) or Cm (f), and the optical frequency Fst Satisfy the inner product integral of the following formula of the optical frequency width FSR in an arbitrary range up to Fla,
- Ck (f) ⁇ (l-Ci (f)), (l-Ci (f)) and (l-Ck (f))
- Cm (f) ⁇ (l-Cj (f)
- (1-Cj (f)) and (1-Cm (f)) are not used in the same system.
- At least one of the inner product integral ⁇ Ci (f) * Cj (f) df and J Ck (f) * Ci (f) df is not zero. That is, either Ci (f)> 0 or Ck (f)> 0 holds.
- the optical frequency width FSR is the common multiple of the repetition period FSRi of the function of each code in the range from the optical frequency Fst to Fla, and the optical frequency width FSRi is the value obtained by dividing the optical frequency width FSR by the common multiple of the function repetition period FSRi.
- Ci (f) Ci (f + FSRi)
- the optical frequency characteristic is modulated into a function Cj (f) or (1-1 Cj (f)), and space If so, the optical frequency characteristic is modulated into a function (11-Cj (f)) or Cj (f) and transmitted as upstream signal light.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2005511869A JP4436323B2 (ja) | 2003-07-16 | 2004-07-16 | 光周波数符号を用いる光通信システム、その光送信装置及び光受信装置、反射型光通信装置 |
US10/562,431 US7555216B2 (en) | 2003-07-16 | 2004-07-16 | Optical communication system using optical frequency code, optical transmission device and optical reception device thereof, and reflection type optical communication device |
EP20040747693 EP1646165B1 (en) | 2003-07-16 | 2004-07-16 | Optical communication system using optical frequency code, optical transmission device and optical reception device thereof, and reflection type optical communication device |
CN200480018390.XA CN1813429B (zh) | 2003-07-16 | 2004-07-16 | 使用光频率编码的光通信系统、其光发送装置以及接收装置、反射型光通信装置 |
DE200460029166 DE602004029166D1 (de) | 2003-07-16 | 2004-07-16 | Optisches kommunikationssystem mit einem optischen frequenzcode, optische sendeeinrichtung und optische empfangseinrichtung dafür und optische kommuni |
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JP2003275601 | 2003-07-16 | ||
JP2003-275601 | 2003-07-16 | ||
JP2003-303234 | 2003-08-27 | ||
JP2003303234 | 2003-08-27 | ||
JP2003-401734 | 2003-12-01 | ||
JP2003401734 | 2003-12-01 |
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EP (1) | EP1646165B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4436323B2 (ja) |
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JP4870076B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-27 | 2012-02-08 | Kddi株式会社 | マルチチャネル伝送システム、送信装置および送信方法 |
WO2008001531A1 (fr) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-03 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Système de communication par code optique |
JPWO2008001531A1 (ja) * | 2006-06-29 | 2009-11-26 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光符号通信システム |
JP4746676B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-29 | 2011-08-10 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光符号通信システム |
US8032034B2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2011-10-04 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Optical code communication system |
US7630587B2 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2009-12-08 | Fujitsu Limited | Optical waveguide device |
WO2012070686A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-22 | 2012-05-31 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光通信システム、光通信方法、光通信装置およびその制御方法と制御プログラム |
US9240858B2 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2016-01-19 | Nec Corporation | Optical communication system, optical communication method, optical communication device, and method and program for controlling the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1813429A (zh) | 2006-08-02 |
CN1813429B (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
JP4436323B2 (ja) | 2010-03-24 |
EP1646165A1 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
EP1646165B1 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
US20060147219A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
US7555216B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 |
EP1646165A4 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
DE602004029166D1 (de) | 2010-10-28 |
JPWO2005008923A1 (ja) | 2006-09-07 |
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