WO2004113888A1 - 時間分解測定装置 - Google Patents
時間分解測定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004113888A1 WO2004113888A1 PCT/JP2004/009268 JP2004009268W WO2004113888A1 WO 2004113888 A1 WO2004113888 A1 WO 2004113888A1 JP 2004009268 W JP2004009268 W JP 2004009268W WO 2004113888 A1 WO2004113888 A1 WO 2004113888A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- time
- detection
- time difference
- data processing
- microchannel plate
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6408—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence with measurement of decay time, time resolved fluorescence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
- H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
- H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
- H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
- H01J43/24—Dynodes having potential gradient along their surfaces
- H01J43/246—Microchannel plates [MCP]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a time-resolved measurement device using a position-sensitive electron multiplier (PS-EMT).
- PS-EMT position-sensitive electron multiplier
- a two-dimensional time-resolved measurement apparatus for performing time-resolved measurement of a light emission phenomenon and acquiring its two-dimensional position and time is known.
- Such an apparatus is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-266942, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-150086, and a paper by S. Charbonneau et al. Two-dimensional time-resolved imaging with 100-ps resolution using a resistive anode photomultiplier tube ”(Rev. Sci. In strum. 6 3 (1 1 ), American, Institute of Physics, USA, January 1992, January 5, pp. 5315-5319.
- a time-resolved measurement apparatus of the present invention acquires position information and timing information of a quantum ray emitted by excitation of a sample.
- This time-resolved measurement device consists of a signal generator that generates a reference time pulse in synchronization with sample excitation, a quantum beam from the sample, and a position signal corresponding to the detection position and a detection timing pulse synchronized with the detection timing.
- a position calculator that calculates a detected position using a position signal, a time difference meter that measures a time difference between a reference time pulse and a detection timing pulse, and a position calculator that calculates the position difference.
- a data processing device for storing the detected position and the time difference measured by the time difference measuring device in association with each other.
- the detection device has a position detection type electron multiplier.
- This electron multiplier is A microchannel plate that generates electrons at a position corresponding to the position of incidence on the electron multiplier and multiplies the electrons while maintaining the position, and an output terminal electrically connected to the microchannel plate have.
- the detection timing pulse is generated according to the potential change when the electron multiplied by the microchannel plate is emitted from the microchannel plate, and is sent from the microchannel plate to the time difference measuring instrument through the output terminal.
- the data processing device corrects the time difference according to the distance between the position where the detection timing pulse is generated on the micro channel plate and the output terminal, and stores the corrected time difference in association with the detection position. Since the microchannel plate maintains the position information of the quantum beam, the detection timing pulse is generated on the microchannel plate at a position corresponding to the position of the quantum beam on the sample. Therefore, quantum rays emitted from different positions on the sample generate detection timing pulses at different positions on the microchannel plate. The time required for the generated detection timing pulse to reach the output terminal depends on the distance between the position where the detection timing pulse is generated and the output terminal.
- the data processing device corrects the time difference according to the distance between the position where the detection timing pulse is generated and the output terminal, and eliminates the time difference error corresponding to the difference in the position where the quantum ray is generated. This increases the accuracy of time-resolved measurements.
- Quantum rays include charged particles such as electrons, ions, rays, and rays, photons such as ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays, and neutrons.
- Quantum radiation is generated by the excitation of the sample when atoms and molecules move from a low energy state to a higher energy state due to external stimuli such as heat, light, and radiation, and return to the original state.
- a phenomenon that emits the difference in energy between two states as quantum rays such as light (See Patent Document 1 and Non-patent Document 1 above).
- the data processing device corrects the time difference by removing the time required for the detection timing pulse to reach the output terminal from the position where the detection timing pulse is generated from the time difference measured by the time difference measuring device. May be. In this case, a component depending on the distance between the position where the detection timing pulse is generated and the output terminal is removed from the time difference. As a result, the error of the time difference according to the difference in the generation position of the quantum ray is eliminated, and the accuracy of the time-resolved measurement is improved.
- the data processing device sets a plurality of sampling points on the micro channel plate, acquires correction data for the detection timing pulse generated at each sampling point, and interpolates the data.
- the time difference may be corrected using the data.
- a large number of correction data can be calculated from a small number of samples by interpolation. As a result, the time required to acquire correction data can be reduced.
- the data processing device may accumulate the detection position and the time difference over a plurality of excitations of the sample. This is useful for measuring samples with a low probability of emitting quantum radiation.
- the data processing device may create a histogram of the time difference associated with the specific detection position using the accumulated time difference. This histogram can be used to determine the timing of quantum ray generation at a certain position. The calculated quantum-beam generation timing can be used to analyze the operation of a semiconductor device that emits quantum rays with low probability during operation.
- the sample may include a circuit including a plurality of semiconductor devices capable of emitting a quantum ray during operation. Excitation of the sample may be to drive a circuit to sequentially operate a plurality of semiconductor devices.
- the data processing device may specify a detection position corresponding to the position of the semiconductor device, and calculate a time difference corresponding to a peak of the histogram at the specified detection position.
- the peak of the histogram indicates the time difference at which the occurrence of a quantum ray was detected with the highest frequency at a certain detection position. Therefore, this time difference can be treated as a timing at which quantum rays are generated from the semiconductor device corresponding to the detected position.
- the electron multiplier may be a position detection type photomultiplier having a photocathode that converts a quantum ray into a photoelectron by a photoelectric effect.
- the microphone channel plate is placed opposite the photocathode and receives photoelectrons from the photocathode to generate and multiply secondary electrons.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a time-resolved measurement device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an integrated circuit included in the sample.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing a microchannel plate.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the light emission timing of the transistor in the inverter.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an approximate curve of the line graph of FIG.
- Figure 6 shows multiple detections on the surface of a microchannel plate. It is a schematic plan view showing an outgoing position.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a distribution of detection time delays corresponding to a plurality of detection positions.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of measuring correction data.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing sampling points on the effective area.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a 3D display of the delay of the detection time measured at the sampling point.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a 3D display of the delay after capturing.
- FIG. 12 shows the distribution of the detection time delays corresponding to the transistors in the inverter chain.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the time-resolved measurement.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing another example of the procedure of the time-resolved measurement.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the time-resolved measurement apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment.
- the apparatus 100 detects the light 15 emitted from the sample 10 and measures the two-dimensional position and timing of the light emission.
- the apparatus 100 includes a semiconductor tester 12, a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PS-PMT) 14, a position-time measuring circuit 16, and a data processing apparatus 18. .
- PS-PMT position-sensitive photomultiplier tube
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an IC on a sample 10.
- This IC has an inverter with 12 inverters 22 L to 2212 connected in series. Data chain 20.
- the first-stage Inbata 2 from along the direction of the inverter 2 2 12 until the arrow 2 4 of the final stage signal you sequentially propagate.
- the signal propagation time between two adjacent inverters is theoretically designed to be 70 ps.
- the MOS transistor that forms the inverter may emit light during switching. Therefore, if the position and timing of light emission are measured using the device 100, it is possible to determine which transistor has performed switching and when. This enables the operation analysis of the inverter chain 20.
- the semiconductor tester 12 is an excitation device for exciting the sample 10 to generate light emission.
- the tester 12 is electrically connected to the impeller chain 20 on the sample 10 and applies a drive voltage.
- the tester 12 includes a signal generator 12a that generates a time reference pulse in synchronization with the application of the drive voltage. The time reference pulse is sent to the position time measurement circuit 16.
- the position detection type photomultiplier tube 14 converts light from the sample 10 into electrons, and amplifies the electrons while maintaining their two-dimensional position.
- the photomultiplier tube 14 has a photo power source, a microchannel plate (MCP), and a resistive node.
- MCP microchannel plate
- the microchannel plate is located between the photocathode and the resistive anode.
- the front face of the microchannel plate faces the photoforce, and the rear face faces the resistive anode.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing a microchannel plate.
- the illustration of the channels of the microchannel plate is omitted in FIG.
- a conductive material is deposited as an electrode 30a.
- the periphery of the microchannel plate 30 is covered by an annular metal flange 32.
- a lead terminal 34 is attached to one place of the flange 32.
- the lead terminal 34 is electrically connected to the electrode 30a on the end face of the microchannel plate 30.
- the lead terminal 34 is connected to the position time measuring circuit 16 by a lead wire. As described later, 4 009268
- an electric pulse signal is generated in synchronization with the light detection timing. This pulse signal is sent to circuit 16 through lead terminals 3 4
- the position time measurement circuit 16 is electrically connected to both the tester 12 and the photomultiplier tube 14.
- the circuit 16 functions as a position calculator that calculates a detection position using a signal transmitted from the photomultiplier tube 14.
- the circuit 16 also functions as a time difference measuring device that measures the time difference between the reference time pulse sent from the tester 12 and the detection timing pulse sent from the photomultiplier 14. This time difference indicates the detection time based on the reference time pulse.
- the detection position and detection time obtained by the circuit 16 are sent to the data processing device 18.
- the data processing device 18 receives the detection position and the detection time from the position time measurement circuit 16 and stores them in association with each other.
- the processing device 18 is, for example, a personal computer.
- the processing unit 18 has a CPU, a storage device, a keyboard and a mouse, and a display.
- the storage device stores a data processing program executed by the CPU.
- the tester 12 drives the inverter chain 20 on the sample 10
- the plurality of inverters 22 operate sequentially at intervals of about 70 ps.
- light 15 is emitted from the transistor in the inverter 22 with a certain probability.
- Photomultiplier tube 14 receives light 15 at the photocathode.
- the photoforce sword converts light 15 into photoelectrons by the photoelectric effect.
- the photoelectrons move to the front surface of the microchannel plate, that is, the input surface, by an electric field applied between the photocathode and the microchannel plate.
- the incident position of the photoelectrons on the microchannel plate corresponds to the incident position of the light 15 on the photo force source.
- the microchannel plate generates one or more secondary electrons at the incident position of the photoelectrons, and multiplies the secondary electrons while maintaining the two-dimensional position.
- the microchannel plate has a structure in which many very thin glass pipes are bundled.
- This glass pipe is the channel.
- the inner wall of the channel is an electrical resistor and an electron emitter.
- Each channel functions as an independent electronic multiplier.
- a quantum for example, photoelectrons in the present embodiment
- enters the inner wall of one channel one or more electrons are emitted from the inner wall.
- the emitted electrons are accelerated by an electric field applied between both end surfaces of the microchannel plate, collide again with the inner wall, and emit secondary electrons.
- the secondary electrons travel along the channel while repeatedly hitting the inner wall, and are thereby multiplied.
- the two-dimensional position of the secondary electrons is maintained by the channel.
- the secondary electrons When the secondary electrons reach the rear surface of the microchannel plate, they are emitted from the rear surface of the microchannel plate, that is, the output surface, and are collected by the resistive anode by the electric field applied between the microchannel plate and the resistive anode.
- the resistive anode is a conductor plate provided with a uniform resistance layer on one side.
- Signal reading electrodes are provided at four locations on the periphery of the resistive anode. These electrodes are electrically connected to the measuring circuit 16.
- these readout electrodes output charge pulses.
- the two-dimensional position of the secondary electrons incident on the resist anode is determined based on the charge amount of these charge pulses. In this way, the resistive anode generates a signal corresponding to the detection position of the light 15 and sends it to the position time measurement circuit 16.
- the circuit 16 receives charge pulses from the four corner electrodes of the resistive anode of the photomultiplier tube 14 and calculates the two-dimensional position of the secondary electrons on the resistive anode by detecting the center of gravity. I do. This two-dimensional position corresponds to the two-dimensional position of light emission on the sample 10. Thus, the detection position of the light 15 is obtained. This detected position is sent to the data processing device 18. [0400] Further, the photomultiplier tube 14 generates a pulse in synchronization with the detection timing of the light 15. This detection timing pulse is extracted from the microchannel plate 30. Hereinafter, generation of the detection timing pulse will be described with reference to FIG.
- a square area indicated by reference numeral 36 can collect secondary electrons by the resistive anode in the rear surface (output surface) of the microchannel plate 30. This area is hereinafter referred to as an “effective area”.
- an effective area When light emitted from the inverter Ichita 2 2 i to 2 2 12, photoelectrons are collected to a position 3 S i S 8 12 of the inverter 2 2 to 2 2 12 effective region 3 of 6 corresponding to.
- the potential of the output surface of the microchannel plate 30 rises instantaneously.
- the circuit 16 receives the reference time pulse from the tester 12 immediately after the tester 12 drives the inverter chain 20 on the sample 1 ⁇ and then detects it from the microphone channel plate 30. Receive a timing pulse.
- the circuit 16 has a time-to-amplitude converter (T AC), and the reference time pulse and the detection timing pulse are sent to this time-to-voltage converter.
- T AC time-to-amplitude converter
- the time-to-voltage converter generates a voltage signal having a level corresponding to the time difference between the reference time pulse and the detection timing pulse. As described above, this time difference is equivalent to the detection time of the light 15 based on the excitation time of the sample 10.
- this signal corresponding to the time difference is referred to as a “detection time signal”.
- the detection time signal is sent from the circuit 16 to the data processor 18.
- the data processing device 18 receives the detection position and the detection time signal from the circuit 16, corrects the detection time indicated by the detection time signal, and associates the detection position with the detection time. And store it in the storage device. The correction of the detection time will be described later in detail.
- the sample 10 Since the probability that the transistor emits light when switching is very small, the sample 10 is repeatedly excited, and the detection position and the detection time are accumulated in the data processing device 18.
- the stored data can be used in various ways. For example, the data processing device 18 counts the number of times of light emission at each detection position over a specific period of time, and generates a two-dimensional image in which luminance according to the obtained count is assigned to pixels corresponding to the detection position. Can be. Further, the data processing device 18 can create a histogram of the detection time at a specific detection position using the accumulated detection time. In this histogram, the horizontal axis is the detection time, and the vertical axis is the number of light emissions.
- the peak of the histogram indicates the time at which light emission was detected at a specific detection position with high frequency. Therefore, the detection time corresponding to the peak can be regarded as the timing at which the transistor in the inverter 22 corresponding to the detection position switches.
- FIG. 4 shows the case where the detection time is corrected and the case where the detection time is not corrected.
- FIG. 4 shows the light emission timing of Inbata 2 2 i ⁇ 2 2 12 based on Oite acquired data.
- 40 indicates the light emission timing when the detection time is not corrected
- 42 indicates the light emission timing when the detection time is corrected.
- FIG. 5 shows the approximate curves of these line graphs 40 and 42.
- 50 indicates an approximate curve when the detection time is not corrected
- 52 indicates an approximate curve when the detection time is corrected.
- the horizontal axis in these graphs indicates the transistors included in the inverter 2 2 i ⁇ 2 2 12, the vertical axis represents the detection time.
- each inverter 2 2 There 2 2 3, 2 2 5, 2 2 7, 2 2 9 and n included in 2 2 u — Indicates FET, 2 p, 4 p, 6 p, 8 p 10 p and 12 p are inverters 2 2 2 , 2 2 4 , 2 2 6 , 2 2 8 , 2 2 1 () and 2 respectively 2 Indicates the p-FET contained in 12
- the detection time on the vertical axis is obtained by creating a histogram for each inverter 22 using the detection positions and detection times accumulated in the data processing device 18 and detecting the peak corresponding to the peak in the histogram. It is obtained by calculating the time.
- the inventor of the present invention considers the switching timing unevenness observed in the measurement result to be an error caused by a variation in the propagation time of the detection timing pulse on the microchannel plate 30. Hereinafter, this point will be described.
- the distance between the detection timing pulse generation position 38 and the lead terminal 34 differs depending on the position of the inverter 22. Because of this, The time required for the detection timing pulse generated by the light emitted from the inverter 22 to propagate from the generation position 38 to the lead terminal 34 differs. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the distance between the detected position 3 8 lead terminals 3 4 corresponding to the emission of the inverter 2 2 i is and detects position location 3 8 6 corresponding to the light emission of the inverter 2 2 6 The distance between the lead terminal 34 and 16 is 16 .
- the time required for the detection timing pulse to propagate from each of the detection positions 38 i and 38 6 to the lead terminal 34 has a difference of (-) / c by simply thinking. Is done.
- c represents the speed of the electromagnetic wave.
- the detection time is delayed from the point in time when the light 15 is actually detected, that is, the point in time when the detection timing pulse is generated, by the time required for the detection timing pulse to propagate to the position time measuring circuit 16. Since this delay (delay) is different in accordance with the detected position location 3 S i S 8 12, the time interval of the sweep rate Tsu quenching timing to be measured is considered to be non-uniform.
- the propagation time of the detection timing pulse is complicatedly affected by various factors such as the shape of the flange 32, the structure and the material of the microchannel plate 30, and the like.
- the number of lead terminals is not limited to one, but may be plural from the viewpoint of reducing the absolute value of the delay (reducing the distance from the detection position 38 to the lead terminal 34). It may be installed permanently. In this case, it is preferable that the plurality of lead terminals have the same length. As an example corresponding to the case where the number of lead terminals 34 is infinite, if a cone-shaped electrode is used instead of the lead terminals, the absolute value of the delay can be minimized.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing a plurality of detection positions P1 to P14 on the microchannel plate 30, and FIG. 7 shows a delay of detection time according to those positions. ing.
- the channels of the microchannel plate 30 are not shown in FIG.
- the delay distribution shown in FIG. 7 reflects that the detection timing signal generated at a position farther from the lead terminal 34 has a longer time to reach the lead terminal 34. In addition, it corresponds to each detection position 268
- the calculated delay can be calculated using an electromagnetic field simulator or a high-frequency circuit simulator, or can be measured by a method described later.
- the variation in the delay of the detection time according to the detection position does not pose a problem in applications where light emitted from one location on the sample 10 is repeatedly measured.
- a problem arises when analyzing the continuous operation timing of a plurality of semiconductor devices arranged at different positions as in the inverter chain 20.
- the closer the inverter 22 is to the final stage the more the detection timing pulse is generated at the detection position 38 closer to the output terminal 34. Therefore, the closer the inverter 22 to the last stage, the shorter the detection time delay.
- Such non-uniformity of the delay causes a measurement result that the switching interval, which should be constant, is gradually reduced.
- Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the measurement method. In this method, a picosecond or sub-nanosecond pulse laser light source 40 is used in place of the tester 12 in the time-resolved measurement device 100, and the distribution of delay according to the detection position of the laser light is measured. .
- the laser light source 40 emits a pulse laser beam and outputs a time reference signal in synchronization with the emission. This time reference signal is sent to the position time measuring circuit 16.
- An optical fiber 42 is connected to the light source 40. Pulsed laser light emitted from the light source 4 0 is propagated through the optical fiber 4 2 medium, and emits toward the lens 4 4. The laser light is focused by a lens 44 and is incident on a photoforce 50 of a photomultiplier tube 14. The photoelectrons generated by the photoelectric effect in the photoforce 50 are multiplied by the microchannel plate and emitted toward the resistive anode 52.
- the inspection that occurs at this time The outgoing timing pulse propagates on the rear surface of the microchannel plate 30 and reaches the lead terminal 34, from which it is sent to the position time measuring circuit 16. From the resistive anode 52, a signal corresponding to the detection position of the laser pulse light is sent to the circuit 16.
- the circuit 16 calculates the detection position based on the signal from the resistive anode, and sends it to the data processing device 18. Further, the circuit 16 generates a signal corresponding to the time difference between the time reference pulse from the light source 40 and the detection timing pulse, and sends the signal to the data processing device 18. In this method, this time difference is treated as a delay of the detection time according to the detection position.
- the data processing device 18 stores the detected position sent from the circuit 16 in association with the delay. Using an X_Y stage (not shown), light is incident on various positions of the photocathode 50 while the output end 43 of the optical fiber is moved two-dimensionally, and the data processing device 18 is provided with the detection position. Accumulate delay.
- the data processing device 18 allocates 51 2 x 5 12, that is, about 260,000 pixels to the active area 36 on the micro channel plate 30.
- 51 2 x 5 12 that is, about 260,000 pixels to the active area 36 on the micro channel plate 30.
- FIG. 10 shows a 3D display of the distribution of the delay measured at the sampling points 54.
- the delay corresponding to the position between sampling points 54 is calculated by two-dimensional spline capture.
- Fig. 11 shows a 3D display of the distribution of the delay obtained by capturing. Such an interpolated delay distribution is used as correction data.
- FIG. 12 shows a delay corresponding to a transistor in the inverter chain 20 based on the correction data of FIG. As shown in Figure 12 The earlier the transistor, the larger the delay.
- the data processing device 18 After acquiring the detection time from the circuit 16 by the time-resolved measurement of the sample 10, the data processing device 18 subtracts the correction data from the detection time. That is, the delay corresponding to the same detection position is subtracted from the detection time corresponding to each detection position. By this subtraction, the propagation time of the detection timing pulse included in the detection time is removed. This makes it possible to correct an error in the detection time due to a variation in the propagation time of the detection timing pulse. The data processing device 18 stores the thus corrected detection time in association with the detection position. Therefore, the accuracy of time-resolved measurement can be improved. In fact, as shown in the graph 5 2 graphs 4 2 and 5 of Figure 4, the detection time of the light emission from the transistor capacitor of the inverter 2 2 i to 2 2 12 in is almost equidistant by correction, design theory Will match.
- the acquisition of the correction data may be performed before the time-resolved measurement of the sample 10 as shown in FIG. 13 or after the time-resolved measurement as shown in FIG. It may be.
- correction data is obtained by the method described above with reference to FIG. 8 (step S130).
- This correction data is stored in a storage device in the data processing device 18 (step S132).
- the apparatus 100 performs time-resolved measurement of the light emission from the inverter chain 20 by the method described above with reference to FIG. 1 (step S134).
- the data processing device 18 subtracts the correction data from the obtained measurement data, and corrects the time error included in the measurement data (Step S136).
- the corrected measurement data is stored in the storage device and displayed on the display of the data processing device 18 in the form of a line graph as shown in FIG. 4 (step S138).
- time-resolved measurement of the inverter chain 20 is performed using the device 100 (step S140), and the obtained measurement is performed.
- the constant data is stored in the storage device in the data processing device 18 (step S142). So after that, the time error correction data is obtained by the method shown in FIG. 8 (step S144).
- the data processing device 18 reads the measurement data from the storage device and subtracts the correction data therefrom to correct the time error (step S146).
- the captured measurement data is stored in the storage device and displayed on the display (step S148).
- correction data is obtained by the measurement shown in FIG.
- the correction data may be obtained by calculation.
- the above-mentioned delay distribution can be calculated using an electromagnetic field simulator or a high-frequency circuit simulator.
- photomultiplier tube is one embodiment of “electron multiplier tube (EMT)".
- the above embodiment uses a position detection type photomultiplier tube (PS- S).
- PS- ⁇ position detection type electron multiplier
- the microphone channel plate is sensitive not only to electron beams but also directly to other quantum rays such as ultraviolet rays (UV and VUV), X-rays, rays, charged particles, and neutrons. .
- PS—PTMT or PS—EMT is appropriately selected according to the type of quantum ray emitted from the detection target.
- the resistive node is used as the position detection type anode.
- any other position sensitive anode such as a multi-anode, CR chain anode, cross-wire anode, or semiconductor device position sensitive device (PSD) may be used.
- a fluorescent plate that converts secondary electrons into an optical image may be used as an anode, and the position of the secondary electrons may be measured by capturing the optical image using an image sensor.
- the fluorescent screen and the image sensor The fiber coupling may be performed through a fiber plate.
- the operation analysis of the semiconductor integrated circuit is taken up.
- time-resolved detection according to the present invention can be used, and various measurement methods including TOF (Time Of Flight) application, for example, secondary ion mass spectrometry (S IMS), ion
- S IMS secondary ion mass spectrometry
- ISS scattering spectroscopy
- atom probes and the like.
- the time-resolved measurement apparatus of the present invention can eliminate errors in the detection time by correcting non-uniformity of the detection time delay according to the detection position, and can improve the accuracy of the time-resolved measurement.
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KR1020057020479A KR101058672B1 (ko) | 2003-06-24 | 2004-06-24 | 시간 분해 측정 장치 |
EP04746737A EP1640711A1 (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2004-06-24 | Time-resolved measurement apparatus |
US10/561,938 US7425694B2 (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2004-06-24 | Time-resolved measurement apparatus |
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JP4268463B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-25 | 2009-05-27 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 時間分解測定装置および位置検出型電子増倍管 |
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JP5474312B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-20 | 2014-04-16 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 荷電粒子ビーム装置及びその制御方法 |
JP5181150B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-09 | 2013-04-10 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 表面分析方法 |
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JP5582493B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-17 | 2014-09-03 | 独立行政法人理化学研究所 | マイクロチャネルプレート組立体及びマイクロチャネルプレート検出器 |
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EP2564021B1 (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2018-02-21 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Measurement of isotope ratios in complex matrices |
JP2015233169A (ja) * | 2012-09-25 | 2015-12-24 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 放射線画撮影装置、放射線動画撮影システム、放射線画撮影装置の制御方法、及び放射線画撮影制御プログラム |
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JP7217158B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-24 | 2023-02-02 | 株式会社ダイセル | 航空機用部材、及びその製造方法 |
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JPS60220542A (ja) * | 1984-04-17 | 1985-11-05 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 入射位置情報を取出し可能な光電子増倍装置 |
JPH07211280A (ja) * | 1994-01-19 | 1995-08-11 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 位置検出型光電子増倍管 |
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JPS61266942A (ja) | 1985-05-21 | 1986-11-26 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 2次元微弱発光測定装置 |
JP3071809B2 (ja) * | 1990-09-07 | 2000-07-31 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | ストリーク管 |
JP2875370B2 (ja) * | 1990-09-14 | 1999-03-31 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 荷電粒子測定装置および光強度波形測定装置 |
US5940545A (en) | 1996-07-18 | 1999-08-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Noninvasive optical method for measuring internal switching and other dynamic parameters of CMOS circuits |
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Patent Citations (2)
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JPS60220542A (ja) * | 1984-04-17 | 1985-11-05 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 入射位置情報を取出し可能な光電子増倍装置 |
JPH07211280A (ja) * | 1994-01-19 | 1995-08-11 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 位置検出型光電子増倍管 |
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US20070267565A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
JP4268461B2 (ja) | 2009-05-27 |
CN100473974C (zh) | 2009-04-01 |
TW200508595A (en) | 2005-03-01 |
KR20060024368A (ko) | 2006-03-16 |
TWI331214B (en) | 2010-10-01 |
KR101058672B1 (ko) | 2011-08-22 |
US7425694B2 (en) | 2008-09-16 |
EP1640711A1 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
JP2005019537A (ja) | 2005-01-20 |
CN1809741A (zh) | 2006-07-26 |
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