WO2004111486A1 - Ressort a lames - Google Patents

Ressort a lames Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004111486A1
WO2004111486A1 PCT/CN2004/000632 CN2004000632W WO2004111486A1 WO 2004111486 A1 WO2004111486 A1 WO 2004111486A1 CN 2004000632 W CN2004000632 W CN 2004000632W WO 2004111486 A1 WO2004111486 A1 WO 2004111486A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
damping
leaf spring
reed
spring according
leaf
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2004/000632
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Xuejun Yin
Guozhen Qian
Original Assignee
Xuejun Yin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xuejun Yin filed Critical Xuejun Yin
Publication of WO2004111486A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004111486A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
    • F16F3/10—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction
    • F16F3/12—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction the steel spring being in contact with the rubber spring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/18—Leaf springs
    • F16F1/20—Leaf springs with layers, e.g. anti-friction layers, or with rollers between the leaves

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a spring, and particularly relates to a leaf spring for a vehicle. Background technique
  • Leaf springs are a frequently used part in vehicles. Common leaf springs are used by stacking multiple sheets and rely on friction between the springs to generate damping. Because the reed is easy to wear, noise will be generated during friction, and the damping will change after encountering water and oil, so the stability and reliability of vibration reduction are poor. Summary of the Invention
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the above defects and provide a leaf spring with no wear, no noise, and stable vibration damping performance.
  • the present invention provides a leaf spring including at least one reed, which is characterized in that at least one surface of the reed is at least partially in contact with the damping body.
  • the combination of the damping body and the reed may be in the following forms:
  • the damping body is located in an interlayer between the reed and the restraint plate;
  • the leaf spring is made up of at least two sheets, and the damping body is located between adjacent spring sheets.
  • Several reeds form a reed group, and a damping body is arranged between adjacent reeds in each reed group, and the reed group and the reed group are directly stacked;
  • the damping body according to the present invention includes any material that has a high material damping ratio and can provide sufficient damping, and is divided into two categories: solid damping materials and liquid damping materials.
  • Solid damping materials include high-damping viscoelastic and viscoplastic polymer materials, such as high-damping rubber, high-damping polyurethane, superplastic silicone rubber, asphalt rubber, and high-damping modified asphalt-based materials that are solid at operating temperatures.
  • the damping ratio of these damping materials is very high, reaching more than 30-50%, which is different from general elastic materials or viscoelastic elastic materials with slight damping.
  • the damping ratio of general rubber materials is only about 2-5%;
  • Liquid damping materials are high-viscosity liquids with stable performance, non-volatile, and ageing resistance, such as silicone oil, and modified asphalt that is viscous at operating temperature.
  • the solid damping material and the liquid damping material of the present invention also include materials using the above damping material as a matrix and adding other fillers, such as adding short fibers and mica powder to increase the intrinsic damping of the damping material, and adding rubber powder to increase the With the elasticity of the material, the addition of metal fibers can increase the thermal conductivity of the material.
  • the constraining plate in the present invention may be any metal or plastic plate or profile, such as a steel plate, a spring steel plate, a nylon plate, etc., having a shape similar to a reed, a stiffness less than the reed, and a stiffness greater than that of the damping material.
  • a solid high-damping material it can be connected with a reed or a restraint plate by means of self-adhesive bonding, chemical bonding, hot-melt, vulcanization, pouring, coating, clamping, wrapping and the like.
  • the liquid damping material partially or completely fills the space around the plate spring.
  • the present invention may specifically adopt the following solutions:
  • a sealing body or a sealing structure is provided between adjacent reeds filled with liquid damping material or between the reeds and the restraint plate to form one or more damping chambers, and the liquid damping material is sealed in the chambers;
  • a sealed body is arranged around the laminated reed, and a liquid damping material is arranged in the sealed body, which at least partially fills the space around the reed;
  • the sealing body and the distance piece have a certain elasticity, to ensure that adjacent springs do not contact and wear, and do not hinder the relative movement of the springs.
  • a single reed group or the entire leaf spring may be provided with a protective layer.
  • the protective layer should have the following functions: 1) Protect the leaf spring and the damping body, such as preventing ultraviolet radiation, and avoiding contact with water, oil, and harmful gases in the first stage; 2) Play an additional tightening effect on solid damping. 3) It has a sealing effect on the liquid damping material and can be integrated with the function of the sealing body.
  • the leaf spring of the present invention is provided with a damping body on the surface of the reed, when the leaf spring undergoes bending deformation or vibration, the damping body will generate a forced deformation mainly based on shear, thereby absorbing and consuming vibration energy, so that the leaf spring The vibration quickly weakened. Because the contact with water, oil and air is avoided, the leaf spring is not easy to rust, the damping characteristics of the leaf spring are stable, there is no direct contact and wear between the springs, and there is no noise. Therefore, the damping of the leaf spring is stable and reliable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along AA of Figure 1; 3 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along B-B in Fig. 3;
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along C-C of Fig. 5;
  • Embodiments 4 and 5 of the present invention are schematic diagrams of the overall structure of Embodiments 4 and 5 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line D-D in Fig. 7 in Embodiment 4;
  • Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along line D-D in Fig. 7 in the fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along line E-E of Fig. 10. detailed description
  • the structure is shown in Figs. 1 and 2. It consists of a reed 1.
  • the upper and lower surfaces are vulcanized with a high damping rubber layer 2.
  • the advantage is that it is solid at working temperature and can be assembled directly.
  • the high damping rubber itself is also the protective layer of the reed.
  • the restraint plate 9 includes a reed and a restraint plate 9 consistent with its shape.
  • the restraint plate 9 is made of a thin steel plate.
  • the hot-melt bonding between the plate spring 1 and the restraint plate 9 is a modified asphalt-based high damping material that is solid at room temperature, such as As shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the advantage of this example is that restricting the plate increases the shear to the damping and improves the damping ratio of the leaf spring.
  • the structure is shown in Figs. 5 and 6. It is composed of two reeds 1.
  • the interlayer between the reeds 1 is filled with a high damping material, such as high viscosity silicone oil 2b.
  • the rubber is vulcanized to form a seal around the interlayer.
  • the material of the distance block 3 is elastic rubber, which can not only set the distance, but also not hinder the function of the plate spring.
  • the end portion of the reed 1 is provided with a clamp type clamping device 6.
  • the fixed distance block can also use solid high damping materials, and appropriately increase the size.
  • the structure is shown in Figures 7 and 8. It consists of three reeds 1 stacked, and the reeds are filled with silicone oil 2b. There are fixed pieces in it to keep the distance between the reeds and they are stacked together.
  • a protective layer 5 is provided on the outside of the reed 1 and has a sealing function. Protective layer 5 and distance block 3 are made of ordinary elastic rubber to make.
  • Embodiment 4 As shown in FIGS. 7 and 9, compared with Embodiment 4, solid damping material 2a is used instead of liquid damping material 2b, the distance piece and the sealing body are omitted, and the protective layer 5 has reinforcing fibers, which also act as a tightening force.
  • the embodiment has a simple structure and reliable performance.
  • the structure is shown in Figs. 10 and 11. It consists of four reeds 1 superimposed, forming a group of two, and a solid damping material high damping rubber 2a is arranged between the interlayers of each group, and the group and the group are directly stacked or added.
  • the protective layer is superimposed.
  • the solid high damping material can be self-adhesive, adhesive bonding, hot-melt bonding, vulcanization, casting curing, coating, clamping, wrapping, etc. It is connected to the reed; high-viscosity liquids are filled first and then sealed.
  • the damping body When the leaf spring undergoes bending deformation, the damping body will generate shear-based deformation, which can absorb the motion energy of the leaf spring, convert it into heat energy and consume it, so that the vibration of the leaf spring is rapidly weakened.
  • the damping characteristics of the damping material are stable, so the vibration damping of the leaf spring is stable and reliable.
  • the outer protective layer has the effect of protecting the surface of the leaf spring, and avoids the surface deterioration of the leaf spring due to contact with air, water, oil, etc.
  • the equivalent technical solutions of the invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Description

板式弹簧 技术领域
本发明属于弹簧， 尤其涉及一种用于车辆的板式弹簧。 背景技术
板式弹簧是车辆上经常使用的部件， 普通的板式弹簧由多片叠合使用， 依靠簧片之间的摩擦产生阻尼。 由于簧片容易磨损， 摩擦时会产生噪声， 遇 水、 遇油后会导致阻尼发生变化， 故减振的稳定性和可靠性差。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述缺陷， 提供一种无磨损、 无噪音、 减振性能 稳定的板式弹簧。
为达到上述目的， 本发明提供了一种板式弹簧， 包括至少一个簧片， 其 特征在于簧片的至少一个表面至少部分地与阻尼体接触。
优选地， 阻尼体与簧片的结合可以是以下几种形式：
1 )所述阻尼体位于所述簧片与约束板之间的夹层内；
2 )所述板式弹簧由至少两片叠合而成， 阻尼体位于相邻簧片之间。 3 )若干簧片組成一簧片组， 每簧片组内相邻簧片之间设置阻尼体， 簧 片组与簧片组直接叠合；
优选地， 本发明所说的阻尼体， 包括任何具有较高材料阻尼比、 能够提 供足够阻尼的材料， 分固体阻尼材料和液体阻尼材料两大类。 固体阻尼材料 包括包括高阻尼的粘弹性和粘塑性的高分子材料， 如高阻尼橡胶、 高阻尼聚 氨酯、 超塑性硅氧橡胶， 沥青橡胶、 及工作温度下呈固态的高阻尼改性沥青 基材料等， 这些阻尼材料的材料阻尼比很高， 达 30 - 50 %以上， 有别于一般 的弹性材料或略有阻尼的粘弹性弹性材料， 如一般的橡胶材料阻尼比只有 2 - 5 %左右； 液体阻尼材料为性能稳定、 不易挥发、 耐老化的高粘度液体， 例如硅油、 以及工作温度下呈粘滞状态的改性沥青等。 本发明的固体阻尼材 料和液体阻尼材料还包括以上述阻尼材料为基体、 添加有其它填充物的材 料， 如添加短纤维、 云母粉可以增大阻尼材料内在阻尼， 添加橡胶粉可以增 加材料的弹性， 添加金属纤维可以增加材料的导热性能。
优选地， 本发明所说的约束板， 可以是形状类似簧片、 刚度小于簧片、 刚度比阻尼材料大的任何金属或塑料板材或型材， 如钢板、 弹簧钢板、 尼龙 板等。
优选地，对于固体高阻尼材料， 可以采用不干胶贴粘、化学粘结、 热熔、 硫化、 浇注、 涂覆、 夹持、 包裹等方式与簧片或约束板联结。
优选地， 对于液体高阻尼材料， 液体阻尼材料部分或全部地充满板式弹 簧周围的空间， 本发明具体可采取以下几种方案：
在充有液体阻尼材料的相邻簧片之间或簧片与约束板之间的四周设有 密封体或密封结构， 构成一个或多个阻尼腔室， 液体阻尼材料密封于该腔室 内；
叠合后的簧片外围设置密封体， 密封体内设置液体阻尼材料， 它至少部 分地充满簧片周围的空间；
由于液体在受挤压时可以流动， 为了保持阻尼腔室厚度以及簧片之间的 间距， 在充有液体阻尼材料的相邻簧片之间设有定距件。
密封体和定距件具有一定弹性， 保证相邻簧片不接触和磨损， 也不阻碍 簧片的相对移动。
优选地， 为了避免阻尼材料受到外部环境的损害， 单个簧片组或整个板 式弹簧可以设有保护层。 保护层应具有如下功能： 1 )对板式弹簧和阻尼体 有保护作用， 如防止紫外线照射， 一级避免与水、 油、有害气体接触等； 2 ) 对固体阻尼起到额外的束紧作用。 3 )对液体阻尼材料起到密封作用， 可于 密封体的功能合一。
本发明的板式弹簧由于在簧片表面设置了阻尼体， 当板式弹簧发生弯曲 变形或振动时， 阻尼体就会产生以剪切为主的强制变形， 从而吸收、 消耗的 振动能量， 使得板式弹簧的振动迅速减弱。 由于避免了与水、 油和空气的接 触， 板式弹簧不易生锈， 板式弹簧的阻尼特性稳定， 簧片之间无直接接触和 磨损， 没有噪声， 因此板式弹簧的减振稳定、 可靠。 附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例 1整体结构示意图；
图 2是图 1沿 A-A的剖视图； 图 3是本发明实施例 2整体结构示意图；
图 4是图 3沿 B-B的剖视图；
图 5是本发明实施例 3整体结构示意图；
图 6是图 5沿 C-C的剖视图；
图 7是本发明实施例 4、 5整体结构示意图；
图 8是实施例 4沿图 7中 D-D的剖视图；
图 9是实施例 5沿图 7中 D-D的剖视图；
图 10本发明实施例 6整体结构示意图；
图 11是图 10沿 E-E的剖视图。 具体实施方式
实施例 1 :
结构如图 1、 2所示， 它由一个簧片 1组成， 其上下表面硫化高阻尼橡 胶层 2, 其形成簧片 1的自由阻尼层。 优点是工作温度下呈固态， 可直接组 装， 另外高阻尼橡胶本身同时也是簧片的保护层。
实施例 2:
它包括一个簧片和与其形状一致的约束板 9, 约束板 9用薄钢板制作， 在板式弹簧 1和约束板 9之间热熔粘结常温下呈固态的改性沥青基高阻尼材 料， 如图 3、 4所示。 本实例的优点是约束板增大了对阻尼的剪切， 提高了 板式弹簧的阻尼比。
实施例 3:
结构如图 5、 6所示， 它由两个簧片 1叠合而成， 簧片 1之间的夹层内 灌注有高阻尼材料，如高粘度硅油 2b,夹层的四周用橡胶硫化形成密封体 4, 沿簧片长度方向还有定距块 3 , 定距块 3的材料为具有弹性的橡胶， 既能定 距， 又不妨碍板式弹簧的功能。 另外， 同普通板式弹簧一样， 当簧片 1数量 不止一个时， 簧片 1的端头部位设置卡箍类夹紧装置 6。 当为了获得所需的 合适的阻尼特性时， 定距块也可采用固体高阻尼材料， 并适当加大尺寸。
实施例 4:
结构如图 7、 8所示， 它由三个簧片 1叠合而成， 簧片之间充灌满硅油 2b, 其内设有定距件保持簧片之间的间距， 叠合在一起的簧片 1的外部的设 置保护层 5 , 同时具有密封功能。 保护层 5、 定距块 3均由普通弹性橡胶构 成。
实施例 5:
如图 7、 9所示， 与实施例 4相比， 以固体阻尼材料 2a代替液体阻尼材 料 2b, 省去定距件和密封体， 保护层 5内有加强纤维， 同时起束紧作用， 本 实施例结构简单， 性能可靠。
实施例 6:
结构如图 10、 11所示， 它由四个簧片 1叠合而成， 两两形成一组， 每 组的夹层之间设置固体阻尼材料高阻尼橡胶 2a,组与组直接叠合或加保护层 后叠合。
阻尼体与簧片的联结方式可以有很多种， 固体高阻尼材料可以采用不干 胶自粘、 粘合剂粘结、 热熔粘结、 硫化、 浇注固化、 涂覆、 夹持、 包裹等方 式与簧片联结； 高粘度液体则采用先灌注再密封的方式。
本发明当板式弹簧发生弯曲变形时， 阻尼体就会产生以剪切为主的变 形， 能够会吸收板式弹簧的运动能量， 将其转化为热能而消耗掉， 使得板式 弹簧的振动迅速减弱， 由于阻尼材料的阻尼特性稳定， 因此板式弹簧的减振 稳定、 可靠。
外保护层起到对板式弹簧表面保护的效果， 避免了板式弹簧因与空气、 水、 油等接触而造成锈蚀等表面恶化的现象。 发明等同的技术方案均在本发 明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种板式弹簧， 包括至少一个簧片，其特征在于簧片的至少一个表面 至少部分地与阻尼体接触。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的板式弹簧，其特征在于还包括与簧片形状一致 的约束板， 所述阻尼体位于所述簧片与约束板之间的夹层内。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的板式弹簧， 其特征在于至少有两个簧片叠合， 相邻簧片之间的夹层设置阻尼体。
4.根据权利要求 1 所述的板式弹簧， 其特征在于若干簧片叠合成簧片 組， 每个簧片组内相邻簧片之间设置阻尼体， 簧片组与簧片组直接叠合。
5.才 据权利要求 1至 4任一项所述的板式弹簧，其特征在于所述阻尼体 是固体高阻尼材料， 其采用不干胶粘贴、 粘合剂粘结、 热熔粘结、 硫化、 浇 注、 涂覆、 夹持、 包裹等方式与簧片联结。
6.才 据权利要求 1至 4任一项所述的板式弹簧，其特征在于在相邻簧片 之间、 或簧片与约束板之间设有密封件或密封结构， 构成一个或多个阻尼腔 室， 液体阻尼材料密封于该腔室内。
7.才 居权利要求 1至 4任一项所述的板式弹簧，其特征在于所述叠合后 的簧片外围设置密封体， 密封体内设置液体阻尼材料， 它至少部分地充满簧 片周围的空间。
8.根据权利要求 6或 7所述的板式弹簧，其特征在于在充有液体阻尼材 料的相邻簧片之间设有旨在保持阻尼腔室厚度以及簧片之间间距的定距件。
9.根据权利要求 4 所述的板式弹簧， 其特征在于单个簧片组设有保护 层。
10.根据权利要求 5或 6所述的板式弹簧， 其特征在于叠合在一起的簧 片外围设有保护层。
PCT/CN2004/000632 2003-06-13 2004-06-11 Ressort a lames WO2004111486A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN03112571.9 2003-06-13
CNB031125719A CN1300484C (zh) 2003-06-13 2003-06-13 板式弹簧

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WO2004111486A1 true WO2004111486A1 (fr) 2004-12-23

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