WO2004111280A2 - Procede et installation de refroidissement d'une bande metallique en defilement - Google Patents
Procede et installation de refroidissement d'une bande metallique en defilement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004111280A2 WO2004111280A2 PCT/FR2004/001441 FR2004001441W WO2004111280A2 WO 2004111280 A2 WO2004111280 A2 WO 2004111280A2 FR 2004001441 W FR2004001441 W FR 2004001441W WO 2004111280 A2 WO2004111280 A2 WO 2004111280A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- strip
- cooling
- support
- support roller
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
- C21D9/573—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling
- C21D9/5735—Details
- C21D9/5737—Rolls; Drums; Roll arrangements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
- C21D9/573—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an installation for cooling a moving metal strip.
- the strip is quenched either by a jet of gas, or by a jet of liquid, or by at least one cooling roller on which the strip comes into contact.
- Known methods of cooling by roller consist in applying a strip which moves in a continuous movement on at least one cooling roller inside which circulates a cooling liquid, in particular cold water.
- the roller is movable in rotation around its axis, being driven either by the friction of the moving strip, or by a clean motorized assembly.
- the strip thus applied to the roll forms an arc, the lower surface of which delimits with the outside face of the roll a contact zone suitable for removing towards the inside of the roll part of the heat from the strip.
- each of these support rollers is mounted to rotate freely about its axis, at the end of rigid arms, the distance from which is port to the cooling roller is predetermined according to the thickness of the strip.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a method and an installation for cooling a moving metal strip, which make it possible to firmly hold the strip against a cooling roller, while controlling this cooling and without thereby harming the surface condition of the strip.
- the subject of the invention is a method of cooling a moving metal strip, of the type in which: - the metal strip to be cooled is continuously moved, the strip is applied to a main cooling roller movable around of its axis so that the strip forms an arc, the lower surface of which delimits with the outside face of the main cooling roll a contact zone adapted to evacuate towards inside this roller part of the heat of the strip, and the strip is kept in contact with the main cooling roller by means of at least one support roller on the upper surface of the arc formed by the strip, the or each support roller being disposed substantially parallel to the main cooling roller and movable in rotation about its axis, characterized in that the or each support roller consists, at least on the periphery, of a material elastically deformable and thermo-capacitive, and in that the heat transmitted from the strip is evacuated to the or each support roller by means of secondary cooling adapted to form with part of the external face of the or each roller d support a heat transfer zone to these secondary cooling means.
- each support roller extends over at least the entire width of the strip so as to apply to the upper surface of the arc formed by the strip a substantially uniform pressure over this entire width; the temperature of the strip applied at the inlet of the main cooling roller is lower than the degradation temperature of the material constituting the support roller (s); and
- the temperature of the strip applied at the input is less than around 200 ° C.
- the subject of the invention is also an installation for cooling a moving metal strip, said strip to be cooled being moved continuously, of the type comprising a main cooling roller on which the strip is applied so as to form an arc whose lower surface defines with the outside face of this roller a contact zone suitable for discharging towards the inside the main cooling roller, part of the heat of the strip, and at least one support roller on the upper surface of the arc formed by the strip, adapted to keep the strip in contact with the main cooling roller , the or each support roller being disposed substantially parallel to the main cooling roller and movable in rotation about its axis, characterized in that the or each support roller consists, at least on the periphery, of an elastically material deformable and thermo-capacitive, and in that the installation comprises secondary cooling means adapted to form with part of the external face of the from each support roller a heat transfer zone towards these secondary cooling means in order to evacuate the heat transmitted from the strip to the or each support roller.
- the or each support roller is made, at least at the periphery, of elastomer, in particular of vulcanized silicone; the material of which the or each support roller is made at least on the periphery, has a coefficient of thermal conductivity less than 1 W / mK; - the diameter of the or each support roller is between a quarter and a tenth of the diameter of the main cooling roller; the secondary cooling means comprise at least one secondary cooling roller movable in rotation about its axis and disposed substantially parallel to the support rollers; and the installation comprises supply means with a heat transfer fluid, common to the main cooling roller and to the secondary cooling means.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cooling installation according to the invention ;
- Figures 2 and 3 are views similar to Figure 1, illustrating two variants of the installation according to the invention.
- the installation 1 shown in FIG. 1 is intended to cool a steel strip 2, moving in the direction indicated by the arrows 4. This installation is for example used during treatments for coating the strip, in particular under vacuum.
- This installation includes:
- a main cooling roller 10 of axis XX and arranged opposite the deflector cylinders 8A and 8B so that the latter guide the strip 2 of adequately, respectively at the inlet and outlet of the roller 10;
- a secondary cooling roller 16 of axis X '-X' parallel to the axis ZZ of the rollers 14, disposed in contact with these rollers 14 on the side opposite to that of the roller 10, the same plane P forming median planes for rollers 10 and 16.
- the main cooling roller 10 and the secondary cooling roller 16 are able to evacuate calories from their outside face towards the inside of the rollers when a hot body is applied to them.
- the rollers 10 and 16 comprise, in a known manner, a double envelope making it possible to circulate, on the internal periphery of these rollers, a cooling fluid, such as cold water.
- a cooling fluid such as cold water.
- Other types of contact cooling roller known to those skilled in the art, can be envisaged.
- the support roller 14 for its part formed of a cylindrical monobloc piece of axis ZZ or of a stack of coaxial cylinders of small thickness, dependent or not.
- the roller 14 is made of an elastically deformable material, in particular an elastomer.
- the expression “elastically deformable material” is to be considered as generally designating a material whose elastic modulus (or Young's modulus) is clearly lower than that of the material forming the strip 2, for reasons developed further.
- a suitable elastomer there may be mentioned a vulcanized silicone.
- the material constituting the support roller 14 also has preferred conductivity and thermal capacity properties, namely that it must not be totally or almost totally resistant to the conduction of heat, as could for example be a ceramic material, but also does not necessarily have to provide significant conduction like a common metal alloy. It must also be able to store within it the thermal energy drawn from the strip.
- the elastomer of which the support roller 14 is made has, for example, a coefficient of thermal conductivity less than about 1 W / mK (watt per meter and per Kelvin) and a high heat capacity, for example of the order of 1000 J /kg.K (joule per kilogram and per Kelvin).
- the diameter of the roller 14 is preferably between a quarter and a tenth of the diameter of the roller 10. In addition, the length of this roller 14 is at least slightly greater than the width of the strip 2.
- the strip 2 is, at the outlet of the cylinder 8A, applied to the main cooling roller 10, around which the strip forms the largest possible arc, for example of about 240 °, the lower surface of which is in contact with the external face. of the cylinder 10.
- the arc formed by the strip 2 is, preferably in its zone of start of winding, maintained in pressed contact on this roller by the support rollers 14.
- the relative position of the roller 14 with respect to the external surface of the roller 10 is either pre-adjusted, in particular as a function of the thickness of the strip 2, or is controlled by elastically deformable support means so that the upper surface of strip 2 is subjected to sufficient contact pressure to flatten the strip along its width and to promote heat transfer from the strip to the cooling roller 10 by increasing the contact surface between the lower surface of this strip and the outer face of this roller.
- the low rigidity of the material forming the support rollers limits the risks of marking the upper surface of the strip, even in the case where there is a lack of parallelism between the axes Z-Z and X-X.
- the strip 2 then has good transverse flatness.
- the material forming the support rollers 14 being thermo-capacitive, part of the heat of the strip is transferred from the strip to the support roller, thus ensuring additional cooling of the strip.
- the scrolling of the strip 2 drives the support roller 14 in rotation about its axis, this roller 14 itself driving the secondary cooling roller 16.
- the contact area that the support roller 14 maintains with the roller 16 allows the transfer of heat from the peripheral part of the roller 14 to the interior of the roller 16.
- the material forming the support rollers is highly thermo-capacitive, the heat transferred from the strip to the support roller 14 is stored at the periphery of the roller 14 before being in turn transferred to the cooling rollers 16.
- the elasticity of the material forming the support roller 14 ensures, even in the event of a lack of parallelism between the axes ZZ and X '-X', the formation of a large contact surface between the roller 14 and the outer face of the roller 16, and therefore a good heat transfer.
- the strip 2 is wound around the deflector cylinder 8B and leaves the installation 1.
- the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to cool the strip 2 in a controlled manner, without damaging or marking its surfaces.
- the cooling obtained is both homogeneous, thereby ensuring the homogeneity of the qualities of the cooled strip, and rapid, which makes it possible to reduce the duration of cooling and thus the length of the corresponding zone.
- FIG. 2 is shown a variant of the installation 1 which differs from that of Figure 1 by, on the one hand, the establishment, between the main cooling roller 10 and the secondary cooling roller 16, of two support rollers 14 instead of one, and, on the other hand, the replacement of the outlet deflector cylinder 8B with a second main cooling cylinder 12, for example similar to roller 10.
- the operation of this installation is substantially similar to that of FIG. 1. Examples of implementations of methods according to the prior art and according to the invention with the installation 1 of FIG. 2 are detailed below. In the two tables below are summarized the operating parameters of this installation:
- Rollers of cooling scrolling arc cooling rollers of the straightening formed by
- Tests 1 and 2 are carried out without any support roller, while tests 3 and 4 are carried out with the two support rollers 14 made of elastomer as shown in FIG. 2.
- These results reflect the fact that the support rollers 14 make good flatness transverse to the strip 2, allowing significant and uniform cooling over the width of the strip.
- Temperature measurements by infrared thermography also confirm that the temperature cooling is very homogeneous.
- the surface layer of material of the rollers 14 can reach, for a fairly short time, of the order of the duration of the contact, the temperature of the strip 2 with which these rollers are in contact. This is especially the case when the tape running speed is low, for example of the order of 20 m / min for the example of implementation detailed in Tables 1 and 2 above.
- the elastomer when the speed of movement of the strip increases, the duration of contact of the elastomer on the strip is not sufficient for the heat exchange to be complete, the temperature of elastomer then remaining lower than that of the strip.
- the elastomer locally reaches a maximum of the order of 100 ° C., which corresponds to a current operating temperature for most of the vulcanized elastomers.
- FIG. 3 represents a main cooling roller 10 associated with five support rollers 14 and four secondary cooling rollers 16.
- support roller or rollers 14 may comprise a multilayer structure, only the and / or the outer layers having to have the characteristics of flexibility and thermal capacity detailed above to carry out the invention.
- cooling roller 16 can be replaced by other secondary cooling means, such as gas jet quenching systems, as long as these means form, with part of the external face of the support rollers, a sufficient area d heat dissipation.
- secondary cooling means such as gas jet quenching systems
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006516279A JP4676432B2 (ja) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-06-09 | 移動する金属ストリップを冷却するための方法およびプラント |
BRPI0411380-2A BRPI0411380B1 (pt) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-06-09 | Processo e instalação de resfriamento de uma tira metálica em movimento |
CA2528688A CA2528688C (fr) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-06-09 | Procede et installation de refroidissement d'une bande metallique en defilement |
US10/560,175 US7527701B2 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-06-09 | Method and plant for cooling a moving metal strip |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03291389A EP1486573B1 (fr) | 2003-06-11 | 2003-06-11 | Procédé et installation de refroidissement d'une bande métallique en défilement |
EP03291389.9 | 2003-06-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004111280A2 true WO2004111280A2 (fr) | 2004-12-23 |
WO2004111280A3 WO2004111280A3 (fr) | 2005-02-17 |
Family
ID=33185988
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2004/001441 WO2004111280A2 (fr) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-06-09 | Procede et installation de refroidissement d'une bande metallique en defilement |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7527701B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1486573B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4676432B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100424194C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE312948T1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0411380B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2528688C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60302777T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2253645T3 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2336338C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004111280A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2143504A1 (fr) * | 2008-07-07 | 2010-01-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé de refroidissement d'un feuillard à chaud débobiné dans une bobine de feuillard à chaud, un dispositif destiné à refroidir une bobine de feuillard à chaud, un dispositif de commande et/ou de réglage et bande de métal |
JP2011042814A (ja) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-03-03 | Chugai Ro Co Ltd | 金属ストリップの冷却装置及び冷却方法 |
DE102012020622A1 (de) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | Maschinenfabrik Niehoff Gmbh & Co Kg | Vorrichtung zur Wärmeübertragung bei der Herstellung von langgestrecktem Stranggut |
CN103358599A (zh) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-10-23 | 常熟市沪虞港口机械有限公司 | 纸箱机械用瓦楞辊结构 |
CN109746271B (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-04-10 | 中南大学 | 一种高性能铜箔的深冷叠轧制备方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0418166A1 (fr) * | 1989-09-14 | 1991-03-20 | Sollac | Dispositif de refroidissement par contact de rouleaux pour la trempe en continu d'une bande d'acier préchauffée |
US6056913A (en) * | 1997-09-22 | 2000-05-02 | Ebner; Peter | Plant for the continuous heat treatment of steel strips or the like |
JP2001323325A (ja) * | 2000-05-11 | 2001-11-22 | Nippon Steel Corp | 金属帯板の冷却装置および冷却方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5743939A (en) * | 1980-08-29 | 1982-03-12 | Nippon Steel Corp | Structure for turning and conveying strip in continuously annealing furnace |
JPS60255933A (ja) * | 1984-05-30 | 1985-12-17 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 金属帯冷却装置 |
JPS61243127A (ja) * | 1985-04-18 | 1986-10-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | 金属ストリツプの冷却方法 |
JPH0830221B2 (ja) * | 1988-06-30 | 1996-03-27 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | 金属ストリップの連続熱処理方法 |
JPH03170619A (ja) * | 1989-11-30 | 1991-07-24 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 連続焼鈍炉のロール冷却装置 |
US5182074A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1993-01-26 | Nkk Corporation | Apparatus for continuously cooling metal strip |
JPH079044B2 (ja) * | 1990-08-28 | 1995-02-01 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 連続焼鈍炉におけるストリップ冷却装置 |
-
2003
- 2003-06-11 EP EP03291389A patent/EP1486573B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-11 AT AT03291389T patent/ATE312948T1/de active
- 2003-06-11 ES ES03291389T patent/ES2253645T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-11 DE DE60302777T patent/DE60302777T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-06-09 RU RU2006100290/02A patent/RU2336338C2/ru active
- 2004-06-09 JP JP2006516279A patent/JP4676432B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-09 WO PCT/FR2004/001441 patent/WO2004111280A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-06-09 BR BRPI0411380-2A patent/BRPI0411380B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2004-06-09 CN CNB2004800159915A patent/CN100424194C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-09 US US10/560,175 patent/US7527701B2/en active Active
- 2004-06-09 CA CA2528688A patent/CA2528688C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0418166A1 (fr) * | 1989-09-14 | 1991-03-20 | Sollac | Dispositif de refroidissement par contact de rouleaux pour la trempe en continu d'une bande d'acier préchauffée |
US6056913A (en) * | 1997-09-22 | 2000-05-02 | Ebner; Peter | Plant for the continuous heat treatment of steel strips or the like |
JP2001323325A (ja) * | 2000-05-11 | 2001-11-22 | Nippon Steel Corp | 金属帯板の冷却装置および冷却方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 006, no. 118 (C-111), 2 juillet 1982 (1982-07-02) -& JP 57 043939 A (NIPPON STEEL CORP), 12 mars 1982 (1982-03-12) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 010, no. 131 (C-346), 15 mai 1986 (1986-05-15) -& JP 60 255933 A (NITSUSHIN SEIKOU KK), 17 décembre 1985 (1985-12-17) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 137 (C-0702), 15 mars 1990 (1990-03-15) -& JP 02 011729 A (KAWASAKI STEEL CORP), 16 janvier 1990 (1990-01-16) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 351 (C-0968), 29 juillet 1992 (1992-07-29) -& JP 04 107221 A (NKK CORP), 8 avril 1992 (1992-04-08) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2002, no. 03, 3 avril 2002 (2002-04-03) -& JP 2001 323325 A (NIPPON STEEL CORP), 22 novembre 2001 (2001-11-22) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2006100290A (ru) | 2006-06-10 |
US20060254682A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
BRPI0411380B1 (pt) | 2014-08-12 |
JP2006527307A (ja) | 2006-11-30 |
WO2004111280A3 (fr) | 2005-02-17 |
ATE312948T1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
JP4676432B2 (ja) | 2011-04-27 |
CN1802444A (zh) | 2006-07-12 |
RU2336338C2 (ru) | 2008-10-20 |
CA2528688C (fr) | 2012-03-06 |
BRPI0411380A (pt) | 2006-08-01 |
US7527701B2 (en) | 2009-05-05 |
EP1486573A1 (fr) | 2004-12-15 |
EP1486573B1 (fr) | 2005-12-14 |
CN100424194C (zh) | 2008-10-08 |
DE60302777T2 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
DE60302777D1 (de) | 2006-01-19 |
ES2253645T3 (es) | 2006-06-01 |
CA2528688A1 (fr) | 2004-12-23 |
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