WO2004104653A1 - 光学素子、集光バックライトシステムおよび液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
光学素子、集光バックライトシステムおよび液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004104653A1 WO2004104653A1 PCT/JP2004/005386 JP2004005386W WO2004104653A1 WO 2004104653 A1 WO2004104653 A1 WO 2004104653A1 JP 2004005386 W JP2004005386 W JP 2004005386W WO 2004104653 A1 WO2004104653 A1 WO 2004104653A1
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- reflective polarizer
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- liquid crystal
- polarizer
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/288—Filters employing polarising elements, e.g. Lyot or Solc filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133541—Circular polarisers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical element using a circular polarization type reflective polarizer.
- the present invention relates to a condensing pack light system using the optical element, and a liquid crystal display device using the same.
- the light emitted from the light source is efficiently incident on the liquid crystal display device or the like by using a surface shape such as a prism sheet or a lens array sheet.
- a technique of condensing the emitted light in the front direction by a light condensing element or the like to improve the luminance is used.
- the reflective polarizer referred to here has a function of separating the incident light component of natural light into transmitted polarized light and reflected polarized light depending on the polarization state.
- a retardation plate controlled so that the phase difference value in the normal incidence direction and the phase difference value in the oblique incidence direction is specifically different is inserted between the polarizers, the angle distribution of the transmitted light is restricted and the absorption type It is described that if a polarizer is used, light is transmitted only in the vicinity of the front and all peripheral light is absorbed (for example, Japanese Patent No. 2561484, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-3210). No. 25). If a reflective polarizer is used as the polarizer, light rays are transmitted only in the vicinity of the front, and all peripheral light rays are reflected. Using such a theory, the light emitted from the pack light can be condensed and collimated without absorption loss.
- the thin film layer that generates parallel light has a level of several tens to several hundreds ⁇ even if the reflective polarizer is included, and is extremely different from prism arrays and lens array sheets. It is easy to design for thinning. In addition, since it does not require an air interface, it can be used by laminating, which is advantageous in terms of handling.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer (about 10 m thick) is used as the reflective polarizer, and the retarder to be combined is also a liquid crystal polymer coated thin film (approximately thick, using an adhesive layer (thickness)).
- the thickness By laminating at about 5 / im), it is possible to reduce the thickness to a total of 50 ⁇ m or less. If each layer is directly coated and manufactured so that there is no interface, it is possible to further reduce the thickness.
- Natural light emitted from the light source is separated into transmitted polarized light and reflected polarized light by the first reflective polarizer.
- the transmitted polarized light has almost zero front phase difference (normal direction), and has a phase difference of ⁇ 8 or more with respect to incident light incident at an angle of 30 ° or more with respect to the normal direction.
- Due to the layer (hereinafter also referred to as C-plate) light having an angle near the normal direction of the transmitted polarized light is transmitted as it is because it is polarized light transmitted by the second reflective polarizer.
- the polarization state changes due to the phase difference, and the polarization component reflected by the second reflective polarizer increases and is reflected.
- the phase difference is about / 2, it is effectively reflected.
- the reflected polarized light receives the phase difference again, changes its polarization state, and becomes polarized light transmitted through the first reflective polarizer.
- the reflected polarized light is transmitted through the first reflected polarizer and returned to the light source unit.
- the light reflected by the first reflective polarizer and the light reflected by the second reflective polarizer are depolarized by a diffuse reflector provided below the light source and the light beam direction is bent. A part of the returned light repeats reflection until it becomes polarized light that passes through the reflective polarizer near the normal direction, contributing to the improvement of brightness.
- the C-plate When the C-plate is a retardation layer that converts incident light incident at an angle of 30 ° with respect to the normal direction to reverse circularly polarized light, it substantially transmits in the range of ⁇ 15 to 20 °.
- the rays concentrate. However, only the light incident at a certain angle receives the phase difference of ⁇ Z 2. Above or below this angle, circular polarization is not completely opposite to the incident light. For this reason, when the light is condensed to this extent, the light incident at 50 ° or more with respect to the normal direction receives a phase difference of L ⁇ ⁇ 2 or more. Instead, the light becomes partially circularly polarized light and a part is transmitted without being reflected.
- the amount of light incident at a large angle with respect to the normal direction increases, and the front luminance decreases significantly.
- the coloring When the viewing angle was greatly lowered in the normal direction, the coloring increased.
- the incident light is designed to be condensed and collimated at an angle within 30 ° with respect to the normal direction
- light incident at an angle of 50 ° or more with respect to the normal direction will be Most are transmitted without being reflected.
- the light reuse rate decreases, the luminance in the normal direction decreases, and the transmitted light causes coloring when the viewing angle is greatly lowered with respect to the normal direction.
- the present invention is an optical element capable of converging and collimating incident light from a light source by arranging a layer having a specific phase difference between circularly polarizing reflective polarizers, and having a large angle with respect to the normal direction. It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical element that can suppress the transmission of the light incident thereon and improve front luminance and reduce coloring.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a light-collecting pack light system using the optical element, and further to provide a liquid crystal display device.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found the following optical element and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- the front phase difference (normal direction) is substantially zero between at least one of the layers of the circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) and the circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a), and is 30 ° with respect to the normal direction.
- the front phase difference (normal direction) is substantially zero between at least one of the layers of the other circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) and the circularly polarized light reflective polarizer (a).
- An optical element characterized in that a layer (b 2) having a phase difference of L 2 or less is arranged for incident light incident at an angle of 0 °.
- Circularly-polarized reflective polarizer (a) Retardation layer (b1) Circularly-polarized reflective polarizer (a) Retardation layer (b2) / Circularly-polarized reflective polarizer (a) laminated in this order 2.
- Circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) No phase difference layer (bl) / Circularly polarized light reflective polarizer (a) Z retardation layer (b2) Circularly polarized light reflective polarization Children (a) are stacked,
- the incident light incident at an angle of 30 ° or more with respect to the normal direction is polarized and separated from the light source by the first circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a), and then the first circularly polarized light from the light source side )
- the sum of the phase differences received by the reflective polarizer (a;), the retardation layer (b1) and the second circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) until it is polarized is: ! ! ⁇ 3 ⁇ / 4 + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (where ⁇ is an integer greater than or equal to 0), and
- the incident light incident at an angle of 60 ° with respect to the normal direction is polarized and separated by the first circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) from the light source, and then the first circularly polarized light from the light source side -Type reflective polarizer (a), retardation layer (b1), second circularly-polarized reflective polarizer (a;), retardation layer
- Circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) Phase difference layer (b2) Circularly polarized light reflective polarizer (a) No phase difference layer (b1) / circularly polarized light reflective polarizer Children (a) are stacked,
- the incident light incident at an angle of 60 ° with respect to the normal direction is polarized and separated by the first circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) from the light source, and then the first circularly polarized light from the light source side
- the sum of the phase differences received by the polarizer (a), the retardation layer (b2) and the second circular polarizer (a) before being polarized and separated is given by ⁇ 3 4 + e.
- n is an integer of 0 or more
- the first circularly polarized light reflected from the light source After being polarized and separated by the polarizer (a), the first circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a :), retardation layer (b2), and the second circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) from the light source side
- the sum of the phase differences received by the phase difference layer (b1) and the third circularly polarized light polarizer (a) before being separated by polarization is 4 + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ !
- An inorganic layered compound having a negative uniaxial property having a negative uniaxial property, the orientation of which is fixed so that the optical axis is in the normal direction of the surface;
- optical element according to any one of 1 to 6, wherein the optical element is at least one selected from the group consisting of:
- the circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) placed on the viewing side (liquid crystal cell side) is equipped with an L / 4 plate so that the transmitted light from the light source side becomes linearly polarized light.
- the optical element according to any one of 1 to 7 above.
- 9. The polarizing plate according to the above item 8, wherein the polarizing plate is arranged on the ⁇ 4 plate side so that the axial direction of the linearly polarized light obtained by transmission from the light source side and the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate are aligned.
- Optical element Optical element.
- each layer is laminated using a translucent adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive.
- a light-collecting pack light system wherein at least a light source is arranged on the optical element described in any one of 1 to 10 above.
- a liquid crystal display device comprising at least a liquid crystal cell arranged in the condensing pack light system described in 11 above.
- the optical element of the present invention has at least three laminated circularly polarized reflective polarizers (a) in which the wavelength bands of polarized light selective reflection overlap with each other, and a frontal position between them.
- a phase difference layer (bl) and a phase difference layer (b 2) having a phase difference of substantially zero and exhibiting a specific phase difference value with respect to obliquely incident light at various angles are arranged.
- a part of light obliquely transmitted through the incident-side circularly-polarized reflective polarizer (a) at various angles is totally reflected by the outgoing-side circularly-polarized reflective polarizer (a). Becomes possible.
- a liquid crystal display device in which the optical element is arranged on a pack-light light source that is condensed and collimated can use light rays only in a high display quality region near the front.
- the optical element of the present invention is a parallel light conversion system that is easy to design for thinning.
- the optical element of the present invention can be used by being bonded, which is advantageous also on a handling surface. It is possible to construct a viewing angle expansion system by combining a condensing pack light source using these optical elements with a diffuser that does not generate depolarization with little backscattering.
- a condensing pack light system using the optical element obtained in this way is thus, a light source having higher parallelism can be easily obtained.
- parallel light can be obtained by reflected polarized light that has essentially no absorption loss, the reflected non-parallel light component returns to the packed light side, and the parallel light in it is reflected by scattered reflection. Recycling, in which only the components are extracted, is repeated, resulting in substantially higher transmittance and higher light utilization efficiency
- FIG. 1 is an example of a cross-sectional view of the optical element of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a cross-sectional view of the optical element of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an example of a cross-sectional view of the optical element of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the refractive index of a circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (cholesteric liquid crystal layer).
- Figure 8 is a graph showing the pitch change of a circularly polarized reflective polarizer (cholesteric liquid crystal layer).
- FIG. 9 is a graph for converting a phase difference with respect to an incident angle of a circular polarization type reflective polarizer (a cholesteric liquid crystal layer).
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing luminance viewing angle characteristics of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing chromaticity diagrams of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing luminance viewing angle characteristics of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing chromaticity diagrams of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 14 is a graph illustrating luminance viewing angle characteristics of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing chromaticity diagrams of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing luminance viewing angle characteristics of Example 3 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 17 is a rough diagram showing chromaticity diagrams of Example 3 and Comparative Example 1.
- a is a circularly polarized reflective polarizer
- bl and b2 are retardation layers
- B is a four-wavelength plate
- C is a polarizing plate
- D is a pack light.
- Figure 1 shows that three layers of circularly polarized reflective polarizers (a) are stacked, and that the frontal phase difference is between each circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a).
- the layer (b 1) having a phase difference of 8 or more and the front phase difference (normal direction) ) Is substantially zero, and the layers (b 2) having a phase difference of 0 to // 2 or less for incident light incident at an angle of 60 ° with respect to the normal direction are disposed on the optical element (A FIG.
- the side of the circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) on either side may be the light source side.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show examples in which an L / 4 plate (B) is arranged on the optical element (A) so that the transmitted light from the light source side becomes linearly polarized light.
- ⁇ 4 plate ( ⁇ ) is on the viewing side
- phase difference layer (b 1) and the phase difference layer (b 2) are interchanged. In each case, the phase difference layer (bl) and the phase difference layer (b 2) are used. Is preferably controlled within a predetermined range.
- the number of the circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) is not particularly limited as long as it is three or more. Similarly, even in the case of four or more sheets, the dropout in the oblique direction can be reduced.
- the circularly-polarizing reflective polarizer (a) is preferably composed of three to five layers. Good to stop.
- the circular polarization type reflective polarizer (a) for example, a cholesteric liquid crystal material is used. It is desirable to achieve total reflection of light with a wavelength near 550 nm, which has high visibility from the viewpoint of improving brightness, and at least 550 nm ⁇ 10 nm It is desirable that the selective reflection wavelengths of the reflective polarizers overlap in the above wavelength range.
- the selective reflection wavelength it is preferable that the overlapping wavelength region is wider because the wavelength shifts.
- the reflection wavelength bands overlap in the entire visible light wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm from the viewpoint of coloring and the viewpoint of supporting RGB in a liquid crystal display device or the like.
- the reflective polarizers may be in exactly the same combination, or one may have reflection at all wavelengths of visible light and the other may partially reflect.
- the circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) is a cholesteric material
- the same concept is applied to the combination of different types (right twist and left twist) when the front phase difference is inclined at ⁇ / 2, and the phase difference becomes zero or ⁇ . If this is the case, a similar polarizer can be obtained, but it is not preferable because problems such as anisotropy and coloring due to the azimuth of the inclined axis occur. From such a viewpoint, a combination of the same types (right twists, left twists) is preferable.
- any suitable cholesteric liquid crystal may be used as the cholesteric liquid crystal constituting the circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a), and is not particularly limited.
- the liquid crystal properties may be either lyotropic or thermopick, but from the viewpoint of easy control and easy formation of a monodomain, it is desirable that the liquid crystal be thermopick.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer can be formed by a method according to a conventional alignment treatment.
- a support substrate such as triacetyl cellulose or amorphous polyolefin, which has the smallest possible birefringence retardation.
- the liquid crystal polymer is spread on an alignment film that is rubbed with rayon cloth or the like after forming a film such as polyetherimide, or an oblique deposition layer of SiO, or an alignment film formed by stretching, etc.
- the liquid crystal polymer molecules are cooled to lower than the glass transition temperature in a state where the liquid crystal polymer molecules are in a Blanar alignment state to be in a glassy state, and the solid state in which the alignment is fixed is obtained.
- a method of forming an oxide layer For example, a method of forming an oxide layer.
- the liquid crystal polymer film is formed, for example, by spin-coating, roll-coating, flow-coating, printing, dip-coating, casting film-forming, per-coating, and gravure printing using a solution of the liquid crystal polymer in a solvent. It can be carried out by a method such as developing a thin layer by using a method such as drying it as needed.
- the solvent for example, methylene chloride, cyclohexanone, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethane, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran and the like can be appropriately selected and used. .
- a method in which a heated melt of a liquid crystal polymer, preferably a heated melt in a state exhibiting an isotropic phase, is developed according to the above, and if necessary, further developed into a thinner layer and solidified while maintaining the melting temperature. can do.
- This method is a method that does not use a solvent, so that the liquid crystal polymer can be spread even by a method with good hygiene of the working environment.
- a method of superimposing a cholesteric liquid crystal layer via an alignment film can be adopted as needed for the purpose of thinning and the like.
- these optical layers can be peeled off from the support base material / alignment base material used at the time of film formation and transferred to another optical material for use.
- a combination of a linearly polarizing reflective polarizer and a ⁇ 4 plate can be used. One of these may be used, or two or more may be used. All may be a combination of a linear polarization type reflective polarizer and a ⁇ / 4 plate.
- linear polarization type reflection polarizer examples include a grid type polarizer, a multilayer thin film laminate of two or more layers made of two or more materials having a difference in refractive index, and a refractive index used in a beam splitter.
- a grid type polarizer a multilayer thin film laminate of two or more layers made of two or more materials having a difference in refractive index, and a refractive index used in a beam splitter.
- Two or more birefringent multilayer thin film laminates made of two or more materials with different vapor deposition multilayer thin films, two or more birefringent materials, and two or more resin laminates using two or more birefringent resins stretched And those that separate linearly polarized light by reflecting and transmitting it in the orthogonal axis direction.
- a material such as polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, or polycarbonate that generates a phase difference by stretching, such as polycarbonate, or a material such as polyethylene methacrylate.
- the resin is obtained by alternately uniaxially stretching a resin having a small amount of phase difference, such as an acrylic resin represented by a resin and a norpolene resin represented by a Jarton manufactured by JSR Corporation. Can be used.
- a which is a combination of a linearly polarized reflective polarizer and four plates
- linear polarized light is used for the intermediate layer (for example, when three layers are stacked, the second from the pack light side)
- ⁇ 4 plates are placed on both sides of the reflective polarizer. If it is used as the lowermost layer (for example, the first sheet from the pack light side when three layers are stacked), the linearly polarizing reflective polarizer is arranged from the pack side, and then four plates.
- a / 4 plate and then a linear polarization type reflective polarizer are arranged in this order from the pack light side.
- a linearly polarized reflective polarizer and a circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) combining an I / 4 plate are used for the uppermost layer, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. element
- the retardation layer (b1) and the retardation layer (b2) disposed between the circularly polarizing reflective polarizers (a) have almost zero phase difference in the front direction.
- the front phase difference is desirably 10 or less because the purpose is to maintain polarized light that is vertically incident.
- the retardation layer (b 1) has a phase difference of 8 or more with respect to incident light at an angle of 30 ° from the normal direction
- the retardation layer (b 2) On the other hand, it has a phase difference of / 2 or less with respect to the incident light which is incident at an angle of 60 °.
- the retardation layer (bl) and the retardation layer (b2) are ideally;
- the circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) the cholesteric liquid crystal layer itself has a phase difference.
- the polarization state of the transmitted light by the circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) is also changed by the C-plate-like birefringence of the reflective polarizer itself. Therefore, the phase difference of the normally-introduced C plate when measured at that angle is the value obtained by adding the phase difference between the circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) through which the incident light has passed and the C plate; It is preferable to make it about 12.
- the phase difference layer (b1) is used to detect the incident light at an angle of 30 ° from the normal direction.
- Those having a phase difference of 8 or more, and those having a retardation layer (b 2) having a phase difference of ⁇ / 2 or less with respect to incident light incident at an angle of 60 ° with respect to the normal direction are used. I have.
- the phase difference of the phase difference layer (b 1) and the phase difference layer (b 2) with respect to the obliquely incident light is appropriately adjusted according to the circular polarization type reflective polarizer (a).
- the incident light from the oblique direction of the retardation layer (b1) and the retardation layer (b2) is appropriately determined by the angle of total reflection so as to be efficiently polarized and converted.
- the total retardation of the retardation layer (b 2) should be about / 2.
- the circularly polarizing type reflection polarizer (a) is so designed that the incident light near the incident angle of 30 ° is totally reflected by the other circularly polarizing reflection polarizer (a).
- Control is performed so that the total phase difference between the polarizer (a) and the phase difference layer (bl) is about ⁇ / 2.
- Preferred embodiments of the optical element of the present invention are as follows, for example.
- a retardation layer (b 2) is arranged between the first and second circularly polarizing reflective polarizers (a) from the light source side. Then, for the incident light incident at an angle of 60 ° or more with respect to the normal direction, the first circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a), the retardation layer (b2), and the second ⁇ 4 + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ ⁇ 4 + ⁇ . ⁇ (where ⁇ is an integer greater than or equal to 0) adjust .
- a retardation layer (bl) is disposed between the second and third circularly polarizing reflective polarizers (a) from the light source side. Then, for the incident light inclined at an angle of 30 ° or more with respect to the normal direction, the first circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a), the retardation layer (b2), and the second
- the sum of the phase differences received by the circular polarizer (a), the retardation layer (b1) and the third circular polarizer (a) before being separated by polarization is 4 +- Adjust so that ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ / 4 + ⁇ - ⁇ (where ⁇ is an integer of 0 or more).
- the retardation layers (b 1) and (b 2) are combined with the circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) as described above.
- the retardation layer (b 2) by controlling the total phase difference of ⁇ / 4 + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ to 3 ⁇ / + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in the phase difference Incident light of about 80 ° can be well reflected. In particular, it can well reflect incident light of about 50 to 60 °.
- the retardation layer (b1) can efficiently reflect incident light having an incident angle of about 10 to 50 ° with respect to the normal direction. In particular, incident light of about 20 to 40 ° can be well reflected.
- the sum of the phase differences is ⁇ / 4 + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ / 4 + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , and further 3 ⁇ to 7 ⁇ , and 2 ⁇ / It is preferably 5 to 3 ⁇ / 5.
- the incident light is condensed and parallelized in the normal direction, and the transmission amount of the light incident at a large angle with respect to the normal direction is significantly reduced. it can.
- the front luminance and the degree of polarization are improved, and the coloring when the viewing angle is greatly tilted in the normal direction can be reduced.
- a retardation layer (b 2) is placed between the first circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) and the second circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) from the light source side.
- a retardation layer (b 1) is arranged between the second circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) and the third circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a). The same effect can be obtained by exchanging (b 1) and the retardation layer (b 2).
- the material of the phase difference layer (bl) and the phase difference layer (b 2) is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned optical characteristics.
- a fixed cholesteric liquid crystal having a reflection wavelength other than the visible light region (380 ⁇ ! ⁇ 780 nm) is fixed, and a rod-shaped liquid crystal is fixed in a homeotropic aperture.
- those utilizing columnar orientation and nematic orientation of discotic liquid crystals those in which negative uniaxial crystals are oriented in a plane, and biaxially oriented polymer films.
- amides obtained from the group consisting of amides, polyamides, polyesters, poly (ether ketones), poly (amides-imides) and poly (esters-imides) Film.
- These films are obtained by applying a solution obtained by dissolving the polymer in a solvent to a base material and then subjecting the solution to a drying step.
- the substrate is preferably formed using a substrate having a dimensional change rate of 1% or less in the drying process.
- liquid crystal in which the alignment direction of a nematic liquid crystal or discotic liquid crystal is fixed so as to be continuously changed in the thickness direction.
- a C-plate with a fixed cholesteric liquid crystal that has a selective reflection wavelength outside the visible light region (380 nm to 780 nm) is fixed as the selective reflection wavelength of the cholesteric liquid crystal. It is desirable that the visible light region has no coloring or the like. Therefore, the selective reflection light must not be in the visible region. Selective reflection is uniquely determined by the cholesteric chiral pitch and the refractive index of the liquid crystal. The value of the center wavelength of the selective reflection may be in the near-infrared region, but it may be in the ultraviolet below 350 ⁇ due to the effects of optical rotation, etc. More desirable.
- the formation of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is performed in the same manner as the formation of the cholesteric layer in the reflective polarizer described above.
- a C-plate with a fixed homeotropic alignment state uses a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin or a liquid crystal monomer that exhibits nematic liquid crystallinity at high temperature, and an alignment aid, if necessary, by irradiation with ionizing radiation such as an electron beam or ultraviolet light or heat.
- Polymerized liquid crystals that have been polymerized or a mixture thereof are used.
- the liquid crystal properties may be either lyotropic or thermopic, but from the viewpoint of easy control and easy formation of a monodomain, it is desirable that the liquid crystal be thermopic.
- the homeotropic alignment can be obtained by, for example, applying the birefringent material on a film on which a vertical alignment film (such as long-chain alkylsilane) is formed, and developing and fixing a liquid crystal state.
- a uniaxial negative axis such as a phthalocyanine compound or a phthalocyanine compound having a molecular spread over the surface. It is a discotic liquid crystal material that has properties and is fixed by developing a nematic phase and a columnar phase.
- the negative uniaxial inorganic layered compound is described in detail in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-277777.
- C-plates using biaxial orientation of polymer film are a method of biaxially stretching a polymer film having positive refractive index anisotropy, a method of pressing a thermoplastic resin, and a crystal in parallel orientation. It can be obtained by the method of cutting out from the.
- Each of the retardation layers (b) may be composed of one retardation plate, and two or more retardation plates can be laminated and used so as to obtain a desired retardation.
- the above-mentioned layers may be simply stacked, but it is preferable that the layers be stacked using an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive from the viewpoint of workability and light use efficiency.
- the adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive is transparent, has no absorption in the visible light region, and the refractive index is preferably as close as possible to the refractive index of each layer from the viewpoint of suppressing surface reflection.
- an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably used.
- a monodomain is separately formed in the form of an alignment film, and the layers are sequentially laminated by a method such as transfer to a translucent substrate, or an alignment film is provided for alignment without providing an adhesive layer or the like. It is also possible to form such layers as appropriate and to directly form each layer sequentially.
- Particles may be added to each layer and the (viscosity) adhesive layer to adjust the degree of diffusion, if necessary, to provide isotropic scattering, or to use an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, A surfactant or the like can be appropriately added for the purpose of imparting leveling properties.
- Condenser pack light system Condenser pack light system
- a diffuse reflection plate below the light guide plate as the light source (on the side opposite to the liquid crystal cell arrangement surface).
- the main component of the light reflected by the collimating film is an obliquely incident component, which is specularly reflected by the collimating film and returned to the backlight direction.
- specular reflectivity of the rear-side reflector is high, the reflection angle is preserved, and the light cannot be emitted in the front direction, resulting in loss light. Therefore, it is desirable to dispose a diffuse reflector in order to increase the diffuse reflection component in the front direction without preserving the reflection angle of the reflected return light beam.
- the diffusion plate can be obtained by embedding fine particles having different refractive indices in a resin in addition to a material having a surface irregularity. This spread The plate may be sandwiched between the optical element (parallel lightening film) and the backlight, or may be bonded to the parallel lightening film.
- Newton rings may occur in the gap between the film surface and the pack light.
- a diffusion plate having surface irregularities on the light guide plate side surface of the (parallel light-converting film)
- the generation of Newton rings can be suppressed.
- a layer having both a concave-convex structure and a light-diffusing structure may be formed on the surface of the optical element (parallel light-converting film) in the present invention.
- the optical element is suitably applied to a liquid crystal display device in which polarizing plates are arranged on both sides of a liquid crystal cell, and the optical element is applied to a polarizing plate side of a light source side of the liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display device in which polarizing plates are arranged on both sides of a liquid crystal cell
- the optical element is applied to a polarizing plate side of a light source side of the liquid crystal cell.
- FIG. 4 shows only the polarizing plate (C) on the side of the light source as the liquid crystal panel.
- the optical element (A) is laminated on the polarizing plate (C) via the fourth plate (B).
- the ⁇ / 4 plate ( ⁇ ) converts circularly polarized light emitted from the optical element ( ⁇ ) into linearly polarized light and enters the polarizing plate (C).
- the optical element of the present invention may be one in which four plates ( ⁇ ) and further a polarizing plate (C) are bonded in advance.
- the display angle can be expanded by diffusing light and obtaining uniform and favorable display characteristics within the entire viewing angle.
- a diffusion plate having substantially no back scattering is used.
- the diffusion plate can be provided as a diffusion adhesive.
- the placement location is on the viewing side of the liquid crystal display device, but it can be used either above or below the polarizing plate.
- a film that does not substantially eliminate polarized light is desirable.
- Such a fine particle dispersion type diffusion plate is suitably used.
- the viewing angle widening film When the viewing angle widening film is located outside the polarizing plate, the collimated light is transmitted from the liquid crystal layer to the polarizing plate. Therefore, in the case of a TN liquid crystal cell, it is not necessary to use a viewing angle compensating retardation plate. . In the case of an STN liquid crystal cell, it is only necessary to use a retardation film in which only the front characteristics are well compensated. In this case, since the viewing angle widening film has an air surface, it is possible to adopt a type using a refraction effect due to the surface shape.
- the black matrix for liquid crystal display devices or the conventional backlight collimating system Microlens array, Z prism array, louver, Z micromirror array, etc., interfere with microstructures and cause moiré.
- the regular structure is not visually recognized in the plane, and there is no regular modulation in the emitted light. Therefore, it is not necessary to consider the compatibility with the viewing angle expansion film and the arrangement order. Therefore, the viewing angle widening film has no particular limitation as long as it does not cause interference / moire with the pixel black matrix of the liquid crystal display device, and there are a wide range of options.
- the viewing angle widening film has substantially no backscattering and does not eliminate polarization, and is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-34067 and Japanese Patent Publication No.
- it can be used without forming interference / moire with the pixel black matrix of the liquid crystal display device. .
- liquid crystal display device various optical layers and the like are appropriately used according to an ordinary method. It is made.
- the ⁇ 4 plate an appropriate retardation plate according to the purpose of use is used.
- the L / 4 plate can control optical characteristics such as retardation by laminating two or more kinds of retardation plates.
- the retardation plate include polycarbonate, norbornene-based resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polypropylene and other polyolefins, polyarylate, and polyamide.
- Examples include a birefringent film obtained by stretching a film made of an appropriate polymer, an alignment film made of a liquid crystal material such as a liquid crystal polymer, and an alignment layer of a liquid crystal material supported by a film.
- the thickness of the ⁇ / 4 plate is usually preferably from 0.5 to 200 / ⁇ , particularly preferably from 1 to 100 ⁇ .
- a retardation plate that functions as a ⁇ 4 plate in a wide wavelength range such as the visible light region is, for example, a retardation layer that functions as a quarter plate for light-color light having a wavelength of 550 nm and another position. It can be obtained by a method of superimposing a retardation layer exhibiting retardation characteristics, for example, a retardation layer functioning as a two-layer plate. Therefore, the retardation plate disposed between the polarizing plate and the brightness enhancement film may be composed of one or more retardation layers.
- a polarizing plate having a protective film on one side or the other side of the polarizer is generally used.
- the polarizer is not particularly limited, and various types can be used.
- Polarizers include, for example, hydrophilic polymer films such as polyvinyl alcohol-based films, partially formalized poly-vinyl alcohol-based films, and ethylene / butyl acetate copolymer-based partially saponified films; Examples thereof include a uniaxially stretched film obtained by adsorbing a dichroic substance such as a dichroic dye, a dehydrated product of polyvinyl alcohol and a dehydrochlorinated product of polyvinyl chloride, and a polyene-based oriented film.
- a polarizer composed of a polyvinyl alcohol-based film and a dichroic substance such as iodine is preferred.
- the thickness of these polarizers is not particularly limited, but is generally about 5 to 80 ⁇ m.
- a uniaxially stretched polarizer obtained by dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol-based film with iodine is dyed, for example, by immersing the polybutyl alcohol in an aqueous solution of iodine, and reducing the original length by 3 to 7 times. It can be produced by stretching. Immerse in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide, which may contain boric acid, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, etc., if necessary You can also. If necessary, a polyvinyl alcohol-based film may be immersed in water and washed with water before dyeing.
- Stretching may be performed after dyeing with iodine, stretching while dyeing, or coloring with iodine after stretching.
- the film can be stretched in an aqueous solution of calcium borate / iodide or in a water bath.
- polyester polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate
- cellulosic polymers such as diacetyl cellulose triacetyl cellulose
- acrylic polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate
- polystyrene examples include styrene-based polymers such as acrylonitrile 'styrene copolymer (AS resin) and polycarbonate-based polymers.
- AS resin acrylonitrile 'styrene copolymer
- Polyamides such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefins having a cyclo- or norbornene structure, polyolefin-based polymers such as ethylene-propylene copolymers, vinyl chloride-based polymers, amide-based polymers such as nylon and aromatic polyamides, a.
- the transparent protective film can also be formed as a cured layer of a thermosetting resin such as an acrylic, urethane, acrylic urethane, epoxy, or silicone resin, or an ultraviolet curable resin.
- a thermosetting resin such as an acrylic, urethane, acrylic urethane, epoxy, or silicone resin, or an ultraviolet curable resin.
- a polymer film described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-334435 (W001 / 37007), for example, (A) substituted and / or unsubstituted A (B) side chain substituted and / or unsubstituted phenyl and
- the resin composition include a thermoplastic resin having a tolyl group.
- a film of a resin composition containing an alternating copolymer of isoptylene and N-methylmaleide and an acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer As the film, a film made of a mixed extruded product of a resin composition or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the protective film can be determined as appropriate, but is generally about l to 500 // m in view of workability such as strength and handleability and thinness. Particularly, l to 300 / im is preferable, and 5 to 200 ⁇ is more preferable.
- a protective film having a retardation value in the thickness direction of the film of from 190 nm to 1775 nm is preferably used.
- the thickness direction retardation value (R th) is more preferably _80 ⁇ ⁇ ! ⁇ + 60 nm, especially one 70 ⁇ ⁇ ! ⁇ + 45 nm is preferred.
- a cellulosic polymer such as triacetyl cellulose is preferable from the viewpoint of polarization characteristics and durability. Particularly, triacetyl cellulose film is preferable.
- a protective film is provided on both sides of the polarizer, a protective film made of the same polymer material may be used on the front and back sides, or a protective film made of a different polymer material may be used.
- the polarizer and the protective film are usually in close contact with each other via an aqueous pressure-sensitive adhesive or the like.
- the water-based adhesive include an isocyanate-based adhesive, a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive, a gelatin-based adhesive, a bull-based latex, an aqueous polyurethane, and an aqueous polyester.
- the surface of the transparent protective film on which the polarizer is not adhered may be subjected to a hard coat layer antireflection treatment, a treatment for preventing sticking, or a treatment for diffusion or antiglare.
- Hard coating is performed to prevent scratches on the polarizing plate surface.
- the hardness or hardness of an appropriate UV-curable resin such as an acrylic or silicone It can be formed by a method such as adding a cured film having excellent sliding properties to the surface of the transparent protective film.
- the anti-reflection treatment is performed for the purpose of preventing reflection of external light on the polarizing plate surface, and can be achieved by forming an anti-reflection film or the like according to the related art.
- the anti-stating treatment is performed to prevent adhesion to the adjacent layer.
- the anti-glare treatment is performed to prevent external light from being reflected on the surface of the polarizing plate and hindering the visibility of light transmitted through the polarizing plate.
- a fine uneven structure By applying a fine uneven structure to the surface of the transparent protective film by an appropriate method such as a sanding method, a roughening method using an embossing method, or a compounding method of transparent fine particles.
- an appropriate method such as a sanding method, a roughening method using an embossing method, or a compounding method of transparent fine particles.
- the fine particles to be included in the formation of the surface fine unevenness include silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, indium oxide, and oxidizing power having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 50 / xm.
- Transparent fine particles such as inorganic fine particles of antimony oxide and the like, which may be conductive, and organic fine particles of a crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymer or the like are used.
- the amount of the fine particles used is generally about 2 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the transparent resin forming the fine surface unevenness structure, and 5 to 25 parts by weight. Parts by weight are preferred.
- the anti-glare layer may also serve as a diffusion layer (such as a viewing angle expanding function) for diffusing light transmitted through the polarizing plate to increase the viewing angle and the like.
- the anti-reflection layer, anti-sticking layer, diffusion layer, anti-glare layer and the like can be provided on the transparent protective film itself, or separately provided as an optical layer separately from the transparent protective film. You can also.
- a retardation plate is laminated on a polarizing plate as a viewing angle compensation film and used as a wide viewing angle polarizing plate.
- the viewing angle compensation film is a film for widening the viewing angle so that the image can be seen relatively clearly even when the screen of the liquid crystal display device is viewed from a direction slightly perpendicular to the screen but rather obliquely.
- viewing angle compensating retardation films include birefringent films that are biaxially stretched or stretched in two orthogonal directions, or bidirectionally stretched films such as obliquely oriented films.
- obliquely oriented films for example, a heat shrink film is adhered to a polymer film and the polymer film is subjected to the action of the shrinkage force caused by heating. Examples include those obtained by stretching and / or shrinking the film, those obtained by obliquely aligning a liquid crystal polymer, and the like.
- the viewing angle compensation film can be appropriately combined for the purpose of preventing coloring or the like due to a change in viewing angle based on a phase difference due to a liquid crystal cell, expanding the viewing angle for good visibility, and the like.
- an optically anisotropic layer consisting of a liquid crystal polymer alignment layer, particularly a discotic liquid crystal polymer tilt alignment layer, is formed of a triacetyl cellulose film.
- a supported optical compensation retardation plate is preferably used.
- the optical layers to be laminated in practical use are not particularly limited.For example, one or two or more optical layers that may be used for forming a liquid crystal display device such as a reflector or a transflector are provided. Can be used.
- a reflective polarizing plate or a transflective polarizing plate obtained by laminating an elliptically polarizing plate or a circular polarizing plate, and further a reflecting plate or a transflective reflecting plate is exemplified.
- the reflective polarizing plate is provided with a reflective layer on the polarizing plate, and is used to form a liquid crystal display device or the like that reflects incident light from the viewing side (display side) to display.
- This has the advantage that the built-in light source such as a light source can be omitted, and the liquid crystal display device can be easily made thin.
- the reflective polarizing plate can be formed by an appropriate method such as a method in which a reflective layer made of metal or the like is provided on one surface of the polarizing plate via a transparent protective layer or the like as necessary.
- a specific example of a reflective polarizing plate is a protective film that has been subjected to a matte treatment, if necessary, on one surface of which a reflective layer is formed by attaching a foil-deposited film made of a reflective metal such as aluminum. can give. Further, there may be mentioned, for example, those in which fine particles are contained in the protective film to form a fine surface uneven structure, and a reflective layer having a fine uneven structure is provided thereon.
- the reflective layer having the above-mentioned fine uneven structure has an advantage of diffusing incident light by irregular reflection, preventing directivity and glare, and suppressing unevenness in brightness and darkness.
- the protective film containing fine particles also has an advantage that the incident light and the reflected light are diffused when passing through the protective film, thereby further suppressing uneven brightness.
- the reflective layer having a fine irregular structure reflecting the fine irregular structure on the surface of the protective film is formed by an appropriate method such as a vapor deposition method such as a vacuum deposition method, an ion plating method, or a sputtering method or a plating method. By attaching metal directly to the surface of the transparent protective layer Can be.
- the reflective plate can be used as a reflective sheet in which a reflective layer is provided on an appropriate film according to the transparent film. Since the reflective layer is usually made of metal, its use with its reflective surface covered with a protective film or a polarizing plate prevents the decrease in reflectance due to oxidation and, in addition, maintains the initial reflectance for a long time. It is more preferable to avoid separately providing a protective layer.
- the transflective polarizing plate can be obtained by forming a transflective reflective layer such as a half mirror that reflects and transmits light on the reflective layer in the above.
- a transflective polarizing plate is usually provided on the back side of a liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display device or the like When a liquid crystal display device or the like is used in a relatively bright atmosphere, an image is displayed by reflecting incident light from the viewing side (display side). In a relatively dark atmosphere, it is possible to form a liquid crystal display device or the like that displays an image by using a built-in light source such as a pack light built in the backside of a transflective polarizing plate.
- a transflective polarizing plate can save the energy of using a light source such as a package in a bright atmosphere, and can form a liquid crystal display device of a type that can be used with a built-in light source even in a relatively low atmosphere.
- the polarizing plate may be formed by laminating a polarizing plate and two or three or more optical layers as in the above-mentioned polarized light separating type polarizing plate. Therefore, a reflective elliptically polarizing plate or a semi-transmissive elliptically polarizing plate obtained by combining the above-mentioned reflective polarizing plate, semi-transmissive polarizing plate and retardation plate may be used.
- the above-mentioned elliptically polarizing plate and reflection type elliptically polarizing plate are obtained by laminating a polarizing plate or a reflection type polarizing plate and a retardation plate in an appropriate combination.
- Such an elliptically polarizing plate or the like can be formed by sequentially and separately laminating the (reflection type) polarizing plate and the retardation plate in the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device so as to form a combination.
- An optical film such as an elliptically polarizing plate has an advantage that it is excellent in quality stability and laminating workability, and can improve the production efficiency of a liquid crystal display device and the like.
- the optical element of the present invention may be provided with an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer.
- the adhesive layer can be used for attaching to a liquid crystal cell, and also used for laminating an optical layer.
- their optical axes are determined according to the desired retardation characteristics and the like. Can be set to an appropriate arrangement angle.
- the adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive there is no particular limitation on the adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive.
- a polymer having a base polymer such as a rubber-based polymer such as rubber can be appropriately selected and used.
- those having excellent optical transparency, exhibiting appropriate wettability, cohesiveness, and adhesive adhesive properties and having excellent weather resistance and heat resistance are preferably used.
- the adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive may contain a crosslinking agent according to the base polymer.
- Adhesives include, for example, natural and synthetic resins, especially tackifier resins, fillers, pigments, colorants, and antioxidants made of glass fibers, glass beads, metal powders, and other inorganic powders.
- An additive such as an agent may be contained.
- an adhesive layer containing fine particles and exhibiting light diffusing properties may be used.
- the adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive usually has a solid content concentration of 10 to 50% by dissolving or dispersing a base polymer or a composition thereof in a solvent. Used as an adhesive solution of about / 0 .
- a solvent an organic solvent such as toluene or ethyl acetate or a solvent depending on the kind of the adhesive such as water can be appropriately selected and used.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the adhesive layer may be provided on one side or both sides of a polarizing plate or an optical film as a superposed layer of different compositions or types.
- the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be appropriately determined according to the purpose of use, adhesive strength, and the like, and is generally from 1 to 500 ⁇ , preferably from 5 to 200 / zm, and particularly preferably from 10 to LOO ⁇ . im is preferred.
- a separator is temporarily attached to the exposed surface of the adhesive layer or the like for the purpose of preventing contamination or the like until it is put to practical use, and the separator is pressed. This can prevent the adhesive layer from coming into contact with the adhesive layer in a normal handling state.
- a suitable thin sheet such as a plastic film, rubber sheet, paper, cloth, non-woven fabric, net, foam sheet, metal foil, or a laminated body thereof may be used as the separator.
- an appropriate material similar to the conventional one such as one coated with an appropriate release agent such as a silicone-based, long mirror alkyl-based, fluorine-based, or molybdenum sulfide.
- UV-absorbing ability was obtained by a method such as a method of treating with a UV absorber such as a lylic acid ester compound, a benzophenol compound, a benzotriazole compound, a cyanoacrylate compound, or a nickel complex compound. It may be something.
- a UV absorber such as a lylic acid ester compound, a benzophenol compound, a benzotriazole compound, a cyanoacrylate compound, or a nickel complex compound. It may be something.
- the front phase difference is defined as the X-axis where the in-plane refractive index becomes the maximum, the Y-axis perpendicular to the X-axis and the Z-axis in the thickness direction of the film, and the refractive index in each axial direction is nx.
- Ny, and nz, the refractive indices ix, ny, and nz at 550 nm are measured by an automatic birefringence measurement device (Oji Scientific Instruments, automatic birefringence meter KO BRA 21 ADH). From the measured value and the thickness d (nm) of the retardation layer, the front retardation: (nX_ny) Xd was calculated.
- the phase difference when measured at an angle of 30 ° with respect to the normal direction can be measured by the automatic birefringence measuring device described above.
- the tilt phase difference is: (nx-ny) Xd when tilting.
- the above-mentioned automatic birefringence measuring device can measure an incident angle from 0 to 50 °.
- the phase difference value at an incident angle of 60 ° is a value calculated from the lighting. Note that the phase difference value at an incident angle of 60 ° concerning the circular polarization type reflection polarizer (a) was separately converted.
- the phase difference value at the incident angle of 30 ° was also obtained by the same method as that at the incident angle of 60 °.
- the reflection spectrum is measured with a spectrophotometer (Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd., instantaneous multi-photometry system MC PD-200), and the reflection has a reflectance half that of the maximum reflectance.
- the wavelength band was used.
- a broadband cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a reflection wavelength band of 400 to 800 nm was used as the circular polarization type reflective polarizer (a).
- the phase difference of the broadband cholesteric liquid crystal layer was measured.
- the phase difference was 100 II m when the incident light was measured at an angle of 30 ° with respect to the light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the phase difference of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer with a center wavelength of 370 nm was measured with a spectroscopic ellipsometer (M-220, manufactured by JASCO Corporation).
- M-220 spectroscopic ellipsometer
- the change in pitch interval of the broadband cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a reflection wavelength band of 400 to 800 nm was determined from the results of the cross-sectional TEM (see FIG. 8).
- the specified value of the refractive index at wavelength 550 nm is 1.061
- the specified value of the refractive index at wavelength 950 nm is 0.709
- the value of wavelength 950 nm is 950 nm.
- a photopolymerizable nematic liquid crystal monomer manufactured by BASF, LC224
- a chiral agent manufactured by BASF, LC756
- a photoinitiator manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Irgacure 907
- solvent toluene
- the temperature was once raised to the isotropic transition temperature of the liquid crystal monomer, and then gradually cooled to form a layer having a uniform alignment state.
- the obtained film was subjected to UV irradiation to fix the alignment state, thereby obtaining a retardation layer (b): a C-plate layer (negative).
- a C-plate layer negative
- the front phase difference was 2 nm
- the thickness direction phase difference was 220 nm with respect to light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the phase difference when the incident light was measured at an inclination of 30 ° was 35 nm.
- the phase difference when the incident light was measured at an angle of 60 ° was 75 nm.
- the C-plate layer was used as a retardation layer (b 2).
- the circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) was placed on the pack light side with the surface having the selective reflection band on the longer wavelength side facing down.
- the above-mentioned C plate was laminated via an adhesive having a thickness of 5 ⁇ .
- a circular polarization type reflective polarizer (a) was laminated via a 5 ⁇ m thick adhesive with the surface having a selective reflection band on the long wavelength side down.
- the four C plates were laminated via an adhesive having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- the four C-plate laminate had a phase difference of 140 nm when measured with the incident light inclined at 30 °. Further, the phase difference was 300 nm when the incident light was measured while being tilted by 60 °.
- the laminate of the four C-plate layers was used as a retardation layer (bl).
- a circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) is laminated with a surface having a selective reflection band on the long wavelength side down through an adhesive having a thickness of 5 m, and an optical element ( A) was obtained.
- the incident light incident at an angle of 60 ° with respect to the normal direction is polarized and separated by the first circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) from the light source, and then the first circularly polarized light from the light source side )
- ⁇ is the sum of the phase differences that are received by the polarizer (a;), the retardation layer (b2) and the second circular polarizer (a) before being polarized and separated.
- ⁇ is adjusted so that ⁇ 4 ⁇ 3 ⁇ ⁇ 4.
- the incident light incident at an angle of 30 ° with respect to the normal direction is polarized and separated by the first circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) from the light source, and then the first circularly polarized light from the light source side Reflective polarizer (a), retardation layer (b2), second circularly reflective polarizer (a), retardation layer
- the sum of the phase differences received before polarization separation by (b 1) and the third circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) is 375 nm, and should be ⁇ 4 to 3 ⁇ 4. It has been adjusted.
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration diagram of the first embodiment.
- the retardation layer (b 2) close to the pack light is a single-layer C plate
- the retardation layer (bl) is a four-layer laminate of C plates.
- the four plates are (B), the backlight-side polarizing plate is (C), and the pack light is (D).
- the same broadband cholesteric liquid crystal layer as in Example 1 was used as the circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a).
- the same C-plate layer as in Example 1 was used.
- the circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) was placed on the backlight side with the side with the selective reflection band on the long wavelength side facing down.
- a circular polarization type reflective polarizer (a) was laminated via a 5 m-thick adhesive with the surface having a selective reflection band on the long wavelength side down.
- the four C plates were laminated via an adhesive having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- the laminate of the four C-plate layers was used as a retardation layer (bl).
- a circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) is laminated via a 5 ⁇ m thick adhesive, with the surface with the selective reflection band on the longer wavelength side down, and an optical element. ( ⁇ ').
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration diagram of Comparative Example 1.
- the retardation layer (b) is a C-plate four-layer laminate.
- the ⁇ 4 plate is ( ⁇ )
- the pack light polarizing plate is (C)
- the pack light is (D).
- Comparative Example 2 A linear polarizer (3EF, DBEF) was used as the reflective polarizer (a '). Two prism sheets (3M, BEF) were placed on the light source side perpendicular to each other so that the prism surface was on the viewing side. Next, a linear polarization type reflective polarizer was placed on the prism sheet (viewing side). In addition, the direction of the axis of the linearly polarized light obtained by transmission and the direction of the transmission axis of the backlight-side polarizing plate (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation, SEG14425DU) of the liquid crystal display are aligned, and the light is condensed and parallelized. It is a light system.
- FIG. 6 shows a configuration diagram of Comparative Example 2. In FIG. 6, the prism sheet (p), the pack light side polarizing plate is (C), and the pack light is (D).
- the luminance viewing angle characteristic indicates the relationship between the luminance (cd / cm 2 ) and the angle when the viewing angle from the front (0 °) is depressed. From this, the luminance when viewed from an arbitrary angle can be determined.
- the chromaticity diagram shows the relationship of how colors are added when the viewing angle is changed, and from this, the colors when viewed from an arbitrary angle can be understood. The larger the moving distance of the point connected by the line, the more colored.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 show a comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a comparison of the luminance viewing angle characteristics, and it can be seen that Example 1 can suppress the transmission of light incident at a large angle with respect to the normal direction, as compared with Comparative Example 1. Further, the front luminance of Example 1 was higher than that of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 11 is a chromaticity diagram when the incident angle is sequentially increased from the normal direction. It can be seen that the moving distance of the point in Example 1 is shorter than that in Comparative Example 1. This point represents the color at each incident angle. The larger the coloring, and the more the color changes, the longer the moving distance of the point. From this, it can be seen that the coloring is reduced in Example 1 and the coloring is severe in Comparative Example 1.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 show a comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. Fig. 12 compares the luminance viewing angle characteristics.Comparative Example 2 shows that the amount of light transmitted at a large angle with respect to the normal direction is considerably larger than that of Example 1; Not.
- FIG. 13 is a chromaticity diagram when the incident angle is sequentially increased from the normal direction. It can be seen that the moving distance of the point becomes smaller. This point represents the color at each incident angle. The larger the coloring and the more the color changes, the greater the moving distance of the point. This indicates that the coloring is reduced.
- the thickness was 70 zm (circular polarization type reflective polarizer + adhesive + retardation layer thickness)
- Comparative Example 2 the thickness was several hundred / im or more. In addition, handling was poor because an air interface was required.
- the same broadband cholesteric liquid crystal layer as in Example 1 was used as the circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a).
- a photopolymerizable nematic liquid crystal monomer manufactured by BASF, LC224
- a chiral agent manufactured by BASF, LC756
- a photoinitiator manufactured by Chipa Specialty Chemicals, irgacure 907
- a solvent toluene adjusted so that the central wavelength of selective reflection is 350 nm.
- a coating solution is applied on a commercially available polyethylene terephthalate film using a wire par so as to have a thickness after drying. Then, the solvent was dried. Thereafter, the temperature was once raised to the isotropic transition temperature of the liquid crystal monomer, and then gradually cooled to form a layer having a uniform alignment state.
- the obtained film is irradiated with UV to fix the alignment state, and the retardation layer (b): C plate layer (negative Eve)
- the front phase difference was 2 nm and the thickness direction phase difference was 150 nm with respect to light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the phase difference when the incident light was measured at an inclination of 30 ° was 25 nm.
- the phase difference when the incident light was measured at an angle of 60 ° was 60 nm.
- the C-plate layer was used as a retardation layer (b2).
- the circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) was placed on the backlight side with the side with the selective reflection band on the long wavelength side facing down.
- the above-mentioned C plate was laminated via an adhesive having a thickness of 5 m.
- a circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) was laminated via a 5 m-thick adhesive, with the surface having the selective reflection band on the long wavelength side down.
- the four C plates were laminated via an adhesive having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- the four C-plate laminate had a phase difference of 100 nm when measured with the incident light inclined at 30 °.
- the phase difference when measuring the incident light at an angle of 60 ° was 240 nm.
- the laminate of the four C-plate layers was used as a retardation layer (bl).
- a circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) is laminated via a 5 ⁇ m thick adhesive, with the surface with the selective reflection band on the long wavelength side down, and an optical element is formed.
- (A) was obtained.
- the incident light incident at an angle of 60 ° with respect to the normal direction is polarized and separated by the first circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) from the light source, and then the first circularly polarized light from the light source side
- the sum of the phase differences that the polarization polarizer (a), the retardation layer, (b2) and the second circularly polarizing polarizer (a) undergo before polarization separation is 31 O nm Yes, and adjusted to be 4 to 3/4.
- the incident light incident at an angle of 30 ° with respect to the normal direction is polarized and separated by the first circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) from the light source, and then the first circularly polarized light from the light source side -Type reflective polarizer (a :), retardation layer (b2), second circularly-polarized reflective polarizer (a), retardation layer
- the sum of the phase differences received before polarization separation by (b 1) and the third circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) is 325 nm, and is adjusted to be / SA /. I have.
- a retardation plate ( ⁇ 4 plate) made of polycarbonate and having a front retardation of 130 nm was laminated with an adhesive having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- the transmission axis direction of the pack-light-side polarizing plate (Nitto Denko Corporation, SEG14425DU) of the liquid crystal display device was aligned, and a condensing and parallel light system was created.
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the second embodiment.
- the retardation layer (b 2) close to the pack light is a single C-plate, and the retardation layer (b 1) is a four-layer laminate of C plates.
- E / 4 plate is (B)
- pack light side polarizing plate is (C)
- pack light is (D).
- FIGS. 14 and 15 show a comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 14 is a comparison of the luminance viewing angle characteristics, and it can be seen that Example 2 can suppress the transmission amount of light incident at a large angle with respect to the normal direction, as compared with Comparative Example 1.
- the front luminance was also higher than that in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 15 is a chromaticity diagram when the incident angle is increased in order from the normal direction. It can be seen that the moving distance of the point in Example 2 is smaller than that in Comparative Example 1. This point represents the color at each incident angle. The larger the coloring, and the more the color changes, the longer the moving distance of the point. From this, it can be seen that coloring is reduced in Example 2 and coloring is severe in Comparative Example 1.
- the same broadband cholesteric liquid crystal layer as in Example 1 was used as the circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a).
- the same C-plate layer as in Example 1 was used.
- the third circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) from the pack light is a linearly polarized reflective polarizer (3M, DBEF) and a polycarbonate front phase difference of 130 °.
- a retardation plate (4 plates) with ⁇ m was laminated with an adhesive having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 The same circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) as in Example 1 was placed on the back light side with the surface having the selective reflection band on the long wavelength side facing down. On this, a C plate similar to that in Example 1 was laminated via an adhesive having a thickness of 5 m. This corresponds to the retardation layer (b2). On top of this, a circularly polarized reflective polarizer (a) similar to that of Example 1 was laminated via a 5 m-thick adhesive, with the surface having a selective reflection band on its long wavelength side facing down. . Further, the four C plates were laminated via an adhesive having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m. This corresponds to the phase difference layer (b1).
- a retardation plate (four plates) made of polycarbonate and having a front retardation of 130 nm was laminated with an adhesive having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- an optical element (A) was obtained by laminating a linear polarization type reflective polarizer (DBEF, manufactured by 3M) via an adhesive having a thickness of 5 m .
- DBEF linear polarization type reflective polarizer
- the incident light incident at an angle of 60 ° with respect to the normal direction is polarized and separated by the first circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) from the light source, and then the first circularly polarized light from the light source side
- the sum of the phase differences that the polarization polarizer (a), the retardation layer (b2), and the second circular polarizer (a) undergo before being polarized and separated is 325 nm. , ⁇ 4 to 3 ⁇ 4.
- the incident light incident at an angle of 30 ° with respect to the normal direction is polarized and separated from the light source by the first circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a), and then the first circularly polarized light from the light source side
- the sum of the phase differences received by the reflective polarizer (a), the retardation layer (b2), the second circular polarizer (a) and the retardation layer (bl) is 319 nm. , ⁇ 4 to 3; adjusted to be 14.
- the calculated phase difference was calculated by subtracting the phase difference received by the third circularly-polarizing reflective polarizer (a) before being separated by polarization from the result shown in Example 1. This is because a linear polarization type reflection polarizer does not receive a phase difference.
- the phase difference to be received by the third circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) before being polarized and separated is obtained by the following method. From Example 1, it can be seen that the light having a wavelength of 550 nm is reflected by the 32-36th layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer. Therefore, the third circularly polarizing reflective polarizer ( The phase difference received before polarization separation in a) is the phase difference received when passing through the 1st to 31st layers. According to Fig. 8, the sum of the pitch intervals of the first to third layers is 3.2 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the third embodiment; FIG. 4 shows a case where the L 4 plate (B) is not provided.
- the retardation layer (b 2) close to the pack light is a single-layer C plate, and the retardation layer (bl) is a four-layer laminate of C plates thereon.
- the pack light side polarizing plate is (C) and the pack light is (D).
- the third circularly polarizing reflective polarizer (a) from the pack light is obtained by laminating a retardation plate ( ⁇ 4 plate) and a linearly polarizing reflective polarizer in this order.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 show a comparison between Example 3 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 16 is a comparison of the luminance viewing angle characteristics, and it can be seen that Example 3 can suppress the transmission amount of light incident at a large angle with respect to the normal direction, as compared with Comparative Example 1.
- the front luminance was also higher than that in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 17 is a chromaticity diagram when the incident angle is sequentially increased from the normal direction. It can be seen that the moving distance of the point is smaller in the third embodiment than in the first comparative example. ⁇ This point represents the color at each incident angle. The larger the coloring, and the more the color changes, the longer the moving distance of the point. From this, it can be seen that coloring is reduced in Example 3 and coloring is severe in Comparative Example 1. Industrial applicability
- the optical element using the circularly-polarized reflective polarizer of the present invention is suitably used for a condensing pack light system and further for a liquid crystal display.
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Abstract
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US10/556,688 US7593079B2 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-04-15 | Optical device, light-condensing backlight system, and liquid crystal display |
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JP2003140444A JP4237544B2 (ja) | 2003-05-19 | 2003-05-19 | 光学素子、集光バックライトシステムおよび液晶表示装置 |
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