WO2004104648A1 - Einstellbares pinhole, insbesondere für ein laser-scanning-mikroskop - Google Patents
Einstellbares pinhole, insbesondere für ein laser-scanning-mikroskop Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004104648A1 WO2004104648A1 PCT/EP2004/005061 EP2004005061W WO2004104648A1 WO 2004104648 A1 WO2004104648 A1 WO 2004104648A1 EP 2004005061 W EP2004005061 W EP 2004005061W WO 2004104648 A1 WO2004104648 A1 WO 2004104648A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pinhole
- silicon
- scanning microscope
- light
- opening
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/005—Diaphragms
Definitions
- Adjustable pinhole especially for a laser scanning microscope
- the geometric parameters of the pinhole are decisive for the performance of a laser scanning microscope.
- the pinhole opening which is predominantly arranged in front of the photoreceiver, does not have to be circular, but can also have a square shape.
- elements are used that have adjustable straight physical edges, preferably for creating square openings. So that these edges are as sharp as possible and the opening thereby has a small expansion in the direction of the light flow, these elements are either chamfered on the edges of the opening or the elements are thin foils.
- the state of the art in manufacturing enables edges that result in pinholes with expansions in the direction of the light flow of well over 10 ⁇ m. With such pinholes, however, there is a risk of vignetting of the light if openings smaller than 10 ⁇ m are to be set.
- the aim of the invention is to realize an adjustable pinhole that enables openings from 3 ⁇ m in size in a field of 1x1 mm 2 with 0.3 ⁇ m tolerance. It is important to keep the physical extent of the opening sufficiently small in the direction of the light flow, e.g. B. smaller than 10 ⁇ m to avoid vignetting of the light passing through the opening.
- the proposed solution is to use two silicon diaphragms, each arranged in mirror image and displaceable relative to one another, with a square etching window for the pinhole in the laser scanning microscope.
- An advantage of the solution is that silicon has a cubic crystal structure and thus square openings are formed during photolithographic etching, the edges of which are atomically sharp.
- the flanks of the opening have an acute-angled etching angle of 54.7 °, so that pinholes with an opening of any size and any size in the direction of the light flow can be formed by the mirror-image arrangement of two silicon screens.
- a further advantage is that optically soft diaphragms are created with silicon as the diaphragm material in a certain visual spectral range of about 500 nm, because silicon in this spectral range has an increasing light transmission with increasing wavelength. As a result, diffraction phenomena at the diaphragm are avoided or reduced in this limited wavelength range around 500 nm. This leads to a reduction in light losses in the laser scanning microscope due to diffraction and to greater light intensities on the photoreceiver with small pinhole openings and thus to a higher sensitivity of the laser scanning microscope in this spectral range of the light.
- the disadvantage of silicon namely its increasing light transmission from the visual red area, can be remedied by a reflection or absorption coating on its surface.
- Image 1 Pinhole made of 2 silicon screens
- Windows with a size of 1x1 mm 2 are etched in silicon plates with the external dimensions of approx. 7x5x0.5mm 2 .
- the silicon screens are arranged in pairs so that the etched windows are mirror images of each other.
- the silicon screens are attached to the pinhole mechanism by gluing.
- a spacer plate is used to maintain the required distance between the top panel and pinhole mechanism.
- An anti-parallel movement of the two elements of the pinhole mechanism allows pinhole sizes to be set between 0 and 1mm. The direction of movement of the pinhole mechanism is antiparallel to the diagonals d of the etching window in the silicon plates.
- a protective coating on the Si diaphragms is intended to prevent light from passing through the diaphragm outside the opening, because silicon becomes increasingly transparent to long-wave light from a wavelength of around 500 nm.
- the silicon screens with an approximately 100nm thick chrome, gold, aluminum. or silver layer can be vaporized.
- all these layers have the disadvantage of high reflectivity, so that disturbing scattered light is produced in the laser scanning microscope by reflection.
- Black light-absorbing protective layers such as z. B. can be applied by special vapor deposition.
- the diaphragms with a small opening e.g. B.
- Elements 1 and 2 can be moved antiparallel in the X direction and carry the two
- Silicon screens at least one screen being mounted on a further element 3 which can be displaced perpendicular to the direction of displacement of elements 1 and 2.
- Element 3 is attached to two solid joints that have a high rigidity in
- the element 3 is displaced in the Y direction by means of two spindles driven by a motor, the motor being arranged on the element 2 in a rotationally secured and displaceable manner.
- the two spindles, which each engage a nut fastened to element 2 and 3, advantageously have different pitches, for example one
- the silicon screens are in a pre-adjusted position on the elements 1 and 3 of the
- Pinhole mechanism glued on (picture 2). Due to the y-direction between the elements 1 and 3-acting motor drive with differential thread spindles and due to the joint arrangement (e.g. solid-state parallel spring joints) the adjustment and at any time also the readjustment of the silicon diaphragms in the laser scanning microscope with a resolution of e.g. B. 0.1 microns possible.
- the resolution of 0.1 ⁇ m results from the difference in pitch of the threaded spindles of e.g. B. 50 ⁇ m, from the microstep operation of the stepper motor of 16 micro steps per full step and 20 full steps per motor revolution.
- elements 1 and 2 are adjusted antiparallel in the x direction and element 3 in the y direction under microscopic observation until a square pinhole of z. B. 10 x 10 ⁇ m 2 size arises.
- the pinhole opening is now square in a different size if elements 1 and 2 are moved antiparallel in the X direction.
- the pinhole can advantageously also be readjusted at any time in the laser scanning microscope if its microscopic observation is made possible there.
- the elements 1 and 2 are moved antiparallel in the x-direction to set the pinhole size by a scissor-like mechanism, not shown.
- the pinhole can be adjusted in the laser scanning microscope at any time even without its microscopic observation only by evaluating the signals from the photo receiver of the laser scanning microscope.
- elements 1, 2 and 3 are set by a motor-controlled scanning process in such a way that the light falling on the photoreceiver has a maximum intensity with the smallest possible pinhole opening. Then the Pinhoie must have a square shape.
- the aperture opening (x drive) gradually becomes smaller, the Si aperture attached to element 3 is set by means of the y drive so that the photo receiver receives a maximum light signal.
- This scanning process alternately by means of the x and y drives is repeated until the maximum light signal of the photo receiver has reached a predetermined minimum size, which is a pinhole size of z. B. corresponds to 10 ⁇ m.
- the pinhole opening inevitably has a square shape in any size.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04732304A EP1625428A1 (de) | 2003-05-22 | 2004-05-12 | Einstellbares pinhole, insbesondere für ein laser-scanning-mikroskop |
DE202004021263U DE202004021263U1 (de) | 2003-05-22 | 2004-05-12 | Einstellbares Pinhole, insbesondere für ein Laser-Scanning-Mikroskop |
JP2006529787A JP2007501434A (ja) | 2003-05-22 | 2004-05-12 | 特にレーザ走査型顕微鏡用の調整可能なピンホール |
US10/557,696 US20070081222A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2004-05-12 | Adjustable pinhole for a laser-scanning microscope |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10323923.5 | 2003-05-22 | ||
DE10323923A DE10323923A1 (de) | 2003-05-22 | 2003-05-22 | Einstellbares Pinhole, insbesondere für ein Laser-Scanning-Mikroskop |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004104648A1 true WO2004104648A1 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
Family
ID=33441339
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/005061 WO2004104648A1 (de) | 2003-05-22 | 2004-05-12 | Einstellbares pinhole, insbesondere für ein laser-scanning-mikroskop |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070081222A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1625428A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2007501434A (de) |
DE (2) | DE10323923A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004104648A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006136545A2 (de) | 2005-06-20 | 2006-12-28 | BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung | Blende für eine bildgebende einrichtung |
WO2014123862A1 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-14 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus incorporating multi-level shutters |
US9291813B2 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2016-03-22 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Systems and methods for MEMS light modulator arrays with reduced acoustic emission |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9052500B2 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2015-06-09 | Intelligent Imaging Innovations, Inc. | Fast pinhole changer for confocal microscopy or spatial filter |
EP3538941A4 (de) | 2016-11-10 | 2020-06-17 | The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York | Schnelles hochauflösendes bildgebungsverfahren für grosse proben |
DE102018114162B4 (de) | 2018-06-13 | 2023-01-19 | Solarius Asia Ltd. | Lochscheibe zum Selektieren von Licht für eine optische Abbildung, optisches Abbildungssystem |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0280375A1 (de) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-08-31 | Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen | Kontinuierlich veränderbare Blende |
EP0565069A1 (de) * | 1992-04-10 | 1993-10-13 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Verstellbare Blende und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
JPH09159935A (ja) * | 1995-12-12 | 1997-06-20 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 可変ピンホール機構 |
Family Cites Families (14)
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US3082674A (en) * | 1958-09-11 | 1963-03-26 | Bell & Howell Co | Automatic exposure mechanism with magnetic control of iris blades |
JPS5489486A (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1979-07-16 | Fujitsu Ltd | Slit of variable rectangular type electron beam exposure apparatus |
DE3422143A1 (de) * | 1984-06-14 | 1985-12-19 | Josef Prof. Dr. Bille | Geraet zur wafer-inspektion |
JPS6182649A (ja) * | 1984-09-29 | 1986-04-26 | Shimadzu Corp | スリツト機構 |
US4827125A (en) * | 1987-04-29 | 1989-05-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services | Confocal scanning laser microscope having no moving parts |
JPH0618171B2 (ja) * | 1987-10-16 | 1994-03-09 | 日本電気株式会社 | アパーチャ絞り |
JPH01116618A (ja) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-05-09 | Nec Corp | 可変アパチャ |
JP3018687B2 (ja) * | 1991-12-12 | 2000-03-13 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 走査型レーザー顕微鏡 |
JPH05203878A (ja) * | 1992-01-27 | 1993-08-13 | Jeol Ltd | 走査型レーザー顕微鏡 |
JPH063594A (ja) * | 1992-06-18 | 1994-01-14 | Nikon Corp | コンフォーカルレーザ走査微分干渉顕微鏡 |
DE69304315T2 (de) * | 1993-06-09 | 1997-01-16 | Hewlett Packard Gmbh | Regelbare optische Komponente |
JPH0723855B2 (ja) * | 1993-09-01 | 1995-03-15 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 分光器スリット機構 |
US6071426A (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2000-06-06 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Micro benchtop optics by bulk silicon micromachining |
JP2002006117A (ja) * | 2000-06-26 | 2002-01-09 | Shimadzu Corp | 光学スリットの作製方法 |
-
2003
- 2003-05-22 DE DE10323923A patent/DE10323923A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-05-12 JP JP2006529787A patent/JP2007501434A/ja active Pending
- 2004-05-12 DE DE202004021263U patent/DE202004021263U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-12 EP EP04732304A patent/EP1625428A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-05-12 US US10/557,696 patent/US20070081222A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-12 WO PCT/EP2004/005061 patent/WO2004104648A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0280375A1 (de) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-08-31 | Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen | Kontinuierlich veränderbare Blende |
EP0565069A1 (de) * | 1992-04-10 | 1993-10-13 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Verstellbare Blende und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
JPH09159935A (ja) * | 1995-12-12 | 1997-06-20 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 可変ピンホール機構 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 10 31 October 1997 (1997-10-31) * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006136545A2 (de) | 2005-06-20 | 2006-12-28 | BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung | Blende für eine bildgebende einrichtung |
EP1897095A2 (de) * | 2005-06-20 | 2008-03-12 | Bundesanstalt Für Materialforschung Und -Prufung (Bam) | Blende für eine bildgebende einrichtung |
US9291813B2 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2016-03-22 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Systems and methods for MEMS light modulator arrays with reduced acoustic emission |
WO2014123862A1 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-14 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus incorporating multi-level shutters |
US9170421B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2015-10-27 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus incorporating multi-level shutters |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE202004021263U1 (de) | 2007-07-19 |
DE10323923A1 (de) | 2004-12-16 |
EP1625428A1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
US20070081222A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
JP2007501434A (ja) | 2007-01-25 |
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