WO2004104578A1 - ケラチノサイトによるインターロイキン18の産生の誘導現象を利用した阻害剤のスクリーニング方法、およびアトピー性皮膚炎様症状の誘導方法、並びにその利用 - Google Patents
ケラチノサイトによるインターロイキン18の産生の誘導現象を利用した阻害剤のスクリーニング方法、およびアトピー性皮膚炎様症状の誘導方法、並びにその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/52—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
- C07K14/54—Interleukins [IL]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/502—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects
- G01N33/5023—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects on expression patterns
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5082—Supracellular entities, e.g. tissue, organisms
- G01N33/5088—Supracellular entities, e.g. tissue, organisms of vertebrates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6854—Immunoglobulins
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/52—Assays involving cytokines
- G01N2333/54—Interleukins [IL]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for screening for an inhibitor using the phenomenon of inducing the production of interleukin 18 from keratinocytes, a method for inducing arthropathic dermatitis-like symptoms, and use thereof.
- the present invention relates to a screening method which can be suitably used for elucidation of the onset mechanism of atopic dermatitis and its similar symptoms and for the development of therapeutic drugs, a method for inducing atopic dermatitis-like symptoms, and use thereof.
- the epidermis consists of keratinocytes (KC, keratinocytes), melanocytes, epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), and intraepithelial T cells.
- KC keratinocytes
- melanocytes melanocytes
- LC epidermal Langerhans cells
- intraepithelial T cells intraepithelial T cells.
- LCs are immature dendritic cells (DCs) whose function is to capture locally exposed protein antigens and deliver them to regional lymph nodes where an adaptive immune response typically occurs. is there.
- DCs dendritic cells
- L C changes to mature D C, which has the ability to present antigen.
- the result is a specific systemic immune response to the antigens carried by the LCZDC.
- the antigen-specific immune response of the skin is closely related to the systemic immune response to the same antigen.
- skin and immune organs are likely to be closely related to each other through the LC / DC circulation and antigen-specific immune cells.
- KC and melanocytes settle in the skin and basically do not participate in the acquired immune response.
- KC may contribute to the induction of innate immune responses and inflammation in local skin.
- the host responds with an inflammatory response, The resulting immune response develops in a localized skin area.
- KC and LC constituting the skin are considered to be deeply involved in each response. Therefore, based on the unique property of producing various cytokines in response to stimulation by microorganisms and chemical reagents, KC may affect LC and consequently alter the acquired immune response (Non-patent Document 1). ⁇ See 2). Given these facts, it is important to determine whether KC-induced skin inflammation also affects the systemic immune response.
- KC caspase-1
- atopic dermatitis atopic dermatitis (atopic dermatitis) dermatitis, AD
- atopic dermatitis atopic dermatitis (atopic dermatitis) dermatitis, AD
- IL-11] 3 enhances the ability of IL-18 to induce AD-like skin inflammation
- Non-Patent Document 4 KC may also contribute to the systemic immune response by producing many cytokines, including IL-18 and IL_1.
- IL-18 and IL-1 are produced as biologically inactive precursors, released after being cleaved by an appropriate intracellular enzyme such as caspase-1, and released as active forms. (See Non-Patent Documents 5 to 9).
- IL-18 exhibits various physiological activities depending on the type of coexisting cytokine.
- IL-12 interleukin 12
- IFN- ⁇ a strong inflammation-causing cytokine
- IL-18 induces an atopic response through induction of Th2 cytokine production (see Non-Patent Documents 11 to 14).
- AD is an inflammatory skin lesion caused by external stimuli, and is a disease with chronic repetitive strong pruritus.
- the onset has a genetic background, and patients have high levels of IgE in their serum, but the mechanisms of their onset are largely unknown.
- Activated T cells, basophils, and mast cells are deeply involved in the mechanism of AD development.
- activation of mast cells or basophils by allergens is thought to result in the production of Th2 cytokines and chemical mediators, resulting in AD.
- Activation of mast cells or basophils by the above allergens is caused by the cross-linking of IgE molecules bound to FceR (Fc receptor (FcR) for IgE antibodies of basophils) on these cells. by.
- Th2 site force input are interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 5 (IL-5), interleukin 9 (IL-9), and interleukin 13 (IL-1). 3) and the like.
- IL-4 interleukin 4
- IL-5 interleukin 5
- IL-9 interleukin 9
- IL-13 interleukin 13
- chemical mediator include histamine, serotonin, leukotoluene and the like.
- Staphylococcus aureus infection may worsen inflammatory changes in the skin of AD patients in some situations (see Non-Patent Documents 15 and 16). It is known that serum IL-18 levels increase (see Non-Patent Document 17). That is, it has been known that Staphylococcus aureus infection is a factor that induces or exacerbates AD. However, much remains unknown about how Staphylococcus aureus is involved in the pathogenesis of AD.
- Non-Patent Document 3 (Non-Patent Document 3)
- Non-patent document 4 (Non-patent document 4)
- IL-18 contributes to the spontaneous d evelopment of atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory skin lesion independently of IgE / stat6 under specific pathogen-free conditions.Proc. Natl.Ac ad.Sci. USA. 99: 11340.
- Non-Patent Document 5 (Non-Patent Document 5)
- Non-Patent Document 6 (Non-Patent Document 6)
- Non-Patent Document 7 (Non-Patent Document 7)
- Non-Patent Document 8 (Non-Patent Document 8)
- Non-Patent Document 9 (Non-Patent Document 9)
- Non-patent document 10 Okamura, H., Tsutsui, H., Komatsu, T., Yutsudo, M., Hakura, A., Tanimo to, T., Torigoe, K., Okura, T., Nukada, Y., Hattori, K. , Akita, H., Namba, M., Tanabe, F., Konishi, K., Fukuda, S., and Kurimoto, M. 1995 Cloning g of a new cytokine that induces INF-y production by T cells. Nature 37 8: 88.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to utilize the phenomenon of inducing the production of IL-18 from the body to develop the mechanism of onset of arthritis dermatitis and similar symptoms.
- An object of the present invention is to provide various methods that can be suitably used for elucidation and development of therapeutic drugs and methods of using the same. Disclosure of the invention
- the screening method according to the present invention provides a screening method for an inhibitor utilizing an induction phenomenon of interleukin 18 production that occurs in an organism having an atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory skin lesion in order to solve the above problems.
- the stimulant may be the protein A derived from Staphylococcus aureus, the partial protein of the protein A capable of stimulating keratinocytes, or the protein A capable of stimulating keratinocytes. It is preferable to use at least one of variants of the partial protein. Further, it is more preferable to use sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in addition to protein A as the stimulant.
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- the above-mentioned environment forming step is performed at an in-vitro mouth
- the above-mentioned environment is realized by adding the above-mentioned protein A to a culture solution of keratinocyte cultured cells and culturing the same.
- the environment forming step is performed in vivo
- the above environment may be formed by applying the protein A to the skin of a host organism.
- a skin piece having an atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory skin lesion is used as the stimulant, and the skin piece is transplanted to a host organism. Thereby, the formation of the environment may be realized.
- the host organism has at least all of the following traits: CD4 + T cell expression, stat6 expression, and IL-18R ⁇ chain expression in NKT cells.
- a mouse is preferably used as the host organism.
- the present invention also includes a therapeutic drug for an immunological disease containing an inhibitor obtained by using the above-described cleaning method. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for suppressing high-level IgE expression in serum produced in an organism having an atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory skin lesion. No exposure to antigens caused by local accumulation of interleukin 18 produced from keratinocytes using the inhibitor obtained using the above screening method or the above-mentioned drug for treating an immune disease. It also includes a method of suppressing the systemic IgE response caused by E. coli.
- the method for inducing an atopic dermatitis-like symptom according to the present invention is a method for inducing an atopic dermatitis-like symptom that causes an atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory skin lesion in a model organism. It is characterized by applying Protein A to the skin of a model organism.
- the protein A may be a complete protein of the protein A, a partial protein of the protein A capable of stimulating keratinocytes, or the protein A capable of stimulating keratinocytes. Can use at least one of variants of the partial protein. Furthermore, when applying the protein A to the skin of a model organism, it is preferable to use SDS together.
- the present invention includes a model organism that has developed an inflammatory skin lesion obtained by the above-described induction method, and a mouse can be mentioned as an example of the model organism.
- Screening kit II for performing the screening method, and kit for inducing arthritis-like dermatitis-like symptoms for performing the above-described induction method can be mentioned.
- each of the above methods in inflammatory skin lesions such as atopic dermatitis (AD), local accumulation of IL-18 produced from keratinocytes increases systemic IgE without exposure to antigen. Utilizes triggering a response. Therefore, each of the above methods can be suitably used for elucidating the onset mechanism of atopic dermatitis and its similar symptoms and for developing therapeutic drugs.
- AD atopic dermatitis
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of induction of IgE in a host by transplantation of lesion skin of a KCAS P1 Tg mouse together with the results of a control.
- FIGS. 2A to 2F are diagrams showing the accumulation of IL_18 in the lesion skin of KCAS P1 Tg mice together with the control results.
- FIGS. 3A to 3F are diagrams showing the accumulation of CD4 + T cells in lesional skin of KCAS P1 Tg mice together with the results of controls.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the loss of selective differentiation of Th2 cells in a host transplanted with diseased skin, together with the results of a control.
- a and B in Figure 5 show the control of host CD4 + T cells, host stat6 and host IL-18 response to IgE induction, and the development of Th1 / Th2 cells. It is a figure shown with the result of.
- 6A to 6C are diagrams showing the results of induction of IL-18 and IgE by treatment with SpA in vivo, together with the results of controls.
- a to D in FIG. 7 are not 11 ⁇ _12 but 1
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the result of releasing only L-18, together with the result of control.
- FIGS. 8A to 8D are diagrams showing the results of skin lesions in NC / Nga mice to which a mixture of 4% SDS and SpA (200 / day) was applied, together with the results of controls.
- a to D in Fig. 9 were coated with a mixture of 4% SDS and SpA (200 ⁇ 8 / day).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of microscopic observation of changes over time in skin in NC / Nga mice, together with the results of control.
- the screening method according to the present invention comprises, in vivo or in vitro, an environment forming step of forming an environment for inducing local IL_18 production from keratinocytes (KC) by stimulation with a stimulant; Administering a candidate substance under an environment to identify a substance that inhibits the above-described induction of interleukin 18 production by KC as the inhibitor.
- an environment forming step of forming an environment for inducing local IL_18 production from keratinocytes (KC) by stimulation with a stimulant Administering a candidate substance under an environment to identify a substance that inhibits the above-described induction of interleukin 18 production by KC as the inhibitor.
- IL-18 is locally excessively produced from skin KC, which results in high levels of IgE expression in serum There is also. Therefore, by using a screening method including the above-mentioned environment formation step and inhibitor identification step, it is possible to obtain a substance that inhibits IL-18 secretion.
- the resulting substance (inhibitor) can be an effective therapeutic agent for AD.
- AD-like inflammatory skin lesion is an immune disease that develops in a IL-18-dependent manner and broadly refers to a condition in which inflammation appears on the skin, and is strictly recognized as AD. It does not mean only pruritic chronic inflammation.
- in vitro refers to a reaction system artificially reproduced by cultured cells
- in vivo refers to a reaction system in a complete individual.
- the “inhibitor” in the present invention may be any substance that inhibits secretion of IL-18 from KC, and the specific mechanism of the inhibition is not particularly limited. Therefore, the inhibitor obtained by the screening method according to the present invention may reversibly or irreversibly inhibit the secretion process of IL-18 from KC. Is also good. In the case of an inhibitor that inhibits reversibly, it may be a competitive (antagonistic) inhibitor (antagonist) or a non-competitive inhibitor. In other words, in the screening method according to the present invention, various types of inhibitors such as those containing an antagonist can be screened.
- the above-mentioned environment forming step may be any step as long as it forms an environment that induces the production of IL-18 from KC by stimulation with a stimulant, and the detailed conditions for forming the environment are not particularly limited. . In other words, as long as an environment capable of inducing the production of IL-18 can be realized, it may be in vivo or in vitro.
- the stimulant examples include various proteins capable of stimulating K C (K C stimulating protein).
- K C stimulating protein The KC stimulating protein is not particularly limited as long as it is a protein capable of stimulating KC.
- protein A protein A derived from S. aureus is exemplified. ).
- Staphylococcus aureus infection has been known to be a trigger or exacerbation factor of AD.Furthermore, according to the present inventors, when SpA is applied to mice together with SDS, it is short-term. Among them, it was found that AD-like chronic dermatitis can be induced (see Examples). Therefore, the above SpA can be particularly preferably used as the KC stimulating protein.
- the above SpA may be a complete protein (a protein having a complete amino acid sequence) obtained from Staphylococcus aureus, but if it can stimulate keratinocytes, a partial protein of SpA or It may be a variant of a complete protein or a partial protein.
- the above-mentioned variant comprises an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids have been substituted, deleted, inserted, and / or added to a known amino acid sequence of SpA, and a B7-2 molecule Refers to a protein that negatively regulates expression on the cell surface.
- the above-mentioned “one or several amino acids have been substituted, deleted, inserted, and Z or added” means that substitution or deletion is performed by a known mutant protein production method such as site-directed mutagenesis. Substitutions, deletions, insertions, and / or additions to the extent that amino acids can be lost, inserted, and / or added (preferably 10 or less, more preferably 7 or less, and still more preferably 5 or less) Means that.
- the above-mentioned variant is a mutant protein of the above SpA, and the term "mutation" as used herein mainly refers to a mutation artificially introduced by a known method for producing a mutant protein. Alternatively, the same naturally occurring mutant protein may be isolated and purified. Also The variant of SpA may include an additional polypeptide. It is more preferable to use SDS in addition to SpA as the stimulant. Combined use of SDS and protein A can induce more severe AD-like chronic pruritic dermatitis (see Examples).
- the method of using 3 and 303 in combination is not particularly limited, but prepare a SpA-SDS solution in which SDS is added to a solvent that dissolves SpA, and apply it to the skin of a model organism. I just need to.
- the method of stimulating KC by the KC stimulating protein is not particularly limited, and any method can be used as long as it can stimulate KC to induce the production of IL-18.
- the above-mentioned environment forming step is performed in vitro, the above-mentioned SpA may be added to the culture solution of the cultured cells of KC and cultured.
- the KC cultured cells used at this time are not particularly limited, and known cultured cells can be suitably used. For example, in Example 6 described below, PAM212 cells are used.
- the culture conditions of the above KC culture cells that is, the culture solution, the culture temperature, the method of adding SpA, and the like are not particularly limited, and if appropriate conditions are set according to the type of culture cells used. Good.
- the SpA may be applied to the skin of a host organism.
- the conditions for applying SpA are not particularly limited, and any method may be used as long as it does not hinder the stimulation of KC by SpA.
- SpA is used as a PBS solution of 50% glycerol.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a SpA-SDS solution obtained by adding SDS to SpA may be prepared and applied to the skin of a host organism.
- the application conditions such as the application method and the site to be applied to the host organism are not particularly limited.
- the host organism used at this time is not particularly limited, but usually, mammals generally used in various experiments may be used. Specific examples include experimental animals such as mice, rats, rabbits, pigs, and monkeys. An example For example, in Examples described later, a mouse is used as a host organism. In particular, mice have been widely used as experimental animals, and they have a track record of being able to obtain various mutant strains easily. It is preferred because of its advantages.
- the stimulant may be other than KC stimulating protein such as SpA.
- skin with AD-like inflammatory skin lesions can be used.
- An environment in which IL-18 production can be induced can also be realized by transplanting the skin piece of the lesioned skin into a host organism.
- the lesion skin is not particularly limited as long as the skin has AD-like inflammatory skin lesions, but it is highly preferable that the skin is of the same kind of organism as the host organism from the viewpoint of transplantation. . Heterogeneous organisms are not preferred because they cause an immune response other than AD-like inflammatory skin lesions such as rejection.
- As the host organism various experimental animals can be mentioned as described in the description of the KC stimulating protein. It is highly preferred that this is the case (see Examples described later).
- the host organism has at least the following characteristics: (i) expression of CD4 + T cells, (ii) expression of stat6, and (iii) expression of IL-18R ⁇ chain in NKT cells. Both must be provided.
- the CD4 deficient mouse, stat6 deficient mouse, and IL-18 Ro; chain deficient mouse all used skin pieces of lesion skin obtained from KCAS PIT g mice. Implantation did not induce IgE production. That is, in order to realize an environment capable of inducing the production of IL-18, the above-mentioned traits (i) to (iiii) are necessary conditions.
- the CD4 + T cells are T cells that express the antigen CD4 (one of the cell membrane glycoproteins of helper cells). The presence or absence of CD4 expression is indicated by a plus or minus sign at the upper right. Therefore, CD4 is expressed In this case, it is indicated by “CD4 + ", and when not expressed, it is indicated by "CD4—”.
- stat6 STAT6 is an intracellular signal transduction molecule involved in the mechanism of action of cytodynamic force, and is specifically activated by IL-14. It is a structure expressed in T cells and involved in the response of IL-18.
- the candidate substance is administered in an environment capable of inducing the production of IL-18 formed in the environment formation step, and the induction of the production of interleukin-18 by the keratinocytes is inhibited.
- the step of identifying a substance can be an inhibitor that inhibits the induction of IL-18 secretion.
- the method of administering the candidate substance is not particularly limited.
- a candidate substance may be administered to a culture solution in which cultured cells of KC are cultured.
- a scavenger substance may be applied to an inflamed site in the host organism, or the host organism may receive the candidate substance.
- the method for identifying the inhibitor is not particularly limited, and any method may be used as long as it can reliably confirm that induction of IL_18 production by KC is inhibited. Regardless of whether the environment capable of inducing IL-18 production is in vitro or in vivo, a cell-free system using ELISA can be used.
- the specific method of the screening method according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it includes the above-described environment forming step and the step of identifying the inhibitor, and of course includes other steps. Is also good.
- the present invention includes a therapeutic drug for an immunological disease containing an inhibitor obtained by using the above-mentioned screening method.
- the specific composition of the therapeutic drug for immunological diseases is not particularly limited, and appropriate compositions may be selected depending on the type of the screened inhibitor and the state of the organism to be administered (including humans). It only needs to contain a buffer and additives.
- the present invention also includes an inhibitor obtained by using the above-described screening method, and a method for suppressing high-level IgE expression using the above-mentioned drug for treating an immune disease.
- the present method by using the above-mentioned inhibitors or therapeutic agents for immunological diseases, the local accumulation of IL-18 produced from KC can be used to reduce the systemic IgE response caused without exposure to antigen. Suppress. As a result, it is possible to suppress or inhibit the phenomenon of high-level expression of IgE in serum, which occurs in inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis.
- AD condition can be effectively treated or alleviated.
- a model organism also includes a method for inducing AD-like symptoms that cause AD-like inflammatory skin lesions.
- the method for inducing an AD-like symptom according to the present invention comprises the steps of:
- the C stimulating protein is used as the stimulant
- any method may be used as long as protein A derived from Staphylococcus aureus is applied to the skin of the host organism.
- the application conditions and the like at this time are not particularly limited as in the above (1).
- the protein A may be a complete protein of the protein A, a partial protein of the protein A capable of stimulating keratinocytes, or stimulating keratinocytes. It is sufficient if at least one of the above-mentioned variants of protein A or its partial protein is available.
- the present invention includes a model organism that has developed an inflammatory skin lesion obtained by the above induction method.
- the present invention can be suitably used for elucidating the onset mechanism of AD and its similar symptoms and for developing therapeutic drugs.
- each of the above methods according to the present invention may be realized by a kit. That is, the present invention may include a screening kit for performing the above-described screening method or an induction kit for performing the above-described method for inducing AD-like symptoms.
- the specific configuration of the screening kit is not particularly limited.
- a stimulant especially a KC stimulating protein and an accelerating substance
- various materials used in the inhibitor identification step for example, Sp A (A binding protein and a signal transfer molecule, etc.
- the specific configuration of the AD-like symptom induction kit is not particularly limited, but may include a configuration including 3 solutions and an application means capable of applying 3 efficiently.
- the screening method according to the present invention is suitably used for screening a therapeutic drug for an immunological disease for treating AD-like inflammatory skin lesions.
- the method for inducing AD-like symptoms according to the present invention can be used for elucidating the onset mechanism of AD-like symptoms by artificially causing AD-like symptoms in model animals. It can also be used to verify the effect of the inhibitor obtained by the screening method according to the present invention.
- a certain inhibitor for example, substance X
- substance X a certain inhibitor obtained as a screening method according to the present invention by a method of realizing an environment forming step in vitro.
- a mouse having AD-like symptoms has been produced using the method for inducing AD-like symptoms according to the present invention, and the effect of substance X can be verified in vivo using the mice.
- the method of using the present invention is not limited to the above example, and it goes without saying that it can be used for various other purposes.
- the present invention has been described in detail with reference to specific examples.
- the present invention is not limited to only the above embodiment, and the present invention departs from the gist thereof.
- the present invention can be implemented in various modified, changed, and modified modes based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- mice and reagents used in the examples and the details of specific experimental methods are shown below.
- mice Female C57BL / 6 (B6) wild-type mice (6-10 weeks) were purchased from CLEA Japan.
- B6 background CD4 deficient mice female, 6-10 weeks) were kindly provided by Dr. Taniguchi of the University of Tokyo.
- B6 background Stat6-deficient mice female, 6-10 weeks were kindly provided by Dr. Takeda of Osaka University (Takeda, K., Tanaka, T., Shi, W., Matsumoto, M. , Minami, M., Kashiwamura, S., Nakanishi, K., Yoshida, N., Kishimoto, T. and Akira. S., 1996. Essential role of STAT 6 in IL-4 signaling. Nature 380: 627) .
- Fasp mice female mice suffering from chronic skin diseases with high serum IgE (10--12 ⁇ gZm1) and IL-18 (5-7 ngZm1) were used. Selected and used. Fasp mice (female, 6-10 weeks) obtained by mating caspase-1 deficient mice with B6 wild type mice were used (Seki, ⁇ ⁇ , Tsutsui, H., Tsuji, NM, Hayashi, N., Adachi, K., Nakano, H., Futatsugi-Yumikura, S., Takeuchi, 0., Hoshino, K., Akira, S., Fujimoto, J. and Nakanishi, K. 2
- myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent proin f lammatory cytokine release in early phase clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in mice. J. Immunol. 169: 3863).
- B6 / 129 background myeloid differentiation factor 88 (My D88) deficient mice and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 deficient mice F4 mice (females) were provided by Dr. Akira of Osaka University. (See Seki et al). All mice were under sterile conditions.
- ⁇ reagent ⁇ SpA purified from Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 was purchased from Calbiochem.
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli (055; B5) was purchased from Difco. See Non-Patent Document 6 for Murine Fas ligand transfectant (mF as L).
- the caspase inhibitor z—VAD—F MK (Z VAD), which inhibits a wide range of activities, and the caspase-1 specific inhibitor A c—YCAD—CM K (YVAD) are available from Peptide Institute. Purchased from.
- RPMI 1640 containing 10% FCS, 100 UZm 1 penicillin, 100 g 1 streptomycin, 50 ⁇ M 2-mercaptoethanol and 2 mM L-glutamine was used as a normal culture solution.
- the mouse keratinocyte cell line PAM212 was provided by Dr. Tamaki of the University of Tokyo.
- Skin specimens (1 cm 2 ) were obtained from normal skin of wild-type B6 mice or skin with lesions (lesion skin) or non-lesioned skin (non-lesioned skin) of KCAS P1 Tg mice. Then, they were transplanted into the back of wild-type B6 mice, CD4-deficient mice, stat6-deleted mice, or IL-18R-deficient B6 mice. As skin specimens, two grafts were obtained for lesional skin or non-lesional skin of KCAS P1Tg.
- mice After skin transplantation, recipients should drink lmg / ml neomycin sulfate (Sigma) and 1 000 U / m1 polymixin B sulfate (Sigma) to prevent all possible infections. I gave water. Serum was sampled as appropriate to determine IgE concentration.
- Skin specimens (1 cm 2 ) were obtained from wild-type B6 mice or KC ASP 1 Tg mice, and sheets of epidermis prepared from the skin specimens were in PBS (phosphate buffered saline). , Homogenized at 4 ° C and filtered. The concentration of various cytokines and proteins contained in each lysate was determined by the Using an ELI SA kit, a protein evaluation reagent ( Pierce ) was used.
- Spleen CD4 + T cells were isolated from mice treated with various methods using AutoMAC S (Miltenyi Biotec). Freshly isolated spleen cells were incubated with anti-CD4 beads (Miltenyi Biotec). The purity of CD4 + T cells is 98 ° /. It was super. The cells (1 ⁇ 10 6 / m 1) were incubated with immobilized anti-CD3 ⁇ (PharMingen) for 48 hours, and the concentration of IFN_T / and IL-14 in each supernatant was measured. It was determined by ELISA.
- the IL-18 concentration was determined using an MBLI ELISA kit. I L—4, I
- FN-y and IL_lJ3 were determined using the Genzyme ELISA kit.
- the ILI-5 ELISA kit was purchased from Endogen.
- the serum IgE concentration was determined using a PharmMingen ELISA kit.
- the IFN- ⁇ -inducing ability of IL-18 was determined by bioassay using an IL-18-responsive mouse ⁇ cell clone named LNK series (see Non-Patent Document 6 and others).
- LNK5E6 cells have higher responsiveness to IL-18 stimulation with respect to IFN- ⁇ production than LNK5E3 cells (see Non-Patent Document 6).
- the cells were incubated for 48 hours in the presence or absence of an anti-IL-18 antibody (50 / g / m1) with various samples and 100 pgZm1 of IL_12. .
- the activity of IL-18 is defined as the concentration of IFN- ⁇ produced by cells in response to IL-18 as shown in the following formula (see Non-Patent Document 6).
- IL-18 activity (IFN-y in supernatant in the absence of anti-IL-18 antibody)-(IFN- in supernatant in the presence of anti-IL-18 antibody).
- SpA solution Various amounts of SpA were dissolved in 5 ⁇ l of a solvent (50% glycerol in PBS) to prepare (SpA solution), and this SpA solution was transferred to the skin of a wild-type ear. Was applied daily for 14 days. As a control, 5 ⁇ 1 solvent containing no SpA was used. Mice were placed in individual cages to avoid the effects of other mice. [: Preparation of KC]
- KC is based on the method described by Dr. Tamaki et al. (Vestergaard, C., Yoneyama, H., Murai, M., Nakamura, K., Tamaki, K., Terashima, Y., Imai, T., Yoshie, 0., Irimura, T., Mizutani, H., et al. 1999. Overproduction of Th2-specific chemokine in NC / Nga mice exhibiting atopic dermatitis-like lesions. J. Clin. Invest.
- KC (5 ⁇ 10 5 , m 1) or PAM 2 12 cells (2 ⁇ 10 5 / m 1) contain various amounts of SpA and 1 g / m 1 of LPS or mF as Incubated with L (1 ⁇ 10 6 / m 1) for 24 hours.
- the concentration of IL-118 and the activity in each supernatant were determined by ELISA and Bioassay, respectively.
- KC was incubated with 500 g / m 1 of Sp A for 4 hours to extract total RNA and RT—PCR (Tsutsui, H., Matsui, ⁇ ⁇ , Kawada , N., Hyodo, Y., Hayashi, ⁇ ., Okamura, H., Higashino, K. and Nakanishi, K. 19 97.IL-18 accounts for both TNF--and Fas ligand-mediated hepatotoxic pathways in endotoxin— induced liver injury in mice. J. Immunol. 159: 3961). See Tsutsui et al., Above, for primers for IL-18, IL-12p35, IL-12p40 or j3_actin and PCR for each cytokine.
- Kupffer cells Preparation of Kupffer cells (Kupper cells) was performed according to Non-Patent Document 6.
- K upff er cells (1 X 1 0 6 / m 1) is provided with a 1 ⁇ g / m 1 of LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and After incubation for 4 hours, the expression of IL-18, IL-12p35, IL-12p40 and j3-actin was determined as mRNA concentration by RT-PCR.
- Non-Patent Document 6 an anti-CD 1 1 c antibody conjugated with Fikoeri Trinh ( ⁇ ) (Phar Mingen Co.) full O receptacle in isothiocyanate Xia sulfonates anti I one (FI TC) linked to a b antibody anti CD bound to (PharMingen, Inc.), or anti-CD 4 antibodies conjugated to PE and (Pharm ingen Co.) FITC After incubation with 8 antibodies (PharMingen), determination was made by two-color flow cytometry analysis.
- Example 1 IgE by transplantation of skin graft from KCAS P1 Tg mouse
- the possibility of inducing an increase in serum IgE concentration was examined. Specifically, to standardize skin graft conditions for each transplant, chronic dermatitis develops in the ears, face and torso and constant serum IL-18 and IgE concentrations KC AS P 1 Tg mice having the bacterium were selected as donors. Lesioned or non-lesioned skin pieces of KCAS PITg mice were transplanted into normal B6 mice, and the serum IgE concentration of the host was measured. Figure 1 shows the results.
- FIG. 1 the filled circle in the graph and the photograph above the right side show the results of transplanting the lesion skin of the KCAS P1 Tg mouse into a normal B6 mouse, and the shaded circle and The middle photo on the right shows the results of transplanting the non-lesioned skin of KCAS P1Tg mice, and the square in the graph and the lower photo on the right show the results of transplanting normal skin of wild-type mice. Show.
- serum was sampled for IgE measurement by ELISA, and the engrafted skin was engrafted. The rate was observed (upper part of FIG. 1: engraftment rate of transplanted skin).
- the data show the mean and standard deviation of three mice in each experimental group. The survival rate of the transplanted skin is shown in the upper panel.
- B6 mice implanted with unlesioned skin showed a delayed, weak IgE response, whereas mice implanted with lesioned skin showed IgE in their serum. Concentrations rose early. Control B6 mice transplanted with skin grafts of wild-type mice did not show elevated IgE. B6 mice transplanted with diseased skin show high serum IgE concentrations, but fall off after graft removal. On the other hand, B6 mice transplanted with non-lesional skin maintain low IgE concentrations. In addition, B6 mice transplanted with diseased skin begin to increase serum IgE levels again, even after rejection of the diseased skin.
- Figures 2A-F the filled bars show the results of lesion skin specimens sampled from two KCAS P1T g mice, and the shaded bars show samples from two KCAS PIT g mice The results for the non-lesioned skin specimens shown are shown, and the open bar graph shows the results for the control skin specimens sampled from three wild-type mice.
- Figure 2A shows the dissolution of each of the above skin specimens.
- Figure 2B shows the IL-18 activity (IFN_y production by IL-18 responsive LNK5E6 cells), and
- Figure 2C shows the IL-18 concentration in FIG. 2D shows the concentration of IFN- ⁇ , FIG. 2 ⁇ shows the concentration of IL-14, and
- FIG. 2F shows the concentration of IL-5.
- Each result represents the mean and standard deviation of the results of three independent experiments in each sample. Note that ND indicates that it is not detected.
- the lysate from the lesion skin of the KCA SP 1 Tg mouse showed a high IL-18 concentration in ELISA, and both the precursor and mature forms of IL-18 were detected.
- the lysate of non-lesioned skin of KCAS P1Tg mouse showed only a low IL-18 concentration, and the lysate of wild-type mouse skin had the lowest concentration of IL-18.
- the lesion site on the skin of KCA SP l Tg mice was found to be bioactive 18 kDa IL-18 and 24 kDa IL-18 precursor. It is known that the skin of wild-type mice and the unlesioned skin of KCA SPIT g mice express only the 24 kDa IL-18 precursor. Therefore, in order to confirm this, we performed a PIOA assay for IL-18. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2B, the lesion skin of the KCA SP1Tg mouse showed a high titer of the activity of IFN-T / induction by IL-18. On the other hand, non-lesional skin showed little activity. Further, IL-18 having such a physiological activity is not present in normal skin of B6 mice.
- IL-1 was also concentrated in KC only in the lesion skin. It is known that in addition to IL-18 and IL-1 jS, other caspase-1 products are also concentrated in KC only in the lesioned skin. Thus, the IgE concentration in the host corresponds to the concentrations of IL18 and IL_1j3 in the transplanted graft.
- the concentrations of IFN- ⁇ , IL-14 and IL-5 in the lysate of the lesion skin of KCA SP1 Tg mice were measured.
- the concentrations of IFN-T, IL-4 and IL-15 in the lysate of lesional skin of KCAS P1 Tg mice Dissolution of non-lesional skin of KCA SP 1 Tg mouse All were higher than the demolition.
- grafts of diseased skin accumulate large amounts of IL-18, IL-lj3, IFN- ⁇ , IL-15 and IL-4.
- FIG. 3 A ⁇ D is normal skin wild-type mice
- E is uninvolved skin of KCAS P l Tg mice
- F were obtained from lesional skin of KCAS P 1 T g mice The results of the obtained KC samples are shown.
- Figures 3A-C show the results of incubation of each KC specimen with an anti-CD4 antibody conjugated with PE and an anti-CD8 antibody conjugated with FITC
- Figures 3D-F show the results of incubation with each KC specimen and PE. shows the results of incubation of anti-I- a b antibody conjugated with anti-CD 1 1 c antibody and FI TC bound to.
- FIGS. 3A to 3F the ratio of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells, and the ratio of CD11 c + DC and I— Ab + DC are shown. Each result represents only one of the three mice in each experimental group.
- the number of CD4 + T cells was substantially increased in the diseased skin as compared to the wild-type mice. Also, there was no difference in the ratio of CD8 + T cells or DC between these three types of recipients.
- CD4 + T cells in the host differentiate into Th2 cells after transplantation of the lesioned skin.
- normal and non-lesioned skin of KCAS P1 Tg mice were compared to normal B6 mice. After transplantation of normal skin from skin or wild-type mice, 21 days later, spleen CD4 + T cells were incubated with immobilized anti-CD3 for 48 hours, and IL-14 concentration in the supernatant (solid bar graph). ) And IFN- ⁇ concentration (open bar graph) were determined by ELISA.
- Fig. 4 shows the results.
- the IL-14 concentration is shown as a solid bar graph, and the IFN- ⁇ concentration is shown as a white bar graph.
- Each data represents the mean and standard deviation of triplicate. Similar results were obtained from three independent experiments. NS indicates no significance.
- CD4 + T cells of spleen in the host on day 21 were normal host transplanted with normal B6 mouse skin
- both IL-4 and IFN- ⁇ were produced in large amounts in response to immobilized anti-CD3.
- CD4 + T cells in the spleen were ⁇ 6 with IL-4 levels comparable to those in recipients transplanted with skin from wild-type mice. IFN- ⁇ was produced (response to plate-bound anti-CD3).
- CD4 + T cells from recipients transplanted with diseased or non-lesioned skin of KCAS PlTg mouse were converted to normal skin from wild-type mice. Secreted only a similar amount of IL-4 and IFN- ⁇ as CD4 + T cells of the control recipients transplanted with the same.
- CD4 + ⁇ ⁇ cells require 2-3 weeks from stimulation by transplantation of lesional skin grafts to differentiate into Th1 / Th2 cells.
- Example 4 Induction of IgE depending on IL-18, CD4 and stat6
- the mechanism of induction of IgE in lesional skin of KCASP1 Tg mice was analyzed at a cell level.
- mice excluding CD4 + T cells show no increase in serum IgE concentration even when IL-18 is administered. Therefore, whether host-derived CD4 + T cells are originally required, or donor T cells that produce IL-14 infiltrated into the affected skin (see Fig. 2E). We checked whether the conditions were met.
- mice wild-type mice, CD4-deficient mice, stat6-deficient mice or IL
- the lesion skin of a KCAS AS1Tg mouse was transplanted to an 18R ⁇ -deficient mouse.
- serum was sampled for IgE measurement.
- the results are shown in FIG. 5A.
- the open bar graph is the result on day 0, and the solid bar graph is the result on day 21.
- Each data represents the mean and standard deviation of three mice in each experimental group.
- CD4 deficient mice did not produce IgE even after transplanting the lesioned skin of KCAS PITg mice, as shown in Figure 5A. These results indicate that IL-4 producing cells or IL-18 in grafts of lesion skin of KCA SPIT g mice induce a systemic increase in Ig E without host CD4 + T cells Suggests that you cannot do that.
- stat6 is indispensable for IL-14 signal transduction
- stat6 activation is critical for IgE induction.
- Deficient mice do not show any increase in IgE after transplantation of diseased skin. This result suggests that the IgE response induced by the lesional skin graft is dependent on host-derived CD4 + T cells and stat6.
- transplantation of normal skin from B6 mice also did not induce Ig E production in hosts lacking CD4 + T cells or stat6.
- induction of IgE by skin transplantation occurs only when the host has intact CD4 + T cells and stat6.
- mice transplanted with diseased skin were used to express CD4 + T cells (Fig. 4), the differentiation into Th1 / Th2 cells was also dependent on IL-18 present in the graft of lesioned skin. I checked what to do.
- mice normal skin of ⁇ 6 wild-type mice or lesion skin of KCAS ⁇ 1 Tg mice were transplanted into IL-118R ⁇ -deficient mice. 2 On day 1, spleen CD4 + T cells were isolated from the recipient, stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3, and the produced IL-4 and IFN-y were measured by ELISA. The results are shown in FIG. 5B.
- the open bar graph is the result of IFN—, and the solid bar graph is the result of IL-14.
- Each data represents the mean and standard deviation of three mice in each experimental group. NS indicates no significance.
- CD4 + T cells from IL-18Ra-depleted mice transplanted with grafts of diseased skin were transformed into IL-18R cells from normal skin of wild-type mice. No differences were observed in the production of IL-14 or IFN-0 compared to CD4 + ⁇ cells of the deficient mice. This result indicates that the differentiation of Th1 / Th2 cells through the graft of the diseased skin may be dependent on IL-18 released from the graft.
- Example 5 Induction of IL-18 and IgE by SpA in vivo Infection with Staphylococcus aureus exacerbates inflammatory changes in the skin, sometimes in AD patients, and in some AD patients It is known that IL-18 concentration increases. Therefore, it was investigated whether the product of S. aureus could cause a systemic increase in IL-18 in normal B6 mice.
- mice were applied once daily at various doses of SpA or solvent alone for two weeks. Thereafter, on day 14, serum spleens were sampled to determine the concentration of IL-18 or IgE.
- spleen CD4 + T cells from mice spiked with solvent or SpA 100 gZ days were incubated with plate-bound anti-CD3 for 48 hours, and IFN- ⁇ and IL-14 concentrations in each supernatant was measured by ELIS II. The results are shown in Figs.
- FIG. 6A shows the result of IL-18
- FIG. 6B shows the result of IgE.
- Figure The open bar graph at 6 C shows the results for IFN- ⁇
- the solid bar daraf shows the results for IL-4.
- Fig. 6 The data in ⁇ and ⁇ show the mean and standard deviation of three mice in each group.
- the data in FIG. 6C shows the mean and standard deviation of the three samples, showing data for one of the three mice in each group.
- ND indicates no detection and NS indicates no significance.
- the level of IL-18 in serum was It increased in a dependent manner, but not in the mice to which only the solvent was applied.
- mice coated with SpA or solvent were not detected by ELISA.
- the IgE level also increased in a dose-dependent manner.
- mice treated with SpA did not show Th2 cell predominant differentiation.
- IL-18 can induce IgE without IL-12, and inhibits IgE induction when IL-12 is present. So far, it has been known that stimulants including LPS (lipopolysaccharide) which induce secretion of IL-18 always cause production of IL-12. It is then necessary to determine which cell types secrete IL-18 in response to SpA and that these cells secrete IL-18 without producing IL-12. Examined.
- LPS lipopolysaccharide
- PAM2 12 cells (a mouse KC culture) were incubated with or without SpA for 24 hours, and the IL-18 concentration and IL-18 in each supernatant were incubated.
- the biological activity of inducing IFN- ⁇ was measured by ELISA and bioassay, respectively.
- FIG. 7A the left side shows the concentration of IL-18, and the right side shows the activity of inducing IFN- ⁇ .
- the data in FIG. 7A shows the average and standard deviation of the three values. Also, ND is not detected It indicates that.
- PAM2 12 cells secrete an active form of IL-18, which can induce IFN- ⁇ production.
- wild-type B6 mouse KCs were incubated with various doses of SpA for 24 hours to demonstrate whether newly isolated KCs secreted IL-18 in response to SpA. .
- FIG. 7B KC prepared from the skin of wild-type B6 mice is shown as a solid bar graph, CD11. The ratio of 1: cells excluding + cells is shown by an outline bar graph.
- KC As shown on the left side of FIG. 7B, freshly isolated KC released IL-18 in a dose-dependent manner in response to SpA. Since LCZDC can release IL-18, CD11c + cells were removed from KC specimens and they were incubated with SpA. Even after removing the CD11c + cells, KC secreted IL-18 upon stimulation with SpA, as shown on the right side of FIG. 7B. Note that the data in FIG. 7B shows the average and standard deviation of the three values. Also, ND indicates that it is not detected.
- caspase-1 is required for IL-18 secretion by LPS (lipopolysaccharide) induction.
- LPS lipopolysaccharide
- KC was prepared from wild-type mice, caspase-1 deficient mice, TLR2-deleted mice, or MyD88-deleted mice, and KC of wild-type mice was 20 / ⁇ Z VAD, 2 Incubated with 500 ⁇ g / ml SpA for 24 hours in the presence of 0 MYVAD or the same volume of DMS O (Veh). At the same time, KC of each of the above mutants was incubated with 500 ⁇ g / ml SpA for 24 hours. Was. IL-18 in each supernatant was measured by ELISA. The results are shown in Figure 7C.
- WT indicates wild-type mice
- KO indicates mice of the above mutants (knockout type)
- open bars indicate caspase-1 deficient mice
- shaded bars indicate TLR2 deficient mice.
- the hatched bar indicates the MyD88 deletion mouse.
- the KC of wild-type mice incubated with 500 ⁇ g / m1 SpA without DMSO was 28.4 ⁇ 3.53 / 1111. 1 1 ⁇ — 1 8 was produced.
- the KC of caspase_l-deficient mice secretes IL-18 at a level comparable to that of wild-type mice. This suggests caspase-1-independent secretion of IL-18 for SpA stimulation.
- the data in Fig. 7C shows the average and standard deviation of the three values.
- YVAD a caspase-1 inhibitor, and ZVAD, which inhibits a wide range of caspases, potently stimulate IL-18 secretion from Kupffer cells, liver tissue macrophages stimulated by LPS or membrane-bound Fas ligand. Inhibit. Therefore, it was examined whether the secretion of IL-18 was affected by YVAD or Z VAD in KC stimulated with SpA. As shown in FIG. 7C, these two caspase inhibitors did not inhibit IL-18 secretion from the wild-type mice stimulated with SpA. This result indicates that ca spase is not required for IL-18 secretion from KC stimulated by SpA. Data are not shown, but the same can be said for Kasp with caspase-1 deletion mouse.
- KC is an essential adapter molecule shared by TLR2, a signal receptor for Gram-positive bacteria, or by all TLR members We examined whether it secretes IL-118 depending on My D88. As shown in Fig. 7C, both TLR2 and MyD88 are not required for IL-18 secretion from KC induced by SpA stimulation. The induction of secretion of 8 suggests IL-18 secretion independent of TLRs.
- Kupffer cells respond to stimulation with LPS or Fas ligand with a membrane phenotype.
- KC 5 ⁇ 10 5 / m 1
- KC 500 ⁇ g m 1 Sp A, 1 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 LPS, or 1 ⁇ 1 O
- m1 as mF as L was measured by ELISA. The results are shown in Table 1.
- total RNA was obtained from KC incubated with SpA for 4 hours, and RT-PCR was performed using this.
- KC of wild-type B6 mice and Kupffer cells were cultured in the presence or absence of SpA at 5 OO ⁇ g / m1 and in the presence of 1 ⁇ g / 1 LPS. Alternatively, each was incubated for 4 hours in the absence.
- the expression levels of mRNA of IL-18, IL-12p40, IL-12p35 and; 3-actin in the extracted total RNA were measured by RT-PCR. The result is shown in FIG. 7D.
- KC neither IL-12p35 nor IL-12p40 was detected.
- RT-PCR against IL-12 was performed using total RNA from KC incubated with SpA for 8 or 16 hours, but none of them was detected.
- IL-12 was also measured with ELISA, but the supernatant of KC stimulated with SpA after 24 hours of incubation contained IL-12p40 or IL-1 2 p 7 ⁇ was not detected.
- Kpf in Kupffer cells constitutively expressed 'IL-18, and the level of expression did not change after stimulation with SpA'. Also, although no data are shown, Kupffer cells did not secrete IL-112 or IL-18 in response to SpA.
- Example 7 Skin lesions in NCZNga mice coated with a mixture of SDS and SpA]
- NC / Nga mice are atopic dermatitis-prone mice that do not develop in SPF but develop when they are moved to a conventional environment.
- SDS or SpA 200 g / day alone was applied to NC / N ga mice alone, the disease did not develop, but when both were mixed and applied to the shaved back of NC / N ga mice, AD Similar skin lesions are observed.
- FIGS. 8A to 8D show the results of skin lesions in NC / Nga mice to which a mixture of 4% SDS and SpA (200 g / day) was applied, together with the results of controls. As shown in Fig. 8C, no onset was observed after 28 days when only 4% SDS was applied, but when a mixture of 4% SDS and S pA (200 ⁇ ⁇ day) was applied, As shown in FIGS. 8B and 8D, AD-like skin lesions were observed 14 days and 28 days later.
- a to D in FIG. 9 show the time course of the skin in NCZN ga mice coated with a mixture of 4% SDS and SpA (200 ig / day) together with the results of the control.
- a to C in FIG. 9 show the results of observing AD-like lesion skin stained with hematoxylin and eosin with a light microscope.
- FIG. 9A shows the observation result at 25 ⁇ magnification
- FIG. 9B shows the observation result at 50 ⁇ magnification
- FIG. 9C shows the observation result at 100 ⁇ magnification.
- Figure 9D shows the results of observation of AD-like lesion skin stained with Alcian blue using an optical microscope. As shown in FIG.
- IL-118 from KC causes a systemic IgE response without exposure to antigen, and this is caused by the serum produced in AD-like inflammatory skin lesions.
- a screening method realized based on the knowledge that it leads to the phenomenon of high-level IgE expression, a method of inducing Aatby dermatitis-like symptoms, and use thereof.
- the present invention demonstrates the importance of IL-18 production from KC induced by microbial stimulation and provides new insights into mechanisms that may be involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases with unknown antigens In addition, it can be effectively used for the development of therapeutic drugs for AD.
- the present invention can be suitably used not only in various pharmaceutical industries and research reagent industries, but also in the medical field. Therefore, the present invention demonstrates the importance of IL-18 production from microbial stimulation and provides new insights into the mechanisms that may be involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases due to unknown antigens. It can be used effectively for the development of therapeutic agents for AD.
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US10/554,301 US20070092448A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-21 | Inhibitor screening method and atopic dermatitis-like symptom inducing method which utilizes induction of production of interleukin 18 by keratinocyte and utilization of same |
AU2004241513A AU2004241513B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-21 | Method of screening inhibitor by using induction of interleukin 18 production by keratinocyte, method of inducing atopic dermatitis-like symptom and utilization of the same |
JP2005506315A JP4335211B2 (ja) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-21 | ケラチノサイトによるインターロイキン18の産生の誘導現象を利用した阻害剤のスクリーニング方法およびその利用 |
CN2004800109935A CN1777807B (zh) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-21 | 利用角质形成细胞产生白介素18诱导现象阻碍剂的筛选方法及筛选试剂盒 |
CA2523297A CA2523297C (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-21 | Inhibitor screening method and atopic dermatitis-like symptom inducing method which utilizes induction of production of interleukin 18 by keratinocyte, and utilization of same |
EP04728686.9A EP1635176B1 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-21 | Method of screening inhibitor by using induction of interleukin 18 production by keratinocyte, method of inducing atopic dermatitis-like symptom and utilization of the same |
US12/499,231 US8293212B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2009-07-08 | Inhibitor screening method and atopic dermatitis like symptom inducing method which utilizes induction of production of interleukin 18 by keratinocyte and utilization of same |
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US12/499,231 Division US8293212B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2009-07-08 | Inhibitor screening method and atopic dermatitis like symptom inducing method which utilizes induction of production of interleukin 18 by keratinocyte and utilization of same |
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PCT/JP2004/005747 WO2004104578A1 (ja) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-21 | ケラチノサイトによるインターロイキン18の産生の誘導現象を利用した阻害剤のスクリーニング方法、およびアトピー性皮膚炎様症状の誘導方法、並びにその利用 |
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Country | Link |
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US (2) | US20070092448A1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1635176B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4335211B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR20060011837A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1777807B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004241513B2 (ja) |
CA (2) | CA2523297C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004104578A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8541240B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2013-09-24 | Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Colorimetric and fluorimetric fluoride sensing |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5520246B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-25 | 2014-06-11 | 株式会社ファンケル | アトピー性皮膚炎の検査方法 |
CN102818878B (zh) * | 2012-06-18 | 2014-11-26 | 辉源生物科技(上海)有限公司 | GHSR1a激动剂药物的筛选方法 |
FR3016170B1 (fr) * | 2014-01-06 | 2020-05-08 | Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetique | Procede d'obtention d'un modele cellulaire ou tissulaire representatif d'une peau fragile |
CN105111300A (zh) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-02 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | 一种促进人角质细胞表达炎症因子IL-1α的方法 |
RU2694223C1 (ru) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-07-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Читинская государственная медицинская академия Министерства здравоохранения российской федерации | Способ прогнозирования риска развития инфекционных осложнений при атопическом дерматите |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2001095710A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-16 | 2001-12-20 | Nakanishi, Kenji | Animal transgenique porteur de caspase 1 |
JP2003038063A (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-12 | Kowa Co | 皮膚炎発症ラット |
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2004
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- 2004-04-21 EP EP04728686.9A patent/EP1635176B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-21 KR KR1020057020134A patent/KR20060011837A/ko active Application Filing
- 2004-04-21 KR KR1020087010777A patent/KR20080049851A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-04-21 AU AU2004241513A patent/AU2004241513B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-04-21 CN CN2004800109935A patent/CN1777807B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-21 CA CA002690035A patent/CA2690035A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-21 WO PCT/JP2004/005747 patent/WO2004104578A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-04-21 EP EP09015379A patent/EP2175270A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-21 US US10/554,301 patent/US20070092448A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2001095710A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-16 | 2001-12-20 | Nakanishi, Kenji | Animal transgenique porteur de caspase 1 |
JP2003038063A (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-12 | Kowa Co | 皮膚炎発症ラット |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
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GRONE, A.: "Keratinocyte and cytokine", VET. IMMUNOL. IMMUNOPATHOL., vol. 88, 2002, pages 1 |
GU, Y.; KUIDA, K.; TSUTSUI, H.; KU, G.; HSIAO, K.; FLEMING, M. A.; HAYASHI, N.; HIGASHINO, K.; OKAMURA, H.; NAKANISHI, K. ET AL.: "Activation of interferon- y inducing factor mediate by interleukin-1 8 converting enzyme", SCIENCE, vol. 275, 1997, pages 206 |
JAMORA, C.; FUCHS, E.: "Intercellular adhesion, signaling and the cytoskeleton", NAT. CELL BIOL., vol. 4, 2002, pages E101 |
KONISHI, H.; TSUTSUI, H.; MURAKAMI, T.; YUMIKURA-FUTATSUGI, S.; YAMANAKA, K.; TANAKA, M.; IWAKURA, Y.; SUZUKI, N.; TAKEDA, K.; AKI: "IL-18 contributes to the spontaneous development of an atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory skin lesion independently of IgE/stat6 under specific pathogen-free conditions", PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA., vol. 99, 2002, pages 11340, XP002378293, DOI: doi:10.1073/pnas.152337799 |
YAMANAKA, K.; TANAKA, M.; TSUTSUI, H.; KUPPER, T. S.; ASAHI, K.; OKAMURA, H.; NAKANISHI, K.; SUZUKI, M.; KAYAGAKI, N.; BLACK, R. A: "Skin-specific caspase-1 transgenic mice show cutaneous apoptosis and pre-endotoxin shock condition with a high serum level of IL-18", J. IMMUNOL., vol. 165, 2000, pages 997, XP002946985 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8541240B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2013-09-24 | Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Colorimetric and fluorimetric fluoride sensing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1635176A4 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
CA2690035A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
AU2004241513B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
US8293212B2 (en) | 2012-10-23 |
EP2175270A1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
EP1635176B1 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
JP4335211B2 (ja) | 2009-09-30 |
CN1777807B (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
CA2523297C (en) | 2010-12-21 |
US20100003194A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
KR20080049851A (ko) | 2008-06-04 |
EP1635176A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
KR20060011837A (ko) | 2006-02-03 |
JPWO2004104578A1 (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
US20070092448A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
AU2004241513A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
CN1777807A (zh) | 2006-05-24 |
CA2523297A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
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