WO2004102064A1 - Source lumineuse - Google Patents

Source lumineuse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004102064A1
WO2004102064A1 PCT/CH2004/000263 CH2004000263W WO2004102064A1 WO 2004102064 A1 WO2004102064 A1 WO 2004102064A1 CH 2004000263 W CH2004000263 W CH 2004000263W WO 2004102064 A1 WO2004102064 A1 WO 2004102064A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
light source
source according
pressure
elements
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH2004/000263
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Staufert
Original Assignee
Lucea Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lucea Ag filed Critical Lucea Ag
Priority to EP04730453A priority Critical patent/EP1623153A1/fr
Publication of WO2004102064A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004102064A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0083—Array of reflectors for a cluster of light sources, e.g. arrangement of multiple light sources in one plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/007—Array of lenses or refractors for a cluster of light sources, e.g. for arrangement of multiple light sources in one plane
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
    • G09F19/22—Advertising or display means on roads, walls or similar surfaces, e.g. illuminated
    • G09F19/228—Ground signs, i.e. display signs fixed on the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V11/00—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00
    • F21V11/08—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00 using diaphragms containing one or more apertures
    • F21V11/14—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00 using diaphragms containing one or more apertures with many small apertures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V15/00—Protecting lighting devices from damage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V15/00—Protecting lighting devices from damage
    • F21V15/005—Measures against vandalism, stealing or tampering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2111/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00
    • F21W2111/06—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00 for aircraft runways or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2121/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for decorative purposes, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
    • F21Y2105/10—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a light source.
  • Light sources are available in a wide variety of designs and for a variety of applications.
  • Light sources for the marking of traffic routes such as, for example, car terraces and runways of airfields are described in the documents WO97 / 44615, US6168294 and US 4,907,361.
  • the described signal lights are installed in depressions, which must be dug out of the surface of the corresponding traffic route for this purpose.
  • the dimensions of these depressions are in the order of 10 to 20 cm in diameter and 5 to 15 cm deep and are therefore essential and expensive construction measures.
  • the signal lights always include light sources such as halogen lamps or a plurality of packaged LED lamps whose light is guided by means of corresponding optical elements so that it emerges substantially in the region of the uppermost cm of the signal lights in the radial direction and in a predetermined angular range. It is obvious that for this purpose the signal lights must extend at least as far beyond the surface of the traffic route that the area radially escaping light is not obscured. In general, they protrude at least 0.5 to 1 cm beyond the surface.
  • Light sources are also used as or for information signs such as escape route markings in buildings. Such signs are now attached without exception to the ceiling or overhead height on the walls of the corresponding building. This is done for reasons of good visibility over long distances. Examples of corresponding signs can be found in practice as well as in the specialist and patent literature almost in unlimited numbers. As an example, the document US 5,988,825 called.
  • Another field of application of light sources is in the field of decorative lighting.
  • white light is emitted as a so-called light curtain substantially in the vertical direction in the room.
  • the corresponding lighting must firstly be provided with relatively expensive "walk-in” cases and secondly they must be installed in existing in the ground, expensive wells.
  • Another field of application of light sources is the use, at least as emergency lighting, but at most as the only lighting in public areas such as pedestrian underpasses, parking garages, etc.
  • Such lights are known to be particularly vulnerable to vandalism and must be with the existing light sources therefore outside the mounted direct reach and / or provided with elaborate impact-resistant covers. At least for reasons of maintenance, but also for design and physiological reasons, it would be desirable to attach these lights at least partially in immediate reach, so for example within the first lower meter of a wall. In some cases even mounting on the floor can be useful.
  • Further applications of light source are of course found in the field of general room lighting and in the field of street lighting. Often, the problem of accommodating the light sources in a way that they are protected, optimized in their effect and arranged visually appealing.
  • a light panel for general room lighting but with a special one-piece reflector body to produce a directivity and light effects shows the German utility model 201 16 022. Also, the illuminated panel disclosed in this document would not be suitable for traffic route marking.
  • the invention is thus based on the idea of providing a light source which, in at least some of the cases mentioned above, brings about improvements over the prior art.
  • the light source should be suitable for different applications and, for example, be easily attachable at suitable locations. It should preferably be inexpensive to produce and install with little effort.
  • the invention offers a completely new approach. It is a flat, thin (total thickness 1 cm or less), in itself pressure-resistant and preferably robust against impact light source available.
  • the light source should be capable of being designed to be robust against environmental influences in some embodiments. In some embodiments, it should have different user-definable spatial light emission and / or light color distribution in different forms.
  • the light source is when it can - without installation in any wells - on given surfaces such as car terraces, runways of airfields, sidewalks, corridors and walls of buildings can be applied without them a major obstacle to wheels rolling over them or creating a risk of tripping or a risk of injury.
  • the light source is at most 1 cm or even at most 0.7 cm, 0.5 cm or 0.4 cm thick and flat, so plate-shaped.
  • the light source is when the alternating load, which is generated, for example, from rolling over them Pneu of trucks or aircraft, or the high local pressures that arise for example when entering the light source with harnesshakigen ladies shoes, at least over the Period of their intended life is able to withstand.
  • the light source is when it can withstand vandalism violent blows carried out, for example, with bottles or similar objects, can withstand such a few blows without significant loss of luminosity he wears. This means at least that it may fail locally, but continues to emit light over a large area.
  • the light source is so gas and water vapor-tight that all components contained in it such as light-generating elements (eg, unpackaged LED chip), electrical connections, optical elements, etc., a high minimum life of, for example 20O00 operating hours respectively.
  • User-definable spatial light emission and light color distribution here means that the light source according to the invention emits its light in such a way:
  • the light in the same defined solid angle perpendicular or at a desired mean inclination to the surface of the light source, said defined solid angle depending on the embodiment, for example, between ⁇ 10 ° to ⁇ 80 °;
  • the light emanates from the light-emitting points of the planar light source in different defined solid angles and distributions;
  • the light in one or more desired color (s) is not uniformly radiated across the areal light source, but forms a particular defined pattern, such as a string of letters;
  • the light leaves the light source through the lateral boundaries of the light source and / or through the upper surface substantially in the lateral direction in a defined solid angle; and / or that, for example, the light leaves the light source not only on one of the two-dimensional sides, but also exits from the lateral surfaces of the light source in the same or different light distribution to both flat sides and / or possibly additionally.
  • the flat, pressure-resistant light source with light-generating elements on a carrier contains a pressure-resistant plate-like element (base element £ ), by means of which pressure acting on the surface of the light source can be derived.
  • this element is designed and arranged such that it protects the light-generating elements at a pressure exerted on the surface, by deriving the pressure locally on the carrier in the vicinity of the light-generating elements. So there are provided over the whole area distributed and, for example, at least 50% of the area covering supporting zones in which the pressure is forwarded directly to the carrier.
  • the light-generating elements are unhoused electroluminescent elements, ie unhoused LEDs or possibly OLEDs.
  • the diameter of the light-generating elements is so small that at least 10 light-generating elements per cm 2 can be attached.
  • the base element accordingly has at least 10 light-generating elements per cm 2 .
  • the base element is essentially flat with a number of "through-holes" corresponding to the task, which penetrate the element in the direction perpendicular to its large surface. whose axis is substantially perpendicular to the large surface of the plate-like element.
  • through-hole is intended to include any type of orifice penetrating the flameproof plate-like member in the indicated direction, often the axis of the orifices will be substantially perpendicular to the large area of the plate-like member, but this does not mean that the orifice Furthermore, it also includes through openings, which take over the function of an optically active element, for example as a diaphragm or as a light guide or as a concave mirror According to simple embodiments, the through holes are simple cylindrical holes, the base element thus a perforated plate.
  • the term should also include openings filled with material, these filling materials generally being optically transparent materials whose surfaces are at most shaped so that-in the sense of lenses and / or deflecting elements-they are optically effective
  • the filling of the through-holes is designed such that the surface of the filling, at least by a few hundredths of a mm, lies below the upper edge of the actual through-hole.
  • carrier encompasses any structures which carry the light-emitting elements
  • the carrier does not have to be homogeneous, but may consist of a plurality of, for example at least partially foil-like components.
  • the base element is designed so that the sum of the load-bearing zones, for example, more than 70%, usually at least 50% of the total area and the load-bearing zones evenly distributed over the entire area are available.
  • the unhoused electroluminescent elements are each arranged near the central axis of said through-holes on the side of the base element facing away from the pressure effect.
  • LED chip Uncased light-emitting diodes
  • OLED organic light-emitting diodes
  • the dimensions of said LED chip are on the order of about 0.3x0.3x0.3 mm.
  • the possibly very thin carrier is provided according to a preferred embodiment with the necessary electrical conductive structures to the To be able to contact light-generating elements electrically.
  • the electrical contacting is usually carried out by a so-called diebond, which firstly attaches the chip to the carrier and secondly creates a first electrical contact, and by a so-called wire bond from the upper chip surface to a corresponding Contact point of the support plate leads.
  • diebond so-called diebond
  • wire bond from the upper chip surface to a corresponding Contact point of the support plate leads.
  • Diebondes only one attachment of the chip, while the electrical contacting is done with two wire bonds.
  • the attachment and contacting of the light-generating elements on the carrier can also be effected by means of other methods which are well known from the field of semiconductor chip mounting, such as, for example, the known flip-chip method.
  • This method has the advantage that no wire bonds are needed, but the chips are contacted and fixed directly by means of so-called solder bumps. This brings in addition to a in many cases increased reliability, the advantage that overall a lower height and width.
  • solder bumps a variant of the known glass flip-chip technique is advantageously used.
  • As the carrier an optically transparent material is used on the optically transparent electrically conductive tracks and bond pads are present, which were prepared for example by means of a structured ITO layer.
  • the LED chip provided, for example, with known stud bumps-in principle short torn off bond wires-are bonded with their light-emitting side to the transparent carrier prepared in this way.
  • the following so-called underfill process In filling the air gap between the LED chip and the transparent support, it is necessary to carry out a transparent material suitable in its viscosity for this purpose.
  • a transparent material suitable in its viscosity for this purpose, for example, a corresponding silicone gel is suitable.
  • One or more of the thin contacted with the electrically contacted LED chip thin carrier plates are connected to the side facing away from pressure and in the bearing zones of the base member with the same, for example by means of a gluing, soldering or riveting.
  • the thin support should be constructed so that it, where it is connected to the supporting zones of the base member, take over the pressures transmitted there and can derive, for example, to the ground below the inventive flat, robust light source.
  • the necessary compressive strength is usually given already in the known printed circuit boards for electronic components, so that in a simple version of the known so-called chip on board (COB) technology can be used.
  • COB chip on board
  • the carrier in cases in which the light source according to the invention is equipped with a large number of light-generating elements, for example with 16 or 25 LED chips per cm 2, it is essential that the thin support dissipates heat as well as possible, at least local compressive strength .
  • the carrier it is advantageous to construct the carrier so that it has a metallic carrier foil or plate which has a thin electrically insulating layer, for example a plastic layer some tens of microns thick, but better a 0.5 to 1 micron thin Silicon oxide or silicon nitride layer or a correspondingly thin, for example by means of sol-gel method applied glass or ceramic layer.
  • insulating layer On this, possibly locally open insulating layer is a next, structured metallic layer, which - possibly with the inclusion of the lower metallic carrier film - allows the electrical contacting of the LED chip.
  • the thin carrier it is - in the sense of the overall structure of the inventive light source - of great advantage if the stocked with LED chip carrier against the influence of water vapor, aggressive gases and chemicals is protected. This can be done, for example, by applying a so-called passivation layer by means of a plasma process.
  • the advantages of the light source according to the invention are evident.
  • the light source is so robust in itself that no additional housing is necessary. It is still so flat that they do not exceed a project beyond the surface of a traffic route of, for example, 0.5 to 1 cm. And finally, it contains all the necessary optical elements that produce a light distribution corresponding to the described signal lights.
  • This means that the light source according to the invention can normally be applied directly to the surface of the corresponding traffic route without additional elements and without the excavation of depressions, for example by means of gluing or by screwing.
  • the flat and inherently flameproof light source without significant structural measures - even later - be fixed to the ground or deep to the walls without the disadvantages described above occur.
  • the light emission from the light source with, for example, green light takes place in this case, of course, so that a meaningful sequence of letters and characters is created.
  • An optical structure suitable for this purpose is, for example, one which corresponds to that of the previously known so-called wobbly images.
  • the here at best circular designed light source When used as a decorative lighting, the here at best circular designed light source, without additional structural measures - possibly even later - be fixed to the floor.
  • the light source according to the invention may for example be designed so that it emits its light at a desired oblique angle to its surface and rotatably mounted about its vertical axis on the ground, which can be adjusted with some such light sources diverse light distributions.
  • the advantage of the flat and inherently pressure-resistant, robust light source according to the invention is also clearly recognizable for the field of application of lighting in public zones.
  • the light source is constructed so that it can withstand many violent blows with blunt objects, and that when maltreated with pointed striking tools it only fails locally and continues to emit light over a large area. This is important if vandalism has to be feared.
  • it is so shallow that it can be used without additional structural measures and Without any risk of injury - even at a later date - can be mounted directly on the corresponding walls.
  • it can be designed, for example, in their spatial light emission behavior so that their light emerging from the large surface is radiated, for example, at a shallow angle only in the direction of the ground and thus no glare arises.
  • the invention also relates generally to an actively illuminating traffic route marking element, which is configured such that it can be rolled over or walked on as a whole. It has a large number of unhoused electroluminescent elements, for example LEDs or OLEDs, and is pressure-resistant and flat. It is directly on a surface or in a flat milled one Street or track can be introduced, its total thickness is not greater than 1 cm, preferably 5 mm. An optically effective additional element may be formed so that light is emitted in a particularly favorable, selected angle; appropriate options will be discussed below.
  • an actively illuminating traffic route marking element which is configured such that it can be rolled over or walked on as a whole. It has a large number of unhoused electroluminescent elements, for example LEDs or OLEDs, and is pressure-resistant and flat. It is directly on a surface or in a flat milled one Street or track can be introduced, its total thickness is not greater than 1 cm, preferably 5 mm. An optically effective additional element may be
  • the feature of compressive strength is to be discussed and the maximum pressure to be absorbed by the flat, robust light source quantified.
  • Pressure resistant in the context of the invention, the light source when the alternating load, which is generated, for example, from rolling over them Pneu of trucks or aircraft, or the high local pressures that arise for example when entering the light source with harnesshakigen women's shoes, over the period their intended life is able to withstand.
  • the load is about the same size.
  • the most extreme stress which is to be taken over by the light source according to the invention and additional measures can be expected from ladies with high-heeled shoes. Assuming a weight of 100 kg and a sales area of about 10x10 mm, a pressure of 10 N / mm 2 is generated in moments in which the entire weight rests on a shoulder, which acts on a local area of only 1 cm in size.
  • the base element should therefore not deform significantly plastically or elastically at an applied pressure of up to 10 N / mm 2 .
  • the compressive strength is preferably somewhat higher, for example at least three times or five times this value.
  • the approach according to the invention is readily suitable.
  • the light-generating elements can emit their light in all directions from the light source according to the invention.
  • the construction according to the invention allows this without further ado:
  • the first mentioned construction variant of the thin support can be modified so that glass or a transparent plastic such as PMMA used as a supporting element and a transparent adhesive is used to fasten the light-generating elements (eg LED chips).
  • a transparent plastic such as PMMA used as a supporting element
  • a transparent adhesive is used to fasten the light-generating elements (eg LED chips).
  • a further variant of the thin carrier is also possible, which allows the LED chip to radiate its light freely in all directions. For this, nothing else is necessary, as to provide the thin carrier there with holes, where later the LED chip should be.
  • auxiliary film is first attached to the underside of the thin carrier. This auxiliary film is used to attach the LED chips This can be done, for example, with an optically transparent silicone gel, which only minimally adheres to the auxiliary foil, and then the LED chip is electrically contacted by wire bonds and fixed in a next step a mechanical stabilization takes place in the area of the LED chip and the nearby edge of the thin support, a thin as possible, the optical requirements sufficient plastic layer, so for example a suitable silicone gel, is applied.
  • the auxiliary film can now be removed , Now that the arrangement of the light-generating elements is described relative to the pressure-resistant, plate-like element, can be returned to the already indicated optical function of the through holes and the resulting minimum thickness of this element.
  • the light-generating elements for example, LED chip
  • the light-generating elements in very dense arrangement, so for example at least 10 or 16 to 25 chip per cm 2 , may be present, and since also the proportion of through holes on the total area usually does not exceed 50% should, in preferred embodiments, the largest diameter of the through holes should not exceed a value of 1 to a maximum of 2.5 mm.
  • an LED chip with a light-emitting surface of, for example, only 0.2 ⁇ 0.2 mm no longer behaves as a punctiform light source, but as a planar radiator. Each point of this two-dimensional radiator emits - as a rule - its light almost uniformly within a solid angle of ⁇ 80 °.
  • the light source should be able to emit tightly focused light, for example at a solid angle of only ⁇ 10 °, for many embodiments it makes sense to make the through holes such that they bring about concentration of the light at a solid angle of, for example, ⁇ 20 ° , A further concentration and / or change of the spatial radiation can then be taken over by an additional element described later. But it is also possible to make the through holes so that they make in addition to a concentration of the solid angle to, for example, ⁇ 20 °, a deflection of the light by, for example, 20 ° and so the light emission takes place substantially in an angular range, the central beam one Angles of about 70 ° to the lateral extent of the pressure-resistant, plate-like element.
  • the light-generating elements are to be regarded as flat radiators, the tangent of the minimum exit angle of the light from the light-emitting element facing away from the through holes first given by the chip width divided by the height of the through hole. This minimum radiation angle can not be reduced even with the most expensive optical aids. If the through hole is completely or partially filled with an optically transparent material which has a refractive index n> 1, this minimum exit angle is increased in accordance with the laws of optics (it is hereby pronounced of Snell's law of refraction).
  • the height of the through-hole must be correspondingly increased or the through-hole must be filled with an optically transparent material with refractive index> 1, and this optical material must be shaped in the area of the virtual surface of the through-hole so that the central rays - and with them all other rays according to - be redirected into the vertical.
  • the surface of the optical material must be either as a continuous, advantageously aspähharinik lens, or as appropriate Fresnel lens may be formed or provided with corresponding diffractive structures.
  • the through-hole obviously acts as an aperture, which blocks out all rays that do not lead directly to the virtual surface.
  • the limitation of the exiting light reaches a defined small solid angle, but at the cost of high light loss, which is the more serious, the smaller the desired exit angle. This is often unacceptable.
  • the surface of the through hole is therefore usually formed as well as possible mirroring.
  • this specular surface In order for this specular surface to redirect the rays emerging flatly out of the light-generating element at a significantly narrower solid angle to the virtual surface of the through-hole, they must be in the form of a mirror with a parabolic cross-section. For simplicity, for example, if it has the shape of a truncated cone opening upwards, corresponding losses of light must be accepted.
  • the pressure-resistant, plate-like element is also possible to make the pressure-resistant, plate-like element about 2 to 4 mm thick, so that without further additional elements a concentration of is ensured from the through holes exiting light to, for example, ⁇ 10 °.
  • the necessary for the concentration of light optical elements can be designed so that at the same time a deflection of the light to, for example, about 20 °.
  • the through-holes are “multistage.”
  • the filling of the through holes with optical material so that several layers of optical material with different refractive indices follow each other.
  • the transitions can therefore, for example, be designed as lens-like and / or deflecting zones in such a way that the overall result is an optimum distribution of light.
  • the multi-stage nature of the via holes may be due to a corresponding sequence of layers of optical material be combined with different refractive indices so that a further improvement of the light distribution results.
  • the said fillings of the through holes with optical material remain substantially stress-free even with a mechanical load of the light source according to the invention.
  • This fact substantially extends the choice of available optical materials.
  • also permanently viscous materials such as certain silicones, which, while permanently retaining a certain defined shape under their own weight, would be deformed with little additional mechanical stress.
  • the advantages of such materials can be manifold: firstly they have good optical properties, secondly they are resistant to very high temperatures (at least 250 ° C), thirdly they are water- or water vapor-proof and fourthly they produce, thanks to their viscosity, Even with mechanical and / or thermal deformation of the inventive light source no mechanical stresses on the light-generating elements and their electrical contacts.
  • the preparation of the pressure-resistant, plate-like and provided with corresponding through holes base element can be done using plastics by the known injection molding method or by another known or newly developed method and therefore needs no further description.
  • plastics by the known injection molding method or by another known or newly developed method and therefore needs no further description.
  • the material is a "metallically filled" and weakly electrically conductive plastic is used.
  • the use of such a plastic has the further advantage that within this material a substantially increased heat conduction takes place, which causes the heat emitted by numerous light-generating elements to be rapidly transported away to the surface of the light source according to the invention.
  • Another possibility is to produce the pressure-resistant, plate-like element, for example by means of the likewise known aluminum die casting process or another metal casting process.
  • This variant has the advantage of even higher pressure and especially alternating strength, a significantly increased heat dissipation and a surface which is already well reflective and whose efficiency is already sufficient in a large number of cases. If a higher efficiency of the mirror surfaces is required, this can be achieved, for example, by means of galvanically grown - and smoothing - additional metal layers.
  • optically transparent material whose outwardly facing surfaces additionally optically acting, so for example lenticular, can be designed, can be done in different ways.
  • a first possibility is first to combine the pressure-resistant, plate-like elements, which are provided with empty through-holes, with the thin support carrying the light-generating elements and electrically contacted in the regions of the supporting zones, for example by means of gluing or soldering. Thereafter, the through holes can be filled as high as desired, for example by means of doctoring or by means of multi-local casting with the desired optical material, for example with a suitable silicone gel or with PMMA.
  • the still easily deformable optical material can be brought into the desired optically effective form, for example by means of reshaping or stamping on its surface.
  • the shape thus produced is then solidified at least to the extent that it can not change under its own weight.
  • a second possibility is to fill the through-holes of the pressure-resistant, plate-like element before combining it with the thin support carrying the light-generating elements with the desired optical material and to form optically effective the surfaces of this material.
  • This procedure has the advantage that the two elements can be tested completely independently of each other.
  • the procedure for filling can be essentially the same as described above.
  • the second approach has the disadvantage that the combination of the two components mentioned several times, namely first the pressure-resistant, plate-like with now already filled through holes provided element with secondly the light-emitting elements bearing thin carrier is not quite trivial: the light-generating elements and these contacting wire bonds must be able to be guided in their full thickness in the through holes, which means that they must not be filled with optical material on the appropriate side so far, without endangering the LED chip and the sensitive wire bonds can take place. If now the two components are connected to one another in the area of the supporting zones without any further measures, an airspace is created around the optically active elements and their wire bonds. This is not desirable for two reasons.
  • the wire bonds oscillate freely at the slightest movement of the inventive light source, which usually means a significant reduction in the life of the bond and secondly, a direct coupling of light from LED chip into the air because of the high refractive indices of the chip materials, with respect the optical efficiency extremely bad.
  • the combination of the two components must therefore be done so that there is a replenishment of said airspace.
  • various simple solutions to the problem have been found, one of which is described here.
  • the through-holes of the component 1 are in the area where later the light-generating elements and their wire bonds should find space designed so that a much larger not a priori filled volume is present.
  • the light-generating elements and their wire bonds are first surrounded on the thin carrier with a drop of optically active material, which is in its viscosity so that it can be freely deformed at low pressure, but in absence of a external load assumes a substantially spherical surface.
  • the amount of optical material around each photogenerating element is sized so that, when combined with component 1 now, it not only completely fills the optically effective portion of the through-holes but also fills a small amount of excess material "laterally" into the larger unfilled volume In this way, a complete filling of the optical path is ensured, and the air spaces remaining in said additional volume do not interfere with the function of the light source according to the invention.
  • this additional element must be constructed in such a way that the compressive strength of the overall structure is maintained.
  • the additional element in terms of area at least in the region of a sufficiently large part of the load-bearing zones of the pressure-resistant, plate-like and provided with corresponding through holes base element also having bearing area. This part is sufficiently large if the pressures resulting from a load on the overall structure do not exceed the permissible loads for the load-bearing material in any region of the two elements mentioned. In the spaces between these bearing zones then optical elements may be present that would not directly withstand the pressures discussed.
  • the supporting regions of the additional element can be integrated into or formed by the base element, ie the additional element consist of only a plurality of optically active elements in intermediate spaces.
  • the light source according to the invention is loaded with recurrent pressures of the order of magnitude of 1.5 N / mm 2 but not with hard impacts, ie, for example, when installed on runways of airfields, it is possible to construct the additional element completely from corresponding optically transparent material , In some applications of the inventive surface and robust light source, it makes sense to protect the thin carrier and the light-generating elements from both sides.
  • the lower edges of the through holes of the base element i. the edges of the optically acting surfaces of the base element, in the smallest possible distance, so for example at a distance of 10 to 100 microns, are arranged around the light-emitting surface of the light-generating elements around.
  • auxiliary holes also or only in the region of the supporting zones of the inventive light source are present, they bring a further functional advantage. They can be used as holes for hard attachment of the inventive light source to the substrate. If, for example, nail-like structures with flat heads are shot in sufficient quantity by means of a corresponding shot apparatus through the auxiliary holes in the pad that press the heads of the nail-like structure on the upper side of the pressure-resistant zones of the inventive light source, resulting in a high thrust and Tensile forces resisting connection between the base and the light source according to the invention.
  • the light source according to the invention can be loaded with very high additional forces, such as shearing and / or peeling forces, in cases such as when driving over the blade of a snow plow.
  • additional forces such as shearing and / or peeling forces
  • this and similar cases can be easily remedied.
  • an attachment by means of nails guided by the described auxiliary holes is able to withstand said forces, if the nails in a sufficient number near the edge, and possibly also in reduced density in the interior of the surface, the inventive light source available.
  • the light source according to the invention can be mounted in a flat, and thus inexpensive producible, cut in the supporting surface, whereby an action of said additional forces can be excluded.
  • the light source according to the invention can For example, be protected by very high loads usually additional buffer elements are protected, which are mounted at a small distance so in the area of the inventive light source, that said shear forces generating objects are passed over the inventive light source away.
  • additional buffer elements are protected, which are mounted at a small distance so in the area of the inventive light source, that said shear forces generating objects are passed over the inventive light source away.
  • the electrical contacting of the inventive surface, robust light source has not been discussed. However, since the contacting point (s) and the corresponding electrical conductors should not be higher than the light source itself, but should preferably be rather shallower, this poses a serious task, but it can be solved relatively easily.
  • the light source according to the invention is operated with electrical voltages of less than 48 volts, thanks to the use of said light-generating elements, that is to say, for example, of LEDs or OLEDs.
  • said light-generating elements that is to say, for example, of LEDs or OLEDs.
  • the legislature requires no external insulation of the electrical conductors, which allows a much simpler structure.
  • the carrier carrying and electrically contacting the photogenerating elements is typically constructed so as to be very thin, i. For example, thinner than 1 mm, often even thinner than 0.5 mm and that secondly on its top and bottom each have large, over its entire width or length reaching metallic surfaces, which are suitable for electrical contact to the outside.
  • thinner than 1 mm often even thinner than 0.5 mm and that secondly on its top and bottom each have large, over its entire width or length reaching metallic surfaces, which are suitable for electrical contact to the outside.
  • “across the entire width or length” does not mean that the metallic surfaces must be completely covering.
  • This flat conductor is, for example, at least three-layered in such a way that it consists of two metallic foils which are electrically separated from one another by means of a corresponding layer but mechanically connected to one another.
  • a preferably abrasion-resistant and electrically insulating layer which is the metal protects against corrosive influences.
  • the metallic foils are made of aluminum, a thin anodizing layer, ie an aluminum oxide layer, is used as protection on all sides, but at least on the outer side.
  • other and / or additional protective layers are possible, such as about 100 micron thick films made of PE or PET possible, for example, are laminated on the outside of the metallic films.
  • the example of copper or - cost-effective - made of aluminum metallic foils must be selected in their thickness and width so that they can transport the required electrical power. Since the inventive surface, robust light source with increasing number of light-generating elements, i. With increasing demand for electrical power at least in a lateral dimension is getting bigger, and since the mentioned flat conductor may be as wide as the larger lateral dimension of the inventive light source, it poses no problem, the flat conductor with a maximum thickness of about 1 mm build.
  • connection between such a or similar flat conductor and the light source according to the invention can take place as follows:
  • the carrier holding the light-generating elements protrudes at least at one edge of the light source according to the invention so far beyond the pressure-resistant base element that the two metallic surfaces to be contacted from outside are sufficiently free to - depending on the application - an electrical transition with sufficiently small contact resistance and with sufficient to enable greater reliability and service life.
  • the flat conductor is treated at its end in such a way that the electrically insulating and mechanically connecting layer is no longer present to some extent and that the metallic foils are bare on their inner surfaces.
  • the zone prepared in this way must be so deep that the two metallic conductor layers are pushed above and below over the layers to be contacted of the light source according to the invention and can be fixed there by means of soldering or gluing with an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • an electrical connection produced in this way also has a sufficiently high reliability and service life if, for example, it is mounted on a traffic route without further measures and is burdened, for example, with salt water and exhaust fumes, etc. over long periods of time.
  • an additional protection, for example, these edges can be achieved in a simple manner by spraying or pouring one of the specially available for these purposes commercially available plastic.
  • connection between the inventive light source and flat conductor may be provided with a water vapor and gas-tight enclosure.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by enveloping the light source according to the invention with the soldered flat conductor by means of the known plasma polymerization process with a thin - ie a maximum of a few ⁇ m thick - PTFE-like, water-repellent and extremely well-adhering layer, for example.
  • the resulting connection point between the flat conductor and the light source according to the invention becomes at most as thick as the light source according to the invention itself.
  • the flat conductor which has at least the compressive strength of the inventive light source thanks to the described construction, can be performed over long distances, for example, also over traffic routes, without being an obstacle for wheels or feet.
  • other conventional power supplies are conceivable.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic oblique view of the pressure-resistant base member and the light-generating elements containing carrier.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematic sections through two variants of the pressure-resistant base element and of the carrier which contains the light-generating elements.
  • 3a to 3h schematically show different embodiments of through holes through the pressure-resistant base member.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically a variant of the embodiment of the light-generating elements containing carrier.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic oblique view of the pressure-resistant base element, of the support which contains the light-generating elements, and of an additional element with optical elements for shaping the light distribution.
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically different embodiments of optical elements of an additional element with optical elements for reshaping the light distribution.
  • Fig. 7 shows schematic sections through a variant of the pressure-resistant base element and the thin carrier, which allows attachment between these two elements by means of positive locking.
  • Fig. 8 shows schematically a view of a further embodiment of the inventive light source.
  • Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of a section of a pressure-resistant flat base element 1, with through holes 2 and guide holes 3a.
  • the pressure-resistant base element 1 is for example an injection molded part made of epoxy resin.
  • the resin may be filled with metal powder, wherein the proportion of metal powder, for example, about 50%.
  • An additional advantage achieved by such a metal admixture is improved thermal conductivity of the resin.
  • the resin may be filled with fibers such as carbon fibers or glass fibers, if need be in addition to a proportion of metal powder.
  • fibers such as carbon fibers or glass fibers, if need be in addition to a proportion of metal powder.
  • the orientations of the individual fibers of this fiber reinforcement in the present case of a random distribution, which can be achieved by a simple mixing process.
  • the pressure-resistant base element 1 can also be produced by means of die-casting, in which case a metal alloy is used, for example, based on aluminum, zinc, magnesium or copper.
  • the thickness of the sketched in the example of Figure 1 base element 1 is for example 1 to 5 mm.
  • the smallest diameter of the here conically sketched Through holes 2 is for example 0.3 to 1 mm, the largest diameter, for example, 0.5 to 2 mm.
  • the through-holes are arranged in the example of Figure 1 in square groups of eight, which are each separated by a zone without through holes from each other.
  • the dimension of such a group of eight is for example 3x3 to 10x10 mm.
  • the width of the zones without through holes is for example 1 to 5 mm.
  • guide holes 3a are arranged in the respective center and peripherally to the vertices of the eight groups, which in the assembly of base member 1 with the support member 5 - as discussed below - plays an important role.
  • the base element 1 may have channel-like depressions 4. These channel-like depressions run along the central axes of the zones without through-holes. Their function is multiple: First, they can - as discussed below - in the assembly of base element 1 with the support member 5 play an important role. Second, they represent predetermined bending and / or breaking points, which make it possible to bend the planar and robust light source according to the invention after completion in one direction. Thirdly, they facilitate a possible severing of the planar and robust light source according to the invention after completion in sections.
  • the channel-like depressions and, if present, the guide holes they are in places where tensions would be greatest if they were bent, if they were not present) so in addition to the separability also allow a Three-Dimensional Deformability: By separating desired pieces and then selectively bending, a variety of 3-dimensional entities can be created, for example, a light source that can be fitted into a corner. Another important application of 3D-deformed light sources are car lights adapted to the body shape, for example.
  • the light-generating elements 6 are arranged in the sketched representation on the carrier element 5 such that in each case the mid-perpendicular to the light-emitting surface of the light-generating element coincides with the central axis of a through-hole 2 of the base element 1.
  • the light-generating elements 6 are sketched as an LED chip with, for example, the dimensions 0.2x0.2x0.2 to 0.5x0.5x0.5 mm.
  • the carrier element 5 has, for example, a three-layer structure: a first continuous layer 5a consists for example of a 0.1 mm thick copper alloy.
  • a second layer 5b is, for example, a 0.025 mm thick insulation layer made of a suitable polymer, which separates the first and the third layer 5a and 5c electrical and mechanically connects.
  • the second layer 5b may be constructed of a much thinner electrically insulating material.
  • Another alternative is to realize the second layer 5b by means of a likewise only 0.1 to 01 ⁇ m thick silicon oxide or a silicon-oxy-nitride layer.
  • the third layer 5c which in turn is electrically conductive, consists for example of a 0.05 mm thick copper alloy.
  • the second and the third layer 5b and 5c have openings 7 through which the LED chip 6 can be fixed and contacted with its, a first electrical contact-containing rear side by means of conductive adhesive or by means of solder on the layer 5a.
  • the second electrical contact of the LED chip 6 is connected by means of a wire bond 8 with the third layer 5c.
  • an electrical parallel connection of all light-generating elements are also possible, which allow, for example, groups of 8 light-generating elements to be electrically connected in series and these series groups to be electrically parallel.
  • FIG. 2a shows the schematic diagram of a cross section through a base element 21 and a carrier 25, which correspond to those shown in FIG. Thanks to the manufacturing method - an advanced printed circuit board technology - of the light generating elements 26 having carrier 25, it is no great effort within the same over relatively large areas, for example, 50x100cm to maintain a relative positional accuracy of the light-generating element of, for example ⁇ 5 microns.
  • the narrowest diameters of the through holes 22, which are to be found in the light-generating elements 26, must be at least 120 to 150 ⁇ m larger than the diagonal dimension of the light-generating elements and that with a misposition between the optical axis of a light-generating element 26 and the center axis of the corresponding through-hole 22 of up to 60 microns must be expected. This is highly undesirable.
  • FIG. 2 b outlines a remedy that is simple and inexpensive to implement.
  • the flat and pressure-resistant base element is divided here into island-like subgroups 27 with the aid of the channel-like depressions 24a and with cut or break lines 24b, which are aligned in each case exactly by means of the guide holes 23 to a corresponding subgroup of light-generating elements 26.
  • the procedure is as follows:
  • the flat, pressure-resistant base element 21 is produced as a whole over a large area. Before being joined to a carrier element 25 of corresponding size, it is fixed over its entire surface, for example by means of negative pressure, on a machining and assembly tool.
  • a next step for example by means of a punching tool, by means of breaking or by means of laser cutting, it is severed into the subgroups 27 mentioned in such a way that these subgroups maintain their position on the processing and assembly tool.
  • the support member 25 with the light generating elements 26 as a whole put on an auxiliary tool, which has at least two of the positions per group of eight which correspond to the guide holes 23, a conically tapered up, exact auxiliary mandrel.
  • the described procedure obviously has the effect that the individual subgroups 27 of the flat, pressure-resistant base element 21 can each align individually with the auxiliary mandrels and thus with the corresponding subgroups of light-generating elements 26 of the carrier element 25. Since these subgroups are relatively small as described above, it is not a problem within these subgroups to maintain a relative positional accuracy of the individual via holes of less than ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, thus reducing the maximum expected positional error between light-generating elements 26 and through-holes 22 to 10 ⁇ m , This is good enough.
  • the production costs remain very low.
  • the light source according to the invention thanks to the subgroups 27 located very close to one another, remains just as pressure-resistant and robust as with a base element 21 not divided into subgroups 27.
  • the light source according to the invention can be spatially, i. to shell-like bodies, to be deformed.
  • the entire subgroups 27 remain as flat structures, while the thin carrier 25 is plastically deformed in the intermediate zones. The deformation process can thus be carried out so far that the carrier element 25 is not destroyed in the plastically deformed intermediate zones.
  • the light source according to the invention is substantially less sensitive to high temperatures, which occur due to a dense arrangement of light-generating elements 26. If the pressure-resistant flat base element 21 is not made of the same material as the metallic layers of the carrier element 25-and this is usually the case-then at a non-subdivided base element 21 at very high temperatures, a very high thermal expansion would result in very high tensile forces. or compressive stresses between base element 21 and carrier element 25 occur, which would possibly lead to a drastic reduction in the lifetime of the inventive light source. Thanks to the division into relatively small subgroups 27, these effects are minimized to such an extent that they are irrelevant.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3h show sections through exemplary different ones
  • Auslessnessgungsnicen the optically effective through holes 32 through the pressure-resistant base member 31.
  • an optically effective through hole according to the invention of at least two components, namely an optically effective through-opening 32a and an optically active and - in the wavelength range of the radiated light from the light-emitting elements 36 - optically transparent filling 32b.
  • FIG. 3a shows the simple case of an at least approximately cylindrical passage opening 32a and an optically transparent filling 32b.
  • the optically transparent filling has a continuously spherically or aspherically shaped surface.
  • the optical function of this surface shape can also be realized by means of a fresnel-like or provided with corresponding diffractive patterns surface. It goes without saying that the shape of the surface can be a flat surface in extreme cases.
  • the at least almost cylindrical passage opening 32a shown in FIG. 3a is particularly simple for reasons of manufacturability.
  • a large number of the passage openings 32a can each be produced simultaneously by means of a very cost-effective punching process. If this punching operation is carried out in a possible somewhat more elaborate variant so that a simultaneous pressing and / or rubbing process takes place, surfaces can be produced which have good surfaces in the sense of a mirror.
  • the at least almost cylindrical passage openings 32a can also be produced by means of a die casting or die casting process.
  • the optical function of such an at least almost cylindrical passage opening depends on the nature of its surface structure. In a diffuse - at most black - surface, the almost cylindrical passage opening acts as a diaphragm, which hides all light outside a certain solid angle.
  • the tangent of this maximum solid angle below which in this case light emerges from the passage opening 32a is obviously given by the ratio of cylinder radius to cylinder height. If, for example, the cylinder radius is 0.5 mm and the cylinder height corresponding to the thickness of the pressure-resistant base element is 2 mm, this results in a maximum exit angle of approximately ⁇ 14 °. Of course, such a limitation of the exit angle is paid in this case by enormous light losses.
  • LED chip are used as light-generating elements 36, they give their light almost uniformly within a solid angle of about ⁇ 80 ° and acting as a blend almost cylindrical passage opening 32a destroys all light in the solid angle range between ⁇ 14 ° to ⁇ 80 ° , In the case of a reflecting surface of the passage opening 32a, the light emitted in the solid angle range between ⁇ 14 ° and ⁇ 80 ° also reaches the upper surface of the transparent filling 32b, where it emerges in a solid angle which depends on the shape of this surface - is between about ⁇ 60 ° to ⁇ 90 °.
  • FIG. 3b shows the somewhat more complex case of a conically formed passage opening 32a.
  • a different manufacturing method must be selected.
  • a punching / pressing operation can be used, which is carried out such that first a through-hole is punched with the diameter of the smallest cone opening and then a pressing process takes place in the same stroke, which produces the conicity of the through-opening 32a.
  • the injection or pressure casting method must be used.
  • FIG. 3b With regard to the optical effect of the example sketched in FIG. 3b, reference can be made to the considerations made with respect to FIG. 3a.
  • an exit angle increased corresponding to the opening angle of the cone.
  • a reflecting surface significantly smaller exit angles (about ⁇ 50 °) and a better optical efficiency than in the case 3a can be achieved.
  • a pressure-resistant base element 31 having such passage openings 32a is preferably produced by means of injection molding or diecasting.
  • This coating step may, for example, be a galvanic deposition of one or more metal layers, which is preferably carried out so that at the same time a smoothing of the surface takes place.
  • the coating step can be - if necessary in combination with previous galvanic steps - but also in a vacuum performed sputtering or sputtering process.
  • the optical function of the reflecting surface of the passage opening 32a formed in accordance with FIG. 3c is clear. It should be bundled as large a proportion of the light emitted from the light-emitting element 36 light in a solid angle, which is smaller than that which can be reached with a conical passage opening. Depending on the height of the passage opening, solid angles down to ⁇ 10 ° can be achieved in this way.
  • a through-hole 32a is sketched, which has the approximate shape of a two-stage parabolic mirror.
  • This two-stage parabolic shape is coupled to a filling of the passage opening 32a at which the filling level of a first optically transparent material 32c, for example with a high refractive index of 1.6 or higher, for example, corresponds to the height of the first nearly parabolic step of the passage opening 32a and at which is the remaining height of the through hole 32a, at least partially filled with an optically transparent material 32b having, for example, a lower refractive index of, for example, 1.3 to 1.6.
  • a suitably designed multi-stage mold can also be selected.
  • the optical function of a through-hole 32 made in this way is as follows: Since the surface of the LED chip usually has a very high refractive index (2.5 to 4), the high refractive index of the first one can Fill region 32c a significantly increased proportion of light from the surface of the LED chip 36 are coupled out. Since optically transparent materials with a high refractive index are generally very expensive, it is for this reason that it is impossible to fill the entire passage opening with this material.
  • the second advantage of a two-stage filling is that the enlargement of the exit angle which occurs by optical refraction at the exit from the optically highly refracting material 32c, by means of the two-stage parabolic shape of the passage opening 32 a can be largely compensated, so that at the exit from the optical lower refractive material 32b possibly desired small exit angle can be maintained.
  • FIG. 3e the example of an oblique passage opening 32a is sketched, which has the approximate shape of an oblique parabolic mirror.
  • the parabolic shape could be replaced by a corresponding multi-stage parabolic or an oblique cylindrical or conical shape.
  • the optical function of such a through-hole formed is that the light emerges in a solid angle range which is inclined relative to the vertical with respect to the lugs 3a to 3d by a certain amount, for example 10 ° to 30 °.
  • a variant is outlined in which, for example, roughly punched through hole 32a does not perform any optical function, but only protective function.
  • the filling 32b with optically transparent material takes place here so that, irrespective of the quality of the surface of the passage opening 32a, a substantially cylindrical body with a spherical or aspherical shape arises at the upper end, in which the light is transported by total reflection to the lens-like end of the filling 32b becomes where it exits in a defined solid angle range.
  • the passage opening has, similar to FIG. 3c, a parabolic-mirror-like shape and, for example, is likewise coated in a reflective manner.
  • Fig. 3c it is not almost completely filled with transparent material, but instead there is only a droplet 32d ("globe top") made of a transparent material which shields the LED and deflects light, for example, the drop may be made of silicone and fills less than 30% of the passage opening.
  • transparent material 32b for example likewise silicone or, for example, a curable material-fills transparent material - the passage opening only partially.
  • the section-wise parabolic-mirror-like course of the reflective opening surface is adapted accordingly: since the light is refracted away from the optical axis at the interface between the transparent material and the air, the opening angle at the location of the optically thinner medium (the air) must be greater; so that reflected radiation is collimated.
  • the opening surface thus has a first portion 39a and a second portion 39b at a greater angle than the first portion.
  • the surface of the transparent material 32b coincides approximately with the transition between the first and second portions.
  • the surface of the transparent medium is shaped to be optimized in a central portion 32g for collimating light directly from the LED 36, whereas a second portion 32f collimates light once reflecting from the first parabolic mirror-like portion has been.
  • three exemplary beam paths are shown.
  • the effect of the first and second surface sections can also be achieved by corresponding diffractive structures.
  • FIGS. 4a to 4c show the exemplary sketches of an embodiment of the planar, robust light source according to the invention, which emits the light essentially at right angles to both surfaces of the light source.
  • the thin carrier 45 there with holes, where later the light-generating elements 46, so for example LED chip to be located.
  • the LED chip 46 then "floats" effectively at the two wire bonds 47 with which they are electrically contacted.
  • an auxiliary film 49 is first attached to the underside of the thin carrier 46 so fastened that they have a momentary hold, but later can easily be detached again For example, done with an optically transparent silicone gel that adheres only minimally to the auxiliary film 49.
  • the LED chip are electrically contacted and fixed by means of the wire bonds 47.
  • a mechanical stabilization takes place in that in the region of the LED chip 46 and the nearby edge of the thin carrier 45 a thin as possible, the optical requirements sufficient plastic layer 47, so for example a suitable silicone gel is applied.
  • the thus equipped thin carrier 45 is connected to the pressure-resistant base member 41, wherein the at least at this time still viscous plastic layer 47 is pressed into the corresponding cavities 42c of the pressure-resistant plate 41 in laterally something flows out. Firstly, a perfectly filled optical path is ensured and, secondly, a sufficiently good adhesion between the two components 41 and 45 is achieved. In a last step, the auxiliary film 49 is now removed.
  • a pressure-resistant base element of the same design or provided with other optical properties can now also be fastened on the underside of the resulting light source according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 outlines the basic example of the case in which the planar, robust light source according to the invention has an optically effective additional element 57 in addition to the pressure-resistant base element 51 and the thin support 55 equipped with light-generating elements 56.
  • This additional element 57 is constructed in the example shown that it consists of a pressure-resistant plate 58 with optical elements 59 in corresponding openings.
  • the position of this optical element 59 is chosen so that they correspond to the optically effective through-holes 52 of the pressure-resistant base member 51.
  • FIGS. 6a to 6d sketchily show some possible embodiments of the optical elements 69 of the additional element 67.
  • the optical element 69 has no actual optical effect, but is in the form of an optically transparent flat plate, which is embedded in a pressure-resistant plate 68, formed as additional protection of the optically active through hole 62.
  • the additional element 67 consists only of an optically active plate 69, which is provided for example with a surface structure that produces a broad diffuse radiation of the light.
  • this plate must have a sufficiently high compressive strength to be suitable for the intended applications.
  • a plastic such as PC or PMMA.
  • glass can also be used.
  • the optical element 69 of the additional element 67 takes over the function of an extension of the parabolic shape of the through hole 62 through the pressure-resistant base member 61.
  • the pressure-resistant plate 68 of the additional element 67 at the corresponding locations corresponding parabolic through holes, which together with a corresponding optically transparent filling the optical element 69 form.
  • FIG. 6d outlines the case of an additional element which has the task of emitting the light in a nearly horizontal direction.
  • a pressure-resistant base element 61 which has obliquely parabolic through-holes 62, so that the light exits at the upper end of these through-holes, for example at a mean solid angle, which is inclined by approximately 20 ° relative to the vertical.
  • This light is deflected by the prismatic shape of the optical element 69 of the additional element 67 further in the horizontal direction, so that it finally emerges substantially in a solid angle range of 3 ° to 40 ° relative to the horizontal from the upper surface of the optical element 69.
  • the additional element is drawn in such a way that the optical element 69 extends over a plurality of through-holes 62, with the result that an addition of the light intensities occurs in the emission region.
  • the optical element 69 is embedded in corresponding holes of a pressure-resistant element 68, so that even when choosing a soft or brittle material for the optical element 69 a total of a pressure-resistant additional element 67 is formed.
  • the optical element can also be embedded in holes in the base element - correspondingly thicker in design - which eliminates the need for an additional pressure-resistant element 68.
  • the additional element can also be provided with means which influence the color of the emitted light, for example filters, etc.
  • light sources are particularly interesting which have an angle-dependent color emission. Such can be effected with an optically active element which deflects light in at least two different, defined directions. There is a separate color filter for each direction.
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b show schematic sections through a variant of the pressure-resistant base element 71 and the thin carrier 75, which permits a fastening between these two elements by means of positive locking.
  • the guide holes 73a of the pressure-resistant base element 71 on the lower side are provided with an extension 73b projecting annularly over the surface of the pressure-resistant base element 71, for example.
  • the height of this extension corresponds approximately to twice the thickness of the thin carrier 75.
  • the guide holes of the thin carrier have a diameter which is, for example, one micron larger than the diameter of the annular extension 73b. So that when joining the two elements 71 and 75 no problems occur, it is advantageous if the outer jacket of the substantially annular extension 73b is conical.
  • the two elements 71 and 75 are sketched in an assembled state, in which the annular extension 73b is formed after rivet-like outward and thus forms the desired positive connection between the two elements.
  • the joining process is carried out, for example, in such a way that the auxiliary pins used for joining are shaped at their lower end in such a way that the required deformation of the annular extensions 73b takes place by pressing on the base element 71.
  • a light source which has the following properties:
  • the light source is planar in the sense that it can be applied to given surfaces such as car terraces, runways of airfields, walkways, corridors and walls of buildings without incorporation into any wells without being a major obstacle to wheels rolling over them or creates a risk of tripping or a risk of injury; and which is flameproof in the sense that the light source is able to withstand the alternating load created by, for example, tires or airplanes rolling over it, or the high local pressures encountered, for example, entering the high-heel women's footwear light source can.
  • the light-generating electroluminescent elements for example unhoused LEDs or OLEDs surrounding flat and pressure-resistant housing, which are provided with measures which bring about a compressive strength even when the light source has a large surface area - here composed of carrier and base element.
  • the compressive strength is, for example, at least 30 N / mm, even for pressures acting on surfaces of less than 1 cm.
  • it is thin, ie, for example, 5 mm or thinner.
  • it is characterized by being robust in the anti-impact sense, such that it can withstand vandalism violent blows carried out, for example, with bottles or similar objects so as to withstand some such impacts without significant loss of luminosity, which means that it may fail locally but continues to emit light over a large area.
  • the light source is so gas and water vapor tight that all components contained in it, such as light-generating elements, electrical connections, optical elements, etc. have a high minimum life of, for example, 20O00 to 100,000 operating hours.
  • the light source according to the invention emits its light depending on the design: that, for example, from each light emitting point of the planar light source, the light emanates in the same defined solid angle perpendicularly or at a desired mean inclination to the surface of the light source, this defined solid angle depending on the embodiment, for example, between ⁇ 10 ° to ⁇ 80 °;
  • the light emanates, for example, from the light-emitting points of the planar light source in different defined solid angles and distributions;
  • the light in one or more desired color (s) is not uniformly radiated across the areal light source, but forms a particular defined pattern, such as a string of letters;
  • the light leaves the light source through the lateral boundaries of the light source and / or through the upper surface substantially in the lateral direction in a defined solid angle;
  • the light leaves the light source not only on one of the two-dimensional sides, but also exits in the same or different light distribution to both flat sides and / or possibly additionally from the lateral surfaces of the light source.
  • the base element 1 has channel-like recesses 4 which, as described, can serve different purposes.
  • the Baisiselement is but essentially one piece. Instead, the base element can also decay into subelements, as shown with reference to FIG. 2b. It can therefore be separated along, for example, straight and web-like dividing lines.
  • the individual sub-elements can each have several Through holes for one LED and as required as explained still have guide holes.
  • each sub-element 87 has exactly one through hole 82 for an LED 86.
  • the dividing lines 88 extend in a network or grid-like manner and separate the base element 81 into the sub-islands.
  • the LEDs are protected against moisture and environmental influences by the transparent mass of the type described above, which is introduced only after the application of the partial elements 87 on the base member 81.
  • the entire panel merely has to be divided along already existing dividing lines 88 in the base element. Under certain circumstances, only the support element must be shared.
  • a based on the 'sub-element' principle light source thus has a plurality of unhoused elektrolumineszentn elements on a support carrying them and a pressure-resistant, surface defining a base member which is mechanically connected in bearing zones with the carrier that pressure on the surface of Base element is derived on the support, wherein the supporting zones are distributed over substantially the entire surface of the light source, wherein the base element consists of a number of juxtaposed sub-elements, which are each associated with at least one electroluminescent element, and wherein carrier and base element together a pressure-resistant plate-like unit of total thickness of 1 cm or less.
  • carrier and base element together a pressure-resistant plate-like unit of total thickness of 1 cm or less.
  • the base member may be formed as an at least partially transparent body molded with the carrier, with the supporting zones then extending over the entire surface of the carrier, with the exception of the light-generating elements and possibly the rim.
  • this embodiment has the rather important disadvantage that the thermal expansion of the base element must be matched with high precision to that of the carrier, since otherwise shear forces act on the light-generating elements.
  • the light source according to the invention can be combined with further modules having complementary functionality, for example with modules which optimize the cooling.
  • the approaches to passive or active cooling by means of guided convection described in this application are suitable, depending on the application, to be used in combination with the approaches described here.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une source lumineuse présentant une pluralité d'éléments électroluminescents (6) et un support (5) supportant les éléments électroluminescents, ainsi qu'un élément de base (1) qui définit une surface, résiste à la pression, et, dans des zones de support, est relié mécaniquement au support de sorte que la pression exercée sur la surface de l'élément de base est transférée au support. Le support et l'élément de base forment conjointement une unité en forme de plaque. Les zones de support sont réparties sensiblement sur la totalité de la surface de la source lumineuse. L'élément de base peut se présenter sous la forme d'une plaque et comporter une pluralité d'orifices (2) qui traversent l'élément de base et qui sont agencés de sorte que leurs positions correspondent à l'agencement des éléments électroluminescents. La source lumineuse est très plate et présente une résistance à la pression intrinsèque, de sorte que, par exemple, sans être introduite dans des évidements, elle peut être appliquée sur des surfaces données, par exemple des routes, des pistes de roulement de tarmacs, des voies piétonnières, des corridors et des parois de bâtiments, sans constituer un obstacle important pour les roues qui se déplacent sur sa surface, ou un risque de trébuchement ou de blessures.
PCT/CH2004/000263 2003-05-15 2004-04-30 Source lumineuse WO2004102064A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04730453A EP1623153A1 (fr) 2003-05-15 2004-04-30 Source lumineuse

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CH8662003 2003-05-15
CH866/03 2003-05-15

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WO2004102064A1 true WO2004102064A1 (fr) 2004-11-25

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WO2005100016A2 (fr) * 2004-04-16 2005-10-27 Lucea Ag Panneau emetteur de lumiere et feuille a efficacite optique
DE102005019375A1 (de) * 2005-02-28 2006-09-07 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh LED-Array
EP1729059A2 (fr) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-06 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Source lumineuse à DEL et ensemble contenant une armature d'éclairage et un dipositif d'alimentation
DE102005046359A1 (de) * 2005-09-28 2007-03-29 Sick Ag Optoelektronische Anordnung
DE102006009694A1 (de) * 2006-03-02 2007-09-20 Paul Heinrich Neuhorst Leuchte
EP1843081A3 (fr) * 2006-04-03 2008-03-05 Nimbus Design GmbH Eclairage, en particulier éclairage d'intérieur
DE102006056272A1 (de) * 2006-11-27 2008-05-29 Bernd Kussmaul Gmbh Beleuchtbarer Körper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP1957858A1 (fr) * 2005-11-29 2008-08-20 Showa Denko K.K. Cadre réflecteur, composant plat de source lumineuse muni du cadre réflecteur et dispositif d'affichage utilisant le composant plat de source lumineuse
WO2008142621A1 (fr) * 2007-05-21 2008-11-27 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Dispositif de projection de lumière comprenant un réseau de del
WO2009029457A1 (fr) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-05 The Boeing Company Panneaux d'éclairage en ciel étoilé
CN101776245A (zh) * 2010-02-10 2010-07-14 孙银焕 用于led灯具的反射杯组
DE102009013811A1 (de) * 2009-03-18 2010-09-23 Bartenbach, Christian, Ing. LED-Spiegelkaskade
US7857484B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2010-12-28 The Boeing Company Lighting panels including embedded illumination devices and methods of making such panels
CN102384431A (zh) * 2010-08-30 2012-03-21 欧司朗有限公司 反射器和具有该反射器的照明装置
CN102563533A (zh) * 2010-12-31 2012-07-11 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 一种反射器以及具有该反射器的警戒灯
DE102011112710A1 (de) * 2011-09-07 2013-03-07 Osram Ag Beleuchtungsvorrichtung
DE102011117156A1 (de) * 2011-10-28 2013-05-02 Tobias Grau Leuchte
DE102012203941A1 (de) * 2012-03-14 2013-09-19 Osram Gmbh LED-Leuchtvorrichtung mit Entblendungsoptik
DE102012109819A1 (de) * 2012-10-15 2014-04-17 Bruck Gmbh & Co Kg Beleuchtungssystem
US8716536B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2014-05-06 Merck Patent Gmbh Process for the preparation of directly compressible δ-mannitol
DE102014107090A1 (de) * 2014-05-20 2015-11-26 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge
WO2015184458A1 (fr) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 Osram Sylvania Inc. Moteurs de gestion d'éclairage intégrés comprenant des dispositifs optiques souples et des sources de lumière souples
EP2107297B1 (fr) * 2008-04-04 2017-01-04 Nimbus Group GmbH Eclairage, en particulier éclairage d'intérieur
DE202016002407U1 (de) * 2016-04-14 2017-01-17 Dieter Christandl Straßenmarker
WO2016198040A3 (fr) * 2015-06-08 2017-02-02 BATT GmbH Lampe de signalisation
WO2017134168A1 (fr) * 2016-02-03 2017-08-10 Osram Oled Gmbh Éclairage et procédé pour fabriquer un éclairage
DE102016007844A1 (de) * 2016-06-28 2017-12-28 Bartenbach Holding Gmbh Lochstrahler

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US4907361A (en) 1987-02-18 1990-03-13 Villard Jean Pierre Luminous panel for advertising on the ground
DE4237107A1 (de) 1992-11-03 1994-05-05 Wustlich Holding Gmbh Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für Flächendisplays
WO1997044615A1 (fr) 1996-05-23 1997-11-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'eclairage pour la signalisation ainsi que l'identification et le marquage de surfaces de circulation d'aeroports
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WO1999041785A1 (fr) * 1998-02-12 1999-08-19 Gerhard Staufert Panneau luminescent del a modeles de construction voulus
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Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005100016A3 (fr) * 2004-04-16 2006-11-02 Lucea Ag Panneau emetteur de lumiere et feuille a efficacite optique
WO2005100016A2 (fr) * 2004-04-16 2005-10-27 Lucea Ag Panneau emetteur de lumiere et feuille a efficacite optique
DE102005019375A1 (de) * 2005-02-28 2006-09-07 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh LED-Array
US7726835B2 (en) 2005-02-28 2010-06-01 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh LED array
EP1729059A2 (fr) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-06 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Source lumineuse à DEL et ensemble contenant une armature d'éclairage et un dipositif d'alimentation
EP1729059A3 (fr) * 2005-06-03 2007-07-25 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Source lumineuse à DEL et ensemble contenant une armature d'éclairage et un dipositif d'alimentation
DE102005046359A1 (de) * 2005-09-28 2007-03-29 Sick Ag Optoelektronische Anordnung
EP1957858A1 (fr) * 2005-11-29 2008-08-20 Showa Denko K.K. Cadre réflecteur, composant plat de source lumineuse muni du cadre réflecteur et dispositif d'affichage utilisant le composant plat de source lumineuse
EP1957858A4 (fr) * 2005-11-29 2010-11-24 Showa Denko Kk Cadre réflecteur, composant plat de source lumineuse muni du cadre réflecteur et dispositif d'affichage utilisant le composant plat de source lumineuse
DE102006009694A1 (de) * 2006-03-02 2007-09-20 Paul Heinrich Neuhorst Leuchte
EP1843081A3 (fr) * 2006-04-03 2008-03-05 Nimbus Design GmbH Eclairage, en particulier éclairage d'intérieur
WO2008064801A1 (fr) 2006-11-27 2008-06-05 Bernd Kussmaul Gmbh Corps pouvant être éclairés et procédé de production
EP2102842B1 (fr) * 2006-11-27 2013-02-20 Bernd Kussmaul Gmbh Procédé de production d'un corps qui peut être éclairé
DE102006056272A1 (de) * 2006-11-27 2008-05-29 Bernd Kussmaul Gmbh Beleuchtbarer Körper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
WO2008142621A1 (fr) * 2007-05-21 2008-11-27 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Dispositif de projection de lumière comprenant un réseau de del
US8033684B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2011-10-11 The Boeing Company Starry sky lighting panels
US7857484B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2010-12-28 The Boeing Company Lighting panels including embedded illumination devices and methods of making such panels
WO2009029457A1 (fr) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-05 The Boeing Company Panneaux d'éclairage en ciel étoilé
EP2107297B1 (fr) * 2008-04-04 2017-01-04 Nimbus Group GmbH Eclairage, en particulier éclairage d'intérieur
DE102009013811A1 (de) * 2009-03-18 2010-09-23 Bartenbach, Christian, Ing. LED-Spiegelkaskade
CN101776245A (zh) * 2010-02-10 2010-07-14 孙银焕 用于led灯具的反射杯组
CN102384431A (zh) * 2010-08-30 2012-03-21 欧司朗有限公司 反射器和具有该反射器的照明装置
US8807802B2 (en) 2010-08-30 2014-08-19 Osram Gmbh Reflector and a lighting device having the same
CN102384431B (zh) * 2010-08-30 2014-08-13 欧司朗股份有限公司 反射器和具有该反射器的照明装置
US8716536B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2014-05-06 Merck Patent Gmbh Process for the preparation of directly compressible δ-mannitol
CN102563533A (zh) * 2010-12-31 2012-07-11 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 一种反射器以及具有该反射器的警戒灯
DE102011112710A1 (de) * 2011-09-07 2013-03-07 Osram Ag Beleuchtungsvorrichtung
DE102011117156A1 (de) * 2011-10-28 2013-05-02 Tobias Grau Leuchte
DE102012203941A1 (de) * 2012-03-14 2013-09-19 Osram Gmbh LED-Leuchtvorrichtung mit Entblendungsoptik
DE102012203941B4 (de) * 2012-03-14 2014-10-16 Osram Gmbh LED-Leuchtvorrichtung mit Entblendungsoptik
DE102012109819A1 (de) * 2012-10-15 2014-04-17 Bruck Gmbh & Co Kg Beleuchtungssystem
DE102014107090B4 (de) 2014-05-20 2022-10-20 HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge
DE102014107090A1 (de) * 2014-05-20 2015-11-26 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge
WO2015184458A1 (fr) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 Osram Sylvania Inc. Moteurs de gestion d'éclairage intégrés comprenant des dispositifs optiques souples et des sources de lumière souples
US11306896B2 (en) 2014-05-30 2022-04-19 Abl Ip Holding Llc Integrated light engines including flexible optics and flexible light sources
WO2016198040A3 (fr) * 2015-06-08 2017-02-02 BATT GmbH Lampe de signalisation
WO2017134168A1 (fr) * 2016-02-03 2017-08-10 Osram Oled Gmbh Éclairage et procédé pour fabriquer un éclairage
DE202016002407U1 (de) * 2016-04-14 2017-01-17 Dieter Christandl Straßenmarker
DE102016007844A1 (de) * 2016-06-28 2017-12-28 Bartenbach Holding Gmbh Lochstrahler

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