EP3343089B1 - Dispositif d'éclairage et phare de véhicule en étant équipé - Google Patents

Dispositif d'éclairage et phare de véhicule en étant équipé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3343089B1
EP3343089B1 EP17150062.2A EP17150062A EP3343089B1 EP 3343089 B1 EP3343089 B1 EP 3343089B1 EP 17150062 A EP17150062 A EP 17150062A EP 3343089 B1 EP3343089 B1 EP 3343089B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
micro
light
microstructures
grid
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EP17150062.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3343089A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Heller
Thorsten Hornung
Robert Schneider
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Odelo GmbH
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Odelo GmbH
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Priority to SI201730585T priority Critical patent/SI3343089T1/sl
Priority to EP17150062.2A priority patent/EP3343089B1/fr
Publication of EP3343089A1 publication Critical patent/EP3343089A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/26—Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S43/235 - F21S43/255

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lighting means according to the preamble of claim 1 and a vehicle light equipped with at least one such lighting means according to the preamble of claim 10.
  • the invention is concerned with improving the visibility and perceptibility of one or more light functions of a vehicle light, in particular a rear light for a motor vehicle, as well as opening up new design possibilities by generating a depth effect.
  • a vehicle lamp comprises, for example, a lamp interior that is essentially completely or partially enclosed by a lamp housing and a lens and at least one lighting means housed therein and comprising at least one light source for at least one light function of the vehicle lamp.
  • Each vehicle light fulfills one or more tasks or functions, depending on the design.
  • a light function of the vehicle light is provided to fulfill each task or function.
  • Light functions are, for example, a function that illuminates the roadway when configured as a headlight, or when configured as a signal light, a signal function, such as a repeating flashing light function to indicate the direction of travel or a brake light function to indicate braking activity, or, for example, a parking light function, such as a rear light function, to ensure a Visibility of the vehicle during the day and / or night, such as when configured as a rear light or daytime running light.
  • vehicle lights are turn signal lights, exit lights, for example for ambient lighting, marker lights, brake lights, fog lights, reversing lights, and typically high-set third brake lights, so-called central, high-mounted lights on the vehicle front, on the vehicle flanks and / or on the side mirrors as well as on the rear of the vehicle Braking lights, daytime running lights, headlights and also fog lights used as turning or cornering lights, as well as combinations thereof.
  • Each light function must fulfill a legally prescribed light distribution, for example.
  • the light distribution defines at least to be complied with, colloquially referred to as brightness in light fluxes in at least to be complied with solid angle areas.
  • At least one light source of a lighting means of a vehicle lamp can be assigned one or more optical elements for guiding light that contribute to the formation of a light distribution.
  • the lens is nowadays usually made of a plastic, transparent cover which closes the interior of the luminaire and protects the components housed therein, such as one or more lamps, reflectors and alternatively or additionally provided optical elements against the effects of the weather.
  • the luminaire housing or the luminaire interior can be divided into several chambers each with its own light sources and / or lighting means and / or optical elements and optionally light discs, of which several chambers can fulfill the same and / or each chamber can fulfill a different lighting function.
  • the optical elements mentioned can be at least one reflector and / or at least one lens and / or one or more optical disks or the like arranged in the beam path between at least one light source of the illuminant and the light disk.
  • At least one reflector arranged behind at least one light source of at least one illuminant can be accommodated in the luminaire interior.
  • the reflector can be formed at least in part by a separate component and / or by at least a part of the lamp housing itself, for example by means of an at least partial reflective coating.
  • the lens itself can alternatively or additionally be designed as an optical element, for example by preferably contributing on its inside with one or more of the aforementioned light distributions optical structure is provided. This means that an optical disk can be dispensed with, if necessary.
  • vehicle lights are on the front of the vehicle, on the vehicle flanks and / or on the side mirrors as well as on the rear of the vehicle, exit lights, e.g. for ambient lighting, marker lights, brake lights, fog lights, reversing lights, and typically high-set third brake lights, so-called central, high-mounted Braking lights, daytime running lights, headlights and also fog lights used as turning or cornering lights, as well as combinations thereof.
  • exit lights e.g. for ambient lighting, marker lights, brake lights, fog lights, reversing lights, and typically high-set third brake lights, so-called central, high-mounted Braking lights, daytime running lights, headlights and also fog lights used as turning or cornering lights, as well as combinations thereof.
  • Such a combination is, for example, regularly implemented in the known rear lights.
  • repeat indicators, marker lights, brake lights, fog lights and reversing lights are used, to name just one of the many combinations implemented in rear lights. This list does not claim to be exhaustive, nor does it mean that all the lights mentioned have to be combined in a rear light. For example, only two or three of the named or other lights can be combined with one another in a common light housing of a rear light.
  • a well-known example are so-called dynamic light functions, in which the time allowed by law that an incandescent lamp as a legally permitted light source of a light source intended to fulfill a light function needs to achieve its full luminosity is used to achieve a visual effect .
  • illuminated displays for example warning displays displayed in a vehicle dashboard, which appear to jump towards the viewer when they light up, are particularly well perceived by the viewer due to their apparent movement towards the viewer and alert him, even if his gaze is not is aimed directly at an area where the warning indicator is displayed. They therefore result in increased powers of perception.
  • a twinkle effect of a light function of a vehicle lamp by at least three light sources arranged in different positions in connection with an optical element that comprises a plurality of facet surfaces, for example a reflector with a plurality of differently formed facets, the direction of the individual light sources in the direction
  • the light rays emanating from the facet surfaces can be changed by the facet surfaces.
  • the positions and / or orientations of the facet surfaces relative to the positions of the light sources are arranged in such a way that a viewer in an observation position outside the interior of the luminaire can see a light source emitted by a first light source and in its direction from a first facet surface for a first Facet position and / or facet alignment changed light beam is reached, a light beam emitted by a second light source and changed in its direction from a second facet surface at a second facet position and / or facet alignment is reached, and a light beam emitted by a third light source and in its direction from a third facet surface achieved in a third facet position and / or facet alignment changed light beam.
  • the twinkle effect is obtained.
  • a depth effect can be superimposed on the twinkling effect in that a light and / or optical disk with further optical elements is arranged in the beam path from the facet surfaces to the viewer.
  • the twinkling effect can be perceived in two depth levels, a rear level formed by the facet surfaces when the light beams deflected by the facet surfaces pass the other optical elements and pass through the light and / or optical disc, and a front one through the further optical elements formed plane when the light beams deflected by the facet surfaces hit the other optical elements and are deflected again.
  • a real three-dimensional impression or a spatial image reproduction in the sense of a representation of a structure with a depth effect is not possible as a result.
  • a vehicle lamp designed as a vehicle headlight with imaging optics which is provided to project an edge that limits a luminous flux of a light source of the vehicle lamp as a light-dark boundary into the vehicle area.
  • a boundary surface of a component of the imaging optics through which the light flux passes is provided with over a hundred microstructures arranged discretely over the boundary surface.
  • the microstructures known as overhead elements are local deformations of the interface with a prismatic effect.
  • a lens for generating a cut-off line for a light function of a vehicle lamp has a diffractive structure on at least one of its surfaces.
  • the diffractive structure is arranged essentially in the non-shielded area of the lens.
  • a hologram can be arranged on a remaining area that is free of the diffractive structure, by means of which, in conjunction with a laser beam arranged behind a cover, an image that is subsequently also visible on the road can be projected onto the lens of the vehicle light.
  • a vehicle light with a light source which several in a row to generate a depth effect comprises arranged illuminant carrier each with a plurality of individually controllable light sources.
  • the raster image shows the eyes of a viewer separate, different, stereoscopic images of views of an object, in whose spatial shape the light function then appears to the viewer.
  • Autostereoscopy and the associated autostereoscopic effect is a three-dimensional, visual representation of an image of an object, an impression of depth of the reproduced spatial shape of the object being obtained by stereoscopic viewing. Autostereoscopy does not need any aids directly in front of the eyes.
  • Stereoscopic vision also known as spatial vision, conveys a real, quantifiable depth perception and spatial effect of the outside space by viewing objects with both eyes.
  • the autostereoscopic effect can be obtained by means of a raster image in the form of a lenticular raster image which is also referred to or can be designated as a lenticular or prismatic raster image, or it can be obtained by a raster image using parallax barrier technology.
  • a lenticular raster image also known as a lenticular or prismatic raster image
  • a lenticular raster image is a reproduction of an object, using tiny Optical lenses or prisms create a three-dimensional, spatial impression of the object that can be perceived without optical aids. This is also known as the autostereoscopic effect.
  • For a lenticular lens image at least two representations or images of the object that correspond to the object view at eye distance or were recorded at eye distance are required. These are positioned in the form of two or more image strips under each lenticular lens. The image strips extend along the lenticular lens.
  • a lenticular lens is an elongated, lens-shaped element, for example as a component of the surface of a backlit optics or light disk, which is formed by a partial surface of a circular cylinder or provided by a partial surface of a circular cylinder. In a cross section normal to the longitudinal extension, the lenticular lens is convex in the shape of a circular arc.
  • the longitudinal extension of the lenticular lenses is vertical in the installed state of the vehicle lamp when looking from outside the lamp interior through the lens or corresponds to an arrangement normal to an imaginary line connecting the eyes of a viewer.
  • two images composed of a large number of image points or image strips are simultaneously visible to a viewer, even with a raster image using parallax barrier technology, with the light of individual image points or image strips being deflected in different directions using, for example, inclined strip masks as parallax barriers and each eye reaches a different image generated by the image points or image strips visible by the respective eye.
  • Lenticular lens structures are easy to manufacture and any images with a three-dimensional appearance can be displayed with them.
  • lenticular lens structures Disadvantages of lenticular lens structures are that the three-dimensional appearance only occurs in the horizontal direction. In addition, the viewing angle is restricted; the image jumps again and again from a three-dimensional appearance to a new three-dimensional appearance with a change in the viewing angle.
  • the parallax barrier technology allows any spatial representation to be reproduced.
  • the disadvantage is the high structural complexity associated with high costs.
  • the disadvantages of a restricted viewing angle and of the image jumping with a change in the viewing angle from a three-dimensional appearance to a new three-dimensional appearance also occur.
  • a lighting means with at least one light source and with an optical element arrangement arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source.
  • the optical element arrangement comprises two flat micro-optical structure rasters arranged one behind the other in the optical path.
  • Each of the two micro-optical structure rasters comprises optical microstructures arranged in a periodically recurring, regular pattern. Both micro-optical structure rasters have periodically recurring, regular patterns within the surfaces they each cover.
  • the surfaces spanned by the two micro-optical structure grids are parallel to one another.
  • At least one micro-optical structure grid has a pattern with a regular arrangement of the optical micro-structures in rows and columns running at right angles to one another.
  • the optical microstructures can be arranged on opposite surfaces of an optical element located in the optical path.
  • the optical microstructures are formed by microlenses.
  • a lighting means with at least one light source and with an optical element arrangement arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source is known.
  • the optical element arrangement comprises two flat micro-optical structure rasters arranged one behind the other in the optical path.
  • Each of the two micro-optical structure rasters comprises optical microstructures arranged in a periodically recurring, regular pattern. Both micro-optical structure rasters have periodically recurring, regular patterns within the surfaces they each cover.
  • the surfaces spanned by the two micro-optical structure grids are parallel to one another.
  • At least one micro-optical structure grid has a pattern with a nested arrangement of the optical micro-structures in rows and columns that run obliquely to one another.
  • the optical microstructures are arranged on opposite surfaces of an optical element located in the optical path.
  • the optical microstructures of at least one microstructural grid have hexagonal dimensions at least in one of them spanned area.
  • the optical microstructures are formed by microlenses.
  • a lighting means with at least one light source and with an optical element arrangement arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source is known.
  • the optical element arrangement comprises two flat micro-optical structure rasters arranged one behind the other in the optical path.
  • Each of the two micro-optical structure rasters comprises optical microstructures arranged in a periodically recurring, regular pattern. Both micro-optical structure rasters have periodically recurring, regular patterns within the surfaces they each cover. The surfaces spanned by the two micro-optical structure grids are parallel to one another.
  • At least one micro-optical structure grid has a pattern with a regular arrangement of the optical micro-structures in rows and columns running at right angles to one another.
  • the optical microstructures are formed by microlenses.
  • JP 2015 060679 A a vehicle light is known. It comprises a flat micro-optical structure grid and a semi-transparent mirror as a screen.
  • a light source comprises a light source and an optical element arrangement arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source.
  • the optical element arrangement comprises two flat micro-optical structure rasters arranged one behind the other in the optical path.
  • Each of the two micro-optical structure rasters comprises optical microstructures arranged in a periodically recurring, regular pattern.
  • Both micro-optical structure rasters have periodically recurring, regular patterns within the surfaces they each cover.
  • the surfaces spanned by the two micro-optical structure grids are parallel to one another.
  • At least one micro-optical structure grid has a pattern with a regular arrangement of the optical micro-structures in rows and columns running at right angles to one another.
  • the optical microstructures are formed by microlenses.
  • the optical microstructures are arranged on opposite surfaces of a mirror glass.
  • the distance between the micro-optical structure grids corresponds to the thickness of the mirror glass.
  • the distance between the micro-optical structure rasters is selected so that the light rays leaving one micro-structure of one micro-optical structure raster irradiate two micro-structures of the other micro-optical structure raster.
  • a lighting means with at least one light source and with an optical element arrangement arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source is known.
  • the optical element arrangement comprises two flat micro-optical structure rasters arranged one behind the other in the optical path.
  • Each of the two micro-optical structure rasters comprises optical microstructures arranged in a periodically recurring, regular pattern. Both micro-optical structure rasters have periodically recurring, regular patterns within the surfaces they each cover. The surfaces spanned by the two micro-optical structure grids are parallel to one another.
  • At least one micro-optical structure grid has a pattern with a regular arrangement of the optical micro-structures in rows and columns running at right angles to one another.
  • the optical microstructures can be formed by microlenses.
  • a lighting means with at least one light source and with an optical element arrangement arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source is previously known.
  • the optical element arrangement comprises two flat micro-optical structure rasters arranged one behind the other in the optical path.
  • Each of the two micro-optical structure rasters comprises optical microstructures arranged in a periodically recurring, regular pattern.
  • One of the two micro-optical structure rasters is arranged in the focal plane of the optical micro-structures of the remaining micro-optical structure raster.
  • One object of the invention is to create a light source which enables a light function of a vehicle light with a viewing angle-independent, high perceptual power for other road users, accompanied by an increase in traffic safety, and to provide a vehicle light equipped with at least one corresponding light source.
  • a first object of the invention accordingly relates to a lighting means with at least one light source and with an optical element arrangement arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source.
  • the optical element arrangement which is backlit with at least any light source from behind by a viewer looking at the optical element arrangement in the further course of the optical path, comprises two flat micro-optical structure rasters arranged one behind the other in the optical path to generate three-dimensional effects for a viewer looking further along the optical path to the optical element arrangement .
  • Each of the two micro-optic structure rasters comprises optical microstructures arranged in a periodically recurring, regular pattern within the area spanned by it.
  • Both micro-optical structure rasters preferably have periodically recurring, regular patterns within the area they each cover.
  • the pattern or patterns can provide a regular arrangement of the optical microstructures in rows and columns running at right angles to one another.
  • the pattern or patterns can provide a nested arrangement of the optical microstructures in rows and columns running obliquely to one another.
  • the optical microstructures can have hexagonal dimensions at least in one area spanned by them.
  • optical microstructures can be directly adjacent to one another without any gaps between them.
  • the optical microstructures can directly adjoin one another without gaps or they can also have gaps between them.
  • the micro-optic structure grids can include, for example, at least one micro-optic structure grid plate and / or a micro-optic structure grid film with, preferably regularly, periodically arranged optical microstructures, such as optical lenses or printed patterns, applied to and / or incorporated therein.
  • At least one micro-optic structure grid is arranged in the focal plane of the optical microstructures of the remaining micro-optic structure grid.
  • the optical microstructures are preferably formed by microlenses.
  • a particularly strong depth effect occurs when at least approximately in the focal plane of the optical microstructures comprising, for example, lenses or microlenses, for example as a lenticular lens plate and / or sheet or first micro-optic structure grid formed as a microlens grid plate and / or film, preferably regularly, periodically recurring optical microstructures, such as geometrically arranged optical lenses or print patterns, of the remaining, second micro-optic structure grid.
  • optical microstructures comprising, for example, lenses or microlenses, for example as a lenticular lens plate and / or sheet or first micro-optic structure grid formed as a microlens grid plate and / or film, preferably regularly, periodically recurring optical microstructures, such as geometrically arranged optical lenses or print patterns, of the remaining, second micro-optic structure grid.
  • the optical microstructures forming the second micro-optical structure grid are in a specific period and geometrical arrangement on a surface of the same optical element arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source opposite a surface provided with the optical microstructures of the first micro-optical structure grid , such as applied to opposite surfaces of an optical disk arranged in the optical path.
  • the appearance of the image is dependent on the focal length, size and period of the optical microstructures of the first micro-optical structure grid, for example designed as a lens grid, or its diametrical microstructure.
  • the size of the period is linked to the visual depth. This allows large patterns to be shown in the background and small ones in front.
  • an image of small patterns takes place from the perspective of a light emitted by the light source opposite to the optical path onto the first
  • the viewer looking at the micro-optic structure grid is in the foreground at a smaller distance from the optical microstructures of the first micro-optic structure grid, which is designed, for example, as a lens grid, compared to the imaging of large patterns.
  • At least the optical microstructures of at least the one to be imaged by the optical microstructures of the first microoptical structure grid can be used
  • Micro-optical structure grid lying second micro-optical structure grid have a three-dimensional, spatial extent.
  • the optical microstructures of the second which are to be mapped by the optical microstructures of the first micro-optical structure grid, preferably in the focal plane of the optical microstructures comprising, for example, lenses or microlenses, of the first micro-optical structure grid, which is embodied as a lens grid plate and / or film or a microlens grid plate and / or film, are preferred If the micro-optical structure grid itself does not have a flat structure that can be produced, for example, by a printing process, but rather a spatial structure that can be produced, for example, by an embossing process, the virtual image is given an additional spatial impression.
  • micro-optic structure rasters can be formed by microlens structure rasters or comprise such.
  • micro-optic structure raster summarized under the term microstructure sheets, transparent films or plates with oppositely embossed or embossed or laminated or printed optical microstructures, for example microlenses.
  • the illuminant can additionally individually or in any combination, for example to generate and / or contribute to a light distribution serving / necessary for a light function, one or more light guide elements, briefly referred to as light guides and / or one or more direct and / or indirect reflectors and / or one or more lens systems and / or one or more diffusers.
  • one or more light guide elements briefly referred to as light guides and / or one or more direct and / or indirect reflectors and / or one or more lens systems and / or one or more diffusers.
  • optical microstructures of the second micro-optical structure grid are advantageously located within the focal surface.
  • the optical microstructures of the second micro-optical structure grid can be arranged on the opposite rear side of the microstructure sheet.
  • the microstructures can be arranged on two sheets produced independently of one another.
  • the focal surface can be flat or curved in two or three dimensions.
  • the optical microstructures can be three-dimensional or two-dimensional.
  • An orthogonal arrangement of the optical microstructures within one or both micro-optical structure rasters can be provided.
  • a nested arrangement of the optical microstructures can be provided within one or both of the micro-optical structure grids.
  • the nested arranged optical microstructures of one or both micro-optical structure grids can form hexagonal structures.
  • optical microstructures of the micro-optical structure grid removed from the light source can be applied to the inside of a light pane.
  • the optical microstructures of the micro-optical structure grid removed from the light source can be applied to the front or back of an optical disk.
  • optical microstructures of both micro-optical structure rasters can be applied to the opposing, front and rear surfaces of an optical disk.
  • the optical microstructures of the micro-optical structure grid closer to the light source can be applied to the front or back of an optical disk or to a light exit surface of a light guide element, briefly referred to as a light guide, into which the at least one light source of the illuminant radiates its light.
  • the first micro-optical structure grid can be arranged downstream of this in the further course of the optical path, or in front of it from the point of view of an observer looking against the optical path.
  • the light guide can be provided with the optical microstructures of the second micro-optical structure grid closer to the light source.
  • the optical microstructures of the first micro-optical structure grid which is further away from the light source, can be applied to the front or rear side of an optical disk, or they can be applied to the inside of a light disk.
  • At least one inorganic light-emitting diode and / or at least one organic light-emitting diode is preferably used as the light source.
  • the latter can be provided on its front side with the optical microstructures of one of the micro-optical structure rasters.
  • Inorganic light-emitting diodes consist of at least one light-emitting diode semiconductor chip, or LED chip for short, as well as at least one primary lens that is molded on, for example by injection molding, and which completely or partially envelops the at least one LED chip.
  • Vehicle lights are also known in which pure LED chips are used without integrally molded primary optics.
  • Inorganic light-emitting diodes for through-hole mounting THT; Through Hole Technology
  • SMD Surface Mounted Device
  • LEDs and LEDs are known, in which the LED chip is bonded directly to the illuminant carrier using bare assembly technology (COB; Chip On Board).
  • COB bare assembly technology
  • THT light-emitting diodes are a well-known type of inorganic light-emitting diodes. They are also referred to as wired light-emitting diodes because they consist of an encapsulation that is transparent at least in a desired direction of emission, e.g. exist in the form of an extrusion coating or a potting, which includes a bonding wire connecting the LED chip to a first electrical connection, for example in the form of an anode connection, and the LED chip connected to a second electrical connection, for example in the form of a cathode connection.
  • the second electrical connection embodied as a cathode connection, for example, can be provided with an above-mentioned cup in which the LED chip is arranged.
  • the bonding wire leads from the first connection, for example designed as an anode connection, coming from outside the cup to the LED chip.
  • SMD light emitting diodes are another well-known type of inorganic light emitting diodes.
  • SMD LEDs consist of a lead frame with at least one mounting area for at least one LED chip and electrical connection areas.
  • the leadframe is partially encapsulated by a plastic body with at least one recess that keeps the at least one mounting surface free.
  • the electrical connection surfaces of the leadframe are also kept free as the electrical connections of the SMD-LED for later surface mounting.
  • the at least one LED chip is arranged at the base of the at least one recess reaching to the at least one mounting surface and electrically contacted. In this case, the LED chip is arranged on a first part of the leadframe connected to at least one first electrical connection surface.
  • a bonding wire connects the LED chip to a second part of the leadframe, which in turn is connected to at least one second electrical connection surface.
  • the recess reaching the mounting surface at its base can be configured like a reflector.
  • the walls of the recess form the above-mentioned primary reflector.
  • the walls can be coated in a reflective manner.
  • COB light-emitting diodes COB-LEDs for short, consist of an unhoused LED chip to be arranged directly on a light source carrier and a bonding wire.
  • the back of the LED chip forms the first electrical connection of the COB-LED.
  • the LED chip is electrically connected on its rear side directly to a first conductor track of a light source carrier, for example by soldering or welding.
  • the bonding wire that forms the second electrical connection of the COB-LED is also electrically connected to a second conductor track of the illuminant carrier, for example by soldering or welding.
  • LEDs are used uniformly to represent both, unless something else is explicitly mentioned.
  • Outstanding properties of LEDs compared to other, conventional light sources of illuminants are a much longer service life and a much higher light yield with the same power consumption.
  • LEDs have a lower power consumption compared to other light sources with the same light intensity.
  • LEDs have a much longer service life than other light sources that can be used in a vehicle lamp. Due to the longer service life, among other things, due to the lower failure rate, the operational reliability and thus the quality of the vehicle light is increased.
  • OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • the thickness or, in other words, the thickness of the layers is in the order of magnitude of about 100 nm. Depending on the structure, it is typically 100 nm to 500 nm.
  • OLEDs are typically encapsulated with an inorganic material, for example with glass.
  • OLEDs do not require monocrystalline materials. In comparison to LEDs, OLEDs can therefore be manufactured using cost-effective thin-film technology. OLEDs thereby enable the production of flat light sources which, on the one hand, are very thin and, on the other hand, have a particularly homogeneous appearance when used as a luminous surface visible through the lens of a vehicle lamp.
  • a second subject matter of the invention relates to a vehicle light with a light interior essentially enclosed by a light housing and a light disk and with at least one light source housed therein and comprising at least one light source for at least one light function of the vehicle light.
  • the vehicle lamp is characterized by at least one previously described lamp according to the first subject of the invention.
  • At least one light source of the illuminant of the vehicle lamp can be assigned one or more optical elements for guiding light that contribute to the formation of a light distribution.
  • the lens is nowadays usually made of a plastic, transparent cover which closes the interior of the luminaire and protects the components housed therein, such as one or more lamps, reflectors and alternatively or additionally provided optical elements against the effects of the weather.
  • the luminaire housing or the luminaire interior can be divided into several chambers, each with its own light sources and / or lighting means and / or optical elements and optionally light discs and / or optical discs, of which several chambers can fulfill the same and / or each chamber a different light function.
  • the optical elements mentioned can be at least one reflector and / or at least one lens and / or one or more in the beam path between at least one light source of the illuminant and the lens arranged optical disks and / or holographic plates or films or foils or the like act.
  • Holography can in particular be used to direct light or electromagnetic radiation and can therefore also be used in particular in vehicle lights.
  • At least one reflector arranged behind at least one light source of at least one illuminant can be accommodated in the luminaire interior.
  • the reflector can be formed at least in part by a separate component and / or by at least a part of the lamp housing itself, for example by means of an at least partial reflective coating.
  • the lens itself can alternatively or additionally be designed as an optical element, for example by being provided, preferably on the inside thereof, with an optical structure that contributes to the generation of one or more previously mentioned light distributions. This means that an optical disk can be dispensed with, if necessary.
  • the lighting means can have individual or a combination of the features described above and / or below in connection with the vehicle lamp, just as the vehicle lamp can have single or a combination of several features described above and / or below in connection with the lighting means.
  • Both the vehicle lamp and the lighting means can alternatively or additionally jointly or independently of one another, individual or a combination of several introductory in connection with the prior art and / or in one or more of the documents mentioned in relation to the prior art and / or in the following description have features described for the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
  • the invention can be implemented by a light source with at least one light source and an optical element arrangement backlit by this, for example two two-dimensional lens arrangements or two-dimensional lens arrays with periodic patterns as an image, arranged one behind the other in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source.
  • the invention can be implemented by a vehicle light with a corresponding illuminant to fulfill or contribute to at least one of its lighting functions.
  • the invention proposes to generate a depth effect for better perception of the signal effect of one or more light functions, such as the tail light and / or brake light function with a simultaneously low installation space depth, for example transparent films or plates with oppositely embossed, laminated or printed optical microstructures, for example in Form of microlenses to use.
  • the film can be illuminated from behind with any light source, preferably at least one LED or OLED.
  • the depth effect also occurs in the non-backlit state in the so-called cold state or design.
  • Additional advantages of the invention that go beyond a complete solution of the problem set while overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art are an improvement in the visibility and perceptibility of light functions of a vehicle light, in particular a rear light for a motor vehicle. This is achieved by attracting the gaze of other road users, in particular those following behind, by generating three-dimensional effects when a viewer looks at the lens of the vehicle light both in the switched on and in the switched off state.
  • advantages compared to lenticular lens structures are that the depth effect is visible from all directions, including vertically. The effect is visually indistinguishable from real depth.
  • the periodic patterns can be produced inexpensively.
  • a multitude of periodic patterns that can be used offers a wide range of design freedom.
  • the optical element arrangement 03 comprises two flat micro-optical structure rasters 30 arranged one behind the other in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02, a first micro-optical structure raster 31 and a second micro-optical structure raster 32 in the course of the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02.
  • the optical element arrangement 03 is at least partially transilluminated from the rear by means of the at least one light source 02 from an observer looking at the side of the optical element arrangement 03 facing away from the light source 02 in the further course of the optical path.
  • optical element arrangement 03 is at least partially transilluminated by means of the at least one light source 02 indicates that, as an alternative to a fully transparent configuration of the optical element arrangement 03, it is possible that parts of the optical element arrangement 03, for example parts of one or both of the micro-optical structure grids 30, 31, 32 can be made opaque.
  • Each of the two micro-optic structure rasters 30, 31, 32 comprises, for example, optical microstructures 33 arranged in a periodically recurring, regular pattern preferably within the area spanned by it.
  • the optical microstructures 33 are preferably microlenses.
  • the optical microstructures 33 arranged in a periodically recurring, regular pattern, of the two micro-optical structure grids 30, 31, 32 arranged one behind the other in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02 generate for the further course of the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02 to the optical element arrangement , more precisely on the side of the optical element arrangement 03 facing away from the light source 02, three-dimensional effects.
  • the at least one light source 02 can in principle be any light source 02, for example an incandescent lamp, a gas discharge lamp, an LED, an OLED, to name but a few conceivable light sources 02 that are fundamentally used in vehicle lights, without claiming to be complete. or a combination of several, for example identical or different, light sources 02.
  • Both micro-optic structure grids 30, 31, 32 preferably have periodically recurring, regular patterns within the respective areas spanned by them, in which their optical microstructures 33 are arranged.
  • the surfaces spanned by the two micro-optical structure grids 30, 31, 32 are parallel to one another, as shown in FIG Fig. 5 , Fig. 6 , Fig. 7 , Fig. 8 is shown by way of example.
  • At least one micro-optical structure grid 30, 31, 32 can have a pattern with a regular arrangement of its optical micro-structures 33 in rows and columns running at right angles to one another, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown.
  • At least the pattern of one or both of the micro-optical structure rasters 30, 31, 32 can accordingly provide a regular arrangement of the optical micro-structures 33 in rows and columns running at right angles to one another.
  • Fig. 1 shows a micro-optic structure raster 30, 31, 32 formed by a microlens grid with a pattern with a regular arrangement of the optical microstructures 33 formed by round microlenses in orthogonal rows and columns and with optically inactive areas between the optical microstructures 33 formed by round microlenses in FIG a top view.
  • the optically inactive areas located between the optical microstructures 33 are preferably non-transparent.
  • At least one micro-optical structure grid 30, 31, 32 can have a pattern with a nested arrangement of the optical micro-structures 33 in rows and columns running obliquely to one another, as in FIG Fig. 2 shown.
  • At least the pattern of one or the patterns of both micro-optical structure rasters 30, 31, 32 can accordingly provide a nested arrangement of the optical micro-structures 33 in rows and columns running obliquely to one another.
  • Fig. 2 shows a micro-optic structure grid 30, 31, 32 formed by a microlens grid with a pattern with a regular, nested arrangement of the optical microstructures 33 formed by round microlenses in oblique rows and columns and with optically inactive areas between the optical microstructures formed by round microlenses 33 in a plan view.
  • the optically inactive areas located between the optical microstructures 33 are preferably non-transparent.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of at least one microstructural grid 30, 31, 32 can have hexagonal dimensions at least in one area spanned by them, as in FIG Fig. 3 shown.
  • the optical microstructures 33 are preferably provided with hexagonal dimensions in connection with a pattern with a regular, nested arrangement of the optical microstructures 33, as also in FIG Fig. 3 shown.
  • the optical microstructures 33 with a hexagonal extension can directly adjoin one another without any gaps between them, as is also the case in FIG Fig. 3 is shown.
  • Fig. 3 shows a micro-optic structure grid 30, 31, 32 formed by a hexagonal microlens grid with a pattern with a regular, nested arrangement of the optical microstructures 33 formed by hexagonal microlenses with hexagonal dimensions in oblique rows and columns in a plan view.
  • the hexagonal microlenses are directly adjacent to one another. This means that there are no optically inactive areas between the lenses. This has the advantage that lower light losses occur in a vehicle light 100 designed, for example, as a rear light than in the case of micro-optic structure grids 30, 31, 32 with optically inactive areas between the optical microstructures 33, for example formed by microlenses.
  • Optical microstructures 33 formed by microlenses and having hexagonal dimensions are particularly suitable for this purpose because the imaging errors of the lenses are generally less than in a comparable square lens grid.
  • optically inactive areas located between the optical microstructures 33 with hexagonal dimensions can preferably be made non-transparent.
  • the optical microstructures 33 can adjoin one another directly and without gaps, or they can also have optically inactive areas formed by gaps between them.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of an optical element arrangement 03 in a plan view
  • Fig. 5 shows the same optical element arrangement 03 in a cross section. It also contains Fig. 5 a representation of the visual effect generated by the optical element arrangement 03 for a viewer looking at the side of the optical element arrangement 03 facing away from the light source 02 of the illuminant 01.
  • the optical element arrangement 03 shown comprises a first micro-optical structure raster 30, 31 embodied as a hexagonal microlens raster with optical microstructures 33 with hexagonal dimensions that are nested regularly and arranged directly adjacent to one another. Furthermore, the optical element arrangement 03 comprises a second micro-optical structure grid 30, 32 located behind it from the point of view of an observer looking at the side of the optical element arrangement 03 facing away from the light source 02 of the lighting means 01.
  • the second micro-optical structure grid 30, 32 has optical microstructures 33 arranged in two superimposed patterns A, B. These are first optical microstructures 33 arranged in a first pattern A and second optical microstructures 33 arranged in a second pattern B.
  • the patterns A and B each have a shorter period length than the first micro-optical structure grid 30, 31 designed as a hexagonal microlens grid.
  • the second micro-optic structure grid 30, 32 consists of two or more superimposed periodic patterns A, B, the periods of which differ slightly from one another, or of optical microstructures 33 correspondingly arranged in two or more superimposed periodic patterns A, B.
  • the periods can differ from one another by less than 10%, preferably by less than 4%, in order to achieve the desired effect.
  • All of the superimposed patterns A, B of the periodically arranged optical microstructures of the microoptical structure grids 30, 31, 32 each have the same spatial arrangement, but in periods that differ from one another. In the joint inspection, the patterns of the micro-optic structure rasters 30, 31, 32 only repeat themselves synodically.
  • the superimposed patterns can, for example, be printed as an overall image.
  • the second micro-optic structure raster of the two micro-optic structure rasters 31, 32 preferably has optical microstructures 33 arranged in two or more superimposed periodically recurring, regular patterns A, B, the periods of which differ from one another at least slightly.
  • the two patterns A, B can both have the same regular spatial arrangement of the optical microstructures 33, but with different period lengths.
  • the remaining first micro-optic structure grid 31 can also have this regular spatial arrangement. However, it only consists of a single periodic, regular pattern
  • the appearance of the images of the first optical microstructures 33 arranged in the first pattern A and the second optical microstructures 33 arranged in the second pattern B from the viewer looking at the side of the optical element arrangement 03 facing away from the light source 02 of the illuminant 01 is of focal length, size and period of the optical microstructures 33 of the first micro-optical structure grid 30, 31 embodied, for example, as a lens grid, or its diametrical microstructure.
  • the figure is a schematic representation of the optical microstructures 33 of the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32, arranged for example in two superimposed patterns A, B. Due to the refraction of light on the optical microstructures 33, for example embodied as microlenses, of the first microoptical structure grid 30, which is configured for example as a lens grid, 31, the optical microstructures 33, arranged for example in two superimposed patterns A, B, of the second micro-optical structure grid 30, 32 located behind it from the viewer's point of view are not visible in reality in this form, but an enlarged image of the different patterns A, B arranged optical microstructures of the second micro-optical structure grid 30, 32 with a corresponding depth effect.
  • the larger, first pattern A shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 has a greater period length than the smaller, second pattern B.
  • Depth projection shown here is an image of large first patterns A from the perspective of an observer looking against the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02 onto the first micro-optical structure grid 31 in the background at a greater distance from the optical compared to the image of small second patterns B
  • Microstructures of the first microoptic structure grid 31 embodied, for example, as a lens grid.
  • an image of small, second pattern B takes place from the point of view of the viewer in the foreground who is looking against the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02 onto the first micro-optical structure grid 31 at a smaller distance from the optical microstructures of, for example, as compared to the image of large first pattern A a first micro-optical structure grid 31 formed by a lens grid.
  • this allows large patterns, corresponding to the first pattern A in Fig. 5 , at a great distance from the optical microstructures 33 of the first Micro-optical structure grid 31 and small patterns, corresponding to the second pattern B in Fig. 5 , near the optical microstructures 33 of the first micro-optical structure grid 31.
  • the projection can also be reversed. If the structures are imaged behind the first micro-optical structure grid 31 from the viewer's point of view, as shown in FIG Fig. 5 is shown, large patterns can be shown in the background and small ones in front. In the case of a forward projection in the direction of the observer looking against the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02 out of the area spanned by the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 31, the larger pattern would come closer to the observer than the smaller one.
  • a particularly strong depth effect occurs when at least approximately in one of the focal planes of the optical microstructures 33 comprising, for example, lenses or microlenses, of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 formed, for example, as a lens grid plate and / or film or as a microlens grid plate and / or film Focal surface 07 preferably regularly, periodically recurring arranged optical microstructures 33, such as geometrically arranged optical lenses and / or print patterns, of the remaining, second micro-optical structure grid 30, 32 are arranged, as shown in FIG Fig. 5 is shown.
  • the second micro-optic structure grid 32 - with its optical microstructures 33 formed, for example, by lenses and / or printed patterns, in the focal plane of the optical microstructures 33 of the remaining micro-optical structure grid 30, formed for example by microlenses, is particularly preferred according to the nomenclature used above, it is the first micro-optical structure grid 31 - arranged.
  • the optical microstructures 33 that form the second micro-optical structure grid 32 and are regularly arranged in a pattern, such as lenses and / or print patterns, can be placed in a certain period and geometric arrangement, for example, on one of the optical microstructures 33 of the first, formed for example by microlenses Micro-optical structure grid 31 provided surface opposite surface of the same, arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02, such as on opposite surfaces of an optical disk 05 arranged in the optical path, or different optical elements arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source, such as a light guide element 04 and an optical disk 05 or an inner side 06 of a light disk 102.
  • At least the optical microstructures 33 of at least the one to be imaged by the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31, preferably in the focal plane of the optical microstructures 33 comprising, for example, lenses or microlenses, for example as a lens grid plate and / or film or as a microlens grid plate and / or film formed first micro-optic structure grid 30, 31 lying second micro-optic structure grid 30, 32 have a three-dimensional, spatial extent.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the first micro-optic structure grid which are designed for example as a lens grid plate and / or film or as a microlens grid plate and / or film, are to be imaged by the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31, preferably in the focal plane of the optical microstructures 33 comprising, for example, lenses or microlenses 30, 31 lying optical microstructures 33 of the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 themselves do not have a flat structure which can be produced, for example, by a printing process, but rather a spatial structure which can be produced, for example, by an embossing process, the virtual image is given an additional spatial appearance.
  • the focal surface 07 can be flat or curved in two or three dimensions.
  • the optical microstructures 33 themselves can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional.
  • An orthogonal arrangement of the optical microstructures 33 within one or both microoptical structure grids 30, 31, 32 can be provided.
  • a nested arrangement of the optical microstructures 33 within one or both of the micro-optical structure grids 30, 31, 32 can be provided.
  • the nested arranged optical microstructures 33 of one or both micro-optical structure grids 30, 31, 32 can have hexagonal dimensions and thus form hexagonal structures.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the first micro-optical structure grid 30, 31 removed from the light source 02 can be applied to the inside 06 of a light pane 102.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the first micro-optical structure grid 30, 31, which is removed from the light source 02, can be applied to the front or rear of an optical disk 05.
  • one of the two micro-optic structure grids 30, 31, 32 or both micro-optic structure grids 30, 31, 32 can be formed by or comprise microlens structure grids.
  • the micro-optic structure grid (s) 30, 31, 32 can include, for example, at least one micro-optic structure grid plate and / or a micro-optic structure grid film with, preferably regularly, periodically arranged optical microstructures 33, such as optical lenses, in particular microlenses, or printed patterns, applied to it and / or incorporated therein.
  • micro-optical structure rasters 30, 31, 32 with transparent films or plates summarized under the term microstructure sheets with oppositely embossed or embossed or laminated or printed optical microstructures 33, for example microlenses.
  • the focal surface 07 of the micro-optic structure grid 30, 31 formed by the focal points of all optical microstructures, in particular microlenses, arranged for example on the front side of a micro-optical structure grid 30, 31 forming, for example, a first micro-optical structure grid 30, 31 is preferably on a side of the micro-structure sheet facing away from a viewer and accordingly facing the light source, for example on its back facing away from the viewer.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the second micro-optical structure grid 30, 32 are advantageously located within the focal surface 07.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the second micro-optical structure grid 30, 32 can be arranged on the opposite rear side of the micro-structure sheet.
  • the optical microstructures of the various micro-optical structure grids 30, 31, 32 can be arranged on two microstructure sheets produced independently of one another.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the various micro-optical structure grids 30, 31, 32 can be arranged on opposite surfaces of an optical element located in the optical path and thus one and the same optical element located in the optical path, or they can alternatively be arranged on different, for example opposite surfaces, different in the optical Path located optical elements be arranged.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of both micro-optical structure rasters 30, 31, 32 can be applied to the opposing surfaces of the optical disk 05, which form the front and rear sides.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the second micro-optical structure grid 30, 32 closer to the light source 02 can be applied to the front or rear of an optical disk 05 or to a light exit surface of a light guide element 04 into which the at least one light source 02 of the illuminant 01 radiates its light .
  • a light guide 04 arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02 it can be connected to the optical microstructures 33 of FIG second micro-optical structure grid 30, 32 be provided.
  • the first micro-optical structure grid 30, 31 is placed in front of the light guide 04 from the point of view of an observer looking at the side of the optical element arrangement facing away from the light source 02.
  • the first micro-optical structure grid 30, 31 is arranged downstream of the light guide element 04.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the first micro-optical structure grid 30, 31 removed from the light source 02 can be applied to the front or back of an optical disk 05, or they can be applied to the inside 06 of a light disk 102.
  • At least one LED and / or at least one OLED is preferably used as the light source 02.
  • the latter can be provided on its front side with the optical microstructures 33 of one of the micro-optical structure rasters 30, 31, 32, in particular of the second micro-optical structure raster 30, 32.
  • the illuminant 01 can additionally, individually or in any combination, for example to generate and / or contribute to the maintenance of a light distribution serving and / or necessary for a light function, one or more light guide elements 04 and / or one or more direct light guides and / or indirect reflectors and / or one or more lens systems and / or one or more diffusers.
  • a light guide is a totally reflective (TIR; Total Internal Reflection), light-guiding element with a light coupling area and a light decoupling area.
  • a light guide guides the light emitted by at least one, for example, concealed, light source 02 and coupled into it at a light coupling area in the direction of a coupling-out area and decouples it there again.
  • the decoupled light can be emitted directly, without a reflector, in the desired direction, or indirectly, in that it is radiated into a reflector, which then reflects it in the desired direction.
  • a previously described lamp 01 is advantageously provided for use in connection with a vehicle lamp 100.
  • FIG Fig. 6 Various configurations of corresponding vehicle lights 100 are shown in FIG Fig. 6 , Fig. 7 , Fig. 8 shown in whole or in part.
  • the vehicle lamp 100 comprises a lamp interior 103 at least partially enclosed by a lamp housing 101 and a lens 102.
  • the luminaire interior 103 houses at least in part at least one previously described illuminant 01 which is provided to fulfill at least one light function of the vehicle luminaire 100 or contributes to at least a predetermined light distribution of at least one light function of the vehicle luminaire 100.
  • FIG. 6 An exemplary embodiment of a vehicle lamp 100 designed as a rear lamp with a lamp 01 with several light sources 02, preferably designed as LEDs, with an optical element arrangement 03 comprising two optical element arrangement 03 arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light sources 02, is shown in a cross section.
  • the luminaire interior 103 of the in Fig. 6 The vehicle lamp 100 shown accommodates an optical disc 05, which is arranged as a plate and is arranged as a plate behind the light disc 102, seen from outside the lamp interior 103 through the light disc 102.On the one facing away from the light sources 02, one from outside the lamp interior 103 against the path of the light sources 02 A first micro-optic structure grid 30, 31 of the two micro-optic structure grids 30, 31, 32 is arranged on the front side of the optics disk 05 facing the observer looking through the light disk 102.
  • a second micro-optic structure grid 30, 32 of the two micro-optic structure grids 30, 31, 32 is located on the rear side of the optical disk 05 facing the light sources 02 and facing away from the viewer looking through the lens 102 from outside the luminaire interior 103 against the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 arranged.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 occupying the front side of the optical disk 05 are microlenses.
  • the thickness of the optical disk 05 corresponds to the focal length of these microlenses.
  • the second micro-optical structure raster 30, 32 applied to the rear side of the optical disk 05 has a structure of periodic patterns as optical microstructures 33.
  • diffusing screen 50 behind the optical screen, which is illuminated as a diffuser of the light emitted by the light sources 02 from the rear by the LEDs as light sources 02.
  • FIG. 7 Another embodiment of a vehicle light 100, also designed as a rear light, with a lamp 01 with an optical element arrangement 03 comprising two optical element raster 30, 31, 32 arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by at least one light source 02 is also shown in a cross section.
  • the luminaire interior 103 of the in Fig. 7 The vehicle lamp 100 shown accommodates an optical disc 05, which is arranged as a plate and is arranged as a plate behind the light disc 102, seen from outside the lamp interior 103 through the light disc 102.On the one facing away from the light sources 02, one from outside the lamp interior 103 against the path of the light sources 02 A first micro-optic structure raster 30, 31 of the two micro-optic structure rasters 30, 31, 32 is formed of the front side of the optical disc 05 facing the observer looking through the light disc 102.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 occupying the front side of the optical disk 05 are microlenses. The thickness of the optical disk 05 is smaller than the focal length of these microlenses.
  • the luminaire interior 103 of the vehicle lamp 100 also houses a light guide element 04 designed as a surface light guide, into which the light sources 02 of the illuminant 01, which are designed as LEDs and cannot be seen from outside the luminaire interior 103 through the lens 102, radiate the light emitted by them.
  • the light guide element 04 forwards the light radiated into it by means of total reflection in its interior until it is decoupled.
  • the light guide element 04 has at least one light coupling area with light coupling area parts provided on at least two opposing front and rear sides that connect its two-dimensional expansions to one another.
  • the front side of the light guide element 04 facing the lens 102 comprises the light decoupling area where the previously received from the Light coupled into light sources 02 emerges from the light guide element 04 again.
  • the rear side of the light guide element 04 facing away from the lens 102 is at least partially designed as a light deflecting surface which deflects the light coupled into the light guide element 04 from the light sources 02 at such an angle to at least one part of the front side occupied by the light extraction area that none Total reflection occurs and the light previously coupled in by the light sources 02 and deflected at the light deflecting surface emerges again at the front from the light guide element 04 in the direction of the lens 02.
  • the rear side of the light guide element 04 facing away from the light disk 102 and thus also a viewer facing away from the outside of the luminaire interior 103 against the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 through the light disk 102 is connected to the second micro-optical structure raster 30, 32 of the two micro-optical structure rasters 30, 31, 32 structured.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the front side of the optical disk 05 facing away from the light sources 02 and at least partially occupying a first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 facing the observer from outside the luminaire interior 103 against the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 against the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 through the lens 102 are involved preferably microlenses.
  • the distance between the front of the optical disc 05 facing away from the light sources 02, a front of the optical disc 05 facing away from the outside of the luminaire interior 103 against the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 through the lens 102 and the rear of the light guide element 04 designed as a surface light guide preferably corresponds at least roughly the focal length of these microlenses.
  • FIG. 8 an additional embodiment of a vehicle light 100, also designed as a rear light, with a light source 01 with an optical element arrangement 03 comprising two optical element arrangements 03 arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by at least one light source 02 is shown in a cross section.
  • the vehicle lights 100 shown here do not require an optical disk 05 housed in its interior 103 of the luminaire for one or both of the micro-optical structure rasters 30, 31, 32 of the optical element arrangement 03 of its illuminant 01.
  • the vehicle lamp 100 shown is on the inside 06 of the lens 102 facing away from the light sources 02 and facing away from the outside of the lamp interior 103 against the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 against the path of the viewer looking through the lens 102, the first micro-optic structure grid 30, 31 of the two micro-optic structure grid 30 , 31, 32 formed.
  • the luminaire interior 103 of the in Fig. 8 The vehicle light 100 shown accommodates a light guide element 04 designed as a surface light guide, into which the light sources 02 of the illuminant 01, which are designed as LEDs and cannot be seen from outside the light interior 103 through the lens 102, radiate the light emitted by them.
  • the structure of the light guide element 04 can correspond to that of the in Fig. 7 illustrated vehicle lamp 100 correspond to described.
  • the light guide element 04 in FIG Fig. 8 The vehicle light 100 shown, the rear side of the light guide element 04 facing away from the lens 102 can be designed at least in part as a light deflecting surface, which the light coupled into the light guide element 04 from the light sources 02 of the illuminant 01 at such an angle to at least one part of the front side occupied by the light extraction area of the light guide element 04 so that there is no total reflection and the light previously coupled in by the light sources 02 and deflected at the light deflecting surface exits the light guide element 04 in the direction of the lens 02 at the front.
  • the front or the rear of the light guide element 04 embodied as a surface light guide can be structured with the second micro-optic structure grid 30, 32 of the two micro-optic structure grids 30, 31, 32.
  • the rear side of the light guide element 04 with the second micro-optical structure raster 30, 32 of the two micro-optical structure rasters 30, facing away from the light disc 102 and thus also from outside the luminaire interior 103 against the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 through the light disc 102 is advantageous. 31, 32 structured.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the second micro-optical structure grid 30, 32 are also introduced into the light guide element 04, which can also be referred to as a light guide plate and is designed as a surface light guide, the optical depth effect generated by the superposition of the two micro-optical structure rasters 30, 31, 32 in the optical path is achieved with a very small overall depth, typically in the region of about 1 cm.
  • the optical microstructures 33 of the first micro-optical structure grid 30, 31, which at least partially occupies the inside 06 of the lens 102, are preferably microlenses.
  • the distance between the inside 06 of the lens 102 and the back of the light guide element 04 embodied as a surface light guide preferably corresponds at least approximately to the focal length of these microlenses.
  • a vehicle light 100 designed as a rear light which contains a microlens grid film or plate with microlenses as the first microoptic structure grid 30, 31, in whose focal plane there is a microstructure as a second microoptic structure grid 30, 32.
  • This microstructure is designed in such a way that at least one virtual image is generated by the microlenses which, when the viewer is looking against the path of the light emitted by the light source (s) 02 of the illuminant, is optically in front of or behind the first microoptic structure grid, referred to for short as the lens grid plane 30, 31 spanned area lies.
  • the microlenses are arranged in a periodic, two-dimensional, regular grid.
  • This grid can in particular be square ( Fig. 1 ), nested ( Fig. 2 ) or hexagonal ( Fig. 3 ) be.
  • the nested and hexagonal arrangement of the microlenses shown also called Flyeye lenses, offers optical advantages, one in Fig. 1
  • the square arrangement shown facilitates manufacture.
  • This periodic structure can also have distortions, for example if the lens structure is applied to a curved / curved surface. These distortions of the lens grid then extend over many period lengths of the lens grid, so that the grid does not have any large deformations locally.
  • the lens grid for covering a three-dimensionally curved / curved surface can also be designed as a projection of the regular lens grid onto this surface. This creates a lens structure that appears as a regular grid from a certain viewing direction. This viewing direction is, preferably from behind, onto the car that contains the rear light according to the invention.
  • the microlenses can be made of optically transparent plastics, e.g. by injection molding or hot stamping. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC).
  • PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • An alternative possibility is to emboss them in foils, for example made of polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS), using an embossing process and then to glue, laminate or otherwise apply these foils to an optically transparent carrier material, preferably PMMA or PC.
  • PP polypropylene
  • PS polystyrene
  • the diameter (the largest diameter in the case of non-circular lens apertures) of the individual lenses of the microlens grid is between 50 ⁇ m and 1.5 mm, preferably in the range from 150 ⁇ m to 1 mm. All microlenses have the same or approximately the same focal length.
  • the microlens grid can contain optically inactive areas between the individual lenses. These areas are preferably designed to be non-transparent (colored / black / metallic reflective) with a screen or colored layer, so that light can only pass through the lens apertures.
  • the opaque areas do not have to be limited to the optically inactive gaps between the lenses, but can additionally also comprise parts of the lenses, e.g. the outer areas of each lens to reduce aberrations.
  • a microstructure is located in the focal plane of the microlens grid facing away from the viewer. Is the microlens structure on a curved / domed surface applied, the focal plane follows this curvature / bend (the surface referred to here as the focal plane is then not a plane in the mathematical sense).
  • the microstructure can be a three-dimensional structure that is introduced into an optically transparent material. However, it can also be a flat structure that is formed from an optically opaque material and gaps in this material, for example a printed structure, a structured coating (e.g. made of metal or photoresist), or a structured film (e.g. metal foil). Furthermore, the microstructure can be formed from a material that contains transparent, non-transparent and optionally partially transparent areas, such as a developed photoactive layer or a photo film. It is also possible to combine both types of structures, for example by coating a three-dimensional structure in such a way that only the heights of the structure become non-transparent, but the valleys remain transparent. The coating can be done for example by painting.
  • this method is also conceivable the other way round, whereby the valleys of the structure are filled with non-transparent material and the heights remain transparent.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by first applying a non-transparent coating in a first processing step, which is then removed again in a further processing step, for example by polishing at the heights, whereby the structure is made transparent again at its heights.
  • the invention includes a structure in which the structured layer is introduced in or on a flat light guide ( Fig. 7 ).
  • the structure can be designed as described in the previous paragraph. However, it can also be completely nontransparent, but influence the light output from the light guide by means of differently reflecting or light-scattering areas.
  • microlenses and the microstructure can preferably be located on the front and back on the same carrier material ( Fig. 6 ). Alternatively, they can be applied to two or more connected carrier materials or arranged one behind the other without a direct connection (air gap between them).
  • the microstructure consists of one or more superimposed periodic patterns.
  • the symmetry of the patterns corresponds to that of the microlens grid, the period of the pattern being larger or smaller than that of the microlens grid (for example Fig. 4 ). If the period of a pattern is greater than that of the microlenses, The result is an enlarged, mirrored image of the pattern that appears to be in front of the microlens plane. If the period of the pattern is smaller than the period of the microlens grid, an optically enlarged image of the pattern is created that appears to lie behind the microlens plane (depth illusion).
  • the magnification of the pattern and the distance of the optical image from the microlens plane depend on the focal length f of the microlenses, the period g L of the microlens grid and on the period g s of the pattern.
  • b p L. ⁇ f / p L. - p s .
  • period p s of the pattern is smaller than the period of the lenticular screen, an enlarged, laterally correct image of the pattern is produced, which optically lies behind the lens plane. If the period p s of the pattern is greater than the period of the lenticular screen, an enlarged, mirror-inverted image of the pattern is created, which is optically in front of the lens plane. This image is usually not perceived by the viewer as lying in front of the lens plane because the image is cropped by the edge of the lenticular lens plate, whereby the human brain unconsciously concludes that the optical image cannot lie in front of the edge that is cropping it.
  • the structure is a three-dimensional structure
  • an additional three-dimensional appearance is created because light (e.g. sunlight) falling through the microlenses causes reflections and shadows on the three-dimensional structure, which make the enlarged image of the structure appear three-dimensional and three-dimensional.
  • the depth information in the structure is thus also visible in the image of the structure.
  • the structure depth must be significantly smaller than the focal length of the microlenses in order to ensure a sharp image of all structure areas.
  • the microstructure can consist of several different periodic patterns with periods that differ from one another.
  • the structure is imaged by the microlenses and an enlarged image of each periodic pattern is created, with the magnification and image width of each pattern being different ( Fig. 5 ).
  • the pattern is later optically imaged in front of another pattern, it is advantageous if the apparently front pattern in the structure is not covered by the pattern apparently at the back, but, if necessary, covers it.
  • the rear light according to the invention contains one or more light sources (e.g. incandescent lamps or LEDs), which preferably homogeneously illuminate and illuminate the microstructure from the side facing away from the lens.
  • the microstructure is located on or in a flat light guide into which the light from one or more light sources is coupled.
  • the optical element is preferably part of a legally prescribed light function of the rear light, preferably the tail light.
  • optical depth in a rear light consist in the visual appearance both in the illuminated state and in the switched-off state (cold design), whereby it must be taken into account that the rear light is always an essential design element of a motor vehicle.
  • the optical depth can be used to increase the visibility and perceptibility of light functions.
  • the invention enables the creation of great optical depth with a simultaneously shallow depth of the required installation space. Compared to the creation of optical depth with semitransparent mirrors, the invention has significantly greater scope for design. It is much easier to implement in mass production than a depth illusion with holograms.
  • the invention can be used commercially in particular in the field of the production of vehicle lights, in particular vehicle lights.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Moyen lumineux (01) ayant au moins une source de lumière (02) ainsi qu'un ensemble d'éléments optiques (03) disposé dans le chemin optique de la lumière émise par la source de lumière (02), dans lequel:
    - ledit ensemble d'éléments optiques (03) comprend deux trames de structure micro-optique (30, 31, 32) plates disposées l'une derrière l'autre dans le chemin optique,
    - chacune des deux trames de structure micro-optique (30, 31, 32) comprend des microstructures optiques (33) disposées selon un motif régulier périodiquement récurrent, et
    - l'une au moins des deux trames de structure micro-optique (30, 32) est disposée dans le plan focal des microstructures optiques (33) de la trame de structure micro-optique (30, 31) restante,
    caractérisé par le fait que les microstructures optiques (33) sont disposées sur des surfaces opposées d'un élément optique situé dans le chemin optique.
  2. Moyen lumineux selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les deux trames de structure micro-optique (30, 31, 32) présentent des motifs réguliers périodiquement récurrents à l'intérieur des surfaces qu'elles définissent chacune.
  3. Moyen lumineux selon la revendication 2, dans lequel les surfaces définies par les deux trames de structure micro-optique (30, 31, 32) sont situées parallèlement l'une à l'autre.
  4. Moyen lumineux selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, dans lequel au moins une trame de structure micro-optique (30, 31, 32) présente un motif ayant une disposition régulière des microstructures optiques (33) en rangées et colonnes s'étendant à angle droit les unes par rapport aux autres.
  5. Moyen lumineux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel au moins une trame de structure micro-optique (30, 31, 32) présente un motif ayant une disposition imbriquée des microstructures optiques (33) en rangées et colonnes s'étendant de façon oblique les unes par rapport aux autres.
  6. Moyen lumineux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les microstructures optiques (33) d'au moins une trame de structure micro-optique (30, 31, 32) présentent des extensions hexagonales au moins dans une surface qu'elles définissent.
  7. Moyen lumineux selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les microstructures (33) ayant une extension hexagonale sont directement contiguës les unes aux autres.
  8. Moyen lumineux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les microstructures optiques (33) sont formées par des microlentilles.
  9. Moyen lumineux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'une des deux trames de structure micro-optique (30, 32) présente des microstructures optiques (33) qui sont disposées en deux ou plusieurs motifs réguliers (A, B) superposés et périodiquement récurrents dont les périodes diffèrent les unes des autres.
  10. Lampe de véhicule (100) comprenant un volume intérieur de lampe (103) qui est entouré au moins en partie d'un boîtier de lampe (101) et d'une glace (102) et qui loge au moins en partie au moins un moyen lumineux (01) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, qui est prévu pour remplir au moins une fonction de lumière de la lampe de véhicule (100) ou qui contribue au moins à une répartition de lumière prédéterminée d'au moins une fonction de lumière de la lampe de véhicule (100).
EP17150062.2A 2017-01-02 2017-01-02 Dispositif d'éclairage et phare de véhicule en étant équipé Active EP3343089B1 (fr)

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EP17150062.2A EP3343089B1 (fr) 2017-01-02 2017-01-02 Dispositif d'éclairage et phare de véhicule en étant équipé

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DE202018106219U1 (de) 2018-10-31 2018-11-07 Odelo Gmbh Optikelementeanordnung, Leuchtmittel umfassend eine solche Optikelementeanordnung, sowie mit einem entsprechenden Leuchtmittel ausgestattete Fahrzeugleuchte

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DE10333370A1 (de) 2003-07-23 2005-02-24 Schott Ag Beleuchtungseinrichtung, Linse und Herstellung der Linse
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DE102010027322A1 (de) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-19 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Mikrooptik für angenähert transversalisotrope Aufweitung einer Scheinwerferlichtverteilung
DE102013008192A1 (de) 2013-05-14 2014-11-20 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
JP6144166B2 (ja) * 2013-09-18 2017-06-07 スタンレー電気株式会社 車両用灯具
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EP3343089A1 (fr) 2018-07-04

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