WO2004101616A1 - 肝臓X受容体αスプライシング変異体タンパク質、その遺伝子及びそれらの利用 - Google Patents
肝臓X受容体αスプライシング変異体タンパク質、その遺伝子及びそれらの利用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004101616A1 WO2004101616A1 PCT/JP2004/006814 JP2004006814W WO2004101616A1 WO 2004101616 A1 WO2004101616 A1 WO 2004101616A1 JP 2004006814 W JP2004006814 W JP 2004006814W WO 2004101616 A1 WO2004101616 A1 WO 2004101616A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/92—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving lipids, e.g. cholesterol, lipoproteins, or their receptors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
Definitions
- Liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant protein its gene and their use
- the present invention relates to a liver X receptor, which is an isoform of liver X receptor a.
- Cholesterol is an important lipid in the living body and also a component of various lipids. Cholesterol is biosynthesized from acetyl-CoA in the power absorbed by the intestinal tract by eating or in the liver. After the biosynthesized cholesterol is excreted from the liver, it can be reabsorbed in the small intestine, transported to the liver via the blood, and reused. In the liver, some cholesterol is metabolized to bile acids. Elevated cholesterol levels in the body due to any abnormalities cause hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis due to hypercholesterolemia. The mechanism of the onset of these high cholesterol-related diseases has not been fully elucidated. At present, cholesterol synthesis inhibitors (statins) and fibrate drugs are used as treatments for diseases caused by hypercholesterolemia. However, treatment with these drugs is not always satisfactory in some cases.
- statins cholesterol synthesis inhibitors
- fibrate drugs are used as treatments for diseases caused by hypercholesterolemia. However, treatment with these drugs is not always
- Cholesterol reabsorption and conversion to bile acids are performed by specific transporters or enzymes. Furthermore, it is known that liver X receptor, one of the nuclear receptors, is involved in the regulation of the expression of genes encoding these proteins.
- liver X receptor has two subtypes (liver X receptor and liver X receptor) (for example, Peet et al., Curr. Op in. Genet. Dev. 8; 571-575, 1998.).
- Liver X receptor forms a heterodimer with one of nuclear receptors, retinoid X receptor (RXR), and regulates the transcription of the target gene by binding to the transcriptional regulatory region of the target gene.
- RXR retinoid X receptor
- Liver X Subtypes and isoforms have also been found in nuclear receptors other than the receptors.For example, RAR, RXR and PPAR have three subtypes and isoforms in which the protein encoded by them has been altered.
- the isoforms of RAR and PPAR are thought to result from alternative splicing and / or control of different promoters, and are known to differ in their tissue specificity and role in their expression (eg, Takeyama et al. al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 222; 395-400, 1996.). Therefore, it is considered that the subtype and isoform of the nuclear receptor have different functions.
- liver X receptor ⁇ which plays an important role in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism, if there is an isoform that functions to alter normal cholesterol metabolism by normal liver X receptor ⁇ , Such isoforms are important for elucidating the relevance to pathological conditions whose function is directly or indirectly involved, and for developing pharmaceuticals for the prevention or treatment of those diseases. . Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention provides a novel liver X receptor ⁇ isoform of liver X receptor splicing mutant protein which is involved in the inhibition of normal cholesterol metabolism by normal liver X receptor, its gene, and genes thereof. Provide usage.
- the present invention provides
- liver X receptor ⁇ splicing variant protein (hereinafter referred to as the splicing mutation of the present invention), which is an isoform of liver X receptor ⁇ and has at least the amino acid sequence encoded by exon 5 of the liver X receptor gene.
- Liver X receptor alpha isoform comprising the amino acid sequence encoded by intron 5 of liver X receptor alpha gene, liver X receptor Splicing mutant protein (hereinafter sometimes referred to as splicing mutant protein 5% of the present invention); 3.
- the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing variant protein according to the above item 2 which has any one of the following amino acid sequences;
- liver X receptor splicing variant protein which is an isoform of the liver X receptor, which comprises an amino acid sequence encoded in a part of intron 6 of the liver X receptor ⁇ gene.
- the splicing variant protein of the present invention may be referred to as 6%.
- liver X receptor a splicing variant protein according to the above item 4, which has any one of the following amino acid sequences;
- liver X receptor according to any one of the above items 1 to 5, wherein the liver X receptor has a weak transcription activating ability as compared to the transcription activation ability of the normal liver X receptor a which the ligand has. a splicing variant protein;
- the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or a base sequence having complementarity to the base sequence A polynucleotide having:
- polypeptide according to item 11 which has one of the following amino acid sequences:
- a polynucleotide having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or a nucleotide sequence having complementarity to the nucleotide sequence;
- a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of the liver X receptor splicing variant protein according to any one of the preceding items 1 to 6, or the polynucleotide according to any one of the preceding items 7 to 10 (hereinafter referred to as , And may be collectively referred to as the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention.), Or a recombinant vector containing the same (hereinafter, also referred to as the present invention vector);
- a method for producing a vector having a step of introducing a vector capable of autonomous replication in a host cell (hereinafter referred to as a method for producing the vector of the present invention) Sometimes. );
- a method for producing a liver X receptor splicing mutant protein comprising the step of culturing the transformant according to the above item 17 to produce a liver X receptor a splicing mutant protein (hereinafter referred to as the present invention)
- a method for producing a splicing variant protein comprising the step of culturing the transformant according to the above item 17 to produce a liver X receptor a splicing mutant protein (hereinafter referred to as the present invention)
- a method for producing a splicing variant protein comprising the step of culturing the transformant according to the above item 17 to produce a liver X receptor a splicing mutant protein
- a polynucleotide having a base sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of any of the liver X receptor splicing variant proteins according to any one of the above items 1 to 6, or the polynucleotide according to the above items 7 to 10! A gene-deficient animal lacking the ability to express any of the polynucleotides;
- a polynucleotide having a base sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of any one of the polypeptides according to the above items 11 to 12 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the polypeptide gene of the present invention), or the above items 13 to 1 A recombinant vector containing any of the polynucleotides of 5;
- Polynucleotide having a base sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of any one of the polypeptides according to the above paragraphs 11 to 12, or any one of the polynucleotides according to the above paragraphs 13 to 15 is introduced into a host cell.
- liver X receptor splicing variant protein is any of the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing variant proteins according to 1 to 6 above;
- liver X receptor splicing variant protein is any of the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing variant proteins according to any one of 1 to 6 above;
- liver X receptor ⁇ cells that produce splice variant protein, wherein contacting the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing ligand mutant proteins, other undergoing expression regulation by the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant protein
- a first step of measuring the amount of the protein produced by contacting the cell producing the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing variant protein with both the ligand of the ff organ X receptor a splicing variant protein and the test substance A second step of measuring the amount of production of another protein that is subject to expression regulation by the liver X receptor splicing variant protein, and a step of measuring the amount of the other protein measured in the first step and the second step. Evaluating the antagonism of the test substance to the ligand based on the difference in the amount of production.
- liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant protein is any of the monthly X-receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant proteins described in 1 to 6 above;
- liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant protein selected by the screening method according to the above items 23 to 28;
- a second step of amplifying a partial region of the complementary DNA (cDNA) corresponding to the polynucleotide or the polynucleotide according to any one of the above items 13 to 15, and a third step of detecting the amplified partial region A method comprising the steps of:
- the step of detecting the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing variant protein based on an antigen-antibody reaction using an antibody capable of specifically detecting any one of the polypeptides according to the above paragraphs 11 and 12 is carried out.
- a first antibody capable of specifically detecting the splicing mutant protein or any one of the polypeptides described in 11 to 12 above is bound to a microtiter well.
- any of the liver X receptor hiss of items 1 to 6, wherein the biological sample A second step in which the pricing variant protein binds to the first antibody on the microtiter well; after the second step, a third step of removing all unbound biological samples in the microtiter well;
- a labeled second antibody capable of binding to a different epitope from the first antibody is replaced with a liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing variant protein bound to the first antibody.
- a method comprising a sixth step of detecting using the label of the antibody as an indicator
- liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing variant protein as a marker for examining cholesterol metabolism disorders
- the liver X receptor splicing variant protein is the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing variant protein according to the above item 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, or a liver X receptor sphing isoform.
- liver X receptor ⁇ as a marker for examining the presence of cancer cells, wherein the amino acid sequence encoded by exon 5 of the monthly X receptor ⁇ gene is deleted.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the structural domains of a normal liver X receptor ⁇ gene and three types of liver X receptor splicing variant protein genes. The translation region is shown in black.
- FIG. 2 shows PCR products amplified by PCR using cDNA derived from human normal tissue or human cancer tissue for type I and a primer (LXR a F LXR a R) specific for liver X receptor ⁇ . Part of the 1 ° // including brominated chimney.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of subjecting to agarose gel electrophoresis, visualizing amplified signals under ultraviolet irradiation after electrophoresis.
- Breast cancer Brea st carcinoma
- Lung cancer Lung carcinoma
- Colorectal cancer Colon adenocarcinoma
- FIG. 3 shows the results of PCR performed using cDNA derived from human normal tissue or human cancer tissue for type I and a primer set that specifically amplifies each of the three types of liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant proteins.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a PCR product amplified by the above method.
- the upper panel shows a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 designed to specifically amplify the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant protein 5 ⁇ and the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13
- FIG. 3 shows PCR products amplified by PCR performed using primers consisting of:
- the PCR product derived from hLXRa 5A is a DNA fragment having 432 base pairs.
- the lower panel shows a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 and the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14 designed to specifically amplify liver X receptor ⁇ ; splicing variant protein 6A.
- This figure shows PCR products amplified by PCR performed using different primers.
- the PCR product derived from the liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant protein 6 ⁇ is a DNA fragment having 429 base pairs. ⁇ After cloning, determine the nucleotide sequence of the PCR product obtained by each PCR reaction, and confirm that the target product has been amplified.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing the results of examining the expression of normal liver X receptor ⁇ and three types of liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant proteins in circulatory tissues.
- the upper panel shows an example in which the expression of normal liver X receptor ⁇ and liver X receptor a splicing mutant protein D5 was examined.
- the P.CR product from liver X receptor a splicing variant protein D5 is a DNA fragment with 416 base pairs.
- the middle panel shows a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 and the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 designed to specifically amplify liver X receptor a splicing mutant protein 5A.
- This figure shows products amplified by PCR performed using a primer consisting of:
- the PCR product derived from hLXRa5A is a DNA fragment having 432 base pairs.
- the lower panel shows a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 designed to specifically amplify the liver X receptor a splicing mutant protein 6A and the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14
- This figure shows products amplified by PCR using different primers.
- the PCR product derived from liver X receptor a splicing variant protein 6A is a DNA fragment with 429 base pairs.
- the base sequence of the PCR product obtained by each PCR reaction was determined after TA cloning, and it was confirmed that the target product was amplified.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of functional evaluation of liver X receptor splicing mutant proteins (D5, 5A and 6A) by a reporter assay in a transient expression system in HEK293 cells.
- TATA-LXREx 4-lucif erase vector and one of each of the three types of X-receptor X-receptor a-splicing mutant protein expression vectors were introduced into HEK293 cells and transcribed when various liver X-receptor ⁇ -ligands were added. The result of having measured the activity ability is shown.
- the untreated group was shown in white, the lg / ml 22R-hydroxycholesterol-treated section was shown in black, and the lg / ml 25-hydroxycholesterol-treated section was shown in gray.
- Each test plot also contains one 9-cis retinoic acid.
- the value of luciferase activity in the control group to which only the solvent was added (control) was taken as 100%, and the value of luciferase activity in each test group was shown as a relative value.
- WT means normal liver X receptor ⁇ .
- FIG. 4 is a view showing the results of measuring the transcriptional activity when coexisting with.
- Each test group also contains 1 ⁇ m of 9-cis retinoic acid.
- the present invention relates to a liver X receptor ⁇ splicing variant protein that is an isoform of liver X receptor ⁇ , its gene, and use thereof.
- liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant proteins isolated in the present invention one is an isoform containing the amino acid sequence encoded by intron 5 (the splicing mutant protein 5 ⁇ of the present invention), The other is an isoform (splicing variant protein 6 of the present invention) containing an amino acid sequence encoded in a partial region in intron 6. These amino acid sequences are newly discovered sequences.
- the other is an isoform lacking the amino acid sequence encoded by exon 5 (liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing variant protein D5).
- the amino acid sequence of this isoform was identical to the sequence already registered in the public database (GenBank Accession No. BC008819).
- the splicing mutant protein 5A of the present invention contains an amino acid sequence encoded by intron 5 downstream of an amino acid residue corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of the amino acid sequence encoded by exon 5 of normal liver X receptor a. Other than that, it has exactly the same nucleotide sequence as the normal type. Further, the splicing variant protein 6A of the present invention comprises an amino acid sequence encoded by a partial region in intron 6 downstream of an amino acid residue corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of the amino acid sequence encoded by exon 6, It has the exact same nucleotide sequence as the normal type.
- the liver X receptor splicing mutant protein D5 has the same amino acid sequence as the normal type except that the amino acid sequence encoded by exon 5 has been deleted.
- the normal liver X receptor a possesses the ability of these three types of liver X receptor a splicing mutant proteins to activate transcription by 22R-oxycholesterol, one of the ligands of liver X receptor a. This level is extremely weak or not recognized as compared with the transcription activation ability. Furthermore, when co-expressing normal liver X receptor a and each of the three types of liver X receptor a splicing mutant proteins described above, the ligand dependence observed when only normal liver X receptor a was expressed Transcriptional activation is remarkably suppressed. These findings suggest that the three types of liver X receptor a splicing mutant proteins are dominant negatively involved in the normal inhibition of normal cholesterol metabolism by normal liver X receptor a in vivo. You.
- the splicing variant protein of the present invention is an isoform of liver X receptor a and has at least the amino acid sequence encoded by exon 5.
- a typical example is an isoform of liver X receptor a containing an amino acid sequence encoded by intron 5 of liver X receptor a gene (ie, splicing mutant protein 5A of the present invention).
- An isoform of liver X receptor a containing an amino acid sequence encoded in a part of intron 6 of liver X receptor a gene (ie, splicing variant protein 6A of the present invention), etc. Can be given.
- splicing variant protein 5A of the present invention (1) an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, and (2) an amino acid sequence substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 Or (3) a liver X receptor a isoform having an amino acid sequence having 95% or more amino acid identity to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the splicing variant protein 6A of the present invention includes (1) an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, (2) an amino acid sequence substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, or (3) The liver X receptor a isoform having any one of the amino acid sequences having 95% or more amino acid identity to the amino acid sequence represented by 2 is exemplified.
- Such a splicing variant protein of the present invention has a weak transcription activating ability as compared with the ligand-activating ability of the normal liver X receptor a.
- substantially identical amino acid sequence when the amino acid sequence of a protein having a physiological activity is generally slightly changed, for example, one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence are deleted or substituted. It is a well-known fact that the biological activity of the protein may be maintained even when there is a change to be added, and therefore, the “substantially the same.
- amino acid sequence means that one or more amino acids in a specific amino acid sequence (ie, the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2) are deleted as long as the biological activity is substantially the same.
- lost, substituted or added human liver X receptor splicing variant proteins are also meant to be within the scope of the present invention.
- the number of amino acids to be modified as described above is at least one residue, specifically one or several (here, "several” is about 2 to about 10), or more. is there. The number of such modifications may be any range as long as the physiological activity of the protein is maintained. More specifically, in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2, 1 to 20 amino acids, preferably 1 to 10 amino acids, more preferably 1 to 5 amino acids are deleted or substituted. Or an added human liver X receptor splicing variant protein.
- Such a mutation may be a mutation naturally occurring due to, for example, the processing of a protein in a cell, a species difference, an individual difference, a difference between organs and tissues of an organism from which the protein is derived, or an artificial mutation.
- Amino acid mutations (for example, in the amino acid sequence of a protein created by introducing a mutation into DNA encoding a natural protein and expressing it by site-directed mutagenesis, mutagenesis, etc.) Amino acid mutation).
- Such a mutant protein obtained by deletion, substitution or addition of amino acids may include a conservatively substituted amino acid sequence.
- Non-limiting examples of such conservative substitutions include: 1 glycine, alanine; 2 parin, isoleucine, oral isine; 3 aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glutamine, 4 serine, Substitution between aliphatic chain-containing amino acid residues and substitution between polar groups, such as substitution of threonine; 5lysine, anoreginin; 6 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 6 6 6 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- Mutant proteins with amino acid deletions, substitutions, or amino acids can be obtained, for example, by introducing a site-specific mutation into a gene having a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence, which is known in the art (for example, Nelson and McClelland, Methods Enzymol, 216; 279, 1992, etc., using a method using a bumper mutation (gapped 'duplex method, Nucleic Acids Res., 12, 9441-9456, 1984), a method using PCR using mutagenic primers) Can be obtained by Site-directed mutagenesis can be performed using a synthetic primer containing the mutation to be introduced.
- an amplification reaction is carried out using the above-mentioned synthetic oligonucleotide and a primer having a nucleotide sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence thereof as a primer and a plasmid containing a normal liver X receptor gene as a ⁇ -type. Then, treatment with Dpn I, a methionylation-sensitive restriction enzyme, leaves only the newly formed DNA having the mutation.
- This reaction solution is used to transform Escherichia coli XLI-Blue, which is then plated on LB agar medium containing ampicillin. 37. (: Overnight, and isolate the plasmid from the proliferated colonies. This makes it possible to obtain a plasmid containing the mutated DNA.
- Kits based on the above method include, for example, the QuickChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Manufactured by Stratagene), etc. These may be used. The introduction of the desired mutation can be confirmed by determining its nucleotide sequence.
- a method for performing substitution or addition in addition to the above-described site-directed mutagenesis, a method of treating a gene with a mutagen or cleaving a gene with a restriction enzyme to remove, add, or remove a selected gene fragment Substitution followed by ligation can also be mentioned.
- the term “normal liver X receptor” refers to a liver X receptor ⁇ consisting of the most frequently occurring amino acid sequence in nature in the receptor protein derived from the same species of organism.
- the human-derived normal liver X receptor ⁇ includes a monthly X receptor ⁇ consisting of an amino acid sequence (GenBank Accession No. Access—005693) registered in a public database.
- amino acid identity and “base identity” refer to sequence identity and homology between two proteins or two DNs. Said "identity” is determined by comparing two sequences aligned optimally over the entire region of the sequence to be compared.
- the protein or DNA to be compared may have an addition or deletion (for example, a gap or the like) in the optimal alignment of the two sequences.
- identity can be calculated, for example, by creating an alignment using the ClustalW algorithm (Nucleic Acid Res., 22 (22): 4673-4680 (1994)) using Vector NTI.
- the identity can be measured using sequence analysis software, specifically, an analysis tool provided by Vect or NTI, GENETYX-MAC, or a public database. It is generally available at http: jww.ddbj.nig.ac.jp “Amino acid identical 'I” life ”in the present invention is based on the amino acid sequence, for example, about 95% or more.
- the “base identity” is based on the nucleotide sequence, and is preferably, for example, about 95% or more.
- the splicing variant protein of the present invention can be obtained by a hybridization method. It can be obtained by conventional genetic engineering methods such as PCR.
- RNA is extracted according to genetic engineering methods to synthesize single-stranded cDNA. Specifically, for example, liver This tissue is crushed in a solution containing a protein denaturant such as guanidine thiocyanate, and the denatured protein is further added to the crushed material by addition of black-mouthed form. After removing the denatured protein by centrifugation or the like, total RNA is extracted from the collected supernatant fraction using phenol, pore form, or the like.
- kits based on these methods include, for example, IS0GEN (manufactured by Nippon Gene) and TRIZ0L reagent (manufactured by Invitrogen).
- RNA was used as type I, and an oligo dT primer was bound to the polyA sequence of the mRNA, and a reverse transcriptase, for example, RNaseH-Superscript II Reverse Transcriptase (manufactured by Invitrogen) and the attached buffer and oligo were used.
- a reverse transcriptase for example, RNaseH-Superscript II Reverse Transcriptase (manufactured by Invitrogen) and the attached buffer and oligo were used.
- RNaseH-Superscript II Reverse Transcriptase manufactured by Invitrogen
- Incubate the reverse transcriptase with the dT primer by incubating at 42 ° C for 1 hour and then heating at 99 ° C for 5 minutes.
- the mRNA strand is nicked with RNaseH, the single-stranded cDNA is converted into type II, and double-stranded cDNA is synthesized with E. coli DNA polymerase I.
- the ends of the obtained double-stranded cDNA are blunt-ended with T4 DNA polymerase.
- the blunted double-stranded cDNA is introduced into a vector such as a pBluescript II vector or a pacteriophage, for example, gtll or EMBL3, using T4 ligase to prepare a cDNA library.
- kits based on these methods include, for example, cDNA Synthesis System Plus (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience) and TimeSaver cDNA synthesis kit (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience).
- hybridization is performed using, for example, a DNA having a partial nucleotide sequence of the nucleotide sequence represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 4, 7, and 8 as a probe.
- Conditions for hybridization include conditions that allow hybridization under stringent conditions. Hybridization is carried out, for example, as described in Sambrook, Frisch EF, Maniatis T., Molecular Cloning 2nd edition, published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory press (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory press), etc. This can be done according to the method. "Stringent conditions” refers to, for example, 45 ° C.
- the salt concentration in the washing step ranges, for example, from about 50 ° C under 2 XSSC (low stringency condition) to about 50 ° C under 0.2 XSSC (high stringency condition). ) Can be selected from.
- the temperature in the washing step can be selected, for example, from room temperature (low stringency conditions) to 65 ° C (high stringency conditions). It is also possible to change both salt concentration and temperature.
- the signal is detected by an X-ray film (eg, Hyperfilm-MP; manufactured by Amersham Bioscience) or a bioimaging system (BAS-2000; manufactured by Fuji Film), and the recombinant containing a vector having a base sequence binding to the probe is detected. You can get your body.
- an X-ray film eg, Hyperfilm-MP; manufactured by Amersham Bioscience
- a bioimaging system BAS-2000; manufactured by Fuji Film
- two primers may be selected from the nucleotide sequence represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 4, 7, and 8 so as to satisfy the following conditions.
- the primer length is 15 to 40 bases, preferably 20 to 30 bases.
- the ratio of guanine to cytosine in the primer is 40% to 60%, preferably 45% to 55%, more preferably 50% to 55%.
- adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine should not be partially biased in the primer sequence. For example, regions where guanine and cytosine repeat are not appropriate.
- the distance on the base sequence of the gene corresponding to the selected primer is preferably 100 to 3000 bases, more preferably 100 to 500 bases.
- PCR conditions include, for example, adding each primer to the reaction solution to a concentration of 200 nM, converting the single-stranded cDNA synthesized above into type II, for example, LA Taq DNA polymerase (Takara Shuzo) Perform PCR using the reaction buffer attached to the enzyme.
- PCR includes, for example, 94 ° C., 30 seconds, 55 ° C., 30 seconds, and 72 hours at 95 ° C. for 3 minutes. C.
- cDNA synthesized as described above commercially available cDNAs derived from various animals, such as Clonetech's Quick Clone cDNA, may be used.
- a part of the obtained reaction solution is analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the target band is directly or cut out from the gel, and then cloned into a pGEM-T Easy vector (promega) using a TA cloning system. .
- the nucleotide sequence of the inserted DNA fragment can be determined and confirmed by the dye terminator method.
- a vector that can be used in a host cell for transforming the thus-obtained polynucleotide having the nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of the splicing variant protein of the present invention (that is, the gene of the splicing variant protein of the present invention) can be introduced.
- a vector that is capable of autonomous replication in a host cell can be isolated and purified from the host cell, and has a detectable marker can be incorporated into a vector having a detectable marker in accordance with ordinary genetic engineering techniques.
- Vectors containing the inventive splicing variant protein gene can be constructed.
- vector containing the splicing mutant protein gene of the present invention examples include plasmid pUC19 (Takara Shuzo) and pBluescript II (Stratagene) when Escherichia coli is used as a host cell. it can.
- plasmid pACT2 manufactured by Clontech
- pYES2 manufactured by Invitrogen
- pRc / RSV When mammalian cells are used as host cells, pRc / RSV, pRc / CMV (Invitrodzin) And the like.
- An upstream motor operable in a host cell is operably linked to the upstream of the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention, and is integrated into the above-described vector to transfer the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention to the host.
- Vectors that can be expressed in cells can be constructed.
- the term "functionally linked" means that the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention is expressed under the control of a promoter in a host cell into which the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention is introduced. This means that the promoter and the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention are linked.
- the promoter used exhibits promoter activity in the host cell to be transformed.
- the promoter of the rat-tomato operon of O. faecalis Promoters such as a tac promoter and a T7 promoter can be mentioned.
- the host cell is an animal cell, examples thereof include a rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter, a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, and a simian virus (SV40) promoter.
- RSV rous sarcoma virus
- CMV cytomegalovirus
- SV40 simian virus
- the host cell is a budding yeast, examples thereof include an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) l gene promoter and a galactose metabolizing enzyme (GAL) 1 gene promoter.
- ADH alcohol dehydrogenase
- GAL galactose metabolizing enzyme
- the promoter of the vector When a vector that has a promoter that functions in the host cell is used in advance, the promoter of the vector is used so that the vector-containing promoter and the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention are operably linked.
- the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention may be inserted downstream.
- the aforementioned plasmids pRc / RSV, pRc / CMV, etc. have a cloning site downstream of a promoter operable in animal cells, and insert the splicing mutant protein gene of the present invention into the cloning site to obtain an animal.
- the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention When introduced into a cell, the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention can be expressed.
- the above-described budding yeast plasmid pACT2 has an ADH1 promoter. If the splicing mutant protein gene of the present invention is inserted downstream of the ADH1 promoter of the plasmid or a derivative thereof, the splicing mutant protein gene of the present invention can be obtained.
- budding yeast such as CG1945 strain (Clontech)
- the vector of the present invention that can be expressed in a large amount can be constructed.
- the transformant of the present invention can be obtained by introducing the splicing mutant protein gene of the present invention, the vector of the present invention, or the like into a host cell. As a method for introducing the splicing mutant protein gene of the present invention, the vector of the present invention, etc.
- an ordinary introducing method according to the host cell to be transformed can be applied.
- the host cell is a microorganism, Escherichia coli, the salt-forming calcium method described in Molecular 'Cloning 3rd Edition (Sambrook and Russell, Cold' Spring 'Harbor' Laboratory, 2001), etc.
- An ordinary method such as a deposition method can be used.
- the cells can be introduced into the cells by a common gene transfer method such as the calcium phosphate method, the electroporation method or the lipofection method.
- the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention may be expressed using yeast as a host cell.
- budding yeast for example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- yeast such as Pichia
- Methods for transforming yeast include, for example, the method of Ito et al. (J. Bacteriol. 153; 163-168, 1983).
- a transfer vector containing a nucleotide sequence homologous to the genome of the virus to be used can be used.
- transfer vectors include plasmids such as pVL1392 and pVL1393 (manufactured by Invitrogen).
- virus genome genomes of paculovirus, adenovirus and the like can be used.
- virus genome genomes of paculovirus, adenovirus and the like can be used.
- a virus is used as a vector, a general gene transfer method is used as described above.
- Viral DNA can be introduced into a host cell by virtue of the ability to introduce the viral DNA into the host cell, or by infecting the recombinant virus directly into the host cell.
- the splicing variant protein of the present invention can be prepared as a natural protein by a procedure such as extraction and purification from a naturally occurring organism, or it can be prepared as a thread recombinant protein using genetic engineering techniques. You can also.
- a purified protein can be prepared by preparing a crude extract from human cells and tissues and using various columns.
- the cells used herein are not particularly limited as long as they produce and express the splicing mutant protein of the present invention.
- liver-derived cells, kidney-derived cells, and the like can be used.
- those produced and expressed in an organism other than human can be prepared from the organism.
- the splicing mutant protein gene of the present invention or the vector of the present invention is transformed into a suitable host cell as described above, and the transformant (ie, the transformant of the present invention) ) To produce the liver X receptor splicing variant protein.
- the produced liver X receptor a splicing mutant protein is recovered according to a conventional method.
- the recovered splicing variant protein of the present invention is purified by an appropriate method depending on the purpose.
- the transformant of the present invention is a microorganism
- the transformant may be any of various types of carbon and nitrogen sources, organic salts, inorganic salts, and the like appropriately used for ordinary culture in a general microorganism. It is cultured using a medium.
- the culture is performed according to the usual method for general microorganisms, and solid culture and liquid culture (test tube shaking culture, reciprocal shaking culture, Jar Fermenter culture, tank culture, etc.) are possible. .
- the culture temperature can be appropriately changed within a range in which the microorganism grows.
- culture is generally performed in a culture temperature of about 15 ° C to about 40 ° C and a medium having a pH of about 6 to about 8.
- the culturing time varies depending on the culturing conditions, but is usually about 1 hour to about 24 hours.
- the induction time is preferably within one day, usually several hours.
- the transformant is an animal cell such as a mammal or an insect
- the transformant can be cultured using a medium used for ordinary culture of general cultured cells.
- a liquid medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) to a final concentration of about 5% (v / v) to about 10% (v / v) is used. Culturing at 37 ° C. in the presence of 5% CO 2 . After the cells have grown to confluence, for example, add 0.25% (v / v) trypsin / PBS solution to disperse the cells, dilute them several times, inoculate them into new dishes, and culture them. to continue. Similarly for insect cells, for example, 10 ° /. (v / v) Culture may be performed at a culture temperature of about 25 ° C. to about 30 ° C.
- a Grace medium containing FBS or a serum-free medium such as SF-900 manufactured by Invitrogen.
- SF-900 serum-free medium
- Recovery of the splicing variant protein of the present invention produced by the transformant of the present invention may be carried out by appropriately combining ordinary isolation and purification methods.
- the cells of the transformant are centrifuged.
- the cells are collected by separation or the like, and the collected cells are suspended in a normal buffer, for example, PBS containing an appropriate protease inhibitor.
- a normal buffer for example, PBS containing an appropriate protease inhibitor.
- the objective fraction containing the splicing mutant protein of the present invention can be obtained.
- the spliced mutant protein of the present invention which is a more purified object, can be recovered.
- the polypeptide of the present invention can be recovered by the same method as described above, instead of the splicing mutant protein of the present invention.
- the splicing variant protein of the present invention thus produced is used, for example, for ligand / receptor binding assay for evaluating the binding ability and the amount of the test substance to the splicing variant protein of the present invention. be able to.
- One Jung method comprises the steps that measure the change in the process and the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant protein contacting a test substance in the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant protein.
- any liver X-receptor splicing variant protein may be used.
- the splicing variant protein of the present invention can be mentioned as a particularly suitable one.
- the concentration of the test substance to be brought into contact with the liver X receptor splicing mutant protein may be generally about 0.1 ⁇ to about 10 ⁇ ⁇ , and 1 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ ⁇ . ⁇ is preferred.
- the time of contact with a test substance such as the liver X receptor splicing mutant protein is usually about 18 hours to about 60 hours, and preferably about 24 hours to about 40 hours.
- the ligand-receptor binding assay using the splicing variant protein of the present invention is a test method capable of measuring the binding ability of a chemical substance to the protein and quantifying the binding amount, and analyzing binding specificity and binding strength. is there. For example, in the state where the labeled ligand is bound to the splicing variant protein of the present invention recovered from the transformant of the present invention as described above, if the test substance is allowed to coexist with the ligand, the test substance and From competition with the labeled ligand, the labeled ligand is released from the splicing mutant protein of the present invention and binds to the splicing mutant protein of the present invention, depending on the affinity of both for the liver X receptor splicing mutant protein.
- the amount of the labeled ligand thus reduced, and thus the amount of the label bound to the splicing variant protein of the present invention is reduced. Therefore, by monitoring the amount of the free labeled ligand or the amount of the bound labeled ligand, the ability of the test substance to bind to the splicing variant protein of the present invention can be indirectly determined.
- the labeled ligand for example, tritium-labeled oxycholesterol and the like can be used.
- the reaction system is roughly divided into three groups. In one system, only the solvent was added where the labeled ligand was bound to the splicing variant protein of the invention. This corresponds to a system in which the concentration of the test substance is zero, and the labeling amount of the bound ligand obtained from this system indicates the total binding amount of the labeled ligand to the splicing variant protein of the present invention. .
- a labeling ligand is bound to the splicing variant protein of the present invention
- unlabeled oxycholesterol sufficiently saturates the splicing variant protein of the present invention and the labeled ligand
- a concentration eg, 10 ⁇
- the amount of the labeled labeled ligand obtained from this system is non-specific for the spliced variant protein of the present invention. It is determined as the amount of binding. Therefore, the specific binding amount of the labeled ligand to the splicing variant protein of the present invention is a value obtained by subtracting the latter non-specific binding amount from the former total binding amount.
- the test substance is added to the site where the labeled ligand is bound to the splicing mutant protein of the present invention, for example, at a final concentration of ⁇ .
- the amount of the labeled labeled ligand obtained from this system is zero when the concentration of the test substance determined as described above is zero. In this case, the amount becomes smaller than the specific binding amount of the labeled ligand to the splicing variant protein of the present invention.
- the ability of the test substance to bind to the splicing variant protein of the present invention can be examined. If the test substance contains a plurality of substances, the It is also possible to examine whether there is a substance exhibiting affinity for the inventive splicing mutant protein.
- the concentration of the test substance in the third system is changed and the assay is performed in the same manner to perform the binding-type labeling.
- the amount of the labeled ligand is measured.
- the evaluation of whether the liver X receptor splicing mutant protein activates the transcription of a gene under the control of a transcription regulatory region containing the binding sequence of liver X receptor ⁇ was performed.
- a reporter gene linked downstream of a transcription control region containing a liver X receptor binding sequence can be used for evaluation by a test method such as the reporter assay described below.
- Liver X receptor ⁇ forms a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR), which is one of the nuclear receptors, and binds to a transcription control region containing a binding sequence of liver X receptor to form the transcription. Regulates the transcription of genes under the control of control regions.
- the binding sequence of the monthly X-receptor ⁇ includes the specific sequence of the transcriptional regulatory region containing the core motif having a structure in which two “AGGTCA” (or related 6-nucleotide motif) are arranged in the same direction (cis sequence). ) Can be given.
- the spacer between the core motifs varies depending on the combination of heterodimers, and is 4 bp (DR4) in the case of the heterodimer between liver X receptor and retinoid receptor (eg, Lehman et al. , J. Biol. Chem., 272; 3137-3140, 1997.).
- the liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing variant protein, its gene or a partial region thereof according to the present invention relates to the relationship between the liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing variant protein and a pathological condition whose function is directly or indirectly involved. It is extremely useful for elucidating the disease and developing methods and drugs useful for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these pathological symptoms.
- an effective amount of a substance selected by the screening method of the present invention or a drug containing an antagonist to the substance as an active ingredient can be orally or parenterally administered to mammals such as humans.
- the drug when administered orally, can be used in usual forms such as tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions and the like.
- parenteral administration the drug can be used in the form of ordinary liquid preparations such as solutions, emulsions and suspensions.
- Examples of the method of parenterally administering the above-mentioned drug-containing fat accumulation regulator in the form described above include an injection method, a method of administering rectally in the form of a suppository, and the like.
- the above-mentioned appropriate dosage form can be prepared by mixing a substance selected by the screening method of the present invention or an antagonist to the substance with an acceptable ordinary carrier, excipient, binder, stabilizer, diluent, or the like. Can be manufactured.
- an acceptable buffer, solubilizing agent, isotonic agent and the like can be added.
- the dosage varies depending on the age, sex, body weight, degree of disease, the type of the drug, the dosage form, etc. of the mammal to be administered.
- 1 mg to about 2 g, preferably about 5 mg to about 1 g of the active ingredient may be administered, and for injection, an adult may receive about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient.
- the above-mentioned daily dose can be administered once or in several divided doses.
- the present relevance to the pathological condition directly or indirectly involving the splicing variant protein is as follows: first, identify the ligand, and then identify the genes that are transcriptionally regulated by the ligand and the splicing variant protein of the present invention. This can be clarified.
- the ligand is identified by bringing a test substance into contact with the splicing variant protein of the present invention or the polypeptide of the present invention, thereby changing the expression level of a gene group that is transcriptionally regulated by the splicing variant protein of the present invention or the polypeptide of the present invention. Can be performed by detecting
- the method of screening for a substance that acts on the liver X receptor Q; splicing variant protein includes the step of contacting the test substance with a cell that produces the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing variant protein; Measuring a production amount of another protein whose expression is regulated by the splicing variant protein, and evaluating an action of the test substance on the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing variant protein based on the production amount. Method may be used.
- a cell that produces a liver X receptor splicing variant protein is any cell that produces a liver X receptor splicing variant protein.
- cells producing the splicing variant protein of the present invention can be mentioned as particularly suitable.
- the concentration of the test substance to be brought into contact with the cells that produce the liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing variant protein is usually about 0.1 to about 10 / ⁇ , preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ .
- Liver X receptor 0; Splicing variant The time for contacting the cell producing the protein with the test substance is usually about 18 to 60 hours, preferably about 24 to 40 hours. .
- the above-mentioned monthly X receptor splicing variant protein is added to a cell that produces the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing variant protein.
- the first step of measuring the amount of production of other proteins whose expression is regulated by the liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing variant protein, the cells producing the splicing variant protein of the present invention The liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant protein is brought into contact with both the ligand and the test substance, and the amount of production of another protein whose expression is regulated by the liver X receptor splicing mutant protein is measured.
- the liver X receptor splicing mutant protein may be any liver X receptor a splicing mutant protein, and for example, the splicing mutant protein of the present invention can be mentioned as a particularly suitable one.
- the concentration of the ligand or the test substance to be brought into contact with the cells that produce the liver X receptor splicing mutant protein is usually about 0.1 ⁇ to about 10 ⁇ , and 1 ⁇ to 10 ⁇ . ⁇ is preferred.
- the time for contacting the cells producing the monthly X-receptor ⁇ -splicing variant protein with the ligand or the test substance is usually about 18 to 60 hours, preferably about 24 to 40 hours. No.
- the splicing mutant protein of the present invention or a fragment thereof can be used.
- the splicing variant protein of the present invention and the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing variant There is also a method of constructing an expression system for the target gene to which the protein binds, and detecting an increase in the target gene product protein due to the addition of the ligand.
- a reporter gene that expresses a reporter protein under the control of the target gene promoter such as luciferase, chloramue-coal acetyl transferase, galactosidase, etc.
- the target gene can be expressed in the host cell.
- a chimeric gene of the ligand binding region of the protein and a DNA binding protein is expressed, and the presence or absence of the gene can be detected as a reporter gene.
- a plasmid in which a gene encoding the above-described reporter protein and a minimally active promoter are linked downstream of the base sequence to which the DNA-binding protein binds can be used. , LexA, etc. can be used.
- An expression system for the splicing mutant protein and the target gene to which the liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant protein binds, and a plasmid for expressing a chimeric gene between the ligand-binding region of the protein and the DNA-binding protein, are commonly used. It can be prepared by genetic recombination techniques.
- a gene whose expression is controlled by the splicing mutant protein of the present invention can be obtained. It can also be specified.
- the association with the pathological condition directly or indirectly involving the splicing variant protein of the present invention is based on the expression of the target gene when the cell expressing the splicing variant protein of the present invention is contacted with an antagonist or agonist.
- the elucidation can be made by specifying the gene to be activated.
- the method for detecting the presence or absence of the splicing variant protein of the present invention includes the first step of synthesizing complementary DNA (cDNA) from messenger RNA (mRNA) in a biological sample, the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention or the polymorphism of the present invention. ⁇ For peptide genes, etc. A method comprising a second step of amplifying the corresponding partial region of the complementary DNA (cDNA) and a third step of detecting the amplified partial region.
- Specific examples of the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention or the polypeptide gene of the present invention include a polynucleotide having the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 7, or 8.
- the polynucleotide is selected from the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, or SEQ ID NO: 14.
- a step in which amplification is performed by a PCR method using one or a plurality of primers can also be preferably used.
- the splicing mutant of the present invention relates to experimental animals such as gene-deficient animals and the like, which are deficient in expressing a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence of the splicing mutant of the present invention.
- a model obtained by disrupting (inactivating) a gene having a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence of an endogenous splicing mutant derived from an experimental animal having a function of a gene having a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence of a protein By preparing an animal and analyzing the physical, biological, pathological and genetic characteristics of this model animal, it is possible to elucidate the relationship between the function of the splicing variant protein of the present invention and disease. It becomes possible.
- the human-derived gene of the present invention into a model animal in which a gene having a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of the endogenous liver X receptor splicing mutant protein described above has been disrupted (inactivated).
- a drug compound, etc.
- the present invention further provides a salt of the polypeptide gene of the present invention for gene therapy.
- the present invention also provides use of a specific DNA probe for a base sequence and use of a specific RNA probe for a base sequence of the polypeptide gene of the present invention for gene therapy.
- a normal type consisting of all or a part of a gene (DNA or RNA) having a base sequence (or a base sequence complementary to the base sequence) encoding the amino acid sequence of the splicing variant protein of the present invention.
- the present invention also provides a diagnostic probe for a disease associated with the inhibition of normal cholesterol metabolism by "liver X receptor" and a diagnostic agent for a disease associated with the disorder, which comprises the probe.
- liver X receptor a diagnostic agent for a disease associated with the disorder
- the diagnostic probe is all or part of the antisense strand of the splicing variant protein gene (DNA, RNA, cDNA) of the present invention, and has a length (at least 2 It is not particularly limited as long as it has (0 base or more).
- a suitable buffer or a sterile water in order to use the probe as an active ingredient of the diagnostic agent, it is preferable to dissolve the probe in a suitable buffer or a sterile water so that the probe is not decomposed.
- the in situ hybridization method include the method described in J. Neurobiol. 29, 1-17 (1996). It is also possible to use the in situ PCR method.
- a probe In the diagnosis, not only a probe but also an antibody (see below) that specifically recognizes the splicing mutant protein of the present invention can be used.
- normal liver X receptor is detected by immunostaining. It is possible to detect the presence and progress of diseases related to the inhibition of normal cholesterol metabolism by body ⁇ (Dev. Biol. 170, 207-222 (1995); J. Neurobiol. 29, 1-17 (1996). ))).
- the antibody to be used can be prepared by a usual method described in, for example, Antibodies si Laboratory Manual, Lane, HD et al., Published by Cold Spring Harber Looratory Press, New York 1989.
- the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention or the polypeptide gene of the present invention itself is useful for use in gene therapy as an antisense drug that controls the function of the splicing variant protein of the present invention at the gene level.
- an array A base sequence of 20 or more bases contained in No. 7 or 8, preferably a base sequence of about 30 bases can be used.
- the aforementioned antisense drugs include not only DNA but also RNA.
- the base sequence may be a sense sequence or an antisense sequence (ie, a base sequence having complementarity with the sense sequence).
- the “polypeptide of the present invention” and the “polypeptide of the present invention” are, as described above, a partial region (partial polypeptide) of the splicing variant protein of the present invention or a corresponding gene of the splicing variant protein gene of the present invention.
- a partial region (partial polynucleotide) which means a polypeptide consisting of a region that does not exist in the normal liver X receptor or a polynucleotide corresponding thereto. Preferably, it contains at least 6 consecutive amino acids or at least 18 consecutive bases.
- a typical example is the amino acid sequence of the liver X receptor ⁇ isoform (splicing variant protein 5 ⁇ of the present invention) containing intron 5 of the liver X receptor gene as an exon.
- a polypeptide comprising a region not present in X receptor ⁇ or a polynucleotide corresponding thereto; a liver X receptor ⁇ comprising a part of intron 6 of liver X receptor ⁇ gene as exon
- the amino acid sequence of the isoform of the present invention the splicing variant protein of the present invention, 6 ⁇
- a polynucleotide having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or a polynucleotide having a base sequence corresponding thereto for example, a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7
- a polynucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 and a polynucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 6
- a polynucleotide having a base sequence corresponding thereto for example, a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8.
- the polynucleotide having the nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of the above-described polypeptide or the recombinant vector containing the above-described polynucleotide may be prepared according to the above-described vector preparation method of the present invention. Furthermore, the set thus prepared A transformant can also be prepared by introducing the recombinant vector into a host cell according to the above-described method for preparing a transformant of the present invention.
- the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 or 8 is used as a probe or primer to further splice variant liver X receptor other than the splicing variant protein of the present invention. It can be used as a search tool for foreign proteins. It is desirable that the length be a base sequence containing at least 15 consecutive bases. Probes can be labeled by conventional methods, for example, with radioisotopes, digoxigenin, biotin, detectable enzymes, and the like.
- the probe thus labeled is hybridized with a cDNA library and cloned. Hybridization can be performed by a commonly used method and conditions. For example, 1 ⁇ SSC, 0.5 (w / v) SDS, washing at 65 ° C.
- the cDNA library may be derived from animals including mammals, but is particularly preferably derived from human itotsuoi 'cells. An antibody or a part of an antibody that specifically recognizes the splicing variant protein of the present invention can be prepared.
- Antibodies that specifically recognize the splicing variant protein of the present invention having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 5, or 6 include, for example, the splicing variant of the present invention obtained by the above-described conventional method of genetic recombination. Using a body protein or a partial region thereof (polypeptide) or a peptide fragment having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6, it is usually used for producing an antibody such as a heron, a guinea pig, a rat, a mouse, a goat or a sheep. It can be obtained by immunizing animals.
- a monoclonal antibody can be obtained by fusing spleen cells of an immunized mammal with myeoma cells.
- Methods for detecting the presence or absence of the splicing variant protein of the present invention using these antibodies include, for example, an antibody capable of specifically detecting the splicing variant protein of the present invention or the polypeptide of the present invention.
- a method comprising the step of detecting the liver X receptor splicing variant protein based on the antigen-antibody reaction used can be mentioned.
- a first step of binding a splicing variant protein of the present invention or a first antibody capable of specifically detecting the polypeptide of the present invention to a microtiter well The second step of binding the splicing variant protein of the present invention to the first antibody on the microtiter well, after the second step, all unbound states in the microtiter well (ie, free)
- Example 1 (Cloning of Monthly Collection X Receptor ⁇ Splicing Mutant Protein Gene)
- a region corresponding to exon 4 to exon 8 of the human liver X receptor ⁇ gene can be programmed using a programmable thermal cycler. Amplification was performed by the PCR method. The primer was based on the nucleotide sequence of the human liver X receptor a gene (Willy et al., Genes Dev.
- a primer having the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand (SEQ ID NO: 9, LXR aF) and a primer having the nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand of exon 8 (SEQ ID NO: 10, LXR aR) were designed and chemically synthesized.
- the reaction conditions for the PCR method were as follows. 1.
- Plasmid DNA was extracted and isolated from the grown Escherichia coli according to a conventional method. After the isolated plasmid DNA was cleaved with the restriction enzyme EcoRI, it was subjected to 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. After electrophoresis, the size of the inserted DNA fragment was confirmed under ultraviolet irradiation. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence of the inserted DNA fragment was determined. Thus, the liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant protein gene was cloned.
- Example 2 (Identification of Pand of Liver X Receptor ⁇ : Presence of Alternative Splicing Transcript) Specific to liver X receptor C consisting of any of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOS: 9 and 10 DNA fragments were amplified using the primers (1 ⁇ 0 ⁇ and 1 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 40; 1) and cDNA derived from human normal tissue or human cancer tissue as type III. The results are shown in Fig. 2. Pand consisting of 506 base pairs shown in the figure shows a known normal liver X receptor ⁇ gene. It corresponded to the amplification band derived from it.
- Example 3 (Cloning of liver X receptor splicing variant protein gene)
- the PCR product related to liver X receptor ⁇ was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined.
- the primers for PCR for amplification and cloning the sense primer (LXR aF, SEQ ID NO: 9) and the antisense primer (LXR aR, SEQ ID NO: 10) used in Example 1 were used.
- PCR was performed using cDNAs derived from human normal tissues and human cancer tissues as type I, and the resulting PCR products were directly ligated to pGEM-T Easy vector (manufactured by Puguchi Mega) by the TA cloning method. As in Example 1, the size of the inserted DNA fragment was confirmed, and then the base sequence of the inserted DNA fragment was determined.
- liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant protein identification As a result, in addition to the DNA encoding the splicing variant protein D5, a new gene was added to the liver X receptor 0, in which the amino acid sequence encoded by exon 5 was deleted from the monthly X receptor derived from human normal tissue.
- Two novel liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant proteins (encoded in the liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant protein with an inserted amino acid sequence in intron 5 and in a partial region in intron 6) The presence of DNA encoding the amino acid sequence-inserted liver X receptor ⁇ - splicing variant protein was clearly shown in Example 4.
- Example 4 (The amino acid sequence encoded by intron 5 was inserted.) Liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant protein identification)
- HLXR (0RF) _F / H SEQ ID NO: 11
- hLXR a (0RF) —R / B sequence as an antisense primer
- the DNA fragment was amplified by PCR using No. 12) and a human liver-derived cDNA (Clontech) as type III.
- the reaction conditions for the PCR method were as follows.
- This reaction solution was heat-denatured at 96 ° C for 3 minutes, and then subjected to 35 cycles of reaction at 96 ° C for 30 seconds, 55 ° C for 30 seconds and 72 ° C for 90 seconds.
- a part of the obtained PCR products were electrophoresed on 1% Agarosugeru containing odor Chemical Chijiumu, after confirming the amplified DNA fragments, PCR products 1 At 1 to P GEM_T Easy vector (Promega) Ligation was performed using a TA crawling system. Ligation was performed according to the method recommended by the kit used. Using the obtained ligation reaction mixture, E. coli JM109 strain was transformed according to the method recommended by the manufacturer (competent cell, Takara Shuzo).
- the obtained cells were spread on an LB agar medium containing ampicillin coated with X_gal and disopropyl ⁇ -D-galatatopyranoside (IPTG), and this was cultured at 37 ° C.
- colony PCR is performed using a transformant that has formed an ampicillin-resistant white colony on the agar medium to obtain a translation region encoding a liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant protein into which intron 5 has been inserted. Whole clones were detected.
- the reaction conditions for the colony PCR were as follows.
- LXR-F (SEQ ID NO: 9) was used as a sense primer, and a specific primer LXR a5 ⁇ —R (SEQ ID NO: 13) designed based on the nucleotide sequence in intron 5 was used as an antisense primer.
- a reaction solution containing a mixture of these two primers, Ex Taq DNA Polymerase (Takara Shuzo), and 200 nM deoxyribonucleotide was prepared. After suspending a small amount of the above-mentioned white transformant collected from the plate, the reaction solution is heat-denatured at 95 ° C for 5 minutes, and then denatured at 94 ° C for 30 seconds.
- the reaction was performed for 25 cycles at 30 ° C for 30 seconds and at 74 ° C for 30 seconds as one cycle.
- the obtained PCR product was subjected to electrophoresis on an agarose gel containing bromide medium, and after confirming the amplification of the DNA fragment, a plasmid was extracted from the transformant in which the amplification of the DNA fragment was confirmed.
- the base sequence of the DNA fragment inserted into the plasmid
- a clone containing the entire translation region containing the liver X receptor splicing mutant protein into which intron 5 was inserted was obtained.
- liver X receptor “splicing variant protein” has the amino acid sequence encoded by intron 5 inserted into the normal liver X receptor, and is named liver X receptor splicing variant protein 5A.
- Figure 1 shows a comparison between the translation region encoding human normal liver X receptor and the translation region encoding liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing variant protein 5 ⁇ .
- the only difference in the translation region encoding liver X receptor a splice variant protein 5 ⁇ compared to the translation region encoding body a is that intron 5 is included in the translation region. No differences were found in the sequence Even when intron 5 was inserted as a new translation region between exons 5 and 6, 192 bases (SEQ ID NO: 7) were inserted.
- Liver X receptor splicing mutant protein 5 ⁇ The amino acid sequence derived from the translation region to be converted is a protein consisting of 511 amino acids (1533 bases) out of the amino acid sequence of the liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant protein, the amino acid sequence encoded by intron 5 (SEQ ID NO: When the homology of 5) was searched using the genome database and the protein database, it was found that no amino acid sequence having more than 30% homology exists in the database.
- Amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 5) encoded by intron 5 of ⁇ -splicing variant protein
- Example 5 Identification of a translation region encoding a liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant protein containing a novel nucleotide sequence (109 bases) added downstream of exon 6)
- liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant protein into which a partial region in intron 6 has been inserted, as in Example 4, hLXR o; 0RF)-F / H (SEQ ID NO: 11) and hLXRo; (0RF)-RZB (SEQ ID NO: 12) as antisense primers, and human liver-derived cDNA (Clontech) for type I
- the DNA fragment was amplified by the PCR method.
- the reaction conditions for the PCR method were as follows.
- LA Taq DNA Polymerase (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.), 200 sense primer nmol, 5 0 ⁇ 1 of a reaction solution containing 200 nmol of single-stranded cDNA is an antisense primer and ⁇ (Clontech liver-derived cDNA) ( MgCl 2 and a mixture of hydroxyribonucleotides) were prepared.
- This reaction solution was heat-denatured at 96 ° C for 3 minutes, and then subjected to 35 cycles of reaction at 96 ° C for 30 seconds, 55 ° C for 3 seconds and 72 ° C for 90 seconds as one cycle.
- a portion of the obtained PCR product is electrophoresed on an agarose gel containing bromide thidium, and after confirming the amplification of the DNA fragment, the PCR product is transferred to pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega) using a TA cloning system. Ligation was performed using Ligation was performed according to the method recommended by the kit used. The resulting ligation reaction solution was used to transform Escherichia coli JM109 strain according to the method recommended by the manufacturer of a competent cell (Takara Shuzo) 1. The obtained cells were plated on LB agar medium containing ampicillin coated with X-gal and isopeptyl ⁇ -D-galactobilanoside (IPTG), and cultured at 37 ° C overnight.
- IPTG isopeptyl ⁇ -D-galactobilanoside
- a 30 ⁇ l reaction mixture containing these two primers, Ex Taq DNA Polymerase (Takara Shuzo), and a 200 nM mixture of deoxyribonucleotides was prepared. After suspending a small amount of the above-mentioned white transformant collected from the plate, heat denaturation of the reaction solution at 95 ° C for 5 minutes, and then heat denaturation at 94 ° C for 30 seconds and 55 ° C The reaction was performed for 25 cycles, with one cycle of 30 seconds at C and 30 seconds at 74 ° C.
- the obtained PCR product was electrophoresed on an agarose gel containing bromide medium, and after confirming the amplification of the DNA fragment, a plasmid was extracted from the transformant in which the amplification of the DNA fragment was confirmed.
- a clone containing the entire translation region containing the liver X receptor splicing mutant protein into which a partial region in intron 6 was inserted was obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows a comparison between the translated region encoding human normal liver X receptor ⁇ and the translated region encoding liver X receptor a splice variant protein 6 ⁇ .
- liver X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant proteins found by the present invention are present in RNAs derived from human normal tissues and human cancer tissues.
- a primer consisting of any one of the nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 9, 10, 13, and 14 to specifically amplify each liver S-storage X receptor ⁇ -splicing mutant protein PCR was performed using cDNAs derived from tissues and human cancer tissues for type III.
- LXR aF SEQ ID NO: 9
- LXR CKR SEQ ID NO: 10
- a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, which specifically amplifies the monthly receptor X receptor splicing variant protein 5A were used as described above.
- liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant protein 5 ⁇ resulted in amplification of a DNA fragment with 432 base pairs, and liver X receptor a splicing mutant protein.
- PCR was performed in the same manner as described above using a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14 to specifically amplify 6A, the liver X receptor a splicing mutation
- Amplification of a DNA fragment derived from body protein 6A results in amplification of a DNA fragment having 428 base pairs.
- PCR was performed for the absence of type III DNA to check for DNA contamination in the reagent. The results are shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4.
- Liver X receptor splicing mutant protein 5A was expressed in some human cancer tissues.
- Liver X receptor a splicing mutant protein 6A was highly expressed in human circulatory tissues.
- Liver X receptor "splicing variant protein D5 was expressed at high levels in human cancer tissues.
- Example 7 Construction of vector expressing liver X receptor a splicing mutant protein
- Normal liver X receptor a and three kinds of liver X receptor a splicing mutant proteins were cut with restriction enzymes Hind and BamHI according to the method recommended by the manufacturer.
- the solution treated with the enzyme was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and a DNA fragment corresponding to the insert DNA was recovered from the gel.
- the recovered DNA fragment was cloned into pFLAG-CMV2 (Sigma) which had been cut with Hind III and BamHI in advance.
- T4 ligase was added thereto, and the mixture was added to Ligation was performed at 30 ° C for 30 minutes. Ligation was performed according to the method recommended by the kit used. The resulting ligation reaction mixture was used to transform E. coli JM109 strain according to the method recommended by the manufacturer of the competent cell (Takara Shuzo). The obtained cells were spread on an LB agar medium containing ampicillin coated with X-gal and disopropyl-D-galatatoviranoside (IPTG), and cultured at 37 ° C overnight.
- IPTG X-gal and disopropyl-D-galatatoviranoside
- plasmid DNA was prepared from ampicillin-resistant white colonies formed on the agar medium. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence of the inserted DNA fragment was determined. The obtained nucleotide sequence is compared with the nucleotide sequence obtained by the direct sequence described above, and a plasmid having a confirmed that the nucleotide sequence of the translation region is completely identical is selected. They were named PCMV2-hLXR a WT, pCMV2-hLXR a 5A, pCMV2-hLXR a 6A, and pCMV2-hLXR a D5.
- Example 8 Preparation of Plasmid Containing Luciferase Reporter Gene Having Liver X Receptor a Binding Sequence
- Two oligonucleotides consisting of a base sequence derived from the leader sequence and a base sequence in the vicinity of the TATA box of the mouse metamouth zionine I gene i.e., an oligonucleotide consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15 and a base sequence consisting of SEQ ID NO: 16
- An oligonucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown was annealed to form a double-stranded DNA, which was reacted with T4 polynucleotide kinase, and both ends were phosphorylated (hereinafter, the DNA was referred to as TA TA DNA Described).
- plasmid pGL3-Basic vector (promega) containing the firefly luciferase gene was digested with restriction enzymes Bgl II and Hind III, and then bacterial-derived alkaline phosphatase (BAP) was added thereto. Incubated for hours. Then, The hot solution was subjected to electrophoresis using low-melting point agarose (Agarose L; manufactured by Futatsu Gene), and then a DNA fragment was recovered from the gel of the detected band. About 100 ng of the recovered DNA fragment and about 1 g of the above-mentioned TATA DNA were mixed and ligated with T4 ligase to prepare a plasmid pGL3-TATA.
- BAP bacterial-derived alkaline phosphatase
- Oligonucleotides comprising the base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 17) upstream of the cholesterol 7 ⁇ -hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene of the cytochrome P450 family containing the liver X receptor binding sequence (LXRE) and the base sequence Oligonucleotides consisting of complementary nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NO: 18) are synthesized, annealed to form double-stranded DNA (hereinafter referred to as LXRE DNA), and then subjected to T4 ligase. This allowed LXRE DNA to bind in tandem. The resulting DNA fragment was reacted with T4 polynucleotide kinase to phosphorylate both ends, thereby obtaining a phosphorylated tandem-binding DNA fragment.
- LXRE DNA double-stranded DNA
- pGL3-TATA was digested with a restriction enzyme MluI, and alkaline phosphatase derived from Escherichia coli was added, followed by incubation at 65 ° C for 1 hour. After subjecting the incubating solution to low-melting point agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments were recovered from the gel in the detected band. And D NA of recovered about 100 ng, was mixed with about 1 mu ⁇ of the phosphorylated tandem linked DNA fragments, to ⁇ Ka ⁇ T4 ligase to this, 30 the mixture at 16 ° C Minutes of ligation. Ligation was performed according to the method recommended by the kit used. The resulting ligation reaction mixture was used to transform E.
- coli DH5 competent cells (Takara Shuzo) according to the method recommended by the manufacturer.
- the obtained cells are plated on LB agar medium containing ampicillin coated with X-gal and isopeptyl pill ⁇ -D-galatatopyranoside (IPTG), and cultured at 37 ° C overnight. did.
- IPTG isopeptyl pill ⁇ -D-galatatopyranoside
- plasmid DNA was prepared from the ampicillin metamura white colony formed on the agar medium. Further, the nucleotide sequence of the inserted DNA fragment was determined.
- plasmid pGL3-TATA-LXREx plasmid pGL3-TATA-LXREx4.
- a human fetal kidney-derived HEK293 cell line (ATCC; CRL-1573) was prepared by using 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) from which low molecular weight substances had been removed using charcoal dextran, penicillin (100 units / ml) and streptomycin as antibiotics. (100 ⁇ g / ml) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) without phenol red at 37 ° C. in the presence of 5% CO 2 .
- the subcultured HEK293 cell line was rolled up to about 2 ⁇ 10 6 cells in a 10 cm cell culture dish.
- the present invention provides a novel liver X receptor ⁇ splice variant, a liver X receptor ⁇ splicing mutant protein, which is involved in the inhibition of normal cholesterol metabolism by normal liver X receptor, its gene, and the like. Can be provided. Sequence listing free text
- Oligonucleotides designed to synthesize liver X receptor binding element Oligonucleotides designed to synthesize liver X receptor binding element
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US10/556,781 US20060247421A1 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2004-05-13 | Liver x receptor alpha splicing mutant protein, gene thereof and utilization of the same |
AU2004238703A AU2004238703B2 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2004-05-13 | Liver X receptor alpha splicing mutant protein, gene thereof and utilization of the same |
EP04732817A EP1630174A4 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2004-05-13 | SPREAD MUTANT PROTEIN OF THE LIVER-X-RECEPTOR ALPHA, GENE OF IT AND USE THEREOF |
CA002525870A CA2525870A1 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2004-05-13 | Liver x receptor .alpha. splicing mutant protein, gene thereof and use thereof |
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- 2004-05-13 EP EP04732817A patent/EP1630174A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-13 WO PCT/JP2004/006814 patent/WO2004101616A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-05-13 CA CA002525870A patent/CA2525870A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-13 AU AU2004238703A patent/AU2004238703B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-05-13 EP EP10180697A patent/EP2332982A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2525870A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
US20060247421A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
EP1630174A4 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
AU2004238703B2 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
AU2004238703A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
EP2332982A1 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
EP1630174A1 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
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