WO2004088064A1 - Procede pour fabriquer des murs de revetement - Google Patents
Procede pour fabriquer des murs de revetement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004088064A1 WO2004088064A1 PCT/EP2004/050401 EP2004050401W WO2004088064A1 WO 2004088064 A1 WO2004088064 A1 WO 2004088064A1 EP 2004050401 W EP2004050401 W EP 2004050401W WO 2004088064 A1 WO2004088064 A1 WO 2004088064A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- panels
- uprights
- horizontal
- concrete
- row
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
- E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2002/8682—Mixed technique using permanent and reusable forms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for making coating walls, in particular for integrating existing constructions and foundations, reinforcing masonry that has deteriorated, and setting a barrier to an embankment .
- BACKGROUND ART For coating operations, a known technique is to provide, in a position facing the surface to be coated, formwork supported only on the outside by particular anchoring structures and then to cast the concrete in the space delimited by said formwork. Once the concrete has hardened, the formwork must be dismantled, with consequent penalization in terms of the overall times and costs of the works carried out.
- a known technique is to fill and/or plaster existing walls and to raise additional walls up against existing constructions .
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for making coating walls by casting concrete for filling, which will enable the drawbacks outlined above to be overcome in a simple and inexpensive way, in particular eliminating the need to use complex equipment and cranes for lifting.
- a method for making coating walls characterized in that it comprises the steps of: forming a plurality of horizontal layers of panels set on top of one another starting from a base surface and facing a surface to be coated; and - filling the space between said panels and said surface to be coated by performing successive castings in order to make horizontal layers of concrete set on top of one another.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are perspective views, which illustrate in part a preferred embodiment of the method for making coating walls according to the present invention
- - Figure 3 is a front view, at a reduced scale, which illustrates part of the method illustrated in Figures 1 and 2;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view according to the line IV-IV of Figure 3.
- Figure 5 is similar to Figure 4 and illustrates a different application of the method illustrated in Figures 1 to .
- the reference number 1 designates, as a whole, a wall for coating a vertical surface 2 defined by an existing wall .
- the wall 1 is made by constructing, first, a base 3 defining a base surface 4 and/or a horizontal positioning guide (not illustrated) and by forming, on the surface 4 or on the aforesaid guide, a horizontal row 5 of vertical, modular, rectangular panels 6, made preferably of concrete.
- the panels 6 are set in positions alongside one another and facing the surface 2 after construction of a metal supporting frame 8 has been started, by fixing a plurality of vertical uprights 9 to the base 3 in positions that are aligned and equidistant from one another.
- the panels 6 of the first horizontal row are stiffened and blocked by means of equipment of a known type (not illustrated herein) so as to form the self-supporting base for the panels that will be positioned on top, as is explained in greater detail in 5 what follows .
- the panels 6 have a height smaller than that of the uprights 9, define, along their own side edges, respective vertical grooves 10 and are slid into place from above, each one between a corresponding pair of
- the next step is the construction of the frame 8 by setting a row of horizontal cross members 12 for retention in a horizontal groove 13 made on the top edge
- each cross member 12 is anchored to the surface 2 by fixing a horizontal rail 15 to the surface 2 and by
- a first casting of concrete is then carried out in order to start to fill the space between the panels 6
- a horizontal row 20 of panels 19, which are the same as the panels 6, is formed.
- the row 20 is set on top of the row 5 by sliding a bottom terminal portion 21 of the panels 19 between the top ends 22 of the uprights 9.
- the construction of the frame 8 is then continued by piling a plurality of uprights 23, which form a prolongation of the uprights 9 between the panels 19 for a height such as to allow one top end 24 of the uprights 23 to project from a top edge 25 of the panels 19 and by arranging a row of horizontal retention cross members 26 along the top edge 25 itself in a manner similar to what was described above for the cross members 12.
- a second casting of concrete is carried out in order to form a second horizontal layer 27 of concrete, which is set on top of the layer 18 and has a top level comprised between the top edge 14 of the panels 6 and the top end 22 of the uprights 9.
- a plurality of uprights 31 is inserted from above between the panels 30 as prolongation of the uprights 23, and a row of cross members 32 is set along the top edge 33 of the panels 30 in a manner similar to what was described above for the
- a third casting of concrete is carried out in order to form a third horizontal layer 34 of concrete, which is set on top of the layer 27 and has a top level comprised between the top end 24 of the uprights 23 and
- the process can continue in a manner similar to what has been described above, making other rows of panels on top of the row 29 and performing successive castings of concrete in order to fill progressively the space between the surface 2 and the containment structure 36 constituted by the set of frames 8 and the panels.
- each casting of concrete could be carried out after two or more horizontal rows of panels, instead of just one, have been constrained to the surface 2 using the elements 16.
- Figure 4 illustrates a different application, which regards the coating of an embankment 38.
- the structure 36 remains separate from the embankment 38 in so far as it would be somewhat complex to fix the rails 15 in a stable and correct position.
- each layer of concrete holds a corresponding portion of the structure 36 in place and performs the function of support for the subsequent castings.
- the panels 6, 19, 30 are set at a particularly contained distance, for example 3 cm, from the surface 2 in so far as the panels 6, 19, 30 form an integral part of the wall 1 and do not require additional external supporting structures designed to be dismantled once the coating is completed.
- the frame 8 could be made in a way different from what is described herein. More specifically, horizontal spacer elements 16 could be bent downwards and not secured to vertical surface 2 so as they could remain embedded in the relative horizontal layer of concrete. In this way, it would be possible to improve the strength of the modular construction to the trust exerted on the panels by fresh concrete during casting.
- horizontal spacer elements 16 could be secured to anchoring members inserted in the concrete during casting.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04724618.6A EP1618266B1 (fr) | 2003-04-01 | 2004-03-31 | Procede pour fabriquer des murs de revetement |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITTO2003A000250 | 2003-04-01 | ||
ITTO20030250 ITTO20030250A1 (it) | 2003-04-01 | 2003-04-01 | Metodo per la realizzazione di pareti di rivestimento. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004088064A1 true WO2004088064A1 (fr) | 2004-10-14 |
Family
ID=33105057
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/050401 WO2004088064A1 (fr) | 2003-04-01 | 2004-03-31 | Procede pour fabriquer des murs de revetement |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1618266B1 (fr) |
IT (1) | ITTO20030250A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004088064A1 (fr) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010078645A1 (fr) | 2009-01-07 | 2010-07-15 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Procédés et appareil pour restaurer, réparer, renforcer et/ou protéger des structures utilisant du béton |
US8458985B2 (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2013-06-11 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Fastener-receiving components for use in concrete structures |
US8458969B2 (en) | 2008-01-21 | 2013-06-11 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Stay-in-place form systems for form-work edges, windows and other building openings |
US8555590B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2013-10-15 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Pivotally activated connector components for form-work systems and methods for use of same |
US8793953B2 (en) | 2009-02-18 | 2014-08-05 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Clip-on connection system for stay-in-place form-work |
US8943774B2 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2015-02-03 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete |
EP2591186A4 (fr) * | 2010-07-06 | 2015-08-05 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc | Système de poussée pour restaurer, réparer, renforcer, protéger, isoler et/ou revêtir des structures |
US9206614B2 (en) | 2011-11-24 | 2015-12-08 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Stay-in-place formwork with engaging and abutting connections |
US9315987B2 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2016-04-19 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Systems for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures with locatable stand-off components |
US9441365B2 (en) | 2011-11-24 | 2016-09-13 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Stay-in-place formwork with anti-deformation panels |
US9453345B2 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2016-09-27 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures |
WO2017065716A1 (fr) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-04-20 | Mustafa Ozsut | Procédé de production de paroi en béton avec une coulée sur site |
US9783991B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2017-10-10 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Structure cladding trim components and methods for fabrication and use of same |
US9982444B2 (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2018-05-29 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Liquid and gas-impermeable connections for panels of stay-in-place form-work systems |
US10151119B2 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2018-12-11 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Tool for making panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures and methods for using same |
US10731333B2 (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2020-08-04 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Structure-lining apparatus with adjustable width and tool for same |
US11180915B2 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2021-11-23 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Longspan stay-in-place liners |
US11512483B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2022-11-29 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Snap-together standoffs for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures |
US11674322B2 (en) | 2019-02-08 | 2023-06-13 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Retainers for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR531710A (fr) * | 1920-08-25 | 1922-01-19 | Perfectionnements à la construction de murs et autres bâtiments, et aux carreaux correspondants | |
FR1076879A (fr) * | 1953-05-13 | 1954-11-02 | Construction armée au moyen d'éléments préfabriqués | |
GB2125873A (en) * | 1982-08-25 | 1984-03-14 | Gordon Macdonald Robertson | A method of construction |
DE3422871A1 (de) * | 1984-06-20 | 1986-01-02 | Ingenieurbüro Dipl.-Ing. Dietrich von Berg, 7000 Stuttgart | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum nachtraeglichen ausbetonieren von vorhandenen kellerraeumen, tunnel und dergleichen |
US5040344A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1991-08-20 | Philippe Durand | Prefabricated forms for concrete walls |
US6474033B1 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 2002-11-05 | Studio Arch. Claudio Luchini | Prefabricated finishing module for the construction of building constructions and building constructions obtained thereby |
-
2003
- 2003-04-01 IT ITTO20030250 patent/ITTO20030250A1/it unknown
-
2004
- 2004-03-31 EP EP04724618.6A patent/EP1618266B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-31 WO PCT/EP2004/050401 patent/WO2004088064A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR531710A (fr) * | 1920-08-25 | 1922-01-19 | Perfectionnements à la construction de murs et autres bâtiments, et aux carreaux correspondants | |
FR1076879A (fr) * | 1953-05-13 | 1954-11-02 | Construction armée au moyen d'éléments préfabriqués | |
GB2125873A (en) * | 1982-08-25 | 1984-03-14 | Gordon Macdonald Robertson | A method of construction |
DE3422871A1 (de) * | 1984-06-20 | 1986-01-02 | Ingenieurbüro Dipl.-Ing. Dietrich von Berg, 7000 Stuttgart | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum nachtraeglichen ausbetonieren von vorhandenen kellerraeumen, tunnel und dergleichen |
US5040344A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1991-08-20 | Philippe Durand | Prefabricated forms for concrete walls |
US6474033B1 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 2002-11-05 | Studio Arch. Claudio Luchini | Prefabricated finishing module for the construction of building constructions and building constructions obtained thereby |
Cited By (44)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US8844241B2 (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2014-09-30 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Methods and apparatus for providing linings on concrete structures |
US8458985B2 (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2013-06-11 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Fastener-receiving components for use in concrete structures |
US10280636B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2019-05-07 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Connector components for form-work systems and methods for use of same |
US9080337B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2015-07-14 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Connector components for form-work systems and methods for use of same |
US8555590B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2013-10-15 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Pivotally activated connector components for form-work systems and methods for use of same |
US8458969B2 (en) | 2008-01-21 | 2013-06-11 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Stay-in-place form systems for form-work edges, windows and other building openings |
US10662661B2 (en) | 2009-01-07 | 2020-05-26 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete |
US12037801B2 (en) | 2009-01-07 | 2024-07-16 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete |
US9879436B2 (en) | 2009-01-07 | 2018-01-30 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc | Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete |
EP2376724A4 (fr) * | 2009-01-07 | 2012-06-20 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc | Procédés et appareil pour restaurer, réparer, renforcer et/ou protéger des structures utilisant du béton |
AU2016202160B2 (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2018-07-26 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete |
WO2010078645A1 (fr) | 2009-01-07 | 2010-07-15 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Procédés et appareil pour restaurer, réparer, renforcer et/ou protéger des structures utilisant du béton |
AU2010204442B2 (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2016-01-07 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete |
EP2376724A1 (fr) * | 2009-01-07 | 2011-10-19 | CFS Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Procédés et appareil pour restaurer, réparer, renforcer et/ou protéger des structures utilisant du béton |
US9273479B2 (en) | 2009-01-07 | 2016-03-01 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete |
EP3620594A1 (fr) * | 2009-01-07 | 2020-03-11 | CFS Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Procédé et appareil pour restaurer, réparer, renforcer et/ou protéger des structures utilisant du béton |
US9359780B2 (en) | 2009-01-07 | 2016-06-07 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete |
US11512484B2 (en) | 2009-01-07 | 2022-11-29 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete |
US20180163419A1 (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2018-06-14 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete |
EP3156562A1 (fr) * | 2009-01-07 | 2017-04-19 | CFS Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Procédé et appareil pour restaurer, réparer, renforcer et/ou protéger des structures utilisant du béton |
US8793953B2 (en) | 2009-02-18 | 2014-08-05 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Clip-on connection system for stay-in-place form-work |
US9273477B2 (en) | 2009-02-18 | 2016-03-01 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Clip-on connection system for stay-in-place form-work |
US8943774B2 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2015-02-03 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete |
EP2591186A4 (fr) * | 2010-07-06 | 2015-08-05 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc | Système de poussée pour restaurer, réparer, renforcer, protéger, isoler et/ou revêtir des structures |
US10022825B2 (en) | 2010-07-06 | 2018-07-17 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Method for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding a variety of structures |
US9206614B2 (en) | 2011-11-24 | 2015-12-08 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Stay-in-place formwork with engaging and abutting connections |
US9441365B2 (en) | 2011-11-24 | 2016-09-13 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Stay-in-place formwork with anti-deformation panels |
US9790681B2 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2017-10-17 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures |
US10151119B2 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2018-12-11 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Tool for making panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures and methods for using same |
US9784005B2 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2017-10-10 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Systems for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures with locatable stand-off components |
US9453345B2 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2016-09-27 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures |
US9315987B2 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2016-04-19 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Systems for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures with locatable stand-off components |
US9783991B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2017-10-10 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Structure cladding trim components and methods for fabrication and use of same |
US10450763B2 (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2019-10-22 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Liquid and gas-impermeable connections for panels of stay-in-place form-work systems |
US9982444B2 (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2018-05-29 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Liquid and gas-impermeable connections for panels of stay-in-place form-work systems |
WO2017065716A1 (fr) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-04-20 | Mustafa Ozsut | Procédé de production de paroi en béton avec une coulée sur site |
US10731333B2 (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2020-08-04 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Structure-lining apparatus with adjustable width and tool for same |
US11499308B2 (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2022-11-15 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Structure-lining apparatus with adjustable width and tool for same |
US11053676B2 (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2021-07-06 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Structure-lining apparatus with adjustable width and tool for same |
US11180915B2 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2021-11-23 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Longspan stay-in-place liners |
US11821204B2 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2023-11-21 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Longspan stay-in-place liners |
US11512483B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2022-11-29 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Snap-together standoffs for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures |
US11761220B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2023-09-19 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Snap-together standoffs for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures |
US11674322B2 (en) | 2019-02-08 | 2023-06-13 | Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. | Retainers for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1618266B1 (fr) | 2016-11-16 |
EP1618266A1 (fr) | 2006-01-25 |
ITTO20030250A1 (it) | 2004-10-02 |
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