WO2004080187A1 - Levain panaire, son utilisation et produits de boulangerie cuits susceptibles d`être obtenus - Google Patents
Levain panaire, son utilisation et produits de boulangerie cuits susceptibles d`être obtenus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004080187A1 WO2004080187A1 PCT/EP2004/002626 EP2004002626W WO2004080187A1 WO 2004080187 A1 WO2004080187 A1 WO 2004080187A1 EP 2004002626 W EP2004002626 W EP 2004002626W WO 2004080187 A1 WO2004080187 A1 WO 2004080187A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lactic acid
- leaven
- culture medium
- flour
- fermentation
- Prior art date
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- 235000015173 baked goods and baking mixes Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 22
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 276
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 139
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 138
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 123
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- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012180 bread and bread product Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 description 4
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- 241000194020 Streptococcus thermophilus Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YPHMISFOHDHNIV-FSZOTQKASA-N cycloheximide Chemical compound C1[C@@H](C)C[C@H](C)C(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)CC1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1 YPHMISFOHDHNIV-FSZOTQKASA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241001123224 Naumovozyma dairenensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000191998 Pediococcus acidilactici Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235648 Pichia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235645 Pichia kudriavzevii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235070 Saccharomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000057717 Streptococcus lactis Species 0.000 description 1
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- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N chloramphenicol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- YERABYSOHUZTPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-P endo-1,4-beta-Xylanase Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C[N+](CC)(CC)CCCNC(C(C=1)=O)=CC(=O)C=1NCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YERABYSOHUZTPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229940004208 lactobacillus bulgaricus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AIHDCSAXVMAMJH-GFBKWZILSA-N levan Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@](CO)(CO[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@](O)(CO)O2)O)O1 AIHDCSAXVMAMJH-GFBKWZILSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D8/00—Methods for preparing or baking dough
- A21D8/02—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking
- A21D8/04—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes
- A21D8/045—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes with a leaven or a composition containing acidifying bacteria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D10/00—Batters, dough or mixtures before baking
- A21D10/02—Ready-for-oven doughs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ready-to-use sourdough leaven, a process for its preparation and its use in breadmaking.
- the specificities of bread baking are well known: obtaining a preferred flavor of leavened bread, in particular characterized by a sour or acetic scent of the crumb; obtaining a bread having a particular texture of leavened bread; obtaining a bread that will last longer than a leavened bread of the same kind.
- the breadmaking methods using a traditional leaven have four disadvantages: - the difficulty for the baker to achieve, during each baking, leaven having characteristics (living cultures of microorganisms, chemical composition) substantially identical; - the low life of the traditional leaven at any point, even at low temperature, the daily stress of the refreshed, and the duration of the final breadmaking, determined by the time between the end of the kneading and the charging, which is typically more from 6 to 7 hours for this type of product.
- sourdough leaven or yeast leaven in traditional terminology, is a sourdough ready for incorporation into bread dough or other bakery dough as a fermenting agent.
- Refreshed corresponds to a new supply of flour and leavened water, leading, on the one hand, to a supply of fermentable substances to the microorganisms of the starter, and on the other hand to a dilution of the medium. (leaven) in fermentation. These daily refreshments make the work of bakers tedious.
- a recent important development is the development of a ready-to-use, ready-to-use sourdough sourdough, which can be kept at low temperature for several weeks without any refreshment and which allows the baker to use, during each baking, a leaven with essentially identical characteristics.
- Such leavens are described in EP-A-0953288.
- the ready-to-use sourdough leaven described in EP-A-0953288 contains at least one unmalted cereal flour and water and has been inoculated with at least one preparation. of heterofermented lactic acid bacteria, at a pH between 4 and 4.3 and provides at least 1 billion revivifiable lactic acid bacteria per gram for at least 4 weeks if stored below 10 ° C.
- This ready-to-use leaven enables the fermentation of a baking dough according to a direct scheme for obtaining leavened bread.
- lactic acid means lactic acid CH 3 CHOHCOOH as such, the salts of lactic acid and CH 3 CHOHCOO form “dissociated (anion) lactic acid.
- acetic acid refers, in this context, acetic acid CH 3 COOH as such, salts of acetic acid and CH 3 COO- form dissociated (anion) of acetic acid.
- the ratio of lactic acid content to acetic acid content in the dough is, for a significant part, determined by the content of these acids of the leavened ready-to-drink mixture. which is added to the dough.
- Characteristics of ready-to-use leaven that play a significant role in the flavor of leavened bread are therefore the respective contents of ready-to-use starter in lactic acid and acetic acid, and ratio between these two levels.
- This ratio between, on the one hand, the lactic acid content and, on the other hand, the acetic acid content of a leaven is expressed by the fermentative quotient or QF which is defined as the ratio of the molar concentration of lactic acid leaven on the molar concentration of acetic acid leaven.
- the consumer particularly wants to buy leavened bread called "natural", which implies that bread dough consists only of natural ingredients such as cereal flour, water, malted cereal flour, biomass, etc. excluding so-called “chemical” additives such as purified or pure acetic acid and lactic acid.
- the present invention allows the starter manufacturer to prepare, with an appropriate selection of microorganisms, ready-to-use starters having different QF's, and this on a regular basis.
- the present invention more particularly allows the manufacturer of leavens to control, during the preparation of a leaven, the QF of said leaven by the incorporation into the leaven of lactic acid bacteria homofermentaires which are not only capable of producing lactic acid by consuming fermentable sugars, but which are also capable of producing acetic acid by consuming lactic acid in the absence of fermentable sugars, this possibly in the presence of an electron acceptor, that is to say in the presence of a substance capable of accepting or winning at least one electron released during this production of acetic acid by said homofermentary lactic acid bacteria.
- lactic acid bacteria biofeedback lactic acid bacteria are designated by the expression "lactic acid bacteria biofeedback lactic acid bacteria”.
- the present invention makes it possible in particular for the starter manufacturer to prepare regularly ready-to-use starters which have different QF and which are stored for several weeks at low temperature.
- the present invention further allows the starter manufacturer to prepare ready-to-use starters which have different QFs on a regular basis and which can be incorporated into the baker's dough as a fermentation agent directly to the kneading as part of a scheme.
- direct baking process ie a diagram with a single kneading. In such a direct scheme There are no pre-fermentation steps other than fermentations during the preparation of the ready-to-use leaven according to the invention.
- the present invention makes it possible in particular to regularly prepare such leavens which can be incorporated in the baking dough, as fermentation and raising agent of this dough, directly to the kneading in the context of a direct leavening baking scheme with a time between the beginning of the kneading and baking less than or equal to 6 hours, or preferably less than or equal to 4 hours.
- the present invention relates first of all to a ready-to-use sourdough leaven.
- the terms 'breadmaking' and 'panary' and the terms 'bakery' and 'baker' must be interpreted broadly as referring to the fields of bakery and pastry, and in general to the field of the production of baked goods from fermented pasta made from flour.
- the sourdough leaven according to the invention may be a ready-to-use leavening leaven intended for the manufacture of a bakery product such as bread, brioche or viennoiserie.
- the ready-to-use sourdough leaven according to the invention consists of a flour-based culture medium containing at least one cereal flour and water, said culture medium being inoculated and fermented by a selection of microorganisms which comprises lactic acid bacteria, at least a part of the bacteria Lactics of the selection being lactic acid bacteria homofermentaires bio-transformants lactic acid.
- the term "flour-based culture medium” means a culture medium whose dry ingredients have as their main ingredient one or cereal flours.
- cereal flour refers to starch-rich products derived from cereal milling. This term covers flours of one or more unmalted cereals, flours of one or more malted cereals, and flours of a combination of one or more unmalted cereals with one or more malted cereals.
- the term “cereal flour”, on the other hand, does not cover denatured derivatives of cereal flour, such as products known as “gelatinized flour” or “pre-gelatinized flour” or so-called “flour” products whose starch has undergone complete or near-complete hydrolysis.
- the leaven according to the invention contains at least 7 g / l of acetic acid.
- the leaven according to the invention optionally also contains lactic acid.
- the QF of the starter according to the invention is less than or equal to 4.75.
- the starter according to the invention contains at least 100 million (10 8 ) CFU (colony-forming units) of lactic acid bacteria per gram, of which at least 60% are CFU of lactic acid biotransforming lactic acid bacteria.
- the leaven according to the invention has a pH between 3.8 and 4.5.
- the starter content of fermentable sugars by the microorganisms of the leaven is less than 5g / kg.
- the starter according to the invention advantageously comprises at least 1 billion (10 9 ) of CFU of lactic acid bacteria per gram. Lactic bacteria are divided into three distinct classes or groups:
- class or group I covers lactic acid bacteria called strict homofermentary bacteria
- class or group II covers the so-called facultative heterofermentary lactic bacteria or optional homofermentary-heterofermentary bacteria;
- homofermentative lactic acid bacteria as used herein embraces lactic acid bacteria of classes or groups I and II, i.e., strict homofermentment lactic acid bacteria and optional lactic acid bacteria - heterofermentative bacteria.
- homofermentary as used in this context therefore encompasses both the term “strict homofermentary” and the term “optional heterofermentary homofermentary”.
- the lactic acid biotransforming lactic acid bacteria of the starter according to the invention are therefore chosen from the group comprising strict homofermentary lactic acid bacteria, optional lactic acid bacteria-heterofermentative bacteria, and mixtures of said bacteria, mixtures which may be mixtures of strict homofermentative lactic acid bacteria, mixtures of optional homofermentative-heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria and mixtures consisting of one or more strict homofermental lactic acid bacteria and one or more optional heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria.
- mixture of bacteria refers to a combination of bacteria belonging to different strains.
- the starter according to the invention at least 75%, and even more preferably at least 95%, of the CFUs of lactic acid bacteria are CFUs of lactic acid-metabolizing lactic acid bacteria.
- the invention relates in particular to such sourdough leavens all or substantially all of which (i.e. at least 99%) of the CFUs of lactic acid bacteria are CFUs of lactic acid bacteria which are bio-transformants of lactic acid.
- the starter leaven according to the invention has a QF of less than or equal to 4.00, preferably less than or equal to 3.00.
- the leavening yarn according to the invention contains at least 10 g / 1 of acetic acid.
- the starter according to the invention typically comprises acetic acid and lactic acid.
- the leavening pan according to the invention has a QF of 0.40 to 4.75, preferably of 1.50 to 4.00 and more preferably of 2.00 to 3, 00.
- the pH of the starter according to the invention is preferably from 4.0 to 4.3.
- the leaven according to the invention advantageously has a content of fermentable sugars by the microorganisms of the leaven less than 3 g / kg, and still preferably less than 1 g / kg.
- a content of fermentable sugars by the microorganisms of the leaven less than 3 g / kg, and still preferably less than 1 g / kg.
- the starter yeast according to the invention contains at least 10 8 and preferably at least 10 9 of CFU of lactic acid bacteria per gram, of which at least 60%, preferably at least 75%, and more preferably preferably at least 95% are CFUs of lactic acid bacteria which are bio-transformants of lactic acid.
- said CFUs of homofermentary lactic acid bacteria biofilters include CFU of Lactobacillus homofermentaires. Preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 75%, more preferably at least 85%, and even all or in all (at least 99%) of said CFUs of lactic acid biofeedback homofermentative lactic acid bacteria. of the starter according to the invention are CFU of Lactobacillus homofermentaires.
- Lactobacillus homofermentaires bio-lactic acid transformers of the starter according to the invention are therefore selected from the group comprising the strict Lactobacillus homofermentaires, Lactobacilli homofermentaires - optional heterofermentaires, and mixtures of said Lactobacilli.
- the starter according to the invention may for example comprise lactic acid-metabolizing homofermentary lactic acid bacteria selected from the group comprising Lactobacilli, Carnobacilli, Lactococci, Streptococci, Pediococci, and combinations of said bacteria.
- homofermenting lactic acid bacteria selected for lactic acid must be non-pathogenic.
- the starter according to the invention may for example comprise lactic acid biotransforming homofermenting lactic acid bacteria belonging to a strain chosen from the group comprising the species Pediococcus acidilactici, Streptococcus lactis and thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, lactis, helveticus, salivarius, curvatus, sake. and pentosus, delbrueckii, farciminis ? acidophilus, plantarum, casei and rhamnosus and combinations of said species.
- Particularly preferred species are Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii, fciminis, acidophilus, plantarum, casei and rhamnosus.
- strain Lp 652 of Lactobacillus plantarum filed by Lesaffre International - 147 Rue Gabriel Peri - 59700 MARCQ EN BAROEUL - France, July 16, 2003 according to the Treaty of Budapest at the CNCM (National Collection of Cultures Microorganisms), Pasteur Institute, 25, Rue du Dondel Roux, F-75724 Paris (France) under the registration number CNCM 1-3069.
- the leaven according to the invention may also comprise yeasts.
- the sourdough leaven typically comprises at least one hundred thousand (10 5 ), preferably at least 1 million ( 10 ⁇ ) and more preferably at least 5 million (5 ⁇ 10 6 ) CFU of yeasts.
- the yeasts present in a starter according to the invention are typically yeasts belonging to yeast species commonly present in the leavening biomass of yeasts.
- the starter according to the invention may in particular comprise yeast CFUs chosen from the group of Saccharomy e, Candida species and the combinations of said yeasts, and in particular Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its various varieties.
- the starter according to the invention may for example comprise yeasts belonging to a strain selected from the group comprising Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces exiguus, Saccharomyces dairensis,
- the leaven according to the invention may also comprise an enzymatic preparation.
- This enzyme preparation typically comprises one or more of the following enzymes: ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase, amyloglucosidase, pentosanase and xylanase and in particular one or more fungal amylases.
- Unmalted cereal flours and in particular malted cereal flours are sources of amylase. However, if there is an amylase deficiency in the starter, it may be supplemented by adding malted cereal flour (such as malted wheat flour) and / or incorporation into the sourdough. a preparation enzyme containing amylase, for example fungal amylase. This enzyme preparation may also have enzymatic activities other than amylase activity.
- enzyme preparation refers to enzyme supplements, incorporated in the leaven, and does not cover malted and / or unmalted cereal flour as such.
- a leaven according to the invention may advantageously comprise as an unmalted cereal flour an unmalted rye flour.
- a pan dough according to the invention can thus comprise non-malted rye flour and malted cereal flour, such as malted wheat flour.
- the leaven according to the invention can be in liquid form or in pasty form.
- the leaven according to the invention may especially advantageously have a solids content of between 12 and 50% by weight, preferably between 13 and 35% by weight, and more preferably between 15 and 20% by weight.
- the starter according to the invention has a solids content of between 15 and 35% by weight or between 13 and 20% by weight.
- the starter leaven according to the invention is liquid, it advantageously contains a food additive chosen from the group of thickeners and food stabilizers.
- the sourdough leaven according to the invention makes it possible to combine the following advantages: • The sourdough leaven is ready for use, that is to say that it is ready to be incorporated into a baker's dough as a fermentation agent; • the leaven allows the baker to use, during each baking, a leaven having essentially identical characteristics,
- the invention makes it possible, in particular, to produce ready-to-use sourdough leavens with weak QF mainly containing homofermentary lactic acid bacteria, which are generally more active than heterofermentary bacteria, whereas traditionally starters with low QF are obtained with predominantly strict heterofermentary bacteria.
- the use of these homofermentary bacteria, which are generally very acidifying, also enables the baker to shorten the fermentation time of his final dough.
- the invention also makes it possible to produce ready-to-use sourdough leavens which retain their properties and in particular a flora having the values of the CFUs defined above, for at least one month if they are stored at a temperature equal to or less than 8 ° C.
- leavened breads those whose fermentation agent is essentially leavened and whose crumb has a pH ⁇ 4.3, preferably ⁇ 4.2, an acetic acid content of not less than 900 ppm by weight and preferably a lactic acid content of at least 4000 ppm by weight are particularly desired.
- Such leavened breads are described in particular in French Decree No. 93-1074, known as "Bread Order".
- the fermentation agent is essentially a starter when the dose of breadmaking yeast added in addition to the starter is equal to or less than 0.2% by weight (expressed equivalent amount of yeast fresh or pressed at 32% by weight of dry matter) relative to the flour used excluding the flour supplied by the leaven.
- baker's yeast can be added in various forms having dry matter contents, and thus variable yeast cells, for example, yeast dry, pressed or crumbled yeast and liquid yeast. Pressed yeast typically has a solids content of 27 to 35% by weight.
- the dose of breadmaking yeast added is systematically expressed in terms of the equivalent amount of yeast fresh or pressed at 32% by weight of solids.
- An important advantage of the present invention is that it covers sourdough leavens making it possible to obtain leavened bread, whose crumb is characterized in that it has a pH ⁇ 4.3, preferably ⁇ 4.2, a acetic acid content of at least 900 ppm by weight and preferably a lactic acid content of at least 4000 ppm by weight, in a short bread-making scheme and in particular in a bread-making scheme having a fermentation time between the beginning of the kneading and the beginning of cooking less than 4 hours 30, for example about 4 hours, and this in particular with a fermentation agent which is essentially this leaven.
- the fermentation agent is essentially the leaven according to the invention, obtaining leavened bread will require at least 3 hours 30 minutes. fermentation between the beginning of the kneading and the beginning of cooking, preferably at least 3 hours 45.
- obtaining a bread according to the invention will require at least 2 hours 30 of fermentation, preferably at least 3 hours.
- the present invention also relates to strains of lactic acid biofeeding homofermentative lactic acid bacteria suitable for the leavening bread according to the invention.
- These strains may be commercial strains or, for example, the Lp 652 strain of Lactobacillus plantarum, deposited on July 16, 2003 at the CNCM under the registration number CNCM 1-3069, which has proved to be of interest for starter. according to the invention and its manufacture.
- the present invention also relates to processes for the production of a leavening pan according to the invention.
- the invention thus relates to processes for the production of leavens according to the invention in which lactic bacteria are used which are specifically selected for their capacity to produce acetic acid by consuming lactic acid in the absence of sugars. fermentable and optionally in the presence of an electron acceptor.
- Said lactic acid biotransforming lactic acid bacteria are used, on the one hand, for the formation of lactic acid by fermentation of fermentable sugars and, on the other hand, for the production of acetic acid from lactic acid. lactic acid in substantial deficiency of fermentable sugars.
- the invention relates to a process for the production of a ready-to-use leavened leaven according to the invention, said method comprising:
- a selection of microorganisms is made; this selection containing lactic acid bacteria, and in particular homofermentative lactic acid bacteria which are bio-transformants of lactic acid.
- Said selection may consist solely of one or more homofermentary lactic acid bacteria and in particular one or more lactic acid-producing lactic acid bacteria.
- Said selection may also comprise other microorganisms, such as, for example, one or more yeasts and / or one or more strains of lactic acid bacteria heterofermentaires.
- a flour-based culture medium is prepared, this medium containing at least one cereal flour and water.
- Said flour-based culture medium may, if appropriate, also comprise other ingredients, and in particular ingredients that may promote microbial growth, such as, in particular, yeast autolysate.
- the flour-based culture medium thus prepared is inoculated with the selection of microorganisms.
- a first fermentation of the flour-based culture medium is carried out this selection of microorganisms.
- lactic acid bacteria homofermentaires of the selection produce lactic acid by consuming fermentable sugars present in the culture medium.
- This first fermentation of the culture medium is allowed to continue until substantial exhaustion of the fermentable sugars by the microorganisms of the selection.
- a second fermentation of this culture medium is carried out by the microorganisms of the selection in substantial deficiency of fermentable sugars.
- this second fermentation and thanks to the specific selection of microorganisms, there is consumption of lactic acid and production of acetic acid (hereinafter referred to as "acid consumption / production") by homofermentary lactic acid bacteria. bio-transformers of lactic acid.
- the second fermentation is optionally carried out in the presence of an electron acceptor. This second fermentation of the culture medium is continued until the desired QF is obtained in the culture medium based on fermented flour.
- the manufacturing method described above is carried out so that a leaven (fermented flour-based culture medium) ready for use according to the invention is obtained, the various embodiments of which have been described herein. -above.
- a leaven Fermented flour-based culture medium
- the culture medium contains a suitable electron acceptor or if the second fermentation takes place in the absence of an electron acceptor in the medium, no intervention is necessary for the passage of the first to the second fermentation.
- the electron acceptor can be chosen in particular according to the nature of the lactic acid biotransforming lactic acid bacteria of the selection.
- the electron acceptor is selected from the group consisting of: oxygen, citrate, fructose, glycerol and combinations of said elements.
- the electron acceptor is, or includes, oxygen
- the second fermentation is carried out aerobically (partially or not).
- the QF is an important factor in obtaining the typical flavor of leavened bread, and the leavening manufacturer will therefore continue the second fermentation above until a QF is obtained which gives leavened bread having a flavor sought by the consumer.
- the leaven maker can thus vary the QF leaven produced by varying the duration of the second fermentation of the culture medium.
- the consumption / production of acids is carried out in pre-culture.
- the pre-culture thus obtained is then used, optionally in combination with microorganisms of the selection which have not been used in the pre-culture, for the fermentation of a culture medium called "flour-based culture medium. ".
- a selection of microorganisms is made, which contains lactic acid bacteria including homofermentary lactic acid bacteria, as already described above.
- a first culture medium for lactic acid bacteria containing water and the elements necessary for the growth of lactic acid bacteria, such as fermentable sugars, are prepared.
- This first culture medium is inoculated with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria biotransformers lactic acid selection.
- a first fermentation of the first culture medium is carried out with these homofermentative lactic acid bacteria biotransformers lactic acid until substantial depletion of fermentable sugars.
- these homofermentary lactic acid bacteria consume fermentable sugars present in the first medium and produce lactic acid.
- a second fermentation of the first culture medium is carried out with the aforementioned lactic acid bacteria in substantial absence of fermentable sugars, second fermentation during which these lactic bacteria homofermentaires produce acetic acid by consuming lactic acid.
- the second fermentation of the first culture medium is optionally carried out in the presence of an electron acceptor, as already described above.
- the second fermentation of the first culture medium is continued until a desired intermediate QF is obtained in the first culture medium. In this way, a pre-culture of lactic acid-metabolizing lactic acid bacteria (first fermented culture medium) is obtained.
- a second culture medium called "flour-based culture medium” is also prepared, said second culture medium containing at least one cereal flour and water.
- This flour-based culture medium is inoculated with the microorganisms of the selection, on the one hand, by the incorporation of the first culture in two stages defined above, called “pre-culture” in this culture medium, and secondly, by seeding this culture medium with the microorganisms of the selection which, if necessary, have not been used for the preparation of the preculture.
- a fermented flour culture medium is obtained by fermentation of this flour-based culture medium by means of selection of microorganisms.
- the first culture medium does not necessarily contain, but may contain cereal flour or meals.
- the manufacturing method according to the invention thus allows the leaven manufacturer to reproducibly produce ready-to-use sourdough leavens, which the manufacturer can choose from QF without addition of exogenous acetic or lactic acid.
- all the lactic acid and all the acetic acid present in the sourdough were produced by the microorganisms of the selection, which makes it possible to obtain sourdough leavens and leavens called "natural".
- Seeding of the so-called “flour-based culture medium” can be done at one time or can be done in a time-shifted manner. Seeding of the flour-based culture medium in a time-shifted manner may in particular prove to be advantageous in the case where the selection of microorganisms comprises microorganisms belonging to different species or strains. It is thus possible to inoculate the flour-based culture medium with different microorganisms at seeding times offset in time.
- the manufacturing methods according to the invention may also comprise one or more multiplication steps, in which or in which one or more microorganisms of the selection are multiplied before their use for the seeding of a culture medium.
- said parsed leaven is cooled and stored at a temperature equal to or less than 8 ° C, preferably equal to or less than 4 ° C.
- Cereal flour contains starch damaged during milling which is degradable into fermentable sugars by the enzymes of flour or by amylase. Undamaged or intact starch grains are, in principle, not degradable by said enzymes.
- the content of fermentable sugars in the fermented flour-based culture medium is as low as possible, and that the fermentable sugar content of the sourdough flour is ready to The use thus obtained is and remains less than 5 g / kg, preferably less than 3 g / kg, and still preferably less than 1 g / kg during the storage of starter.
- the damaged starch is as much as possible degraded into fermentable sugars.
- the invention also relates to sourdough leavens obtainable by or obtained by the manufacturing methods according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the use of a leaven according to the invention as a fermentation agent in the preparation of leavened dough for bakery products, as well as in the preparation of a cooked bakery product.
- Said baked bread product may be any baked leavened bakery product, such as for example bread, brioche or pastry.
- the invention therefore relates to a method for preparing dough for a bakery product comprising the addition of a leaven according to the invention to the other ingredients of the dough, as well as a process for preparing cooked bakery product comprising the preparation of a dough by adding a leaven according to the invention to the other ingredients of the dough and baking the dough thus obtained.
- Ready-to-use sourdough leaven may in particular be used in a direct bread-making scheme as defined above.
- Said leaven can thus be used in a direct breadmaking scheme comprising a single kneading step and a cooking step, and a duration between the beginning of kneading and cooking corresponding to fermentation of less than or equal to 6 hours, and further preferably less than or equal to 4 hours.
- the starter according to the invention is added to the other ingredients of the dough as a fermentation agent.
- Said leaven may be the sole or the main fermentation agent present in the dough.
- the starter according to the invention may also be present in the dough in combination with another fermentation agent, such as, in particular, baker's yeast.
- the amount of baker's yeast added is preferably equal to or less than 1%, more preferably equal to or less than 0.6%, and more preferably equal to or less than 0, 2% by weight relative to the flour used (excluding the flour present in the starter according to the invention).
- this dose is equal to or less than 0.2% (expressed as an equivalent amount of fresh yeast or pressed at 32% solids).
- the invention thus relates to a breadmaking process comprising:
- the cooking of the fermented bakery dough and in particular such a baking process in which the fermentation of the bakery dough has a duration of less than or equal to 6 hours, preferably less than or equal to 5 hours and even more preferably less than or equal to at 4 o'clock.
- the invention also relates to pasta for bakery products comprising a pan dough according to the invention and cooked bakery products obtained by a preparation process according to the invention.
- the invention relates to pastes for a bakery product comprising a leavening pan according to the invention as the only voluntary supply of lactic acid bacteria and thus containing lactic acid bacteria, of which at least 60%, preferably at least 75%, and even preferably at least 95% are bacteria lactic acid homofermentaires capable of producing acetic acid by consuming lactic acid in substantial deficiency of fermentable sugars, said sourdough leaven may be a sourdough leaven according to any one of the embodiments described above.
- the dough may contain the leaven according to the invention as the sole input of microorganisms.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a sourdough leaven according to the invention as a preservative for baked baked goods. It has indeed been found that the use of a sourdough leaven according to the invention as a preservative for cooked bakery product, even if the microorganisms of the leaven have been partially or totally deactivated, makes it possible to prolong the shelf life of the cooked product.
- the invention relates to a method for extending the shelf life of a cooked bakery product, said method comprising: optionally the partial or total deactivation of the microorganisms of a starter according to the invention, the preparation of a dough for bakery product incorporating said leaven according to the invention, possibly deactivated, and
- the dough is preferably a dough containing baker's yeast which is subjected to a fermentation step with this yeast before it is baked.
- the cooked product may, for example, be bread, brioche or pastry.
- the enumeration of yeasts is described in international standard ISO 7954 of 1987.
- the protocol applied in this context uses an effective amount of non-toxic bactericide for yeasts such as chloramphenicol (see ISO 7954, paragraph 5.3), in order to avoid development of bacteria that would bias or distort the results.
- the protocol applied in the present context is however different from the method described in the standard in that the temperature is 30 ° C.
- lactic bacterium homofermentaire able to consume lactic acid with production of acetic acid chosen Lactobacillus plantarum marketed under the name "Texel Dried L115" by Rhodia Food ZA De Buxieres, BP 10 - 86220 Dange - Saint Romain ( France)
- a fermenter Applikon® 7-liter fermenter equipped with 2 sets of Rushton® blades, a pH probe, a p0 2 and aerated probe by aerator in the form of a perforated tube, controlled by an ADI® 1030 Bio-Controler module, an ADI® 1032 speed controller and an ADI® 1018 thermo-regulation by the same manufacturer
- the mixture is allowed to ferment at 30 ° C. for 24 hours with moderate stirring (150 RPM) without aeration.
- the pH is regulated at a setpoint of 4.8.
- This pH regulation is not essential but allows to accelerate the consumption of fermentable sugars and to avoid the development of any undesirable flora. It is allowed to ferment again 24h at 30 ° C.
- the leavening yeast thus obtained is cooled to 4 ° C. and stored at this temperature without stirring.
- a bread made with a sourdough flavor that is to say a dried dehydrated starter used according to its technical data sheet at 3 kg per 100kg of flour (bread 4)
- the proportions of yeast with respect to the flour for the breads correspond to at the recommended doses of use.
- the formulas of the corresponding pasta (expressed in part by mass per 100 kg of flour, percentage of baker) are given in Table 3.
- the production scheme with 3 hours 40 of fermentation between the end of the kneading and the beginning of the cooking, that is 3h 50 if we count the kneading including the crushing in the fermentation, is the following (the variants for the bread 1 are provided brackets): frasage: 8 minutes ere the speed spiral mixer mark VMI® Kneading 2 minutes 2nd speed spiral mixer mark VMI®
- the unanimous conclusion of the tasting panel is that the ready-to-use liquid leaven according to the invention makes it possible to obtain leavened bread which compares favorably to traditional sourdough bread.
- the formula of the corresponding dough (expressed in part by mass per 100 kg of flour, that is to say as a percentage of the baker) is given in Table 6.
- the dough formula meets the requirements of the Bread Decree for obtaining a "leavened bread” in the meaning of the Bread Decree.
- the leaven is in particular the essential agent of the fermentation because the dose of baker's yeast (expressed in 32% dry matter) does not exceed 0,2% in weight compared to the flour.
- the production scheme with 4 hours of fermentation is as follows:
- the ready-to-use liquid leaven according to the invention thus makes it possible to obtain, in just 4 hours between the end of kneading and the beginning of cooking, a "leavened bread" meeting the criteria of preparation and acidity set by the Decree Bread (or in just 4 hours and 13 minutes between the beginning of the kneading including the frasage and the beginning of cooking).
- the bread was also tasted by a group of experts, the results are given in Table 8.
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- Microbiology (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04719993A EP1603399B1 (fr) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | Levain panaire, son utilisation et produits de boulangerie cuits susceptibles d'être obtenus |
US10/548,572 US20060165848A1 (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | Sour dough the use thereof and bakery products products produced from the same |
SI200431313T SI1603399T1 (sl) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | Pekovski kvas, njegova uporaba in pekovski izdelki, ki jih lahko pridobimo iz njega |
PL04719993T PL1603399T3 (pl) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | Zakwas chlebowy, jego zastosowanie i możliwe do otrzymania pieczone produkty piekarnicze |
DE602004024765T DE602004024765D1 (de) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | Sauerteig, verwendung davon und daraus erhältliche bäckereiprodukte |
AT04719993T ATE452536T1 (de) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | Sauerteig, verwendung davon und daraus erhältliche bäckereiprodukte |
DK04719993.0T DK1603399T3 (da) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | Surdej dens anvendelse og de bagerprodukter der kan opnås med den |
CA2518368A CA2518368C (fr) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | Levain panaire, son utilisation et produits de boulangerie cuits susceptibles d`etre obtenus |
JP2006504678A JP5085124B2 (ja) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | サワードゥパン種 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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EP03005610 | 2003-03-12 | ||
EP03005610.5 | 2003-03-12 | ||
EP03017340.5 | 2003-07-31 | ||
EP03017340 | 2003-07-31 |
Publications (1)
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WO2004080187A1 true WO2004080187A1 (fr) | 2004-09-23 |
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PCT/EP2004/002626 WO2004080187A1 (fr) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | Levain panaire, son utilisation et produits de boulangerie cuits susceptibles d`être obtenus |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20060165848A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1603399B1 (fr) |
JP (2) | JP5085124B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE452536T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2518368C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602004024765D1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK1603399T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2337465T3 (fr) |
PL (2) | PL378470A1 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT1603399E (fr) |
SI (1) | SI1603399T1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004080187A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
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FR3040587A1 (fr) * | 2015-09-04 | 2017-03-10 | Cerelia | Pate a pain conservable a temperature de refrigeration et son procede de preparation |
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WO2006097949A1 (fr) * | 2005-03-16 | 2006-09-21 | Actial Farmacêutica, Lda. | Melange d’au moins 6 especes de bacteries de l'acide lactique et/ou bifidobacteria dans la facrication du levain |
FR2894432B1 (fr) * | 2005-12-13 | 2011-02-18 | Lesaffre & Cie | Ameliorant de panification |
JP2007236238A (ja) * | 2006-03-07 | 2007-09-20 | Bio Tec Japan:Kk | パン及びパンの製造方法 |
FR2920157B1 (fr) * | 2007-08-23 | 2009-10-16 | Lesaffre Et Cie Sa | Nouvelles souches de levure de panification |
EP2130437A1 (fr) * | 2008-06-03 | 2009-12-09 | Ernst Böcker GmbH & Co. KG | Fabrication de produits cuits en une étape |
FR2959515A1 (fr) * | 2010-05-03 | 2011-11-04 | Puratos | Compositions riches en oligosaccharides d'arabinoxylane |
BE1020893A5 (nl) * | 2011-08-12 | 2014-07-01 | Puratos Nv | Nieuwe zuurdesemsamenstellingen en werkwijzen voor hun bereiding. |
KR101512340B1 (ko) | 2012-11-15 | 2015-04-15 | 충청북도 (관리부서:충청북도 농업기술원) | 유산균 발효빵 제조방법 및 그 발효빵 |
RU2543259C2 (ru) * | 2013-05-28 | 2015-02-27 | Государственное научное учреждение Государственный научно-исследовательский институт хлебопекарной промышленности Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук (ГНУ ГОСНИИХП Россельхозакадемии) | Способ приготовления густой закваски для хлеба с использованием ржаной муки |
FR3072000B1 (fr) * | 2017-10-05 | 2019-12-06 | Lesaffre Et Compagnie | Ameliorant liquide de panification comprenant des microorganismes |
CN107772252A (zh) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-03-09 | 江苏中通生物科技有限公司 | 一种面条发酵剂及其制备方法 |
CN109287946B (zh) * | 2018-09-18 | 2021-08-20 | 江南大学 | 一种采用酸面团发酵技术改善馒头结构塌陷的方法 |
DE102021130566A1 (de) | 2021-11-23 | 2023-05-25 | Lars Laumeyer | Verfahren und vorrichtung betreffend den erhalt einer sauerteig-kultur in der heimanwendung |
EP4201211A1 (fr) | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-28 | Silvio Umberto Lettrari | Cultures de pâtes au levain et leurs procédés de fabrication |
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- 2004-03-12 DE DE602004024765T patent/DE602004024765D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (1)
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FR3040587A1 (fr) * | 2015-09-04 | 2017-03-10 | Cerelia | Pate a pain conservable a temperature de refrigeration et son procede de preparation |
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PL1603399T3 (pl) | 2010-06-30 |
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SI1603399T1 (sl) | 2010-04-30 |
ATE452536T1 (de) | 2010-01-15 |
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US20060165848A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
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JP5085124B2 (ja) | 2012-11-28 |
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