WO2004068673A2 - 永久磁石式モータ用ロータ - Google Patents
永久磁石式モータ用ロータ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004068673A2 WO2004068673A2 PCT/JP2004/000452 JP2004000452W WO2004068673A2 WO 2004068673 A2 WO2004068673 A2 WO 2004068673A2 JP 2004000452 W JP2004000452 W JP 2004000452W WO 2004068673 A2 WO2004068673 A2 WO 2004068673A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- permanent magnet
- rotor
- yoke
- rotor yoke
- metal film
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine
- Y10T29/49012—Rotor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotor for a permanent magnet motor, and more particularly, to a rotor having improved joint strength between a mouth yoke and a permanent magnet.
- the joint strength at high temperature and high speed rotation ⁇ The durability including thermal shock is low, and when the rotor yoke is a laminated body, it cannot be manufactured because the powder metallurgy method cannot be applied. .
- the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Rho-Yu described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 7203/2003 is a material that, under the temperature of Rho-Yu's use, deteriorates its durability due to the softening of the adhesive made of polymer material, and the adhesive of the permanent magnet is made of a metal film.
- the heat conductivity is lower than that of, and heat does not escape to the rotor side.
- 2002-272720 is based on an air gap between the rotor and the stay by using an adhesive made of a polymer material. There is also the disadvantage that the magnetic efficiency and the magnetic efficiency based on the inclusion gap between the permanent magnet and the low yoke are low.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a demand, and an object of the present invention is to provide a rotor for a permanent magnet motor in which various performances such as the durability described above are suitably realized at a high level.
- a permanent magnet type motor rotor according to the present invention is characterized in that a permanent magnet is joined to a surface of a rotor yoke, a metal film is interposed between the permanent magnet and the rotor yoke, and joining is performed by beam welding.
- a metal film is interposed between the permanent magnet and the rotor yoke, so that the metal film corresponding to the beam irradiation portion is melted by a vacuum beam, a laser beam, or the like. Since it plays the role of the brazing filler metal in welding, the joint between the permanent magnet and the rotor yoke is strong. Therefore, it is possible to improve the bonding strength at high temperature and high speed rotation and the durability including thermal shock. Also, the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the rotor yoke, which is usually made of an iron-based material, and the metal film (eg, copper) is small, and the metal film itself is deformed, so that the metal film becomes a buffer between the permanent magnet and the rotor yoke. The role of the Rho-Yoke swell under significant temperature changes Tension and shrinkage can be absorbed, and the durability against cold and heat can be improved.
- the rotor for permanent magnet type motor there is no need to embed a permanent magnet in the rotor as in the rotor described in JP-A-6-38415, and Since there is no need to use an adhesive made of a polymer material as in the case disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-272720, it is possible to reduce costs. In addition, since an adhesive made of a polymer material is not used, there is no odor at the time of bonding, and there is no need for a step such as coating, so that there is an advantage that workability is excellent.
- the magnetic efficiency based on the air gap between the rotor and the stay is high, and the polymer adhesive is used. Since the thickness of the metal film interposed between the permanent magnet and the rotor yoke can be reduced by plating or thermal spraying as compared with the case where a permanent magnet is used, the distance between the permanent magnet and the mouth yoke can be reduced. There is also the advantage of high magnetic efficiency based on the inclusion gap between them. Since beam welding is used to join the permanent magnet and the low yoke, the heat generated during welding is applied only to a very small area at the joint interface between the permanent magnet and the rotor yoke.
- the rotor for a permanent magnet motor according to the present invention, even when an eddy current is generated in the permanent magnet during use, the thermal conductivity of the metal film interposed between the permanent magnet and the opening yoke is large, and the permanent magnet It has high heat sinking ability from the to the Yoke yoke, so that stable use can be realized.
- powder metallurgy since powder metallurgy is not used, it can be manufactured even when the rhodium has a laminated structure.
- the durability, the cost, the magnetic efficiency based on the air gap between the rotor and the stay, and the relationship between the permanent magnet and the mouth-yoke are improved. All the performances in terms of magnetic efficiency, heat sinkability, and joint strength between the rotor yoke and the permanent magnet based on the inclusion gap between them are preferably realized at a high level.
- the permanent magnets are cheaper and simpler than the vacuum evaporation method or the sputtering method.
- the entire stone surface can be covered in advance with a metal film, which effectively prevents corrosion of the permanent magnet and damage to the magnet surface.
- the thickness of the metal film is small.
- the thickness of the metal film is set to 25 urn or more in the permanent magnet type motor opening of the present invention, the above-described strong bonding can be made sufficiently effective. Moreover, in the present invention, since the thickness of the metal film is 90 m or less, the metal film is not excessively used, and the cost can be sufficiently reduced from this viewpoint.
- the metal film is a film containing at least one of nickel and copper.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, at least one of the corrosion resistance of a permanent magnet or the heat sink from a permanent magnet to a rotor yoke can be improved by including nickel excellent in corrosion resistance or copper excellent in heat conductivity in a metal film.
- nickel-copper can be used alone, or nickel and copper can be formed as separate layers and the metal film can be formed as two layers. Further, an alloy made of nickel and copper can be used as the metal film.
- the rotor yoke is a multilayer port overnight yoke.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a production example of a mouth yoke used for a rotor for a permanent magnet motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a manufacturing example of the rotor for the permanent magnet motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a joining mode between the plated permanent magnet and the roving yoke according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 (A) is a perspective view showing one example of a beam welding mode between the permanent magnet with the plating shown in FIG. 3 and the rotor yoke
- FIG. 4 (B) is a perspective view showing the plating shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another example of a beam welding mode between a permanent magnet with a rotor and a rotor yoke.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a joining mode between a plated permanent magnet and a rotor yoke according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 (A) is a perspective view showing one mode of bonding the mouth piece material and the permanent magnet with plating by laser beam welding
- FIG. 6 (B) is a perspective view showing the rotor yoke material. It is a perspective view showing an embodiment of applying a permanent magnet and applying an epoxy adhesive to adhere
- (C) is a perspective view when a tensile shear test is performed on the mouth yoke and the permanent magnet (with a stick) adhered in the mode of (A) or (B).
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the evaluation results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of a tensile shear test for Examples 3 to 7 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of a tensile shear test for Examples 8 to 13. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- a rotor yoke 1 is formed by sequentially laminating a plurality of disc-shaped chips made of an iron-based material.
- a predetermined number (four in FIG. 2) of permanent magnets 2 with copper plating, in which copper plating has been applied to the entire surface of the permanent magnet is attached to the peripheral surface of the rotor yoke 1.
- Fig. 3 shows the joint between the rotor yoke 1 shown in Fig. 2 and the permanent magnet 2 with copper plating.
- the permanent magnet 2 with copper plating is a permanent magnet 3 made of Ncl-Fe-B based rare earth magnet and the copper plating film 4 is previously coated on the entire surface of the permanent magnet 3 with copper plating. 2 is arranged on the peripheral surface of the rotor yoke 1 as shown in FIG. 3, and then welded by a laser beam.
- FIG. 4 (A) is a perspective view showing one example of a beam welding mode between the rotor yoke 1 and the copper-plated permanent magnet 2 shown in FIG. According to the example shown in the figure, the welding location by the laser beam is a part of the outer periphery of the contact surface between the rotor yoke 1 and the permanent magnet 2 with copper plating (broken line in the figure).
- FIG. 4 (B) is a perspective view showing another example of a beam welding mode between the rotor yoke 1 and the copper-plated permanent magnet 2 shown in FIG. According to the example shown in the figure, the welding spot by the laser beam is the entire outer periphery of the contact surface between the rotor yoke 1 and the permanent magnet 2 with copper plating (broken line in the figure).
- the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between the rotor yoke 1 made of an iron-based material and the copper plating film 4 is small, and the copper plating film 4 itself is deformed and cushioned. It acts as a buffer between the permanent magnet 3 and the permanent magnet 3 to prevent the rotor yoke 1 from being deformed under a large temperature change, thereby improving the heat and cold durability.
- the rotor for the magnet type motor shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 (A) and (B) does not have a structure in which the permanent magnet 2 with copper plating is embedded in the rotor yoke 1 and uses an adhesive made of a polymer material. Since it is not the structure to be used, it can also reduce costs.
- the magnetic efficiency based on the air gap between the mouth and the stay is high, and also, compared with the case where an adhesive made of a polymer is used, the thickness of the copper plating film 4 interposed between the low yoke 1 and the permanent magnet 3 is extremely thin, so that the rotor yoke 1 and the permanent magnet 3 There is also an advantage that the magnetic efficiency based on the inclusion gap between them is high. Furthermore, in the permanent magnet motor rotor shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing, in more detail, a joint portion between the rotor yoke 1 shown in FIG. 2 and the permanent magnet 2 with plating.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description of the configuration and operation will be omitted.
- the plated permanent magnet 2 is formed by coating a copper imprint film 4 having a thickness of 30 im on the entire surface of a permanent magnet 3 made of an Nd—Fe—B system rare earth magnet, A nickel plating film 5 having a thickness of 30 m is further coated. As shown in FIG. 5, in order to sufficiently exhibit the excellent corrosion resistance of nickel, it is preferable to coat the nickel plating film 5 on the outside of the copper plating film. As shown in FIG. 5, the thus formed permanent magnet with a handle 2 is arranged on the peripheral surface of the rotor yoke 1 and then welded by a single laser beam.
- the plating film is composed of two layers, the copper plating film 4 and the nickel plating film 5, it is necessary to combine the excellent thermal conductivity of copper with the excellent corrosion resistance of nickel. Can be done.
- the permanent magnet 2 with the plating is not embedded in the rotor yoke 1 and is made of a polymer material. Since the structure does not use an adhesive, costs can also be reduced.
- the metal film is not excessively used, and the cost can be reduced from this viewpoint. It can be achieved sufficiently.
- the object of the present invention is to improve durability, cost, magnetic efficiency based on the air gap between the rotor and the stay, magnetic efficiency based on the inclusion gap between the permanent magnet and the rotor yoke, and heat sinkability. Therefore, it is desirable to conduct an evaluation test on all of these performances, since it is possible to appropriately realize, at a high level, all the performances relating to the bonding strength between the rotor yoke and the permanent magnet.
- the rotor for a permanent magnet type motor according to the present invention does not employ a mode in which a permanent magnet is embedded in the rotor and does not use the above-mentioned adhesive, so that cost reduction is clearly achieved. I have.
- the magnetic efficiency based on the air gap between the rotor and the stay and the magnetic efficiency based on the inclusion gap between the permanent magnet and the mouth yoke are excellent.
- a rotor yoke material 11 made of an iron-based material and a permanent magnet 12 with a copper plating with a thickness of 50 m on the entire surface of a Nd-Fe-B rare-earth magnet were prepared.
- 6 (A) laser beam welding was performed on a part of the outer periphery of the contact surface between the rotor yoke 11 and the permanent magnets 12 with plating (broken line in the figure).
- FIG. 6 (C) a tensile shear test in accordance with JIS K 6850 was performed on the joined rotor yoke 11 and the permanent magnet 12 with plating.
- the test equipment used was “AutoDaraf AG-5000 with high-temperature chamber” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- the tensile shear test was performed at temperatures of —20 ° C, 25 ° C, 140 ° C, and 200 ° C. The speed was 5 mm / min.
- a rotor material 13 made of an iron-based material and a permanent magnet 14 made of an Nd-Fe-B-based rare earth magnet were prepared, and these were epoxy-coated on the entire contact surface as shown in Fig. 6 (B).
- An adhesive ("GM 8300" manufactured by Brenichi Giken) was applied to a thickness of 80 m and bonded.
- GM 8300 manufactured by Brenichi Giken
- a tensile shear test based on JIS K 6850 was performed on the joined low yoke 13 and permanent magnet 14. The test conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- a yoke material 13 made of an iron-based material and a permanent magnet 14 made of an Ncl—Fe— e-based rare earth magnet were prepared, and these were applied to the entire contact surface as shown in FIG. 6 (B).
- An epoxy adhesive (“Pond E Set” manufactured by Konishi Co., Ltd.) was applied to a thickness of 80 and bonded.
- a tensile shear test based on JISK 6850 was performed on the joined mouth yoke 13 and permanent magnet 14.
- the test conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- the results of the evaluation test of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown in FIG.
- Example 1 it can be seen that in Example 1, almost the same intensity was obtained from 120 ° C. to 200 ° C. Therefore, the rotor corresponding to the first embodiment can be stably used in the entire temperature range during use.
- Comparative Example 1 although sufficient bonding strength was obtained on the low temperature side, it was found that the bonding strength was significantly reduced on the high temperature side. Therefore, the rotor corresponding to Comparative Example 1 cannot be used stably in a high temperature range during use. Further, in Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that sufficient bonding strength could not be obtained on both the low temperature side and the high temperature side. Therefore, the lipstick corresponding to Comparative Example 2 cannot be used stably in the entire temperature range at the time of use.
- the bonding strength at high temperature and high speed rotation ⁇ the durability including thermal shock is excellent in Example 1, considering the results of the bonding strength between the rotor yoke and the permanent magnet. It is presumed that the example is bad.
- a rotor yoke material 11 made of an iron-based material and a permanent magnet 12 with a plating in which copper plating is applied to the entire surface of an Nd-Fe-B-based rare-earth magnet were prepared.
- Example 2 As a result of the thermal conductivity measurement, in Example 2, the thermal conductivity showed a high value of 50 to 400 W / m ⁇ K. This is because a copper plating film is interposed between the permanent magnet and the rotor yoke, so that there is a contact portion between metals. Therefore, Example 2 achieves excellent heat sinkability.
- Comparative Example 3 the thermal conductivity was as low as 0.1 to 0.9 W / m ⁇ K. This is because, due to the interposition of the epoxy resin between the permanent magnet and the mouthpiece, heat stays in the resin portion, and excellent thermal conductivity cannot be realized. Therefore, in Comparative Example 3, excellent heat sinkability is not realized.
- a permanent magnet made of Ncl-Fe-B-based rare earth magnet is coated with a copper plating (film thickness 3 (Example 1)) on a mouth yoke (outer diameter 170 mm, thickness 55 mm) made of iron-based material.
- a rotor magnet made of an iron-based material (outside diameter: 170 mm, thickness: 55 mm) and a permanent magnet made of an Nd—Fe—B-based rare earth magnet were coated with copper plating (film thickness: 20 m (comparative example)
- Each permanent magnet with a thickness of 100 m (Comparative Example 5) Each of them was manufactured by welding. Next, at each port, a tensile shear test in accordance with JISK 680 was performed on the joined rotor yoke and permanent magnet. The test conditions were the same as in Example 1. The temperature at which the tensile shear test was performed was 200 ° C. Furthermore, each rotor was rotated at 800 rpm for 30 minutes, and the detachment of the permanent magnet from the mouth yoke was investigated.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of tensile shear tests for Examples 3 to 7 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5. As shown in the figure, Examples 3 to 7 can be said to be preferable examples from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost because the bonding strength is increased with the increase in the thickness of the copper plating. In Examples 3 to 7, the permanent magnet was not separated from the rotor yoke even when the rotor was rotated as described above, and thus it was confirmed that sufficient bonding strength to withstand use was obtained.
- Comparative Example 4 when the rotor was rotated as described above, the permanent magnet was detached from the rotor yoke, so that sufficient bonding strength to withstand use was not obtained. This is not a good example. Also, as shown in FIG. 8, the bonding strength of Comparative Example 5 was not increased even though the thickness of the copper plating was increased as compared with Example 7, so that the manufacturing cost was reduced. This is not a suitable example from the viewpoint. As described above, from the examination results of the bonding strength and the like of Examples 3 to 7 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5, the preferable range of the metal film thickness is 25 to 9 as described in claim 3 of the present application. It can be said that it is 0 m.
- the metal film is composed of at least one of a copper plating film and a nickel plating film, and the bonding strength when the thickness of each plating film is changed while keeping the thickness of all plating films constant
- a permanent magnet consisting of an Nd-Fe-B rare earth magnet is plated on a rotor yoke (outer diameter: 170 mm, thickness: 55 mm) made of iron-based material (film thickness: 50 am (Example) 8), film thickness 40 m (Example 9), film thickness 30 m (Example 10), film thickness 20 m (Example 11), film thickness 10 m (Example 12), A film thickness of 0 rn (Example 13)), and a nickel plating was further applied thereon (film thickness ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (Example 8).
- FIG. 9 it can be seen from FIG. 8 that in any of Examples 8 to 13, suitable bonding strength that can be used is obtained. Also, it can be seen that changing the thickness of the copper plating and the nickel plating has little effect on the bonding strength if the entire metal film thickness is constant.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005504679A JPWO2004068673A1 (ja) | 2003-01-28 | 2004-01-21 | 永久磁石式モータ用ロータ |
US10/541,327 US7378772B2 (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2004-01-21 | Rotor for permanent magnet motor |
EP04703914A EP1589635B1 (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2004-01-21 | Rotor for permanent magnet motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003018854 | 2003-01-28 | ||
JP2003-018854 | 2003-01-28 | ||
JP2003-023179 | 2003-01-31 | ||
JP2003023179 | 2003-01-31 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004068673A2 true WO2004068673A2 (ja) | 2004-08-12 |
WO2004068673A1 WO2004068673A1 (ja) | 2004-08-12 |
WO2004068673A3 WO2004068673A3 (ja) | 2004-10-28 |
Family
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7723894B2 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2010-05-25 | General Electric Company | Electrical machine with improved loss characteristics and method of making same |
WO2020138094A1 (ja) | 2018-12-25 | 2020-07-02 | ダイセルポリマー株式会社 | 表面に粗面化構造を有する希土類磁石前駆体または希土類磁石成形体とそれらの製造方法 |
JP2021023063A (ja) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-02-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 回転子の製造方法 |
WO2022259695A1 (ja) | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-15 | Dmg森精機株式会社 | モータ用ロータ |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5586361A (en) | 1978-12-20 | 1980-06-30 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Manufacture of rotor for clock motor |
JPS6057055A (ja) | 1983-09-05 | 1985-04-02 | Secoh Giken Inc | 複数個の負荷を駆動する装置 |
FR2556519A1 (fr) | 1983-12-08 | 1985-06-14 | Labinal | Perfectionnement aux machines a aimants et notamment aux machines a aimants au rotor et procede de fabrication de pieces de ces machines |
JPH04101640A (ja) | 1990-08-17 | 1992-04-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 永久磁石回転機の回転子 |
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5586361A (en) | 1978-12-20 | 1980-06-30 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Manufacture of rotor for clock motor |
JPS6057055A (ja) | 1983-09-05 | 1985-04-02 | Secoh Giken Inc | 複数個の負荷を駆動する装置 |
FR2556519A1 (fr) | 1983-12-08 | 1985-06-14 | Labinal | Perfectionnement aux machines a aimants et notamment aux machines a aimants au rotor et procede de fabrication de pieces de ces machines |
JPH04101640A (ja) | 1990-08-17 | 1992-04-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 永久磁石回転機の回転子 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1589635A4 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7723894B2 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2010-05-25 | General Electric Company | Electrical machine with improved loss characteristics and method of making same |
US8671552B2 (en) | 2004-12-20 | 2014-03-18 | General Electric Company | Method for manufacturing a rotor for an electric machine |
WO2020138094A1 (ja) | 2018-12-25 | 2020-07-02 | ダイセルポリマー株式会社 | 表面に粗面化構造を有する希土類磁石前駆体または希土類磁石成形体とそれらの製造方法 |
US11810713B2 (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2023-11-07 | Daicel Miraizu Ltd. | Rare earth magnet precursor or rare earth magnet molded body having roughened structure on surface and method for manufacturing same |
JP2021023063A (ja) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-02-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 回転子の製造方法 |
WO2022259695A1 (ja) | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-15 | Dmg森精機株式会社 | モータ用ロータ |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060043810A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
EP1589635A2 (en) | 2005-10-26 |
WO2004068673A3 (ja) | 2004-10-28 |
EP1589635B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
EP1589635A4 (en) | 2007-02-07 |
JPWO2004068673A1 (ja) | 2006-05-25 |
US7378772B2 (en) | 2008-05-27 |
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