WO2004062002A1 - 非水電解液電池用セパレータ - Google Patents
非水電解液電池用セパレータ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004062002A1 WO2004062002A1 PCT/JP2003/016360 JP0316360W WO2004062002A1 WO 2004062002 A1 WO2004062002 A1 WO 2004062002A1 JP 0316360 W JP0316360 W JP 0316360W WO 2004062002 A1 WO2004062002 A1 WO 2004062002A1
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- phosphazene derivative
- separator
- formula
- aqueous electrolyte
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, particularly to a non-flammable non-aqueous electrolyte battery separator.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte batteries using lithium as the negative electrode active material are known as one of the batteries with a high energy density because the electrode potential of lithium is the lowest among metals and the electric capacity per unit volume is large.
- Many types of primary batteries and secondary batteries are actively researched, and some are put to practical use and supplied to the market.
- non-aqueous electrolyte primary batteries are power cells, electronic watches, It is used as a power source for various types of memory backup, and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is used as a drive power source for notebook type portable computers and mobile phones.
- a porous film of polyolefin such as polyethylene-polypropylene is used as a separator provided between the positive and negative electrodes of these nonaqueous electrolyte batteries to prevent a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes.
- the separator is provided with a large number of holes for allowing ions to pass during charging and discharging of the battery, and does not hinder the passage of ions under a normal use environment.
- the separator itself may burn, and in this case, the temperature rise of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery is promoted, and There is a risk that the non-aqueous electrolyte battery may run away from heat.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a nonflammable nonaqueous electrolyte battery separator that does not burn itself even when the temperature inside the battery becomes high.
- the separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is characterized by comprising a microporous membrane formed by adding a phosphazene derivative and an isomer of Z or a phosphazene derivative to a polymer.
- the polymer 10 In a preferred example of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery separator of the present invention, the polymer 10
- the total amount of the phosphazene derivative and the isomer of the phosphazene derivative is 0.5 to 10 parts by mass relative to 0 parts by mass.
- phosphazene derivative As the phosphazene derivative, a phosphazene derivative having a viscosity of 30 OmPas (300 cP) or less at 25 ° C and represented by the following formula (I) or the following formula (II): Body preferred,
- RR 2 and R 3 each independently represent a monovalent substituent or a halogen element
- X 1 represents carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, oxygen , Sulfur, selenium, tellurium and polonium represent a substituent containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of: ⁇ ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 each independently represent a divalent linking group, a divalent element or a single bond Represents.
- R 4 independently represents a monovalent substituent or a halogen element; n represents 3 to 15.
- phosphazene derivatives represented by the above formula (II) a phosphazene derivative represented by the following formula (III) or (IV) is particularly preferable.
- n 3 to 13.
- each R 5 independently represents a monovalent substituent or fluorine, at least one of all R 5 is a monovalent substituent containing fluorine or fluorine, and ⁇ represents 3 to 8. However, not all R 5 is fluorine.
- a phosphazene derivative which is solid at 25 ° C. and represented by the following formula (V) is also preferable.
- R 6 independently represents a monovalent substituent or a halogen element; n represents 3 to 6.
- an isomer of a phosphazene derivative represented by the following formula (VI) and represented by the following formula (VII) is preferable.
- R 7 , R 8 and R 9 each independently represent a monovalent substituent or a halogen element
- X 2 represents carbon, silicon, genolemanium, tin, nitrogen, Represents a substituent containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tenorel, and polonium
- Y 7 and Y 8 each independently represent a divalent Represents a linking group, a divalent element or a single bond.
- the polymer is polyolefin.
- the polyolefin is polyethylene or Is particularly preferably polypropylene.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery separator of the present invention comprises a microporous membrane formed by adding a phosphazene derivative and / or an isomer of a phosphazene derivative to a polymer.
- the reason why the separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is formed from a polymer to which a phosphazene derivative and / or an isomer of a phosphazene derivative is added is as follows.
- halogen for example, fluorine
- carbides are formed on the pole material and the separator in the event of combustion, which has the effect of blocking oxygen, and phosphorus has the effect of suppressing chain decomposition of the polymer that is the raw material of the separator. Therefore, the danger of burning the separator can be effectively reduced.
- the phosphazene derivative and its isomer preferably have a substituent containing a halogen element in the molecular structure.
- a halogen element fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like are preferable, and fluorine is particularly preferable.
- the separator can more effectively exhibit nonflammability by the induced halogen gas even if the total amount of the phosphazene derivative and its isomer is small. Becomes possible.
- the content of the halogen element in the phosphazene derivative and its isomer is preferably 2% by mass or more, more preferably 2 to 80% by mass, still more preferably 2 to 60% by mass, and preferably 2 to 50% by mass. Particularly preferred. If the content is less than 2% by mass, the effect of including a halogen element may not be sufficiently exhibited.
- the halogen element fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like are preferable, and fluorine is particularly preferable.
- the 2 5 ° C 3 0 O m P a ⁇ s (3 0 0 c P) or less preferably has a 5 m P a 'S (5 c P) following viscosity, the equation
- the phosphazene derivative represented by (I) or (II) is preferred.
- R 1 R 2 and R 3 are not particularly limited as long as they are monovalent substituents or halogen elements.
- the monovalent substituent include an anorecoxy group, a phenoxy group, an alkyl group, a carboxyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group, an alkylthio group and the like.
- an alkoxy group is preferred because it has a particularly low viscosity.
- the halogen element fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like are preferably mentioned.
- R 1 to R 3 may all be the same type of substituent, and some of them may be different types of substituents.
- alkoxy group examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group and the like, and an alkoxy-substituted alkoxy group such as a methoxyethoxy group and a methoxyethoxyshethoxy group.
- alkoxy-substituted alkoxy group such as a methoxyethoxy group and a methoxyethoxyshethoxy group.
- the ⁇ to 1 3 a total hand methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a preferred Metokishetokishi group or main butoxy ethoxy ethoxy carboxylate group, a point especially low viscosity, in all the main butoxy group or an ethoxy group It is particularly preferred that there is.
- Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, and a pentyl group.
- Examples of the acetyl group include a formyl group, an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group, an isoptyryl group, and a valeryl group.
- Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a tolyl group and a naphthyl group.
- Said a Examples of the alkylthio group include a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, and a phenylthio group.
- examples of the divalent linking group represented by Y 2 and 3 include, for example, CH 2 group, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, nitrogen, boron, aluminum, scandium, gallium, yttrium , Indium, lanthanum, thallium, carbon, silicon, titanium, tin, germanium, zirconium, lead, phosphorus, vanadium, arsenic, copper, antimony, tantanore, bismuth, chromium, molybdenum, tesolenole, porodium, tungsten, iron, cobalt, include divalent linking group containing a least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel, among these, CH 2 group and an oxygen, sulfur, selenium, a group consisting of nitrogen And a divalent linking group containing at least one element selected from the
- a divalent linking group containing sulfur and / or selenium, a sulfur element, and a selenium element are particularly preferable. All yi Y 3 may be of the same type or some may be of different types.
- R 1Q to R 14 represent a monovalent substituent or a halogen element.
- Y W to Y 14 represent a divalent linking group, a divalent element, or a single bond, and Z represents a divalent group or a divalent element.
- R 1Q to R 14 are preferably the same monovalent substituents or halogen elements as described for R ⁇ R 3 in the formula (I). It is listed. Further, these may be of the same type in the same organic group, or may be of different types. R 10 and R 11 in the formula (VIII), and R 13 and R 14 in the formula (X) may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the groups represented by Y 1Q to Y 14 are the same divalent linking groups as described for ⁇ to ⁇ 3 in the formula (I). Or a divalent element, etc. Particularly, a group containing an element of sulfur and / or selenium is particularly preferable because the risk of burning the separator is reduced. These may be of the same type within the same organic group, or some may be of different types.
- Z represents, for example, a CH 2 group, CHR (R represents an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, a phenyl group, etc .; the same applies hereinafter), a NR group, oxygen, sulfur, and the like.
- Z may be a divalent element such as oxygen, sulfur, and selenium.
- an organic group containing phosphorus as represented by the formula (VIII) is particularly preferable in that the danger of burning the separator can be particularly effectively reduced.
- R 4 is not particularly limited as long as it is a monovalent substituent or a halogen element.
- the monovalent substituent include an alkoxy group, a phenoxy group, an alkyl group, a carboxyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group, an alkylthio group and the like, and among these, an alkoxy group and a phenoxy group are particularly preferred.
- preferred examples of the halogen element include fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.
- alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a methoxetoxy group, and a propoxy group.
- a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a methoxyethoxy group are particularly preferable.
- the hydrogen element in these substituents is preferably substituted with a halogen element.
- a halogen element fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like are preferred.
- equations (1), (11), (VIII)-(X)! ⁇ ⁇ , R 10 ⁇ R 14, Y ⁇ Y 3, ⁇ 10 ⁇ 14, by appropriately selecting the zeta, more suitable viscosity, can be synthesized phosphazene derivative having a solubility such suitable for adding and mixing with Become.
- the above phosphazene derivatives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the phosphazene derivative represented by the formula (III) is particularly preferable.
- ⁇ is preferably 3 to 4, and more preferably 3.
- the value of ⁇ is small, the boiling point is low, and the ignition prevention characteristics at the time of flame contact can be improved.
- the value of ⁇ increases, so that it can be used stably even at high temperatures. It is also possible to select and use a plurality of phosphazene derivatives at appropriate times in order to obtain the desired performance by utilizing the above properties.
- the phosphazene derivative represented by the formula (IV) is particularly preferable.
- the monovalent substituent in the formula (IV) include an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group, a carboxyl group, an alkylthio group, etc., which effectively reduce the risk of burning the separator.
- Alkoxy groups are preferred in that they can.
- the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n -propoxy group, an i-propoxy group, a butoxy group and the like, and an alkoxy-substituted alkoxy group such as a methoxyethoxy group.
- a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an n-propoxy group are particularly preferred in that they can be reliably reduced.
- n is preferably 3 or 4 from the viewpoint that the danger of burning of the separator can be effectively reduced.
- the monovalent substituent is preferably substituted with fluorine. When none of R 5 in the formula (IV) is fluorine, at least one monovalent substituent contains fluorine.
- the content of fluorine in the phosphazene derivative represented by the formula (IV) is preferably 3 to 70% by mass, more preferably 7 to 45% by mass.
- the phosphazene derivative is preferably a solid at 25 ° C.
- R 6 there is no particular limitation as long as it is a monovalent substituent or a halogen element.
- the monovalent substituent include an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, a carboxyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group and the like. preferable.
- the halogen element for example, a halogen element such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine is preferably exemplified.
- the alkoxy group is preferably a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a methoxetoxy group, a propoxy group (y-propoxy group, n-propoxy group), a phenoxy group, a trif-n-ethoxy group, and the like.
- Groups (isopropoxy group, n-propoxy group), phenoxy group, trifluoroethoxy group and the like are more preferable.
- the monovalent substituent preferably contains the halogen element described above. In the formula (V), n is particularly preferably 3 or 4.
- a structure of 4 a structure in which R 6 is an ⁇ -propoxy group and ⁇ is 4 in the formula (V), and a structure in which R 6 is a trifluoroethoxy group and ⁇ is 3 or 4 in the formula (V).
- the isomer of the phosphazene derivative is preferably an isomer of the phosphazene derivative represented by the above formula (VI) and represented by the above formula (VII).
- R 7 , R 8 and R 9 in the formula (VI) are not particularly limited as long as they are monovalent substituents or halogen elements, and are the same as those described in 1 to R 3 in the above formula (I). Both monovalent substituents and halogen elements are preferred.
- the divalent linking group or divalent element represented by Y 7 and Y 8 is the same as the divalent linking group described for Y ⁇ Y 3 in the formula (I).
- a linking group, a divalent element, and the like are all preferably exemplified.
- the substituent represented by X 2 is the same as that described for X 1 in the formula (I). All of the substituents are preferably exemplified.
- the isomer represented by the formula (VI) is an isomer of the phosphazene derivative represented by the formula (VII), and includes, for example, the degree of vacuum when the phosphazene derivative represented by the formula (VII) is produced.
- the isomer can be produced by adjusting the temperature, and the content (% by volume) of the isomer can be measured by the following measurement method.
- the peak area of the sample is determined by gel / repermeation chromatography (GPC) or high-speed solid chromatography, and the peak area is determined in advance per mole of the isomer.
- the molar ratio can be obtained by comparing with the area, and can be measured by taking into account the specific gravity and converting the volume.
- R 7 to R 9 , ⁇ 7 to ⁇ 8 and 2 in the formula (VII) are the same as those described in the description of R 7 to R 9 , Y 7 to Y 8 and X 2 in the formula (VI). Those are all suitably mentioned.
- the flash point of the phosphazene derivative and its isomer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of suppressing the combustion of the separator, and 23
- the temperature is more preferably 0 ° C or higher, and most preferably one that does not ignite.
- the flash point is, specifically, a temperature at which a flame spreads on the surface of a substance and covers at least 75% of the surface of the substance. The flash point tends to form a combustible mixture with air. It is a measure of seeing.
- the phosphazene derivative and its isomer have a flash point of 100 ° C. or more, the risk of burning the separator can be effectively reduced.
- polystyrene resins such as polystyrene and ABS resins
- Polyether such as butyl chloride resin, polyacetal, polyphenylene ether; polyphenylene Sulfur-containing polymers such as lensulphide, polyethersulfone, and polysulfone
- polyimide polymers such as polyimide, polyamideimide, and polyetherimide
- ketone polymers such as polyetheretherketone
- polyamides and polytetrafluoroethylene And a cellulose-based material.
- polyolefin is preferable in terms of chemical stability such as solvent resistance and mechanical strength such as tensile strength and bending strength.
- the shape of the separator may be a sheet shape
- the total amount of the phosphazene derivative and the isomers of the phosphazene derivative relative to the polymer is from 0.5 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer from the viewpoint of effectively reducing the danger of burning the separator. And preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass.
- the total amount of the phosphazene derivative and the isomer of the phosphazene derivative is less than 0.5 part by mass, the effect of reducing the danger of burning of the separator is small, and when the amount exceeds 10 parts by mass, the separator is produced when the separator is produced.
- the separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is a microporous membrane, and hardly hinders the passage of ions during charging and discharging of the battery, as in the conventional separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
- the pore diameter of the separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is 0.05 to 5 m, preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ .
- the thickness of the separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is appropriately selected depending on the mechanical strength required for the separator, and is 5 to 100 / m, preferably 7 to 40 m.
- the porosity of the separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is appropriately selected depending on the desired permeability and liquid retention of the non-aqueous electrolyte, and is preferably 25 to 60%, preferably 3 to 50%. 5 to 50%.
- the separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention can be manufactured by a conventional method for manufacturing a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, and examples thereof include a dry process and a wet process as described below. .
- a dry process first, the polymer is heated and melted in the first step, and the phosphazene derivative and / or the isomer of the phosphazene derivative are added to the melted polymer and mixed until uniform. I do.
- the heating temperature is appropriately selected according to the melting point of the polymer used.
- the mixture is extruded into a film by an extruder, and the annealed mixture is stretched by a stretching machine at a low temperature to form an initial stage of pores.
- the film having pores in the initial stage is stretched by a stretching machine under a high temperature to form a microporous film.
- the solvent, the polymer, and the phosphazene derivative and the isomer of Z or the phosphazene derivative are mixed and heated and melted.
- the mixture is extruded into a film by an extruder, and further stretched in a uniaxial or biaxial direction by a stretcher.
- the solvent used in the first step is extracted from the stretched film in the third step with a volatile solvent, and further air-dried to form a microporous membrane.
- the melting temperature of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Various known compounds having a higher boiling point can be used. Specifically, for example, paraffin wax which is solid at room temperature, or higher aliphatic alcohols such as stearyl alcohol and ceryl alcohol, n-alkane such as n-decane and n-dodecane which are liquid at room temperature. There can be mentioned paraffin, kerosene and the like.
- the usage ratio of the base polymer and the plasticizer is usually 5 to 60% by mass of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, preferably 10 to 50% by mass. / 0 , the plasticizer is selected from the range of 40 to 95% by mass, preferably 50 to 90% by mass. Further, the resin composition, known antioxidant, etc. in the resin composition, 0. 0 1-5 mass 0/0 approximately may be used in combination.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte battery separator of the present invention includes the above-described separator of the present invention, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution. It may be a battery.
- black tin fluoride [(CF x ) n ], Mn O 2 (even electrochemical synthesis may be chemical synthesis), V 2 0 5, Mo0 3, Ag 2 C R_ ⁇ 4, CuO, CuS, F e S 2, S_ ⁇ 2, SOC 1 2, T i S 2 and the like suitably include et al is, among these, safety high capacity, more from the viewpoint of excellent wettability discharge potential is high electrolyte Mn_ ⁇ 2, V 2 0 5, graphite fluoride are preferred in terms of cost Mn 0 2, V 2 0 5 is more preferable.
- V 2 0 5, V 6 0 13, Mn 0 2, metal oxides such as MnO s, L i C o 0 2, L i N i 0 2, L i Mn 2 0 4, L i F e 0 2 and L i F e P 0 lithium-containing composite oxides such as 4, T i S 2, Mo S metal sulfides such as 2, a conductive polymer such Poriaerin such are preferred.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide may be a composite oxide containing two or three transition metals selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni.
- the oxide is L i F e x C o y N i (1 — x — y ) 0 2 (where 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 0 x + y ⁇ 1), or L i Mn x F e y 0 2 - represented by x _ y like.
- L i C o0 2, L i N i 0 2, L iMn 2 ⁇ 4 is particularly preferred. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the above positive electrode can be mixed with a conductive agent and a binder as needed.
- the conductive agent examples include acetylene black, and the binder includes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluorocarbon. Ethylene (PT FE) and the like.
- the shape of the positive electrode is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from known shapes of electrodes. For example, a sheet shape, a column shape, a plate shape, a spiral shape, and the like can be given.
- examples of the negative electrode of the nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery include lithium alloys in addition to lithium metal itself.
- examples of the metal that forms an alloy with lithium include Sn, Pb, Al, Au, Pt, In, Zn, Cd, Ag, and Mg. Among them, A1, Zn, and Mg are preferable from the viewpoint of large reserves and toxicity.
- the negative electrode of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery lithium metal itself, alloys of lithium with A1, In, Pb, Zn, or the like, and carbon materials such as lithium-doped graphite are preferable. Carbon materials such as graphite are preferred because of their higher safety. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the shape of the negative electrode is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected from known shapes similar to the shape of the positive electrode.
- the electrolytic solution contains a supporting salt and an aprotic organic solvent as main components.
- the supporting Jishio may be those normally used in 'the source' ions of lithium ions, for example, L i C 1_Rei 4, L i BF 4, L i PF 6, L i CF 3 S_ ⁇ 3, L i a s F 6 , L i C 4 F 9 S0 3, L i (CF 3 S_ ⁇ 2) 2 N, and L i (C 2 F 5 S 0 2) lithium salts such as 2 N Are preferred. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the aprotic organic solvent is not particularly limited, but includes an ether compound and an ester compound from the viewpoint of suppressing the viscosity of the electrolytic solution to be low.
- an ether compound and an ester compound from the viewpoint of suppressing the viscosity of the electrolytic solution to be low.
- 1,2-dimethoxetane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl carbonate, jeti / recarbonate, diphenolecarbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolataton, methinoleetinore carbonate Preferable examples include ethyl methyl carbonate.
- cyclic ester compounds such as propylene carbonate and ⁇ -petit mouth lactone
- chain ester compounds such as dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate
- 1,2-dimethoxetane When used for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a cyclic ester compound such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ⁇ -petit mouth rataton, dimethinolecarbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate are preferred.
- chain ester compounds such as dimethyl carbonate, and chain ether compounds such as 1,2-dimethoxetane.
- Cyclic ester compounds are preferred in that they have a high relative dielectric constant and are excellent in the solubility of the supporting salt.
- chain ester compounds and ether compounds have low viscosities. It is suitable in terms of. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. May be used.
- the content of the supporting salt in the electrolytic solution is preferably from 0.1 to 1 mol 1 force per 1 L of the aprotic organic solvent, and more preferably from 0.2 to: Lmo 1 force S. If the content force is less than S 0.1 lm o 1, sufficient conductivity of the electrolyte cannot be secured, which may affect the discharge characteristics of the battery. As described above, since the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte increases and sufficient mobility of lithium ions cannot be secured, sufficient conductivity of the electrolyte cannot be secured as described above, and as a result, the solution resistance increases. In the case of a primary battery, the discharge characteristics may be affected, and in the case of a secondary battery, the charge / discharge characteristics may be affected.
- a phosphazene derivative ⁇ an isomer of a phosphazene derivative is added as described in JP-A-6-1310 / 200-83636 / 1990. Is also good. In this case, in addition to the fact that the separator is nonflammable, the risk of ignition or ignition of the electrolyte is reduced, so that the risk of ignition of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery can be reliably reduced.
- a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery was manufactured by the above wet process.
- Step 1 25 parts by weight of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder having a weight average molecular weight of 200,000
- phosphazene derivative A and stearyl alcohol 75 5 parts by mass are supplied to a 50 ⁇ twin-screw extruder, and are continuously extruded from an inflation die with a die diameter of 40 mm while kneading at 200 ° C. It was picked up at 1 Omm / min (die temperature: 170 ° C, draft rate: Dr 17.6) and melt-deformed at a professional ratio (BUR) of 5.5 to obtain a sheet with a thickness of 52 m. . This sheet was immersed in isopropyl alcohol at 60 ° C to extract stearyl alcohol, and a heating pin with a surface temperature of 125 ° C was used. Heat treatment was carried out using Tyrol to obtain a 38 / im polyethylene microporous membrane.
- the phosphazene derivative A was synthesized by the following method.
- X 1 in the formula (I) is represented by formula (VIII), in R ⁇ R 3 and R 1Q to R U are all C 1, 1 ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 11 are all single bonds, A compound in which Z is oxygen was reacted with sodium ethoxide at a temperature of 140 ° C. in a toluene solvent, followed by molecular distillation to obtain a purified phosphazene derivative A.
- the chemical formula of the phosphazene derivative A is shown below.
- the self-extinguishing property was evaluated as the case where the ignited flame extinguished between the lines of 25 to 10 ° mm and no ignition was found on the falling object from the net drop.
- JIS C85 13 (Safety of lithium primary battery) 6.
- the thermal misuse test was arranged according to a modified method. That is, the test battery was placed in a thermostat and the temperature of the thermostat was raised at a rate of 5 ° CZ until it reached 150 ° C and 2 ° C. When the battery was stored at this temperature for 10 minutes and when stored for 30 minutes, the battery was ruptured or ignited under each condition, and X was determined when no rupture or ignition occurred.
- a CR2016 type lithium primary battery was produced.
- manganese dioxide EMD manufactured by Mitsui Mining
- acetylene black acetylene black
- polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE
- the mass of the positive electrode is 2 Omg.
- a lithium foil Thickness: 5 mm
- punched out to a diameter of 16 mm was used, and for the current collector, an Eckel foil was used.
- the electrolytic solution was prepared by dissolving at a concentration of 0. 75 mo 1 / L a L i BF 4 in y- butyrolactone (GBL).
- the above battery was discharged to 1.5 V (lower limit voltage) at a constant current of 1 mA (0.2 C) in an atmosphere of 25 ° C, and the room temperature discharge capacity was measured.
- an AA lithium secondary battery was produced as follows. First, with respect to L i CO0 (manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.) 2 10 parts by mass of Asechire Npurakku, polytetramethylene full O B Ethylene (PTFE) was added 10 parts by weight, an organic solvent (acetic Echiru and ethanol Then, the mixture was kneaded with a 50/50 volume% mixed solvent) and roll-rolled to produce a thin positive electrode sheet having a thickness of 1 ⁇ 0 / im and a width of 4 Omm. After that, using the two obtained positive electrode sheets, a 25 ⁇ -thick aluminum foil (current collector) with a conductive adhesive applied to the surface was sandwiched.
- L i CO0 manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.
- PTFE polytetramethylene full O B Ethylene
- Aim's lithium metal foil was overlaid and rolled up to produce a cylindrical electrode.
- the length of the positive electrode of the cylindrical electrode was about 26 Omm.
- Electrolyte a mixed solution of Jefferies chill carbonate (DEC) 50 volume 0/0 of ethylene carbonate (EC) 50 volume 0/0, dissolving L i BF 4 a (supporting salt) at a concentration of 0.75mo 1 / L Prepared.
- the electrolytic solution was injected into the cylindrical electrode and sealed to prepare an AA lithium secondary battery.
- the above battery is charged and discharged repeatedly up to 50 cycles under the conditions of 25 ° C, upper limit voltage of 4.2 V, lower limit voltage of 3.0 V, discharge current of 10 OmA, and charging current of 5 OmA.
- the initial charge / discharge capacity and the charge / discharge capacity after 50 cycles were measured.
- Table 2 shows the ratio of each discharge capacity when the initial discharge capacity of Conventional Example 1 is 1.
- a separator was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 from a polymer to which the phosphazene derivative was added in the amount shown in Table 1.
- the phosphazene derivative B, the phosphazene derivative C, and the phosphazene derivative D were synthesized by the following method. (Method of synthesizing phosphazene derivative B)
- Trifluoroacetic crab phosphorus trichloride (PC 1 2 F 3) room temperature conditions, is reacted with a GETS chill phosphoryl amide without solvent, by performing the molecular distillation to obtain purified phosphazene induced body B.
- the chemical formula of the phosphazene derivative B is shown below.
- Trifluoride crab chloride phosphate (PC 1 2 F 3) at room temperature conditions, by reaction with methanesulfonic ⁇ Mi de without solvent, X 1 in the formula (I) is represented by the formula (IX), R 1 Are compounds wherein all are fluorine, R 12 is a methyl group, and Y ⁇ Y 3 and Y 12 are all single bonds.
- this compound was reacted with pyrrolidine in a toluene solvent at room temperature, followed by molecular distillation to obtain a purified phosphazene derivative C.
- the chemical formula of the phos derivative C is shown below.
- Trifluoride diphosphate chloride (PC 1 2 F 3) at room temperature conditions, by reaction with Asetoami de without solvent, the formula (I) in which X 1 Asechiru group - by (COCH 3), R 1 ⁇ R A compound was obtained in which 3 was all fluorine and YL Y 3 was all single bonds.
- sodium phenoxide was added to the compound in an acetonitrile solvent at a temperature of ⁇ 40 ° C., and molecular distillation was performed to obtain a purified phosphazene derivative D.
- the chemical formula of the phosphazene derivative D is shown below.
- the phosphazene derivative E is a cyclic phosphazene derivative in which n is 3 and one of the six R 4 is a phenoxy group and the other five are fluorine in the formula (II);
- ⁇ ⁇ a cyclic phosphazene derivative in which ⁇ is 3 and all R 4 is a methoxy group
- the phosphazene derivative G is represented by the formula (II) in which ⁇ is 3 and all R 4 Is a cyclic phosphazene derivative in which is a phenoxy group
- the phosphazene derivative ⁇ is represented by the following formula ( ⁇ ).
- a separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the phosphacene derivative was not added, and used as a conventional example. The obtained separator was evaluated for thermal stability and thermal runaway in the same manner as in Example 1, and the porosity was measured and calculated.
- a lithium primary battery provided with the above separator was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the initial battery characteristics (voltage, internal resistance), average discharge potential, and room temperature discharge capacity were measured. Table 1 shows the results.
- a lithium secondary battery provided with the above separator was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the open circuit potential, average discharge potential, and charge / discharge cycle performance were measured and evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
- a nonflammable nonaqueous electrolyte battery separator comprising a microporous film formed by adding a phosphazene derivative and / or an isomer of a phosphazene derivative to a polymer. . Since the separator is nonflammable, the risk of the separator itself burning when the nonaqueous electrolyte battery becomes hot is significantly reduced. Further, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery provided with the separator does not impair the battery characteristics as compared with the conventional nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004564501A JPWO2004062002A1 (ja) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-12-19 | 非水電解液電池用セパレータ |
AU2003289453A AU2003289453A1 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-12-19 | Separator for nonaqueous electrolyte cell |
DE60330061T DE60330061D1 (de) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-12-19 | Separator für eine nicht wässrige elektrolytzelle |
EP03780936A EP1603175B1 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-12-19 | Separator for nonaqueous electrolyte cell |
US10/540,837 US7585587B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-12-19 | Separator for non-aqueous electrolyte cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2002380683 | 2002-12-27 | ||
JP2002-380683 | 2002-12-27 |
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WO2004062002A1 true WO2004062002A1 (ja) | 2004-07-22 |
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PCT/JP2003/016360 WO2004062002A1 (ja) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-12-19 | 非水電解液電池用セパレータ |
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US (1) | US7585587B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1603175B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2004062002A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1732580A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003289453A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60330061D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004062002A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006127839A (ja) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-05-18 | Bridgestone Corp | 電池用セパレータ及びそれを備えた非水電解質電池 |
JP2009301746A (ja) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-24 | Ntt Facilities Inc | 二次電池用セパレータ、及び二次電池 |
WO2012033090A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-03-15 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | 非水電解液電池 |
JP2012059393A (ja) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-03-22 | Ntt Facilities Inc | 非水電解液電池 |
WO2013032006A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-07 | 株式会社Nttファシリティーズ | 非水電解液電池 |
JP2015534595A (ja) * | 2012-09-21 | 2015-12-03 | ディレクター ジェネラル ディフェンス リサーチ アンド ディヴェロップメント オーガナイゼーション | 難燃性組成物、その繊維、製造方法及び用途 |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102160229A (zh) * | 2009-03-03 | 2011-08-17 | 株式会社Ntt设施 | 非水电解液电池 |
JP5753671B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-06 | 2015-07-22 | 株式会社Nttファシリティーズ | 非水電解液二次電池 |
JP5738010B2 (ja) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-06-17 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 二次電池用非水電解液及び非水電解液二次電池 |
US9023922B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2015-05-05 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Flame retardant compositions, articles comprising the same and methods of manufacture thereof |
US9394483B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2016-07-19 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Flame retardant polycarbonate compositions, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
WO2016160703A1 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-06 | Harrup Mason K | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
US11050284B2 (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2021-06-29 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Electrolyte, a battery including the same, and methods of reducing electrolyte flammability |
US10707531B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
Citations (2)
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JP2002194134A (ja) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-07-10 | Nitto Denko Corp | 多孔質フィルムとその製造方法とその利用 |
JP2002256093A (ja) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-11 | Nitto Denko Corp | 多孔質フィルムとその製造方法とその利用 |
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DE19612769A1 (de) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-10-02 | Basf Ag | Als Trägermaterial für Festelektrolyten oder Separatoren für elektrochemische Zellen geeignete Gemische |
US7229719B2 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2007-06-12 | Bridgestone Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
WO2001091219A1 (en) * | 2000-05-22 | 2001-11-29 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | A lithium secondary battery comprising a porous polymer separator film fabricated by a spray method and its fabrication method |
KR100767741B1 (ko) * | 2000-09-07 | 2007-10-17 | 가부시키가이샤 브리지스톤 | 비수전해액 첨가제, 비수전해액 이차전지 및 비수전해액전기 이중층 캐패시터 |
JP4612182B2 (ja) | 2000-12-27 | 2011-01-12 | 日東電工株式会社 | 多孔質フィルムとその製造方法とその利用 |
-
2003
- 2003-12-19 CN CNA2003801077388A patent/CN1732580A/zh active Pending
- 2003-12-19 JP JP2004564501A patent/JPWO2004062002A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-19 WO PCT/JP2003/016360 patent/WO2004062002A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-12-19 DE DE60330061T patent/DE60330061D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-19 AU AU2003289453A patent/AU2003289453A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-19 US US10/540,837 patent/US7585587B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-19 EP EP03780936A patent/EP1603175B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
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JP2002194134A (ja) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-07-10 | Nitto Denko Corp | 多孔質フィルムとその製造方法とその利用 |
JP2002256093A (ja) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-11 | Nitto Denko Corp | 多孔質フィルムとその製造方法とその利用 |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006127839A (ja) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-05-18 | Bridgestone Corp | 電池用セパレータ及びそれを備えた非水電解質電池 |
JP2009301746A (ja) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-24 | Ntt Facilities Inc | 二次電池用セパレータ、及び二次電池 |
WO2012033090A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-03-15 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | 非水電解液電池 |
JP2012059393A (ja) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-03-22 | Ntt Facilities Inc | 非水電解液電池 |
US9246150B2 (en) | 2010-09-06 | 2016-01-26 | Shin-Kobe Electric Machinery Co., Ltd. | Non-aqueous electrolyte battery |
WO2013032006A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-07 | 株式会社Nttファシリティーズ | 非水電解液電池 |
JP2013054891A (ja) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-21 | Ntt Facilities Inc | 非水電解液電池 |
JP2015534595A (ja) * | 2012-09-21 | 2015-12-03 | ディレクター ジェネラル ディフェンス リサーチ アンド ディヴェロップメント オーガナイゼーション | 難燃性組成物、その繊維、製造方法及び用途 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003289453A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
EP1603175A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
DE60330061D1 (de) | 2009-12-24 |
EP1603175A4 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
CN1732580A (zh) | 2006-02-08 |
US7585587B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 |
EP1603175B1 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
JPWO2004062002A1 (ja) | 2006-05-18 |
US20060073381A1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
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