WO2004055837A1 - 超電導マグネットおよびその製造方法と着磁方法 - Google Patents
超電導マグネットおよびその製造方法と着磁方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004055837A1 WO2004055837A1 PCT/JP2003/015989 JP0315989W WO2004055837A1 WO 2004055837 A1 WO2004055837 A1 WO 2004055837A1 JP 0315989 W JP0315989 W JP 0315989W WO 2004055837 A1 WO2004055837 A1 WO 2004055837A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
- H01F13/003—Methods and devices for magnetising permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of using a type 2 superconducting material as a permanent magnet, utilizing a magnetic flux trapping property of a type 2 superconducting material.
- the present invention relates to a magnetizing method for magnetizing a superconducting magnet so as to generate a density, and a superconducting magnet for generating a more stable magnetic flux density over time.
- the second-class superconducting material has been mostly wound into a coil as a superconducting wire, and applied research and development have been made in the form of a superconducting magnet as a permanent magnet that uses the superconducting permanent current. Have been.
- the flux creep phenomenon occurs when the quantum flux fixed at the pinning point moves due to thermal fluctuations. If this is not avoided, the flow of magnetic flux (magnetic flux flow) occurs, generating resistance and generating heat. The superconducting state is destroyed.
- a severe magnetic field of less than several ppm and less than 0.1 ppm / hr in a 30 cm spherical space is required.
- a uniform and stable magnetic field such as MRI, if the generated magnetic field changes over time, it is useless at all.
- the temperature of the refrigerant or the material is controlled to keep the superconducting current after trapping the magnetic flux below J c (critical current density).
- a heater is used to partially control the temperature so that a normal conduction state is established to allow a DC magnetic flux to pass therethrough.
- a method for applying an alternating magnetic field is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-279741.
- this method requires a heater and a temperature control device in addition to a normal shredding mechanism, and also requires an AC magnetic field applying device.
- one or more (N-1) of the cylindrical superconductors that are concentrically stacked (N) are kept in the normal conducting state from the innermost and the outer cylindrical It is necessary to bring the superconductor into a superconducting state.
- a method of realizing magnetization by a normal magnetization mechanism is as follows.When exciting in a superconducting state in a zero magnetic field, the center of a bulk or sheet The excitation is stopped by the applied magnetic field H exl before the magnetic flux density on the inner wall of the cylindrical body reaches the maximum trapped magnetic flux density Binmax, and the magnetization is monotonically demagnetized to zero to complete the magnetization.
- a method of stabilizing the magnetic flux density by providing a bending point of the magnetic flux density on a portion having a high density distribution, that is, a so-called peak side of the distribution, is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-273239.
- the present invention provides a superconducting magnet which magnetizes a superconductor by a simple and low-cost magnetizing device, has an excellent ability to suppress magnetic flux creep, and can overcome the various problems in the prior art. Is what you do.
- the inventor of the present invention can provide a bent point near the base of the inclined portion in the trapped magnetic flux density distribution to stop the magnetic flux moving downward from the peak side of the magnetic flux density distribution and slipping down near the base. As a result, they have found that the occurrence of magnetic flux creep can be significantly suppressed.
- the present invention has been made based on this finding, and the gist is as follows.
- a superconducting magnet characterized by having at least one minimum point between the central part and the peripheral part.
- the distribution of the magnetic flux density component has one maximum point between the minimum point closest to the edge and the edge.
- the distribution of the magnetic flux density component is characterized by having (N-1) maximum points and N minimum points between the central part and the peripheral part.
- the superconducting magnet according to (1) or (2).
- the distribution of the magnetic flux density component has N maximum points and N minimum points between the central part and the peripheral part.
- the superconducting magnet according to any one of (1) to (4).
- the bulk body or the sheet body is in contact with the type 2 superconducting material layer
- a superconducting magnet having at least one minimum point between the inner surface and the outer surface.
- the distribution of the magnetic flux density component has (N-1) maximum points and N minimum points between the inner surface and the outer surface.
- the superconducting magnet according to any one of the above (8) to (11).
- the seamless tubular body is formed of a type 2 superconducting material layer and a normal conducting material.
- the superconducting magnet according to any one of (8) to (11), wherein the material layers are alternately laminated in the thickness direction, and the laminated interface is metal-bonded.
- the second type superconducting material, N b T i based alloy, N b 3 S n is any one of V 3 G a sac Chi, and the normal conductive material, copper, copper alloy,
- N 1, 2,..., ⁇ (where ⁇ is a natural number).
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a change in magnetic flux density distribution obtained by a magnetization method in which the magnetic flux density ⁇ oHexl is captured, and then demagnetized to —Hex2, and then returned to zero magnetic field.
- A shows the change in the magnetic flux density distribution in the case of a circular bulk body or a circular sheet body
- (b) shows the change in the magnetic flux density distribution in the case of a cylindrical body.
- FIG. 2 shows a superconductor consisting of at least one of a bulk, sheet, or cylindrical body of type 2 superconducting material, applying an external magnetic field H exl in the normal conducting state, and then cooling to the superconducting state.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a change in magnetic flux density distribution obtained by a conventional magnetizing method in which a magnetic flux density ⁇ oHexl is captured and then returned to zero magnetic field.
- A shows the change of the magnetic flux density distribution in the case of a circular bulk or a circular sheet
- (b) shows the change of the magnetic flux density distribution in the case of a cylindrical body.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a relationship between an externally applied magnetic flux density and a magnetic flux density inside a superconductor in the case of oHexl ⁇ Binraax in a magnetization process of returning to a zero magnetic field.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the externally applied magnetic flux density and the magnetic flux density inside the superconductor in the case of ⁇ oHexl ⁇ Binmax— ⁇ oHex2 in the magnetization process.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the externally applied magnetic flux density and the magnetic flux density inside the superconductor in the case where B inmax ⁇ oHex2 ⁇ oHexl ⁇ inmax in the above magnetization process.
- FIG. 6 shows a superconductor composed of at least one of a Balta body, a sheet body, and a cylindrical body of the type 2 superconducting material, applying an external magnetic field H exl in the normal conducting state, and then cooling to the superconducting state.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a change in magnetic flux density distribution obtained by a magnetization method in which the magnetic flux density ⁇ oHexl is captured, then demagnetization to _Hex2 is performed, excitation is performed to + Hex2, and thereafter, the magnetic field is returned to zero magnetic field.
- (A) shows the change of the magnetic flux density distribution in the case of a circular bulk or a circular sheet
- (b) shows the change of the magnetic flux density distribution in the case of a cylindrical body.
- Fig. 7 shows a superconductor consisting of at least one of a bulk, sheet, or cylindrical body of type 2 superconducting material, applying an external magnetic field H exl in the normal conducting state, and then cooling to the superconducting state.
- FIG. 8 shows the change over time in the trapped magnetic flux density of a superconductor magnetized by one of the magnetizing methods of the present invention due to magnetic flux creep, and the capture of the same superconductor magnetized by a conventional magnetizing method.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a comparison of a change in magnetic flux density with time due to magnetic flux cleaving. (A) shows the change over time in linear time, and (b) shows the change over time in logarithmic time.
- Figure 2 shows the distribution of the magnetic flux density component parallel to the central axis on a plane perpendicular to the central axis when a seamless type 2 superconducting cylindrical body is magnetized. This is shown in (b).
- Each magnetic flux density distribution has a maximum value at the center or on the inner surface of the cylinder wall, decreases monotonically toward the outer periphery, and then becomes almost zero at the periphery or on the outer surface of the cylinder wall.
- the first invention of the present invention relates to a superconducting magnet composed of a bulk or sheet body of a type 2 superconducting material, wherein a magnetic flux perpendicular to the surface immediately above the surface of the bulk or sheet body is provided.
- the distribution of the density component has a maximum value at the center of the bulk body or the sheet body, and is almost zero at the periphery thereof.
- a superconducting magnet characterized in that it has at least one minimum point between the central part and the peripheral part.
- the magnetizing magnetic flux density at the peripheral portion of the bulk body or the sheet body or the outer surface of the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical body is set to “substantially zero”.
- the minimum point in the distribution of the magnetic flux density component is a bending point that is connected in a closed loop in the circumferential direction of the disk or cylinder and at which the gradient of the magnetic flux from the center to the outer periphery of the superconductor reverses.
- the sign of the magnetic flux density at the center is +
- the sign of the minimum point closest to the periphery is necessarily one.
- the position of the minimum point may be any position as long as it is between the center and the edge, but the minimum point is on the center side
- the minimum point be 1% or more inside the distance (radius in the case of a circle) between the edge and the center on the edge side from the center of the center and the edge.
- the value of the magnetic flux density to be magnetized is determined by the Jc characteristics inside the pulp or sheet body and the form factor (various dimensions) of the material, where Jc is the value of the magnetic flux density vector "B". Since it fluctuates greatly depending on the size B and the direction 0, it is difficult to specify clearly.
- the radius is 21.5 mm and the thickness is 1 mm (the total thickness of the NbTi layer is about 0.35 mm).
- the magnetic flux density at the center just above the surface is 0.01 T to 1 T, the radius is 21.5 mm, and the thickness is 1 Omm (the total thickness of the NbTi layer is about 3 • 5 mm ),
- the magnetic flux density is 0.05 T to 5 T.
- the magnetic flux density at the minimum point is -0.49 mm to -0.005 mm.
- the bulk body or the sheet body is often a circle having a predetermined thickness, but may be a polygon such as a triangle, a square, or a pentagon.
- the thickness must meet the conditions for maintaining a stable superconducting state, but ranges from the nanometer (nm) class of thin films to the number of Balta bodies of 10 mm.
- the diameter can be selected to the extent that a circular bulk or sheet can be manufactured.
- the maximum is about 5 m, and when the single crystal growth method is used, the maximum is about 10 Omm. It should be noted that the diameter can be minimized to about sub-nm by any of the manufacturing methods.
- the second invention according to the present invention is the magnetic flux density component according to the first invention.
- a superconducting magnet characterized by having one maximum point between the minimum point closest to the edge of the bulk or sheet body and the edge in the above distribution.
- Fig. 6 (a) shows an example of the distribution of the magnetic flux density component.
- the inflection point (maximum point) closest to the periphery has an effect of preventing new magnetic flux from entering from the outside world. Furthermore, a superconducting magnet that is very stable in time, that is, has a very constant magnetic flux density over time, can be obtained.
- the position of the minimum point in the second invention is, as in the first invention, the distance between the edge and the center (the radius in the case of a circle) ) Should be at least 1% inside.
- the position of the maximum point only needs to be located between the above minimum point and the edge, and for the same reason, at least 1% inside the distance (the radius in the case of a circle) between the edge and the center. Is desirable.
- the value, shape, and dimensions of the magnetic flux density to be magnetized are almost the same as in the first invention.
- the magnetic flux density at the minimum point is preferably in the range of 0.49T to 10.99T, and the magnetic flux density at the maximum point is preferably in the range of + 0.001T to + 0.99 ⁇ .
- the third invention of the present invention is a further development of the first and second inventions.
- the maximum point in the distribution of the magnetic flux density is ( ⁇ 1)
- This is a superconducting magnet characterized in that it has one and has ⁇ minimum points.
- (2N-1) inflection points further increases the stability in time, that is, with time.
- a superconducting magnet having a very constant magnetic flux density can be obtained.
- the inflection point closest to each of the edge and the center is inevitably a minimum point, but the position of the minimum point closest to the center is, as in the first invention, between the center and the edge. It is desirable that the distance between the edge and the central part (the radius in the case of a circle) be 1% or more inside the edge on the edge side from the middle point, and the position of the minimum point closest to the edge is the center. It is desirable that the distance between the edge and the center (the radius in the case of a circle) be 1% or more inside the edge on the edge side of the minimum point closest to the edge.
- the value, shape, and dimensions of the magnetic flux density to be magnetized are almost the same as in the first invention.
- a fourth invention according to the present invention is an improvement of the third invention, and is a superconducting magnet having N maximum points and N minimum points.
- N maximum points
- N minimum points For the same reason as in the first invention of the present invention, the presence of 2 N bending points makes the magnetic flux density very stable over time, that is, very constant over time.
- a superconducting magnet having the following characteristics can be obtained.
- the inflection point closest to the edge is the maximum point, and the inflection point closest to the center is the minimum, but if the sign of the magnetic flux density at the center is +, The sign of the maximum point closest to the edge is necessarily +, and the signs of the other minimum points and maximum points are either + or one. , Or 0.
- the local maximum point closest to the peripheral portion can prevent new magnetic flux from intruding from the outside as in the second invention.
- the position of the minimum point closest to the center is, as in the first invention, the distance between the periphery and the center (in the case of a circle) on the side of the periphery from the midpoint of the center and the periphery. It is desirable that the position of the outermost local maximum point be at least 1% of the innermost minimum point of the innermost minimum point and the distance between the peripheral edge and the central part (the radius in the case of a circle). It is desirable to be at least 1% inside of
- the value, shape, and dimensions of the magnetic flux density to be magnetized are almost the same as those of the first invention.
- An eighth invention according to the present invention is an application of the first invention to a seamless cylindrical body of the second type superconducting material. That is, in the eighth invention, the distribution of the magnetic flux density component parallel to the central axis in a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical body has a maximum value on the inner surface of the cylindrical body, and The superconducting magnet is characterized by being substantially zero on its outer surface and having at least one minimum point between the inner surface and the outer surface.
- Fig. 1 (b) shows an example of the magnetic flux density distribution. Due to the existence of the minimum point, a superconducting magnet which is very stable in time, that is, has a very constant magnetic flux density over time can be obtained as in the case of the first invention.
- the cylindrical body has a high uniformity of the magnetic flux density in the internal space of the cylinder (the part surrounded by the inner surface of the cylindrical wall), so a uniform magnetic field is applied to a space larger than the bulk or sheet body. It is suitable when it is desired to generate.
- a magnetic field parallel to the central axis is generated by a superconducting current flowing in a loop in the cylindrical wall perpendicular to the central axis.
- the cylindrical body be a seamless cylinder. However, this does not apply if the loop is in one direction and the cut is parallel to this loop.
- the position of the minimum point may be between the inner surface and the outer surface of the cylindrical body.
- the position of the minimum point approaches the inner surface, the magnetic flux density decreases, and as it approaches the outer surface, there is a risk that the flux creep phenomenon will start to appear even if the degree is small. Increase. Therefore, the position of the minimum point is more than 1% of the distance between the outer surface and the inner surface (the plate thickness of the cylinder) on the outer surface side from the midpoint of the inner surface and the outer surface of the cylindrical body. This is desirable.
- the value of the magnetic flux density to be magnetized is determined by the Jc characteristics inside the cylindrical body and the shape factor (various dimensions) of the material, where Jc is the magnitude of the magnetic flux density vector "B". B, because it fluctuates greatly depending on the direction ⁇ , it is difficult to specify clearly.
- the inner diameter is 45 mm
- the length is 45 mm
- the thickness is lmm (the total thickness of the NbTi layer is about 0.3 5 mm)
- the above magnetic flux density is 0.01 T ⁇ : IT, which has an inner diameter of 45 mm and a thickness of 5 mm (of which the total thickness of the NbTi layer is about 3.5 mm).
- the magnetic flux density is 0.05 T to 5 T.
- the magnetic flux density at the minimum point is 1 449 90.05 5.
- the cylindrical body is often a cylindrical body having a predetermined thickness, but may be a polygonal cylindrical body such as a triangle, a square, or a pentagon.
- the cylindrical body is processed using plastic working methods such as deep drawing, spinning, and pressing, which are typical practical and industrial manufacturing methods. However, even if it is too thin or too thick, machining becomes difficult, so its thickness is
- the diameter and length of the cylindrical body can be selected within the range that can be manufactured, but when the rolling method is used as the plastic working method, the size of the flat plate before rolling (diameter for a disk) is 5 m at the maximum. The maximum diameter is about 90%. Smaller diameters can be as large as 1 mm.
- the length is defined by an aspect ratio (length diameter) to the diameter, and is preferably about 0.01 to 100 times the diameter.
- a ninth invention according to the present invention is the superconducting magnet according to the eighth invention, characterized in that the superconducting magnet has one maximum point between the minimum point closest to the outer surface of the cylindrical body and the outer surface. It is.
- Figure 6 (b) shows an example of the magnetic flux density.
- the presence of the local maximum point and the local minimum point has the effect of preventing a new magnetic flux from entering from the outside world due to the bending point (local maximum point) force closest to the outer surface for the same reason as in the first invention.
- a superconducting magnet which is very stable in time, that is, has a very constant magnetic flux density over time, can be obtained.
- the position of the minimum point is determined by the distance (thickness of the cylinder) between the outer surface and the inner surface on the outer surface side from the middle point on the inner surface and the outer surface of the cylindrical body. It is desirable to be at least 1% inside.
- the maximum point may be located between the minimum point and the outer surface of the cylinder, but it is preferable that the maximum point be 1% or more inside the thickness of the cylinder for the same reason as described above.
- the value of the magnetic flux density to be magnetized, the shape and dimensions of the cylinder are almost the same as in the eighth invention.
- the magnetic flux density at the minimum point is preferably -0.49T to 10.99T, and the magnetic flux density at the maximum point is preferably + 0.001T to +0.99 0.
- the tenth invention of the present invention is a further development of the eighth and ninth inventions. That is, in the cylindrical body of the type 2 superconducting material, the magnetic flux density distribution inside the cylindrical wall has ( ⁇ 1) maximum points and ⁇ minimum points as shown in FIG. It is a superconducting magnet.
- Fig. 7 shows the case where the sign of the minimum point is-and the sign of the maximum point is +.
- the bending point closest to each of the outer surface and the inner surface of the cylindrical body is necessarily a minimum point, but the position of the minimum point closest to the inner surface is, as in the first invention.
- the distance is at least 1% inside the distance (thickness of the cylinder) between the outer surface and the inner surface, and the minimum point closest to the outer surface.
- the position should be at least 1% inside the thickness of the cylinder on the outer surface side of the minimum point closest to the inner surface.
- the value of the magnetic flux density to be magnetized, the shape and dimensions of the cylinder are almost the same as in the fifth invention.
- An eleventh invention of the present invention is a superconducting magnet, which is an improvement of the tenth invention, and has a feature of having N maximum points and N minimum points. For the same reason as in the first invention, the presence of 2 N bending points makes the superconductivity extremely stable over time, that is, a superconductivity having a very constant magnetic flux density over time. You can get a magnet.
- the bending point closest to the outer surface of the cylindrical body is a maximum point, and the bending point closest to the inner surface is a minimum point. If the sign of the magnetic flux density on the inner surface of the cylindrical body is +, the sign of the maximum point closest to the outer surface is necessarily +, and the other minimum and maximum points The sign of is either + or-, and may be 0.
- the position of the minimum point closest to the inner surface of the cylindrical body is the distance between the outer surface and the inner surface (the cylinder) It is desirable that the position of the outermost maximum point be at least 1% inside the thickness of the cylinder on the outer surface side of the innermost minimum point. Is desirable.
- the value of the magnetic flux density to be magnetized, the shape and dimensions of the cylinder are almost the same as those in the eighth invention.
- the fifth and twelve inventions of the present invention are superconducting magnets in which two or more bulk, sheet, or cylindrical bodies of the second superconducting material are laminated in the thickness direction.
- the bulk body or the sheet body is a superconducting magnet having a magnetic flux density distribution according to any of the first to fourth inventions
- the cylindrical body is a magnetic flux density according to any of the eighth to eleventh inventions It is a superconducting magnet with a distribution.
- this equation is applicable to a case where there is a sufficient thickness in the thickness direction, that is, a column having an infinite length in the thickness direction.
- N may be increased more than this, the amount of increase in the magnetizing magnetic flux density with respect to the increased number of N becomes smaller, and the efficiency becomes lower.
- B inmax ⁇ o JJ c (B) dt (integration area 0 to NT)
- the bulk body, the sheet body, or the cylindrical body is formed by alternately laminating the type 2 superconducting material layer and the normal conducting material layer, and joining the laminated interface by metal bonding.
- the bulk body or the sheet body is a superconducting magnet having a magnetic flux density distribution according to any one of the first to fourth inventions
- the cylindrical body is a superconducting magnet according to the eighth to eleventh embodiments.
- 4 is a superconducting magnet having a magnetic flux density distribution according to any of the inventions.
- the superconducting material is multi-layered as a cladding plate with a highly conductive normal conducting material such as copper and aluminum, and the entire interface is metallically bonded, so that the superconducting stability against heat is improved. It can be greatly improved.
- the thickness of the NbTi alloy layer is set to 1 to 100 ⁇ to reduce the number of layers. It is also preferable to increase the number of layers and alternately laminate them with copper layers or aluminum layers of 1 to 100 ⁇ to form a clad.
- the thickness and the number of layers of the NbTi alloy layer are Tsc and Nsc, respectively, and the thickness and the number of layers of the copper layer or aluminum layer are Tnc and Nnc, respectively.
- (Nnc ⁇ Tnc) / (Nsc ⁇ Tsc) is the value of the copper ratio, which indicates the stability of superconductivity.
- a range where this value is low is desirable when a high current density is required in an environment where superconductivity is stable.
- a range in which this value is high is desirable when the superconducting stability is poor but a low current density is acceptable.
- the seventh and fourteenth inventions according to the present invention are directed to a bulk, sheet, or cylindrical body in which a type 2 superconducting material layer and a normal conducting material layer are alternately laminated, and the lamination interface is a diffusion barrier.
- This is a superconducting magnet having a metal layer and a metal layer.
- This diffusion barrier layer is, for example, Nb in an NbTiZNb / Cu multilayer board. If UNA by receiving a thermal history during processing, T i is diffused into C u at the interface of N b T i and C u, brittle intermetallic compounds Do you Yo of T i 2 C u is generated, processed Performance is greatly reduced. In order to prevent this significant reduction in workability, Nb was sandwiched between NbTi and Cu laminated interfaces as a diffusion barrier.
- the high critical current density of NbTi is not reduced, and the deterioration of superconducting stability due to the decrease in the purity of Cu and the increase in resistance is prevented. it can.
- the material of the diffusion barrier high melting point Nb, Ta or the like is preferable.
- the thickness of the diffusion barrier should be longer than the diffusion distance of the atom to be prevented from diffusing (T i or Cu in the above case), but the thinner the better, as long as there is no problem with the material and manufacturing cost. Preferably, it is about 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the second type superconducting material N b T i based alloys, N b 3 S n, V 3 G a, Ri der either Chi sac oxide superconducting material, normal A superconducting magnet whose conductive material is at least one of copper, copper alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy.
- N b T i based alloy, N b 3 S n, V 3 G a is a high magnetic field in the order of a few T Has a Jc of over 100,000 A / cm 2 , which is sufficient to meet the needs of practical superconducting materials.
- the normal conducting material has high conductivity, and it is also selected from the viewpoint of superconducting material and workability after cladding.
- the second superconducting material is a Y_Ba—Ca—Cu—O-based oxide superconducting material or a Bi—Sr—Ca—Cu—O-based superconducting material.
- This is a superconducting magnet that is an oxide superconducting material.
- these superconducting materials have a Tc higher than 77 K, which is the boiling point of liquid nitrogen, they are required for the use of the present invention even in an environment where the superconducting material is used at a temperature higher than the use temperature of the superconducting material in the fifteenth invention. Current density can be secured.
- a seventeenth invention of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a superconducting magnet in which N bulk, sheet, or cylindrical bodies of the second superconducting material are stacked in the thickness direction.
- N or more bulk or sheet are stacked in the thickness direction. (180 / N) to reduce the anisotropy.
- the layers are stacked at different angles.
- the above-mentioned Jc anisotropy is often caused by the anisotropy of the microstructure of the second superconducting material.
- the critical current density has anisotropy in the direction parallel to and perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- the critical current density in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction is slightly higher than the critical current density in the direction parallel to the rolling direction.
- the rolling direction is aligned in the same direction and the layers are laminated in the thickness direction, the anisotropy of the critical current density is maintained as it is in the thickness direction. I will. In order to prevent this, it is preferable to stack the superconducting materials indicating the rolling direction while shifting the angle of the rolling direction.
- the reason why the anisotropy of the critical current density occurs in the cylindrical body is, for example,
- the rolling direction before deep drawing, and to stack the layers in the thickness direction while shifting the angle of the rolling direction.
- the layers are preferably concentric, but may be eccentric.
- the angle can be shifted by 90 degrees, four by 45 degrees, and six by 30 degrees, for a total of 1 angle. Just shift it by 80 degrees. In order to obtain a more isotropic magnetization magnetic flux density, it is preferable to reduce the shift angle.
- An eighteenth aspect of the present invention is a magnetization method according to the first to seventeenth aspects.
- Fig. 1 at least one of the bulk, sheet (circular in Fig. 1 (a)) or cylindrical (cylindrical in Fig. 1 (b)) type 2 superconducting materials is used.
- the superconductor is kept at a temperature higher than its critical temperature Tc, for example, at room temperature, and is kept in a normal conducting state.
- a magnetic field generator capable of controlling the magnetic field generated by an external power supply for example, a superconducting magnet composed of a coil wound with a superconducting wire (hereinafter referred to as a superconducting magnet), or a superconducting magnet placed near a normal conducting magnet.
- a magnetic field H exl [A / m] is applied to the body to penetrate the magnetic flux density ⁇ o H exl, and then cooled to bring the superconductor into a superconducting state, and the penetrating magnetic flux is captured by the superconductor.
- the applied magnetic field is demagnetized, and a magnetic field is applied up to-Hex2 (magnetic flux density is 1 / ioHex2, where Hexl> 0, Hex2> 0) in the opposite direction to the trapped magnetic flux, and the trapped magnetic flux density is reduced to BinO [ T], the applied magnetic field is returned to zero again to complete the magnetization.
- a magnetic field is applied up to-Hex2 (magnetic flux density is 1 / ioHex2, where Hexl> 0, Hex2> 0) in the opposite direction to the trapped magnetic flux, and the trapped magnetic flux density is reduced to BinO [ T], the applied magnetic field is returned to zero again to complete the magnetization.
- B inO has a radius of 21.5 mm and a thickness of 1 mm (the total thickness of the NbTi layer is about 0.35 mm ) In case of B inmax, 0.01 T ⁇ : IT, radius 21.5 mm, thickness 10 mm (the total thickness of the NbTi layer is about 3.5 mm), in the range of 0.05 T to 5 T.
- ⁇ oH exl should be higher than Binmax, and it is desirable that the value be higher by 5 to 30%.
- oHex2 should be smaller than ⁇ oHexl, but if it is too large within this small range, the magnetizing flux density B inO will be too small, and if it is too small within that small range, the magnetic flux creep will be small. The danger of the suppression effect becoming smaller increases. Therefore, 0.01 B inmax ⁇ oH ex2 ⁇ 0.5 B inmax force s desired level.
- B inO is 45 mm in inner diameter, 45 mm in length, and 1 mm in thickness in the case of NbTi multilayer cylinder (the total thickness of NbTi layer is about 0.35 mm) Place
- B inmax is 0.01 T to 1 T
- the inner diameter is 45 ⁇ and the thickness is 5 mm (the total thickness of the NbT i layer is about 3.5 mm).
- Binma X it is 0.05 T to 5 T.
- oHexl should be higher than Binmax, and it is desirable that oHexl exceeds 5 to 30%.
- ⁇ oHex2 may be smaller than ⁇ oHexl, but if it is too large within this small range, the magnetizing magnetic flux density B inO will be too small, and if it is too small within that small range, the magnetic flux clear will be small. There is an increased risk that the effect of reducing loops will be reduced. Therefore, 0.01 Binmax ⁇ oHex2 ⁇ 0-5 Binmax is desirable. In this case, Bin0 is 0.5 Binmax ⁇ BinO ⁇ 0.99 Binmax.
- Binmax is the maximum magnetic flux density that a superconducting bulk, sheet, or cylindrical body can capture at any temperature below the critical temperature Tc when the externally applied magnetic field is monotonically demagnetized to zero. As shown in Fig. 2 (a) and (b), it is equal to the maximum trapped magnetic flux density when there is no bending in the slope of the magnetic flux density.
- either one may be fixed and the other may be separated, or both may be moved to separate. It is also possible to install the magnetizing magnetic field generator as it is without separating it.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the externally applied magnetic field Hex and the superconductor internal magnetic flux density Bin during the magnetization process according to the magnetization method of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 shows the above relationship when H ex is increased until oHexl ⁇ B inmax.
- B inO B inmax— ⁇ oHex2 B inO B inmax— ⁇ oHex2
- the externally applied magnetic field is demagnetized to zero.
- the magnetic flux density that is approximately equal to the difference between the maximum magnetizable magnetic flux density B inmax at this time and ⁇ oHex2 demagnetized to the minus side is captured.
- (A 1) in Fig. 3 shows the process of raising the externally applied magnetic field to Hexl in the normal conduction state
- (a 2) shows the magnetic flux density ⁇ in the process of demagnetization after cooling to the superconducting state.
- oHexl shows the process where it is still trapped in the part mainly in the center
- (a 3) shows that in the above process, the demagnetization is further continued, the zero magnetic field is passed, and the applied magnetic field is regarded as the trapped magnetic flux.
- Evil 4 is a diagram showing the above relationship when ⁇ 0 H exl ⁇ B inmax- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 and excitation not exceeding o H exl ex inm ax- / z oHex2.
- the trapped magnetic flux density B inO is constant and does not change.
- (Bl) in Fig. 4 shows the process of increasing the externally applied magnetic field Hexl so as not to exceed the maximum trapped magnetic flux density Binmax in the normal conduction state, and (b2) shows zero after cooling to the superconducting state.
- Demagnetize to a magnetic field pass the zero magnetic field, change the applied magnetic field in the opposite direction to the trapped magnetic flux, and apply the magnetic field up to Hex2, but the magnetic flux density x oHexl (this is equal to B inO) still remains
- (B 3) shows the process where the applied magnetic field is returned to zero and the magnetization is completed, but the captured magnetic flux density B inO is constant and does not change during this period. .
- FIG. 5 shows the case where oH e xl is excited such that B inmax- ⁇ oH ex2 ⁇ o exl ⁇ B inmax and oH e xl exceeds the force s exceeding B inmax-o: H ex2 and exceeds B inmaxi.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between an externally applied magnetic flux density and an internal magnetic flux density. After being demagnetized to zero magnetic field, the magnetic flux density ⁇ oH exl still continuing to be captured partially starts to decrease while exciting in the opposite direction to the trapped magnetic flux, but from the applied magnetic field-Hex2 , B inO remains constant until it returns to zero again.
- (Cl) in Fig. 5 shows the process of increasing the externally applied magnetic field to H exl in the normal conduction state, and (c2) demagnetizes to the zero magnetic field after cooling to the superconducting state, and After passing the zero magnetic field and changing the applied magnetic field in the opposite direction to the trapped magnetic flux, the magnetic flux density oH exl before reaching _ H ex2 is still partially captured, indicating that (c 3) Furthermore, the process of applying a magnetic field in the opposite direction to the trapped magnetic flux up to Hex2 shows the process of reducing the trapped magnetic flux density oHexl to Bin0, and (c 4) returns to zero to complete the magnetization. This shows the process in which the captured magnetic flux density B inO is constant and does not change during this time.
- the magnetizing method of the present invention it is possible to cool the superconductor below the critical temperature and capture the magnetic flux after raising the externally applied magnetic field to H exl.
- a temperature control device such as a heater is not required.
- the magnetizing device is a superconducting magnet
- a heater is not required if the superconducting magnet and the cryostat of the superconducting magnet are separately stored.
- cryostat contains a superconducting magnet and a superconducting magnet
- the superconducting magnet If the superconducting magnet is stored along with the heater, it will be cooled at the same time if there is no heater. In this case, the superconducting magnet must be heated by a temperature control device such as a heater.
- the bending point of the magnetic flux density can be increased to two places at the foot of the trapped magnetic flux density distribution. Further, according to the magnetizing method of the present invention, a maximum point is formed on the outermost side, thereby preventing the invasion of magnetic flux from the outside, and further suppressing the magnetic flux cleaving. Can be. That is, according to the nineteenth aspect, the rate of decrease of the magnetic flux density further decreases as compared with the case of the eighteenth aspect. As shown in FIG.
- a magnetic flux density distribution as shown by a thick line in FIG. 7 can be formed on the surface of the bulk body or the sheet body and in the internal space of the cylindrical body.
- the bending point of the magnetic flux density can be increased to (2N_1) or 2N at the foot of the trapped magnetic flux density distribution. Therefore, the degree of suppression of magnetic flux creep can be further enhanced.
- the rate of decrease of the magnetic flux density is further reduced as compared with the eighteenth and nineteenth inventions.
- the innermost bending point is inevitably a minimum point
- the outermost bending point is (2N-1) Is the minimum point
- 2 N is the maximum point.
- a multilayer clad plate was prepared by the following manufacturing method using the type 2 superconducting material Nb—46.5 mass% alloy 1 and the stabilizer 4 Nine pure copper. 30 layers of NbTi of about 12 ⁇ and 29 layers of Cu of the same thickness are alternately laminated, and a Cu layer with a thickness of about 10 times is laminated on the outermost layer. Further, an Nb layer with a thickness of ⁇ was inserted as a diffusion barrier at the interface between these metal layers to form a multilayer clad plate having a thickness of 1 mm.
- the temperature was measured by attaching a cryogenic temperature sensor to the surface of the superconducting multilayer disc.
- a Hall element was placed at the center just above the surface.
- the superconducting multilayer disc is heated above the critical temperature by a heater in contact with the superconducting multilayer disc, and a magnetic field is applied by the superconducting magnet so that the applied magnetic flux density (hereinafter referred to as applied magnetic field) becomes 1 T.
- the heater was turned off, the temperature was set to 4.2 K, the superconducting magnet was brought into a superconducting state, and then the applied magnetic field was demagnetized.
- the trapped magnetic flux density did not change at 1 T, but when the applied magnetic field was demagnetized to 0.4 T, the trapped magnetic flux density also began to decrease, and the applied magnetic field became zero. At the time, it was 0.6 T (B inmax) just above the surface.
- the minimum point was around 18 mm, the distance from the center being about 5/6 of the disk radius.
- the magnetic flux density is-0.105 T
- the change over time of the trapped magnetic flux density due to magnetic flux creep was measured at the center immediately above the surface of the superconducting magnet from immediately after the magnetization was completed until 2100 seconds later.
- the trapped magnet to which the magnetizing method of the present invention is applied is used.
- the flux density was measured by NMR method (detection of magnetic field fluctuation by nuclear magnetic resonance method) because measurement accuracy was insufficient with a Hall element.
- magnetization was performed by the conventional method. In the same manner as above, after applying a magnetic field until 1 T, the applied magnetic field is demagnetized to zero, and when the magnetic flux density at the center reaches 0.6 T, the magnetization is completed. The magnetic flux measurement was started.
- Figure 8 shows the change over time in the trapped magnetic flux density of the superconducting magnet.
- the reduction rate of the trapped magnetic flux density after 2100 seconds, where the trapped magnetic flux density at the start of measurement is 100% is about 12% (see FIG.
- the magnetization method of the present invention it was possible to suppress it to about 3 ppm (see curve 6 in the figure).
- a circular plate sampled from the multilayer clad plate was subjected to deep drawing and spinning to produce a seamless cylinder having a thickness of l mm, an inner diameter of 43 mm, and a length of 45 mm. Magnetization experiments and magnetic flux creep measurement experiments were performed as in the case of the plate.
- the magnetized magnetic flux density and its magnetic flux creep were measured by a Hall element arranged at the center on the axis or measured by the NMR method, and replaced with the magnetic flux density on the inner surface of the cylinder.
- the position of the minimum point is determined by measuring the magnetic flux density distribution using Hall elements appropriately arranged inside and outside the cylinder, and measuring the Jc characteristics of the superconducting cylinder measured in advance (its magnetic flux density B dependence and B vector). (Including the angle dependence of the NbTi layer), simulate the current distribution in the superconducting material, and calculate the magnetic flux density distribution inside the superconducting cylinder. Was calculated.
- the Hall element is placed at the center of the axis in the radial direction of the cylinder, at 9 mm and 18 mm radially from the center (up to the inside of the cylinder), and at 25 mm (outside of the cylinder). Arrange in four places, and fix the Hall element support jig in the axial direction. The measurement was performed at a total of 20 points of 0 mm, 9 mm, 18 mm, 27 mm, and 36 mm from the central force.
- the trapped magnetic flux density (BinO) at the start of measurement was 0.6. Then, the reduction rate of the trapped magnetic flux density was about 14% after 180 seconds, when 0.6 T was set to 100%. On the other hand, in the magnetizing method of the present invention, it was reduced to BinCH 4 .4 T, and the reduction rate for this was suppressed to about 3 ppm.
- Example 1 One disk having a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 43 mm was sampled from the same multilayer clad plate as in Example 1, and the changes over time in temperature and trapped magnetic flux density were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The following magnetization was performed.
- the multilayer cladding plate After magnetizing the multilayer cladding plate to demagnetize the applied magnetic field in the same manner as in Example 1, the multilayer cladding plate passes through zero and, in the same direction as the trapped magnetic flux, +0.2 T (+ ⁇ oHex2 After applying the magnetic field up to), the applied magnetic field was returned to the opening again to complete the magnetization.
- the minimum point is near 14.5 mm where the distance from the center is about 2/3 of the radius of the disk, the magnetic flux density is 0.005 T, and the maximum point is from the center 1 8.1 in the vicinity mm, 0 magnetic flux density in thickness is 0. 0 9 5 T Therefore, the change over time of the trapped magnetic flux density due to the magnetic flux cleaving was measured from immediately after the completion of the magnetization until 2100 seconds later. According to this result, in the magnetization method of the present invention, the reduction rate of the trapped magnetic flux density after 210 seconds, where the trapped magnetic flux density at the start of measurement was 100%, was suppressed to about 2 ppm. can do.
- a circular plate sampled from the above multilayer clad plate was subjected to deep drawing and spinning to produce a seamless cylinder with a thickness of l mm, an inner diameter of 43 mm, and a length of 45 mm. Magnetization experiments and magnetic flux creep measurement experiments were performed as in the case of the plate.
- the magnetized magnetic flux density and its magnetic flux creep measurement were measured using a Hall element arranged at the center on the axis, and replaced with the magnetic flux density on the inner surface of the cylinder.
- the position of the minimum point inside the superconducting cylinder was calculated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the minimum point is around 0.68 mm from the inner surface of the cylinder to the outer surface of the cylinder
- the magnetic flux density is 0.07 T
- the maximum point is 0.06 T from the center.
- the magnetic flux density was 0.103 T at around 85 mm.
- Example 1 One disk having a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 43 mm was sampled from the same multilayer clad plate as in Example 1, and the changes over time in temperature and trapped magnetic flux density were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. While, the following magnetization was performed.
- Example 2 After the multilayer clad plate was magnetized in the same manner as in Example 1, furthermore, In the same direction as the trapped magnetic flux, apply a magnetic field up to +0.15 T (+ ⁇ oHex3), then demagnetize the applied magnetic flux density to zero again, A magnetic field was applied until 1 T (- ⁇ oHex4), and finally, the magnetization was completed by demagnetizing to zero.
- the minimum point closest to the center is at a distance of about 15.4 mm from the center
- the magnetic flux density is -0.026 T
- the next maximum point is 1
- the magnetic flux density is +0.002 T near 6.3 mm
- the minimum point closest to the periphery is 18.9 mm from the center
- the magnetic flux density is-0. 0 5 T.
- the change over time of the trapped magnetic flux density due to the magnetic flux cleaving was measured from immediately after the completion of the magnetization until 2100 seconds later. According to this result, in the magnetization method of the present invention, the reduction rate of the trapped magnetic flux density after 210 seconds, where the trapped magnetic flux density at the start of measurement was 100%, was suppressed to about 1 ppm. can do.
- a circular plate sampled from the multilayer clad plate was subjected to deep drawing and spinning to produce a seamless cylinder having a thickness of 1 mm , an inner diameter of 43 mm, and a length of 45 mm.
- a magnetization experiment was performed as in the case of the plate.
- the minimum point closest to the inner surface of the cylinder has a distance from the inner surface of the cylinder toward the outer surface of the cylinder of about 0.7 mm
- the magnetic flux density is ⁇ 0.025 T
- the maximum point is near 0.75 mm from the inner surface of the cylinder to the outer surface of the cylinder
- the magnetic flux density is -0.003 T
- the minimum point closest to the periphery is the cylinder
- the magnetic flux density was -0.053 T near 0.9 mm from the inner surface to the outer surface of the cylinder. According to this result, in the magnetization method of the present invention, the reduction rate of the trapped magnetic flux density after 180 seconds, when the trapped magnetic flux density at the start of measurement was 100%, was suppressed to about 1 ppm. I was able to.
- Binma X was 1.9 T.
- the magnetic flux density distribution in the radial direction is the same as the magnetic flux density distribution shown in Fig. 1 (a).
- the minimum point was located at a distance of about 19.2 mm from the center, and the magnetic flux density was 10''25T.
- the reduction rate of the magnetic flux density reduction due to the magnetic flux cleaving immediately after the completion of the magnetization was almost the same as that of the first embodiment. 6 T and 2.7 times improved.
- Example 2 From the same multilayer clad plate as in Example 1, a seam laser having a thickness of 1 mm, inner diameters of 43 mm, 41.5 mm, 40 mm and 38.5 mm, and a height force of S45 mm Four cylinders were fabricated, and four were concentrically laminated in the thickness direction. Magnetization was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 while measuring the changes over time in temperature and trapped magnetic flux density as in Example 1. Then, the values of Hexl and Hex2 were changed as follows.
- the magnetic flux density distribution in the thickness direction is the same as the magnetic flux density distribution shown in Fig. 1 (b).
- the minimum point is around 3.6 mm from the inner surface of the cylinder.
- the magnetic flux density was -0.30 T.
- the reduction rate of the magnetic flux density reduction due to the magnetic flux cleaving immediately after the completion of the magnetization was almost the same as that of the first embodiment, but the B inO was 1
- Example 2 In the same multilayer clad plate as in Example 1, the critical current densities Jc in two directions, a direction parallel to the rolling direction (hereinafter, L direction) and a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction) were evaluated. Jc was measured by a four-probe method by cutting out an elongated sample having a width of 0.5 mm and a length of 50 mm from the above plate.
- Jc was measured every 1 mm in the range of externally applied magnetic flux density of 1 T to 6 T. For each applied magnetic flux density, J c in C direction was larger than J c in L direction. About 20 to 25% larger.
- Example 1 The same magnetization experiment as in Example 1 was performed.
- the difference between the maximum and minimum magnetic flux densities was about 25% when only one sheet was used, but decreased to about 10% when four sheets were stacked at different angles as described above.
- a disk sampled from the same multilayer clad plate as in Example 1 was subjected to deep drawing and spying to give a thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 43 mm, and a diameter of 41.5 mm.
- Four seamless cylinders having a height of 40 mm, 38.5 mm and a height of 45 mm were obtained.
- Example 1 By marking the rolling direction (0 degree) of the end of this cylinder, and changing the angle by 90 degrees for each piece, four cylinders are laminated concentrically in the thickness direction, in the same manner as in Example 1. Magnetization experiments were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 while measuring the changes over time in temperature and trapped magnetic flux density.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value was about 20% when only one piece was used, and decreased to about 8% when four pieces were stacked at different angles. Also
- Example 1 An Nb—46.5 mass% Ti alloy was selected as the type 2 superconducting material, and a 43 mm diameter disk was cut out from a 0.36 mm thick plate by cold rolling. Then, while measuring the time-dependent changes of the temperature and the trapped magnetic flux density in the same manner as in Example 1 and fpj, the magnetization was attempted to be performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- N b T i alloy foil 3 0 sheets of thickness 1 2 ⁇ ⁇ , the same thickness of the copper plate 2 nine thick outermost layer are alternately laminated is 0. 1 2 mm 2 sheets copper plate of Similar magnetization experiments were performed on the laminated plates and clad by the CIP method.
- Example 1 While changing the type 2 superconducting material to Nb 3 Sn and V 3 G a, and replacing the normal conducting material to copper, the temperature and the change over time of the trapped magnetic flux density were measured as in Example 1. The magnetization was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the reduction rate of the trapped magnetic flux density was about 2 ppm, and almost the same results as in the case of the NbTi alloy were obtained. Furthermore, similar values were obtained when a similar magnetization experiment was performed with the normal conducting material changed to copper, copper alloy, aluminum, and aluminum alloy.
- H exl and H ex2 were changed as follows, and the processes of excitation / demagnetization and cooling were the same as in Example 1. Then, the change over time of the trapped magnetic flux density was measured.
- the reduction rate of the magnetic flux density reduction due to magnetic flux creep immediately after the completion of magnetization is as follows: the trapped magnetic flux density at the start of measurement is 100%, and the reduction rate of the trapped magnetic flux density after 210 seconds is the conventional method. In contrast, the magnetization was about 13%, whereas the magnetization method of the present invention was able to reduce the level to about 5 ppm.
- a sharp decrease in the trapped magnetic flux density over time due to the magnetic flux creep phenomenon is significantly suppressed, It is possible to provide a magnetizing method capable of forming a temporally constant magnetic flux density distribution and a superconducting magnet having a temporally constant magnetic flux density distribution.
- the magnetizing method and the superconducting magnet by the magnetizing method have great applicability, and greatly contribute to the development of industrial technology using superconducting development.
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US10/506,206 US20050083058A1 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-12 | Superconducting magnet, process for producing the same and its magnetizing method |
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Cited By (5)
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US9522836B2 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2016-12-20 | Corning Incorporated | Laminated and ion-exchanged strengthened glass laminates |
US9868664B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2018-01-16 | Corning Incorporated | Low CTE, ion-exchangeable glass compositions and glass articles comprising the same |
US11025565B2 (en) | 2015-06-07 | 2021-06-01 | Apple Inc. | Personalized prediction of responses for instant messaging |
US11123959B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2021-09-21 | Corning Incorporated | Glass article with determined stress profile and method of producing the same |
US11167528B2 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2021-11-09 | Corning Incorporated | Laminated glass article with determined stress profile and method for forming the same |
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JP4283406B2 (ja) * | 2000-01-27 | 2009-06-24 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 酸化物超伝導材料の着磁方法および着磁装置 |
JP4888683B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-13 | 2012-02-29 | アイシン精機株式会社 | スパッタリング装置およびスパッタガン |
EP2259082B1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2012-07-11 | Esaote S.p.A. | MRI apparatus comprising a superconducting permanent magnet |
US9302937B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2016-04-05 | Corning Incorporated | Damage-resistant glass articles and method |
US9007058B2 (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2015-04-14 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Dual-stage trapped-flux magnet cryostat for measurements at high magnetic fields |
JP6435927B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-04 | 2018-12-12 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 超電導バルク磁石及び超電導バルク磁石の着磁方法 |
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JPH08273921A (ja) * | 1995-04-03 | 1996-10-18 | Nippon Steel Corp | 超電導体の着磁方法 |
JPH08279411A (ja) * | 1995-04-10 | 1996-10-22 | Nippon Steel Corp | 筒型超電導マグネット及びその着磁方法 |
JPH1074622A (ja) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-17 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 超電導体の着磁方法及び超電導磁石装置 |
JP2000133849A (ja) * | 1998-10-27 | 2000-05-12 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 超電導体の着磁方法 |
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2002
- 2002-12-13 JP JP2002362228A patent/JP3872751B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-12-12 WO PCT/JP2003/015989 patent/WO2004055837A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-12 EP EP03778909A patent/EP1571678A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-12 US US10/506,206 patent/US20050083058A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JPH08273921A (ja) * | 1995-04-03 | 1996-10-18 | Nippon Steel Corp | 超電導体の着磁方法 |
JPH08279411A (ja) * | 1995-04-10 | 1996-10-22 | Nippon Steel Corp | 筒型超電導マグネット及びその着磁方法 |
JPH1074622A (ja) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-17 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 超電導体の着磁方法及び超電導磁石装置 |
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Cited By (8)
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US9522836B2 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2016-12-20 | Corning Incorporated | Laminated and ion-exchanged strengthened glass laminates |
US10196295B2 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2019-02-05 | Corning Incorporated | Laminated and ion-exchanged strengthened glass laminates |
US11059736B2 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2021-07-13 | Corning Incorporated | Laminated and ion-exchanged strengthened glass laminates |
US11780758B2 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2023-10-10 | Corning Incorporated | Laminated and ion-exchanged strengthened glass laminates |
US9868664B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2018-01-16 | Corning Incorporated | Low CTE, ion-exchangeable glass compositions and glass articles comprising the same |
US11123959B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2021-09-21 | Corning Incorporated | Glass article with determined stress profile and method of producing the same |
US11025565B2 (en) | 2015-06-07 | 2021-06-01 | Apple Inc. | Personalized prediction of responses for instant messaging |
US11167528B2 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2021-11-09 | Corning Incorporated | Laminated glass article with determined stress profile and method for forming the same |
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