WO2004030676A1 - ケロイド等の形成抑制外用剤 - Google Patents
ケロイド等の形成抑制外用剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004030676A1 WO2004030676A1 PCT/JP2003/010728 JP0310728W WO2004030676A1 WO 2004030676 A1 WO2004030676 A1 WO 2004030676A1 JP 0310728 W JP0310728 W JP 0310728W WO 2004030676 A1 WO2004030676 A1 WO 2004030676A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- acetylsalicylic acid
- external preparation
- acid
- formation
- active ingredient
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/60—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/612—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in position 2 esterified, e.g. salicylsulfuric acid
- A61K31/616—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in position 2 esterified, e.g. salicylsulfuric acid by carboxylic acids, e.g. acetylsalicylic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/04—Antipruritics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an external preparation having an inhibitory effect on keloid formation and / or hypertrophic scar formation and an analgesic / pruritic effect in the affected area.
- an excellent external preparation containing acetylsalicylic acid or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient having an inhibitory effect on keloid formation and Z or hypertrophic scar formation and an analgesic and antipruritic effect on the affected area. And a local treatment system using the same.
- chemotherapeutic drugs have been applied by applying steroids or injecting steroids into keloids.
- the former has no apparent effect, and the latter has a certain effect, but it requires repeated dozens of injections, causing a great deal of pain to the patient during the injection.
- the latter since it is difficult to inject a large amount of a steroid agent in one injection, there is a disadvantage that it cannot be applied to a large keloid.
- keloids formed during the treatment of wounds have significant effects as physical or mental sequelae and also have a significant effect on social activities after treatment.
- Keloids not only make their appearance ugly, but they are also greatly annoyed by the strong itching, pain, tingling, and dragging qualities inherent in keloids. Therefore, if the formation of keloids can be suppressed during the treatment of wounds and skin injuries, the quality of life of patients can be increased.
- acetylsalicylic acid is an antipyretic analgesic that has been used for a long time, has few side effects, and is a highly safe drug.
- Keloids are classified into burns, burns, burn ulcers, frostbite and other thermal disorders, lacerations, abrasions, cuts, stabs, bruises, bites, etc., burja disease, lymphedema, leg ulcers, etc.
- Vascular and lymphatic disorders, postoperative wounds such as cutaneous wounds, suture wounds, pressure ulcers, pressure ulcers, diabetic ulcers, skin wounds such as gangrene, stoma, radioactive disorders, chemical disorders, blisters, erosion, etc. It is caused by skin diseases with skin injuries, etc.
- keloids, scar keloids, and hypertrophic scars depending on the cause and symptoms. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an excellent topical application which has few side effects and has both an inhibitory effect on keloid formation and Z or hypertrophic scar formation and an analgesic and antipruritic effect on the affected area. To provide an agent.
- an external preparation containing acetylsalicylic acid or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient reduced side effects, and reduced keloid and Z Alternatively, they have found that they show a strong inhibitory effect on the formation of hypertrophic scars, and that they also show a good therapeutic effect on strong pain and itch peculiar to keloids.
- the present invention relates to an external preparation having both an inhibitory effect on formation of keloid and Z or hypertrophic scar and an analgesic and antipruritic effect, comprising acetylsalicylic acid or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- the present invention also relates to an external preparation for analgesic and antipruritic use in keloids and Z or hypertrophic scars, comprising acetylsalicylic acid or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- An object of the present invention is to administer an effective amount of a drug containing acetylsalicylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient to a patient, to suppress the formation of keloid and / or hypertrophic scar in the patient,
- the present invention also relates to a method for suppressing pain and pruritus in the affected area. Further, the present invention provides a method for administering an effective amount of a drug containing acetylsalicylic acid or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient to a site where keloid and Z or hypertrophic scar is formed in a patient.
- the present invention also relates to a method for controlling pain and pruritus.
- Acetylsalicylic acid used as an active ingredient in the external preparation of the present invention is listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and the content of acetylsalicylic acid in the external preparation differs depending on the dosage form. 0. 0 0 5-8 0% by weight obtained sufficient effect, preferably 0. 0 1-7 0% by weight, more preferably 0. 0 1-5 0 weight 0/0. If the content of acetylsalicylic acid is less than 0.05% by weight, the action of acetylsalicylic acid is not sufficiently exhibited, which is not preferable. If the acetylsalicylic acid content is 80% by weight or more, preparation of the preparation becomes difficult.
- the tissue concentration of acetylsalicylic acid which exerts a strong and inhibitory effect on the formation of keloids and ⁇ or hypertrophic scars, is from 0.001 to 1500 ⁇ g / g of tissue weight. Preferably 0.005 to: L0000 // g / g tissue weight, more preferably 0.01 to 800 ⁇ g / g tissue weight.
- the active ingredient contained in the external preparation of the present invention is not only acetylsalicylic acid, but also a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of acetylsalicylic acid with an amino acid such as a DL-lysine salt and an inorganic base such as a sodium salt. What formed the salt may be used.
- the external preparation of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the active ingredient can be directly administered to the local surface of the skin, and examples thereof include ointments, creams, gels, ointment patches, liquids (suspension, emulsion, Preparations such as lotions, poultices, tapes, external powders, and aerosols can be used.
- any compounding ingredients used in ordinary external preparations can be used.
- Creams ⁇ Gels-In the case of lotions, white vaseline, yellow vaseline, lanolin, salami beeswax, seta nole, stearinoreanore konore, stearic acid, hardened oil, gelled hydrocarbon, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, Liquid paraffin, base such as squalane, oleic acid, isopropyl myristate, glycerin triisooctanoate, crotamiton, getyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, hexyl laurate, fatty acid, fatty acid ester, fatty alcohol, plant Solvents and solubilizers such as natural oils, tocopherol derivatives, antioxidants such as L-ascorbic acid, dibutylhydroxytoluene and butylhydroxydisole, preservatives such as parahydroxybenzoate, glycerin, propyle Moisturizer
- Thickeners such as xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropinoresenolylose, hydroxypropinolemethinole cellulose, stabilizers, preservatives, absorption promoters, etc. or other suitable Various additives can be blended.
- tackifiers such as polyacrylic acid and polyacrylic acid copolymer
- cross-linking agents such as aluminum sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, anolemminium chloride, magnesium methacrylate aluminate, and dihydroxyaluminum acetate
- Thickeners such as sodium, polyvinylenoleanolone, polyvinylinolepyrrolidone, gelatin, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium salts of hydroxypropinoresenolerose, hydroxypropylmethylmethylcellulose, and glycerin
- Polyhydric alcohols such as polyethylene glycol (Macguchi Gal), propylene glycol and 1,3-butanediol, surfactants such as polyoxyethylene derivatives, Flavors such as tall, nose.
- An antiseptic such as lahydroxybenzoic acid ester, purified water and the like, or other suitable carotenoids can be added.
- adhesives such as styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer acrylic resin, tackifying resins such as alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin, rosin resin, terpene resin, liquid rubber, Softeners such as liquid paraffin; antioxidants such as dibutylhydroxytoluene; polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol; absorption promoters such as oleic acid; surfactants such as polyoxyethylene derivatives; or other
- a water-containing tape can be prepared by adding a water-containing polymer such as sodium polyacrylate or polyvinyl alcohol and a small amount of purified water.
- excipients such as valley starch, rice starch, corn starch, tanolek, dumbbell oxide or other suitable additives can be blended.
- Excipients such as starch, rice starch, corn starch, talc, zinc zinc oxide, liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied carbon dioxide, dimethyl ether, nitrogen, kerosene, kerosene, carbon dioxide, etc., propellants, buffers, flavoring agents, suspension Agents, emulsifiers, fragrances, preservatives, solubilizers or other suitable additives.
- the external preparation of the present invention is produced by a usual method for producing an external preparation, such as well kneading each component and a base as necessary, and is applied directly to an affected part or applied and impregnated on a cloth or the like. It is used by a normal use method such as application.
- Ointments are made from fats, fatty oils, lanolin, waxes, resins, plastics, glycols, higher alcohols, glycerin, water, emulsifiers, suspending agents or other suitable additives Strength, or based on these, add active ingredients and mix to equalize the quality.
- the base component is heated and melted and uniformly stirred, and if necessary, additives such as an absorption accelerator, an antioxidant, a preservative, a surfactant, and purified water are added, and further, fine powder of acetylsilicylic acid is added under stirring Can be added and mixed to form an ointment or cream.
- the raw material base is heated and melted, mixed, cooled halfway, and then the pharmaceuticals other than the base are liquid or finely powdered and mixed with a part of the base. Add the remaining base, stir and mix until uniform in quality.
- the solid base is dissolved in a water bath and then kept at about 75 ° C. Then, the water-soluble base is dissolved in water at the same temperature or slightly. Add the product heated to a high temperature and stir to make it uniform in quality. Add other drugs to this If necessary, mix the water-soluble or oil-soluble drug with a part of the base, mix the remaining base and stir until uniform quality is achieved, depending on the type of base.
- the drug is mixed in advance with a plaster base mainly composed of a water-soluble polymer having high water retention properties such as gelatin, carmellose sodium, methylcellulose, and sodium polyacrylate. It is spread on a support such as a nonwoven fabric, and the plaster surface is covered with a plastic film such as polyethylene or polypropylene, and cut into a desired size.
- a plaster base mainly composed of a water-soluble polymer having high water retention properties such as gelatin, carmellose sodium, methylcellulose, and sodium polyacrylate. It is spread on a support such as a nonwoven fabric, and the plaster surface is covered with a plastic film such as polyethylene or polypropylene, and cut into a desired size.
- an adhesive such as an acrylic resin or a tackifying resin such as an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon-based resin, a rosin-based resin, a tenorene-based resin, or a liquid rubber on a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer
- a softening agent such as liquid paraffin, an absorption enhancer, an antioxidant, etc. are added, dissolved in an organic solvent such as toluene, and mixed and stirred.
- the mixture is spread on a release paper, and in the case of the dissolution type, after spreading and drying, the mixture is mixed with a flexible support such as a polyurethane film, a polyethylene film, a polyvinyl chloride film, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or the like. Laminate and cut to desired size.
- Suspension lotions are made by micronizing the drug, making it easy to wet with water using glycerin or ethanol, and then gradually adding a suspending agent solution or lotion base to mix to make the whole product uniform.
- the emulsion lotion contains an oil-soluble drug and an oil phase in one container, and an aqueous phase in another container and heats each.
- acetylsalicylic acid and additives are uniformly dispersed in excipients such as valenic starch, rice starch, corn starch, talc, and zinc oxide.
- Aerosols are prepared by preparing pharmaceutical solutions, ointments, creams, gels, suspensions, emulsions, liquids, lotions, topical powders, etc. by the methods described above, etc., and liquefied gas in a closed container. Alternatively, it is filled together with compressed gas or the like.
- the dose of the external preparation for inhibiting the formation of keloid and / or hypertrophic scar of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the administration form, the age of the patient, the degree of the symptoms, the frequency of occurrence, the weight, and the like. .
- a tackifier resin, a softener, a solvent, an absorption promoter, an antioxidant, etc. are added to the pressure-sensitive adhesive, and the mixture is dissolved in an organic solvent such as toluene and mixed with stirring or heated and melted.
- Acetylsalicylic acid is added to the mixture, and the mixture is spread on release paper.
- the mixture is spread and dried, then laminated with a flexible support, cut into a desired size, and the tape is cut to a desired size. Obtained.
- Table 5 Formulation of tapes containing acetylsalicylic acid
- Comparative Example As a comparative example, as shown in Table 7 3 and c using 4 Comparative Example 3 4
- a cautery (15 concealed xl5 concealed, 100 ° C, 5 sec) was applied to the skin.
- a burn model was prepared, each drug was administered once after the burn was created, and the wound site 3 weeks later was visually and histologically evaluated.
- Wistar male rats (10 weeks old; n 6) remove hair from the back, apply cauterization (diameter 12 mm, 200 ° C, 5 sec) to the skin to create a burn model, and apply the drug once a day , 0.2 g / burn area, and the number required for healing was measured.
- Example 11 1-Acetylsalicylic acid 1.0 23.5
- Comparative Example 4 Bucladesin sodium 3.0 1.2 3 From the results in Table 12, the administration groups of Examples 16 and 9 containing acetylsalicylic acid were compared with Comparative Example 4 which is a commercially available wound treatment. The fact that there is no difference in tensile strength indicates that healing of the wound has not been delayed.
- An external preparation containing acetylsalicylic acid was administered to the affected area to 19 patients (total number) with keloid patients with pain or itch, and the degree of improvement in pain or itch was examined.
- the degree of improvement in pain or itch was evaluated in five stages: ⁇ : markedly effective, B: effective, C: somewhat effective, D: universal, E: exacerbated, and judged effective when judged to be slightly more effective The rate was determined.
- acetylsalicylic acid or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof is contained as an active ingredient to suppress the formation of keloids and / or hypertrophic scars, and further to suppress the formation of keloids and / or hypertrophy.
- An external preparation that is extremely useful as an analgesic and antipruritic for a scar site and a method for treating the same can be provided.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03799087A EP1547602A4 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-08-26 | TOPICAL PREPARATION FOR INHIBITING KELOID FORMATION |
NZ539158A NZ539158A (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-08-26 | External preparation for inhibiting keloid formation |
BR0314944-7A BR0314944A (pt) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-08-26 | Preparação externa para inibir a formação de quelóide |
US10/528,150 US20050239755A1 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-08-26 | External preparation for inhibiting keloid formation |
AU2003257700A AU2003257700B2 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-08-26 | External preparation for inhibiting keloid formation |
CA2499620A CA2499620C (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-08-26 | External preparation containing acetylsalicylic acid for inhibiting keloid formation |
ZA2005/02356A ZA200502356B (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2005-03-22 | External preparation for inhibiting keloid formation |
NO20052125A NO335116B1 (no) | 2002-09-30 | 2005-04-29 | Utvortes preparat som inneholder acetylsalisylsyre for inhibering av keloiddannelse og dets anvendelse for fremstilling av et utvortes medikament |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002285650A JP4868687B2 (ja) | 2002-09-30 | 2002-09-30 | ケロイド等の形成抑制外用剤 |
JP2002-285650 | 2002-09-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004030676A1 true WO2004030676A1 (ja) | 2004-04-15 |
Family
ID=32063562
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2003/010728 WO2004030676A1 (ja) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-08-26 | ケロイド等の形成抑制外用剤 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050239755A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1547602A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4868687B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101149985B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100364543C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003257700B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0314944A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2499620C (ja) |
NO (1) | NO335116B1 (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ539158A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004030676A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA200502356B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8101210B2 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2012-01-24 | Neochemir Inc. | Use of carbon dioxide supplying means for muscle strengthening and method of increasing cattle meat thereby |
US8877185B2 (en) | 2012-05-10 | 2014-11-04 | Stan S. Sastry | Managing and treating keloids |
FR2999936B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-01-16 | Urgo Lab | Utilisation d'acide acetylsalicylique pour la prevention et/ou le traitement des plaies du diabetique |
CN103432145A (zh) * | 2013-07-01 | 2013-12-11 | 宁夏医科大学 | 一种治疗瘢痕的外用西药组合物制剂及其应用 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57128328A (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1982-08-09 | Canon Inc | Motordriven device for camera |
JPS643123A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1989-01-06 | Green Cross Corp:The | Remedy for skin inflammation |
JPH08208487A (ja) * | 1995-02-01 | 1996-08-13 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 炎症性皮膚疾患治療用外用剤 |
JPH08268886A (ja) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-15 | Eisai Co Ltd | 血管新生抑制剤 |
US5916918A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1999-06-29 | Teikoku Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for treating a skin injury comprising topically applying acetylsalicylic acid |
WO2001047526A1 (fr) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-05 | Teikoku Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Medicaments a usage externe pour manifestations allergiques de la peau |
WO2001047525A1 (fr) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-05 | Teikoku Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Agent antipruritique a usage externe |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5610110A (en) * | 1979-07-06 | 1981-02-02 | Green Cross Corp:The | Acetyl salicylate salt preparation for injection |
FR2496459A1 (fr) * | 1980-12-19 | 1982-06-25 | Astier Laboratoires Docteur P | Composition pharmaceutique sous forme d'un gel contenant de l'acide acetylsalicylique |
US5487899A (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1996-01-30 | Jess Clarke & Sons, Inc. | Wound healing |
JP3979689B2 (ja) * | 1995-12-26 | 2007-09-19 | 帝國製薬株式会社 | アセチルサリチル酸含有皮膚損傷治療剤 |
JPH1112177A (ja) * | 1997-06-25 | 1999-01-19 | Teikoku Seiyaku Co Ltd | 安定なアスピリン含有外用製剤 |
ES2290120T3 (es) * | 2000-03-17 | 2008-02-16 | Avocet Polymer Technologies, Inc. | Procedimientos para mejorar la dimension y el aspecto de una herida. |
-
2002
- 2002-09-30 JP JP2002285650A patent/JP4868687B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-08-26 CN CNB03823386XA patent/CN100364543C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-26 WO PCT/JP2003/010728 patent/WO2004030676A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-08-26 KR KR1020057005345A patent/KR101149985B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-08-26 EP EP03799087A patent/EP1547602A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-08-26 US US10/528,150 patent/US20050239755A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-26 NZ NZ539158A patent/NZ539158A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-08-26 BR BR0314944-7A patent/BR0314944A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-08-26 CA CA2499620A patent/CA2499620C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-26 AU AU2003257700A patent/AU2003257700B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-03-22 ZA ZA2005/02356A patent/ZA200502356B/en unknown
- 2005-04-29 NO NO20052125A patent/NO335116B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57128328A (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1982-08-09 | Canon Inc | Motordriven device for camera |
JPS643123A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1989-01-06 | Green Cross Corp:The | Remedy for skin inflammation |
JPH08208487A (ja) * | 1995-02-01 | 1996-08-13 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 炎症性皮膚疾患治療用外用剤 |
JPH08268886A (ja) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-15 | Eisai Co Ltd | 血管新生抑制剤 |
US5916918A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1999-06-29 | Teikoku Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for treating a skin injury comprising topically applying acetylsalicylic acid |
WO2001047526A1 (fr) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-05 | Teikoku Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Medicaments a usage externe pour manifestations allergiques de la peau |
WO2001047525A1 (fr) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-05 | Teikoku Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Agent antipruritique a usage externe |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE CAPLUS [online] PETRI, J.B. ET AL: "LYSINE ACETYLSALICYLATE DECREASES PROLIFERATION AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX GENE EXPRESSION RATE IN KELOID FIBROBLASTS IN VITRO", XP002975846, accession no. STN Database accession no. 2002:430160 * |
See also references of EP1547602A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20052125D0 (no) | 2005-04-29 |
JP4868687B2 (ja) | 2012-02-01 |
JP2004123551A (ja) | 2004-04-22 |
CA2499620C (en) | 2011-02-15 |
BR0314944A (pt) | 2005-08-02 |
KR20050063771A (ko) | 2005-06-28 |
US20050239755A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
NO20052125L (no) | 2005-06-29 |
CN100364543C (zh) | 2008-01-30 |
CN1684692A (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
CA2499620A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
EP1547602A4 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
NZ539158A (en) | 2008-09-26 |
NO335116B1 (no) | 2014-09-15 |
ZA200502356B (en) | 2005-12-28 |
EP1547602A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
AU2003257700A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
AU2003257700B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
KR101149985B1 (ko) | 2012-06-01 |
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