WO2004023534A1 - アライメント方法、アライメント基板、アライメント基板の製造方法、露光方法、露光装置およびマスクの製造方法 - Google Patents
アライメント方法、アライメント基板、アライメント基板の製造方法、露光方法、露光装置およびマスクの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004023534A1 WO2004023534A1 PCT/JP2003/011016 JP0311016W WO2004023534A1 WO 2004023534 A1 WO2004023534 A1 WO 2004023534A1 JP 0311016 W JP0311016 W JP 0311016W WO 2004023534 A1 WO2004023534 A1 WO 2004023534A1
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- alignment
- thin film
- exposure
- alignment mark
- mask
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/20—Masks or mask blanks for imaging by charged particle beam [CPB] radiation, e.g. by electron beam; Preparation thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/22—Masks or mask blanks for imaging by radiation of 100nm or shorter wavelength, e.g. X-ray masks, extreme ultraviolet [EUV] masks; Preparation thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70283—Mask effects on the imaging process
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/7035—Proximity or contact printers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70383—Direct write, i.e. pattern is written directly without the use of a mask by one or multiple beams
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F9/00—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
- G03F9/70—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically for microlithography
- G03F9/7003—Alignment type or strategy, e.g. leveling, global alignment
- G03F9/7007—Alignment other than original with workpiece
- G03F9/7015—Reference, i.e. alignment of original or workpiece with respect to a reference not on the original or workpiece
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F9/00—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
- G03F9/70—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically for microlithography
- G03F9/7088—Alignment mark detection, e.g. TTR, TTL, off-axis detection, array detector, video detection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/304—Controlling tubes by information coming from the objects or from the beam, e.g. correction signals
- H01J37/3045—Object or beam position registration
Definitions
- Alignment method Alignment method, alignment substrate, method for manufacturing alignment substrate, exposure method, exposure apparatus, and method for manufacturing mask
- the present invention relates to an alignment method in lithography, an alignment substrate, a method for manufacturing an alignment substrate, an exposure method, an exposure apparatus, and a method for manufacturing a mask.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the membrane mask.
- the membrane mask 101 exposes an ultra-thin membrane 102 that transmits charged particle beams or X-rays, and an absorber 103 that reflects / scatters / absorbs charged particle beams or X-rays. They are arranged according to the desired circuit pattern shape.
- the beam 104 and the support frame 105 are formed by etching a silicon wafer, for example.
- FIG. 1B is a sectional view of the stencil mask.
- the stencil mask 106 has a thin membrane 107 for reflecting / scattering / absorbing charged particle beams or X-rays, and an opening 108 adapted to a circuit pattern shape to be exposed.
- a beam 104 and a support frame portion 105 are formed by, for example, etching silicon wafers.
- the membrane 107 is protected from etching by the etching stopper layer 109.
- a thin film membrane is used for each mask.
- pattern writing is interrupted periodically according to the drift amount of the electron beam, and the beam position is readjusted when the positioning error exceeds an allowable value.
- This beam position adjustment is performed based on the detection of electrons reflected by irradiating an electron beam onto, for example, a tungsten mark on the stage, and the detection result of the stage position at that time. In this electron beam position adjustment, the stage moves from the stage position used for exposure to the stage position used for detection, and there is an actual error due to the stress associated with the slip or other movement of the stage.
- Spatia 1-phase-locked electron beam lithography SPLEB
- MIT US Pat. No. 5,892,230
- Description and literature Spatial-phase-locked Electron-beam Lithography: Initial Test Results ", PP2342-5, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. Vol. 11, No. 6 Nov. Dec. 1993)).
- the diode junction functions as a detector for incident electrons, positioning information can be obtained with an electron beam for exposure, similar to the MIT method.
- the entire pattern is divided into small areas (subfields), and the entire pattern is transferred and exposed by irradiating each subfield with a charged particle beam and joining the subfield images on the substrate. Between the ludo
- the distortion generated when the reticle is D-diced into the exposure apparatus and the distortion caused by errors in the production of the reticle are detected and corrected.
- SPLEBL has a special positioning mark on the substrate, scans the entire surface of the substrate with an electron beam for exposure, detects the returned signal, and detects the positioning information simultaneously with the exposure. get. Therefore, high position accuracy can be obtained.
- the positioning marks are arranged on the pattern and non-pattern at a pitch of several meters.
- the second problem is that the exposure is slow because drawing is performed while reading the positioning information signal with all the positioning marks.
- the first problem of SPLEBL is solved because the positioning mark is not created on the substrate but placed under the map.
- the second and third issues remain.
- the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-31008 is effective in preventing the contamination of the mask due to dust generated in the pitching step for forming the position reference mark and the subsequent cleaning step.
- the position reference mark cannot be provided in the membrane, a plurality of position reference marks cannot be evenly arranged on the mask.
- an alignment method of the present invention is characterized in that an exposure line is transmitted from a first surface side of a thin film to a second surface side, and is disposed on the second surface side of the thin film and outside the thin film.
- the alignment substrate is an alignment mark formed on the second surface side of the thin film on which the exposure light is incident on the first surface such that the surface is opposed to the second surface of the thin film, and the alignment mark is formed on the surface. Enters through the thin film And having a plurality of said ⁇ Raime Ntoma one click for reflecting at a high reflectance than the surrounding surfaces of the exposure line.
- a method for manufacturing an alignment substrate includes a step of forming an etching stopper layer on a first substrate, and a step of forming a second substrate on the etching stopper layer. Forming a plurality of alignment marks on a part of the second substrate; performing etching on a surface layer of the second substrate using the alignment mark as a mask; Forming a step between the surface of the second substrate directly below the mark and the surface of the second substrate around the alignment mark; and forming a step on the alignment mark and around the alignment mark. Forming a resist on a part of the second substrate, and etching the second substrate using the resist as a mask until one layer of the etching stopper is exposed. When, characterized in that a step of removing the resist.
- an exposure method comprises the steps of: measuring a position coordinate of the alignment mark on an alignment substrate having a plurality of alignment marks on a surface; Disposing the alignment substrate on the second surface side of the applied thin film such that the second surface of the thin film and the surface face each other; Transmitting the exposure line from the first surface side to the second surface side of the thin film and reflecting the exposure line by the alignment mark; and exposing the exposure line reflected by the alignment mark to the first surface of the thin film.
- Detecting on the surface side detecting the position of the alignment mark; determining the position of drawing a mask pattern on the resist using the detected position of the alignment mark; Drawing the mask pattern by exposure to charged particle beam, ultra-short ultraviolet ray, X-ray, ultraviolet ray and / or radiation.
- an exposure apparatus includes a thin film holding means for holding a thin film having a resist applied on a first surface, and an alignment substrate having a plurality of alignment marks on the surface.
- An alignment substrate holding means for holding, on the second surface side of the thin film, the second surface of the thin film so as to face the surface, and irradiating an exposure line on the first surface, the resist and the thin film
- An alignment detection system that reflects the alignment mark through the alignment mark, detects the exposure line reflected by the alignment mark on the first surface side, and measures the position coordinates of the alignment mark. It is characterized by having a charged particle beam source for drawing a mask pattern on the resist, an ultra-short ultraviolet ray source, an X-ray source, an ultraviolet ray source and a radiation source.
- a method of manufacturing a mask according to the present invention includes a step of applying a resist on a first surface of a thin film and a step of forming an alignment substrate having a plurality of alignment marks formed on the surface. Disposing the second surface of the thin film on the second surface side of the thin film so that the second surface and the surface face each other; and exposing the exposure light from the first surface side to the second surface side of the thin film, Reflecting the exposure line on an alignment mark; detecting the exposure line reflected on the alignment mark on the first surface side of the thin film; and detecting a position of the alignment mark.
- the alignment substrate can also be used for other thin film alignments in which different mask patterns are drawn.
- the alignment can be performed with a charged particle beam, ultra-short ultraviolet ray, X-ray, ultraviolet ray and / or radiation used for exposure of a mask pattern.
- FIG. 1A is a sectional view of a membrane mask
- FIG. 1B is a sectional view of a stencil mask.
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a mask blank to be aligned by the alignment method of the present invention
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the alignment substrate of the present invention
- FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the mask blank of FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the alignment substrate of FIG. 2B is set.
- FIG. 3 is an example of a top view of the mask blank shown in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 4 is another example of a top view of the mask blank shown in FIG. 2A.
- 5A to 5C are cross-sectional views illustrating manufacturing steps of a method for manufacturing an alignment substrate according to the present invention.
- 6A to 6C are cross-sectional views illustrating manufacturing steps of a method for manufacturing an alignment substrate according to the present invention, and show steps subsequent to FIG. 5C.
- FIG. 7A to 7C are cross-sectional views showing the manufacturing steps of the method for manufacturing an alignment substrate of the present invention, and show the steps following FIG. 6C.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the alignment method of the present invention.
- 9A and 9B show masks to be aligned by the alignment method of the present invention. It is an example of the sectional view of a blank.
- FIG. 10A is another example of a cross-sectional view of a mask blank to be aligned by the alignment method of the present invention
- FIG. 10B is a view in which the mask blank of FIG. 10A and the alignment substrate of the present invention are set. It is sectional drawing which shows a state.
- FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing another example of the alignment method of the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view showing the mask blank 1 before exposing the mask pattern
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the alignment substrate 11 of the present embodiment
- FIG. 2C is a sectional view showing a state where the mask blanks 1 of FIG. 2A and the alignment substrate 11 of FIG. 2B are set.
- a resist 3 having sensitivity to an electron beam is applied on the membrane 2.
- the material of the membrane 2 is not limited, but in this embodiment, it is a single-crystal silicon membrane.
- a beam 4 and a support frame portion 5 are formed by etching a silicon wafer.
- FIG. 3 is an example of a plan view of the mask blank 1 shown in FIG. 2A.
- the beams 4 are arranged in a lattice shape, for example.
- An opening having a desired circuit pattern shape is formed in a portion where the beam 4 and the support frame 5 are not formed.
- the opening is formed using a resist pattern obtained by exposing and developing the resist 3 in FIG. 2A as a mask.
- FIG. 4 is another example of a plan view of the mask blank 1 of FIG. 2A.
- a stencil mask with a beam 4 as shown in Fig. 3 a circuit pattern (opening) cannot be placed on the beam 4 part. Therefore, the circuit pattern overlapping with the beam 4 needs to be placed on another stencil mask (complementary mask) in which the position of the beam 4 is different.
- the area inside the support frame 5 is divided into four areas by, for example, two straight lines a and b orthogonal to each other at the center. Are shifted.
- the circuit patterns formed in these four regions are transferred by being superimposed on the same location on the substrate by exposure.
- the circuit pattern of the part where the beam 4 is formed in one area can be arranged in another area in the mask, so that a plurality of complementary masks are manufactured and used. No need.
- the mask blanks 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 differ only in the arrangement of the beams 4, and have the same cross-sectional structure and manufacturing method.
- the size of the portion surrounded by the beam 4 may be set within a range in which the bending of the membrane 2 can be prevented, and can be appropriately changed according to the material and thickness of the membrane 2.
- the beams 4 are arranged in a grid on one surface of the silicon membrane 2, the length of one side of the square surrounded by the beams 4 is about 1 mm, and the width of the beams 4 is 100 to 20. It can be around 0.
- an etching stopper layer 6 made of, for example, a silicon oxide film is formed between the membrane 2 and the beam 4 or the support frame portion 5.
- the etching stopper layer 6 protects the membrane 2 from etching in the step of etching the silicon wafer to form the beam 4 and the support frame 5.
- the mask blank having the above-described structure can be manufactured using, for example, an SOI (silicon on insulator or semiconductor on insulator) substrate.
- SOI silicon on insulator or semiconductor on insulator
- a beam 4 and a supporting frame portion 5 are formed from the silicon wafer 8 of S 0 I, the buried oxide film of the S 0 I substrate is used as the etching stopper layer 6, and the silicon layer is used as the membrane 2.
- the alignment substrate 11 has an alignment mark 12 on the outermost surface.
- the alignment mark support portion 13 is formed on the substrate 14 via a coating stopper layer 15.
- the alignment mark support portion 13 below the alignment mark 12 has a shape in which the periphery of the alignment mark 12 is dug by etching.
- the surface of the portion where the alignment mark support portion 13 around the alignment mark 12 is dug is hereinafter referred to as a step portion 13a.
- the height a shown in FIG. 2B indicates the total height of the alignment mark support portion 13 and the alignment mark 12.
- the height a is set according to the structure of the mask blank 1 in FIG. 2A.
- the thickness of the 8-inch wafer is 725 m. Therefore, the distance b between the lower end of the beam 4 or the supporting frame portion 5 and the membrane 2 (see FIG. 2C) is obtained by adding 725 to the thickness of the etching stopper layer 6.
- the height a is desirably as close as possible to the distance b, which is smaller than the distance b.
- the thickness of the membrane 2 varies depending on the material of the membrane 2, the energy of the charged particle beam used for exposure, and the like.
- the membrane 2 may be damaged. Therefore, it is important to adjust the position of the mask blanks and the alignment substrate in the height direction.
- the alignment mark support portion of the alignment substrate 11 is provided. 13 can also be formed using a silicon wafer.
- the height a is 7 25; m is the sum of the thickness of the alignment mark 12 and m.
- the distance c from the tip of the alignment mark 12 to the step 13a of the alignment mark support 13 depends on the acceleration voltage of an electron beam exposure apparatus (mask exposure machine) used for mask exposure.
- an electron beam exposure apparatus mask exposure machine
- the distance c be about 10 or more.
- the alignment mark support portion 13 By digging the alignment mark support portion 13 other than the alignment mark 12, the alignment mark support portion 13 can be compared with an alignment mark 12 made of, for example, tungsten.
- the reflection intensity for the electron beam can be significantly reduced. That is, the alignment mark 12 can be detected with high contrast, and the ratio of the mark signal is improved.
- the material of the alignment mark support portion 13 is desirably a material having a low atomic weight.
- the alignment mark support portion 13 is formed by performing etching on the silicon wafer from the viewpoint of easy processing and prevention of contamination (contamination) of the mask blank 1.
- the position and density at which the alignment marks 12 are formed are not particularly limited.
- the portion surrounded by the beam 4 is a square of about 1 mm square (see FIGS. 3 and 4)
- the alignment mark 12 is arranged on the alignment substrate 11 rather than on the membrane 2 of the mask blank 1, the alignment mark 12 is formed on the pattern under certain conditions described later.
- the mark density is lower than that of SPLEBL, the alignment mark 12 can be selectively arranged on the non-pattern. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in latent image contrast due to reading of positional information over the entire register, as seen in SPLEBL in which marks are densely arranged on a pattern and a non-pattern.
- the thickness of the alignment mark 12 depends on a charged particle beam (electron beam) for the alignment optical alignment (hereinafter, these are collectively referred to as an alignment exposure line).
- an alignment exposure line When the high-acceleration electron beam used for the alignment is used for alignment, it is desirable to be about 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the alignment mark 12 is too small, the reflection intensity of the exposure line for alignment is weakened, and the alignment accuracy is reduced. If the thickness of the alignment mark is too large, it becomes difficult to etch the alignment mark forming layer 22 described later with reference to FIG. 5A.
- the processing of the alignment mark holding portion 13 is performed in two stages. Thereby, the step portion 13a of the alignment mark support portion is formed at a desired height.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing a substrate for producing the alignment substrate 11 shown in FIG.
- a silicon oxide film is formed as a first etching layer 15 on a first silicon wafer as a substrate 14.
- a second silicon wafer 21 is formed on the silicon oxide film 15, and an alignment mark forming layer 22, for example, a tungsten layer is formed on the second silicon wafer 21.
- the substrate (the first silicon substrate) 14 is designed so that the entire substrate shown in Fig. 5A does not bend. Then, the thickness is set to support the entire substrate.
- the substrate 14 standardized wafers used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices and the like can be used. Specifically, in the case of a silicon wafer having a diameter of 4 inches (200 mm), 5 25 ⁇ m The thickness is 725 m for an 8-inch wafer.
- a quartz substrate or the like may be used as the substrate 14.
- a metal such as tantalum, platinum, gold, and iridium can be used in addition to tungsten.
- a silicon nitride film or the like may be formed as the etching stopper layer 15. It is desirable that the etching stopper layer 15 has a thickness that does not disappear in the etching step of the second silicon wafer 21 described later, that is, about 1 m or more. The thickness of the second silicon wafer 21 is determined based on the height of the beam and the support film portion (see FIG. 2) of the stencil mask.
- a register 23 is formed on the alignment mark forming layer 22 in a pattern of the alignment mark 12 (see FIG. 2).
- the resist is applied to the entire surface, and then exposed to an electron beam or ultraviolet light and developed.
- the alignment mark forming layer 22 is etched using the resist 23 as a mask to form an alignment mark 12 made of tungsten.
- the surface of the second silicon wafer 21 is etched to a predetermined depth. A part of the surface obtained by this etching becomes a stepped portion 13a of the alignment mark support portion (see FIG. 2). Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 6B, the resist 23 is removed and the substrate is washed.
- a resist 24 is applied to the entire surface of the second silicon wafer 21 in order to process the remaining part.
- the positive type is used as the register 24. It is desirable to use a registry.
- etching is performed on the second silicon wafer 21 using the resist 24 as a mask until the etching stopper—layer 15 is exposed, thereby forming an alignment mark support portion 13. I do.
- etching amount by, for example, the etching time without using a single etching stopper, and to end the etching at the stage where the etching for the thickness of the second silicon wafer 21 has been performed.
- stopper layer 15 By using the stopper layer 15, the flatness of the etching surface can be improved.
- the mask blank can be set stably if the surface flatness is poor. The position accuracy in mask exposure is reduced. In order to prevent this, it is desirable to provide an etching stopper layer 15 under the second silicon wafer 21.
- the step of etching the second silicon wafer 21 halfway to form the stepped portion 13a (see FIG. 6A)
- exposure for alignment reflected at the stepped portion 13a is performed.
- the line indicates the mask pattern transfer register (mask blanks register). It is only necessary to obtain an etching depth that does not enter the dist. Therefore,
- the position of the alignment mark 12 is measured with high accuracy before being used for mask exposure.
- the measured position coordinates of the alignment mark 12 are input to the mask exposure machine.
- the position coordinates measured in advance and input as described above are compared with the alignment mark detection result of the mask exposure machine, and the mask exposure is performed so that the pattern to be transferred is not distorted. . If the mask exposure is performed with the alignment performed so that the position coordinates previously input to the mask exposure machine and the alignment mark detection result of the mask exposure machine match, a pattern without distortion can be transferred.
- the position of the pattern actually exposed on the mask blank 1 was measured and the position accuracy was insufficient, or a stencil mask obtained by etching the membrane after mask exposure If the pattern position is misaligned when the exposure is performed on the substrate using the above, correction may be made to the above-mentioned alignment.
- the exposure line for alignment does not expose the resist 3 is as follows.
- the mask exposure is performed by an electron beam having an acceleration voltage of 50 kV, and a laser beam having a wavelength of 780 nm is used as an exposure line for alignment.
- FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view when alignment is performed in such a case. As shown in FIG. 8, the exposure line 16 A for alignment passes through the membrane 2 and the resist 3 thereon, and is incident on the alignment mark 12.
- the alignment accuracy required at this time depends on the alignment margin (magazine) between the membrane 2 and the mask pattern drawn on the resist 3.
- a mask-side alignment mark that can be detected by an alignment exposure line is provided on the membrane 2 of the mask blank 1 according to a conventionally known method. deep.
- FIG. 9A shows an example in which a mask-side alignment mark 7 is formed in a portion near the beam 4 where no pattern (opening in the case of a stencil mask) is formed.
- the mask side alignment mark 7 is formed by etching the surface of the membrane 2 in addition to the opening formed by etching the thickness of the membrane 2 as shown in FIG. 9A.
- a recessed portion can also be used.
- a part of the membrane 2 on the beam 4 can be removed by etching to form a mask-side alignment mark 7.
- the mask-side alignment mark 7 may have any transmittance that is different from that of the peripheral area and that of the alignment exposure line, and does not hinder the alignment exposure line incident on the alignment mark of the alignment substrate.
- the position of the alignment mark 12 on the alignment substrate 11 is detected by the alignment exposure line 16 A passing through the mask blank 1.
- the exposure line 17A for the alignment reflected by the alignment mark 12 is detected by the photodetector 18A.
- the mask blanks 1 are used by using the measured positions of the mask-side alignment marks and the positions of the alignment marks 12. And alignment substrate 11 are aligned. Thereafter, the mask exposure is performed by referring to the position coordinates of the alignment mark 12 input in advance to the mask exposure machine. After exposure of the mask, the resist is developed, and etching is performed on the membrane 2 using the resist as a mask, whereby a lithography mask is obtained.
- the position of the beam 4 detected by the alignment exposure line penetrating through the membrane 2 can be obtained even if no mask-side alignment mark is provided.
- the mask blanks 1 and the alignment substrate 11 can be aligned based on the positions of the alignment marks 12.
- FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view of a mask blank having a protective film.
- the protective film 8 protects the membrane 2 even if the resist 3 is removed. Is done.
- a silicon oxide film is formed on the entire surface of the membrane 2 by, for example, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and then the silicon oxide film is left only on the alignment mark. Remove with an etching.
- the material of the protective film 8 may be silicon oxide as long as the material is not etched in the step of attaching the silicon membrane to the silicon film, and is transparent to the alignment exposure line when the protective film 8 is formed as a thin film. Other than these can also be used.
- the protective film 8 instead of forming the protective film 8 by the method described above, the protective film 8 can be formed by using a focused ion beam (FIB).
- FIB focused ion beam
- a Gion beam is applied to a position above the alignment mark 12 while blowing an organic gas onto the surface of the membrane 2. Since the gas is decomposed by the energy of the ion beam and a carbon film is deposited, the protective film 8 is locally formed. This carbon film is sufficiently resistant to cleaning performed after the removal of the resist 3. Therefore, if a carbon film is formed with a thickness that allows the exposure light for alignment to transmit, it can be used as the protective film 8.
- FIG. 11 shows the alignment between the mask blank and the alignment substrate 11 having the protective film 8. A cross-sectional view when performing the alignment is shown.
- a high acceleration electron beam used for mask exposure can be used for alignment. As shown in FIG.
- the high-acceleration electron beam 16 B for the alignment passes through the membrane 2 and the register 3 thereon, and enters the alignment mark 12.
- Alignment The electron beam 17 B reflected by the mark 12 is detected by the electron beam detector 18 B, and the Measure the position of the limit mark 12.
- the alignment method shown in Fig. 11 is particularly suitable for alignment at the time of mask exposure for producing a stencil mask for LEEPL (Low Energy Electron Proximity Projection Lithography), a type of electron beam transfer lithography. It is suitable.
- LEEPL Low Energy Electron Proximity Projection Lithography
- L E EPL an electron beam having an acceleration voltage of, for example, 2 kV is used, and a mask pattern is projected onto a wafer at an equal magnification. Therefore, it is necessary to form an opening in the membrane with a finer pattern than a mask used for lithography in a reduction projection system. When the membrane is thick, the aspect ratio of the opening becomes high, and fine processing becomes difficult. Therefore, an extremely thin membrane is used for the LEEPL mask.
- a high-acceleration electron beam with an acceleration voltage of, for example, 500 to 100 kV transmits through a membrane with a thickness of about 100 nm, whereas a low-acceleration electron beam used in LEEPL has The mask pattern is transferred because it is blocked by a membrane with a thickness of about 0 nm, and only the opening is selectively passed.
- the electron beam for mask exposure passes through the membrane and is reflected by the alignment mark on the alignment substrate. It can also be used for alignment.
- the alignment substrate where the position of the alignment mark 12 is measured in advance outside the mask exposure machine and the mask blanks are set in the mask exposure machine, and the alignment as described above is performed. Do. After that, the pattern is transferred to the resist by mask exposure.
- the aligned mask blank and the alignment substrate are pressed using, for example, a pressing clamp and an electrostatic chuck. And fix it.
- the mask blanks and the alignment substrate stage for measuring the position of the alignment mark with high accuracy, and the mask in the mask exposure machine It is desirable that the stages of the blanks and the alignment substrate adopt the same mechanism. For example, when the mask blanks and the alignment substrate are fixed by the pressing clamp, it is desirable that the holding mechanism of the pressing clamp be the same between the coordinate measuring machine and the mask exposure machine.
- the alignment is performed using the alignment mark disposed immediately below the membrane.
- Various alignment detection systems can be applied.
- both light and charged particle beams can be used for alignment unless blocked by the membrane and the upper layer resist.
- the exposure beam for the alignment may be a charged particle beam, an ultra-short ultraviolet ray, an X-ray, an ultraviolet ray, a radiation, or a visible light.
- the alignment mark is placed on the lower layer of the mask blank.
- An alignment mark is provided on the alignment board to be arranged. Therefore, it is not always necessary to form an alignment mark on each mask blank. This can reduce the number of mask manufacturing steps and manufacturing costs.
- pattern misalignment may occur between wirings of a multilayer wiring of a semiconductor device or between patterns (complementary divided patterns) formed on a complementary mask.
- the alignment method of the present embodiment different mask patterns are used. Since a common alignment substrate is used for the alignment of the mask blanks on which the pattern is drawn, there is no variation in the alignment mark position, and the alignment accuracy between masks can be improved.
- Embodiments of the alignment method, the alignment substrate, the alignment substrate manufacturing method, the exposure method, the exposure apparatus, and the mask manufacturing method of the present invention are not limited to the above description.
- laser light or electron beam is used as an alignment
- charged particle beam, ultra-short ultraviolet ray, X-ray, ultraviolet ray, radiation, and X-ray or white light having a broad wavelength range are used.
- visible light can be used for alignment.
- alignment can be performed with high precision without providing an alignment mark on a mask, and the throughput of exposure due to alignment is reduced, and the contrast of a latent image is reduced. Can be prevented.
- an alignment substrate of the present invention it is possible to improve the accuracy of pattern overlapping or joining between masks on which different mask patterns are formed. According to the method for manufacturing an alignment substrate of the present invention, an alignment substrate capable of detecting an alignment mark with high contrast can be manufactured.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the exposure method and exposure apparatus of this invention, in drawing a mask pattern, it is possible to perform high-accuracy alignment without providing an alignment mark on a mask, and to reduce exposure throughput due to alignment. Also, it is possible to prevent a decrease in latent image contrast. -According to the mask manufacturing method of the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a lithographic mask having high positional accuracy of a mask pattern. Industrial applicability
- the present invention is applicable to an exposure process such as an electron beam exposure used for manufacturing a semiconductor device or the like.
- the present invention can be used for an alignment method for aligning a mask, an alignment substrate and a method for manufacturing the same, an exposure method used for manufacturing a semiconductor device and the like, an exposure apparatus, and a method for manufacturing a mask.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Electron Beam Exposure (AREA)
- Preparing Plates And Mask In Photomechanical Process (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/526,359 US20060108541A1 (en) | 2002-09-02 | 2003-08-29 | Alignment method, alignment substrate, production method for alignment substrate, exposure method, exposure system and mask producing method |
EP03794131A EP1548806A1 (en) | 2002-09-02 | 2003-08-29 | Alignment method, alignment substrate, production method for alignment substrate, exposure method, exposure system and mask producing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2002256369A JP4023262B2 (ja) | 2002-09-02 | 2002-09-02 | アライメント方法、露光方法、露光装置およびマスクの製造方法 |
JP2002-256369 | 2002-09-02 |
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WO2004023534A1 true WO2004023534A1 (ja) | 2004-03-18 |
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PCT/JP2003/011016 WO2004023534A1 (ja) | 2002-09-02 | 2003-08-29 | アライメント方法、アライメント基板、アライメント基板の製造方法、露光方法、露光装置およびマスクの製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US20060108541A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1548806A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4023262B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20050057000A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI229895B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004023534A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
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JP2005116731A (ja) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-04-28 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | 電子ビーム描画装置及び電子ビーム描画方法 |
JP4710308B2 (ja) * | 2004-10-29 | 2011-06-29 | 株式会社ニコン | レチクル搬送装置、露光装置、及びレチクルの搬送方法 |
US8432548B2 (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2013-04-30 | Molecular Imprints, Inc. | Alignment for edge field nano-imprinting |
KR101116321B1 (ko) * | 2009-08-21 | 2012-03-09 | 에이피시스템 주식회사 | 기판 정렬 방법 |
KR101332775B1 (ko) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-11-25 | 에스티에스반도체통신 주식회사 | 엑스레이 검사를 이용한 웨이퍼 정렬 방법 |
JP2013135194A (ja) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-08 | Canon Inc | 描画装置及び物品の製造方法 |
CN110880468A (zh) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-03-13 | 深圳市矽电半导体设备有限公司 | 一种芯粒对准分选膜的方法及芯粒分选方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0198226A (ja) * | 1987-10-12 | 1989-04-17 | Fujitsu Ltd | X線露光用マスク |
US5703373A (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-12-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Alignment fiducial for improving patterning placement accuracy in e-beam masks for x-ray lithography |
US5892230A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-04-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Scintillating fiducial patterns |
-
2002
- 2002-09-02 JP JP2002256369A patent/JP4023262B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-08-29 KR KR1020057003359A patent/KR20050057000A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-08-29 EP EP03794131A patent/EP1548806A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-08-29 TW TW092123950A patent/TWI229895B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-08-29 US US10/526,359 patent/US20060108541A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-29 WO PCT/JP2003/011016 patent/WO2004023534A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0198226A (ja) * | 1987-10-12 | 1989-04-17 | Fujitsu Ltd | X線露光用マスク |
US5703373A (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-12-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Alignment fiducial for improving patterning placement accuracy in e-beam masks for x-ray lithography |
US5892230A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-04-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Scintillating fiducial patterns |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20050057000A (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
JP4023262B2 (ja) | 2007-12-19 |
TW200419647A (en) | 2004-10-01 |
US20060108541A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
TWI229895B (en) | 2005-03-21 |
EP1548806A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
JP2004095925A (ja) | 2004-03-25 |
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