WO2004012293A1 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004012293A1 WO2004012293A1 PCT/JP2003/009480 JP0309480W WO2004012293A1 WO 2004012293 A1 WO2004012293 A1 WO 2004012293A1 JP 0309480 W JP0309480 W JP 0309480W WO 2004012293 A1 WO2004012293 A1 WO 2004012293A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- enzyme
- fuel cell
- dehydrogenase
- coenzyme
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell utilizing biometabolism.
- a fuel cell basically has a fuel electrode, an oxidizer electrode (air electrode), and an electrolyte, and its operating principle is based on the reverse operation of water electrolysis. That is, the fuel cell generates water (H 20 ) and extracts electricity by being supplied with hydrogen and oxygen, that is, generates electricity. More specifically, the fuel (hydrogen) supplied to the fuel electrode is oxidized and separated into electrons and protons (H +). The H + moves to the air electrode via the electrolyte, and the air electrode generating a H 2 0 by reacting with oxygen supplied to.
- Fuel cells function as high-efficiency power generators that directly convert the energy of fuel into electric energy, and use the energy of fossil energy, such as natural gas, oil, and coal, regardless of where and when it is used. Moreover, it can be extracted as electric energy with high conversion efficiency.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell has the advantage of exhibiting a low operating temperature range as described above, there are still many problems to be solved. Specifically, catalyst poisoning by CO when methanol is used and operated at around room temperature, the need for a catalyst using expensive precious metals such as Pt, and energy loss due to crossover It is difficult to handle hydrogen generation and fuel when using hydrogen.
- Bio metabolism includes respiration and photosynthesis performed in microorganisms and cells. Biological metabolism has the features of extremely high power generation efficiency and the fact that the reaction proceeds under mild conditions at about room temperature.
- respiration takes nutrients such as sugars, fats, and proteins into microorganisms or cells, and converts these chemical energies into glycolytic systems having a number of enzyme reaction steps and tricarboxylic acids (hereinafter referred to as TCA). )
- TCA tricarboxylic acids
- NAD + nicotinamide adenine d inuc 1 eotide
- NADH dinucleotide
- NADP + nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NADPH nicotinamide adodenine dinucleotide acid
- Techniques for utilizing biometabolism in a fuel cell as described above include extracting the electrical energy generated in the microbes through the electronic media outside the microbes, and passing the electrons to the electrodes to obtain a current. (See, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-133927).
- microorganisms and cells have many unnecessary functions in addition to the above-mentioned reaction, such as conversion of chemical energy into electric energy, so that electric energy is used in reactions that are not desired in the above-described method. It is consumed and does not exhibit sufficient energy conversion efficiency.
- the fuel cell having such a configuration has a problem that the reaction speed of the enzyme is slow, and the actually obtained current density is extremely small.
- the present invention has been proposed to solve such a conventional problem, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell capable of realizing a large current density while utilizing biological metabolism. It is the purpose. Disclosure of the invention
- a fuel cell according to the present invention is a fuel cell that decomposes fuel by a stepwise reaction by a plurality of enzymes and transfers electrons generated by an oxidation reaction to an electrode.
- the enzymatic activity of each enzyme is set stepwise so that the enzymatic activity of the enzyme group that performs the subsequent decomposition reaction is equal to or higher than the enzyme activity of the enzyme 1 that performs the preceding decomposition reaction. Fuel decomposes quickly.
- the enzyme 1 is an oxidase
- the decomposition reaction by the enzyme 1 is an oxidation reaction
- the fuel cell transfers electrons to the coenzyme by the oxidation reaction.
- it has a coenzyme oxidase that produces an oxidized form of the coenzyme
- the enzyme activity of the coenzyme oxidase is defined as U (C o).
- U (E) is the sum of the enzyme activities of a group of enzymes involved in, and U (C o) ⁇ U (E).
- the coenzyme oxidase that oxidizes the reduced form of the coenzyme is insufficient for the production rate of the coenzyme oxidase, the The enzymatic reaction is rate-limiting.
- the enzymatic activity U (Co) of a coenzyme oxidase that oxidizes a coenzyme is converted into the total enzyme activity U ( E)
- the enzyme reaction of the coenzyme oxidase does not become rate-limiting, and the reduced form of the coenzyme is oxidized quickly, The child is passed to the electrode via an electronic mediator.
- a fuel cell using methanol as a fuel has, for example, a fuel electrode, an air electrode, and a fuel cell interposed between the fuel electrode and the air electrode.
- the enzymatic activities of the alcohol dehydrogenase, the formaldehyde dehydrogenase, the formate dehydrogenase, and the diaphorase were determined by U (ADH), U (Fa1DH), U (Fate DH) and U (DI).
- U (ADH) which corresponds to the enzyme activity U (E 1) of enzyme 1
- U (E 2) U (F a 1 DH) + U (Fate DH)
- U (Fa 1 DH) which is equivalent to the enzyme activity U (E 1) of the enzyme 1, is a group of enzymes that decompose the degradation product (formic acid).
- U (E 2) U (Fate DH)
- U (E l) U (F al DH)
- U (E 2) U ( F ate DH).
- the fuel cell using methanol as a fuel satisfies the following expression (1). 0 ⁇ U (ADH) ⁇ U (FalDH) ⁇ U (FaieDH) ⁇ (1)
- the coenzyme oxidase is diaphorase, and its enzyme activity U (DI) corresponds to U (Co), alcohol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and formate dehydrogenase.
- DI enzyme activity
- Hydrogenase is involved in the production of reduced forms of coenzymes. Therefore, it is necessary to satisfy the relationship of the following equation (2).
- the enzyme solution is prepared so that the enzymatic activity of each enzyme is increased in accordance with the order of oxidizing methanol, that is, the order of alcohol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and formate dehydrogenase.
- the order of oxidizing methanol that is, the order of alcohol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and formate dehydrogenase.
- the enzyme solution is prepared so that the enzyme activity of diaphorase is equal to or higher than the sum of the enzyme activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and formaldehyde dehydrogenase, so that diaphorase is not saturated. Receiving electrons from NADH to anode The transfer speed can be improved.
- the fuel cell according to the present invention is further characterized in that, in the fuel cell for transferring electrons from the coenzyme to the electronic media, the electronic media is vitamin K3.
- a fuel electrode for example, in the case of a fuel cell using methanol as a fuel, a fuel electrode, an air electrode, a proton conducting film interposed between the fuel electrode and the air electrode, and electrons can be transferred to and from the fuel electrode.
- a fuel cell comprising an enzyme solution and using methanol as a fuel, wherein the enzyme solution comprises alcohol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, and diaphorase.
- An electronic mediator wherein the electronic mediator is vitamin K3.
- Vitamin K 3 has a relatively good equilibrium redox potential with coenzyme oxidases (eg, diaphorase) that oxidize coenzymes, so it has good compatibility with diaphorase and electron transfer, and should be used as an electronic media. This improves the electron transfer speed.
- coenzyme oxidases eg, diaphorase
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining an outline of a reaction of a fuel cell to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining in detail the reaction on the fuel electrode side in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a complex enzyme reaction when ethanol is used as a fuel.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a complex enzyme reaction when glucose is used as a fuel.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing a change over time of NADH in Experiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the change over time of OCV in Experiment 2. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the fuel cell of the present invention utilizes biological metabolism, and as shown in FIG. 1, a fuel electrode, an air electrode, a proton conductive membrane for separating the fuel electrode and the air electrode, and An enzyme solution in which an enzyme, coenzyme, electronic media, etc. are dissolved is a basic component.
- the enzyme solution is held in the anode compartment so as to contact the anode. Then, the fuel is continuously supplied to the enzyme solution in the fuel electrode chamber.
- an enzyme solution to oxidize the fuel 1 or more NAD + dependent de arsenide Dorogena one peptidase as described later as a composite dehydrogenase through a plurality of stages (e.g., methanol) to C 0 2
- NADH is generated from the coenzyme NAD +.
- Generated NAD H transfers two electrons to the fuel electrode via electron media over the electron beam. Then, when electrons reach the air electrode through the external circuit, a current is generated.
- H + generated in the above-described process moves to the air electrode through a proton conducting membrane or an enzyme solution without a membrane.
- the enzyme solution contains NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase, which is an alcohol-dehydrogenase (RADH) that produces formaldehyde and NADH from methanol as a fuel.
- NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase which is an alcohol-dehydrogenase (RADH) that produces formaldehyde and NADH from methanol as a fuel.
- formaldehyde Dodehi de Rogena one peptidase to generate a formate and NAD H from formaldehyde (formaldehyde dehydrogenase:. to hereafter F al DH)
- formic de arsenide mud Genaze for generating C_ ⁇ 2 and NADH from formic acid (formate Dehydrogenase : Fate DH.) are dissolved.
- NADH dehydrogenase which oxidizes NADH to be decomposed into NAD + and H +, that is, diaphorase (hereinafter referred to as DI) is dissolved.
- an electron mediator that receives two electrons from NADH via DI and transfers it to the fuel electrode is dissolved.
- the capture enzyme NAD + required by NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase for the reaction is also dissolved in the enzyme solution.
- U (A DH) which corresponds to the enzyme activity U (E 1) of enzyme 1
- U (E 1) of enzyme 1 is a group of enzymes (formaldehyde dehydrogenase and formate) that decompose a degradation product (formaldehyde).
- U (Fal DH) which corresponds to the enzyme activity U (E 1) of enzyme 1
- U (E 2) U (Fate DH)
- U (El) U (Fal DH)
- U (E 2) U (Fate DH) It is necessary to be.
- the above-mentioned fuel cell using methanol as fuel satisfies the following equation (1).
- the enzyme activity of DI which is involved in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the fuel electrode, is increased by three types of NAD + -dependent data, which are involved in the production of NADH. It must be greater than or equal to the sum of the enzyme activities of the hydrogenase, which can increase the speed of electron transfer from the generated NADH to the fuel electrode. This is expressed by the following formula (2), where the enzyme activity of DI is U (DI).
- U (unit) is one index indicating the enzyme activity, and indicates the degree of reaction of 1 mol substrate per minute at a certain temperature and pH.
- the voltage of the fuel cell is set by controlling the oxidation-reduction potential of the electronic media used for each electrode. In other words, to obtain a higher voltage, it is better to choose a more negative electron mediator on the fuel electrode side and a more positive electron mediator on the air electrode side.
- the reaction affinity of the electron mediator to the enzyme, the rate of electron exchange with the electrode, and the structural stability of the inhibitor must also be considered.
- VK3 vitamin K3 (2-methyl-l, 4-naphthoquinone quin Vitamin K3: hereafter referred to as VK3) as an electron media acting on the fuel electrode. Then it is good.
- VK3 has an equilibrium oxidation-reduction potential (in a pH 7.0 solution) of ⁇ 210 mV (vs Ag / AgCl) and has an active site of flavin mononucleotide (flavin mononuc 1 eotide).
- FMN Compared with the equilibrium oxidation-reduction potential (in a solution of PH 7.0) of DI of about 1380 mV (VsA / AgC1) Is slightly positive. As a result, the exchange rate of electrons between the DI and the electronic media is moderately high, and a large current density can be obtained.At the same time, a relatively large voltage can be obtained when a battery is configured in combination with the air electrode. be able to.
- the current density of the battery can be improved to some extent by increasing the area of the reaction electrode by devising the electrode structure and constructing the reaction field three-dimensionally at a high density.
- an electron media having an appropriate oxidation-reduction potential in addition to V K 3.
- compounds having a nucleotide monophosphate structure can be used as an electronic media that acts on the fuel electrode.
- the electronic media that acts on the air electrode is mainly A B
- TS [2, 2-az inob is (3_e t hy lbenzo thi azo 1 ine 6-sul f onat e)]
- ⁇ Metal complexes such as s, Ru, Fe, and Co can be used.
- power is generated as follows. First, when methanol, which is a fuel, is supplied to the enzyme solution, ADH in the enzyme solution catalyzes the oxidation of methanol to form formaldehyde. At this time, 2 H + and 2 electrons are removed from methanol to generate NAD H which is a reduced form of NAD + and H +.
- F a 1 DH adds H 2 ⁇ to formaldehyde and removes 2 H + and 2 electrons to form formic acid. At this time, N ADH and H + are generated.
- Fate DH removes 2 H + and 2 electrons from formic acid, and the final product, C 0. Generate At this time, N ADH and H + are generated.
- C_ ⁇ 2 is a final product, (as a normal gas) dividing Karere if taken from the enzyme solution system, there is no Rukoto materially alter the p H of the enzyme solution. For this reason, a decrease in enzyme activity is suppressed.
- DI oxidizes the NADH generated in the above-described process, and passes electrons to the oxidized form of the electronic media to form a reduced form of the electronic media.
- the electron media is VK3
- the oxidized form of VK3 receives two electrons and 2H +, and becomes an oxidized form of VK3.
- the reductant of the electronic media passes the electrons to the fuel electrode, and returns to the oxidized product of the electronic media.
- NAD H oxidized by DI becomes NAD + and H +, and the generated NAD + is reused in the above-mentioned process of decomposing methanol by NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase.
- the electron medium is sufficiently present in the enzyme solution for the enzyme activity of DI.
- the enzyme solution in order for the above enzymes to react efficiently and constantly, the enzyme solution must be maintained at a pH of, for example, around pH 7 by a buffer such as a tris buffer or a phosphate buffer. Is preferred. It is also preferable that the temperature of the enzyme solution is maintained at, for example, around 40 ° C. by a temperature control system. Furthermore, the ionic strength (Ion Strength: hereafter referred to as I.S.) of the enzyme solution is too large or too small to have an adverse effect on the enzyme activity, but considering the electrochemical responsiveness. It is preferable that the ionic strength is appropriate, for example, about 0.3. However, the above-mentioned pH, temperature and ionic strength have optimum values for each of the enzymes used, and are not limited to the above-mentioned values.
- the various enzymes, coenzymes, and electronic media described above are used after being dissolved in an enzyme solution, and at least one of them is used in a general method proposed in the field of biosensors and the like. It may be used fixed on or near the electrode. For example, by using an electrode in which a material with a large surface area, such as activated carbon, is arranged three-dimensionally and densely as a fuel electrode, it is possible to use electronic media overnight. The effective reaction electrode area can be increased, and the current density can be further improved.
- the transfer of electrons from the enzyme to the electron media near the electrode surface becomes more efficient, and the current density is improved. You can also.
- the enzyme used in the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned enzyme, and may be other enzymes. Further, ADH, Fa1DH, FatDH and DI described above may be relatively stable to pH and inhibitors by mutation. Further, as the enzyme for the air electrode, a known enzyme such as laccase or pyrilvinoxidase may be used.
- organic acids such as alcohols such as ethanol, sugars such as glucose, fats, proteins, intermediate products of sugar metabolism and the like (glucose-6-phosphoric acid, Cutose-6-phosphoric acid, fructosu-1,6-bisric acid, triosephosphate isomerase, 1,3-bisphosphodariseric acid, 3-phosphodariseric acid, 2 —Phospodariseric acid, Phosphoeno —Rubiruic acid, Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, Cuenoic acid, cis —Aconitic acid, Isoquenic acid, Oxacoic acid, 2-Oxodaltalic acid, Succinylcoa, Succinic acid, fumaric acid, L-monolinic acid, oxalic acetic acid, etc.), and mixtures thereof may be used.
- alcohols such as ethanol
- sugars such as glucose, fats, proteins, intermediate products of sugar metabolism and the like
- sugars such as glucose, fats, proteins
- glucose, ethanol, intermediate products of glucose metabolism, etc. can be obtained by optimizing environmental conditions by using the above-mentioned enzymes singly or in combination with appropriate plural types, and in particular using multiple enzymes involved in the TCA cycle.
- the fuel described above similarly to the system in which the methanol fuel can be realized based to be oxidized to C_ ⁇ 2.
- enzymes used for the fuel electrode include glucose dehydrogenase, a series of enzymes in the electron transfer system, ATP synthase, enzymes involved in sugar metabolism (eg, hexokinase, glucose phosphate isomerase, phosphofructokinase, Fructosulinic acid aldolase, trisulfonyl isomerase, glyceraldehyde hydrogenase dehydrogenase, phosphodaricellomase, phosphopyruvic acid hydrase, pyruvate kinase, L-lactate dehydrogenase, D —Lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, aquofease, isoquenate dehydrogenase, 2 —oxodaltalate dehydrogenase, succinyl—CoA
- Figure 3 shows the complex enzyme reaction when ethanol was used as the fuel.
- ethanol in the first step, ethanol is oxidized to the acetoaldehyde by the action of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and in the second step, the acetoaldehyde is catalyzed by the action of aldehyde dehydrogenase (A1DH). Oxidized to acetic acid.
- NAD + oxidant
- NADH reductant
- Delivery of electrons via the electron mediator is the same as for methanol shown in Fig. 2 above.
- Figure 4 shows the complex enzyme reaction when glucose was used as the fuel.
- ⁇ - --glucose is decomposed into D-darcono- ⁇ 5—lactone by the action of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH).
- GDH glucose dehydrogenase
- D-Dalcono- ⁇ -lactone is hydrolyzed to D-Dalconate, and D-Dalconate converts adenosine triphosphate ( ⁇ ⁇ ) to adenosine diphosphate (AD P) in the presence of dalconokinase.
- Hydrolysis to phosphoric acid and phosphoric acid leads to phosphorylation to form 6-phospho-D-dalconate.
- This 6-phospho D-dalconate is oxidized to 2-keto-6-phospho D-dalconate by the action of phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PhGDH) in the second-stage oxidation reaction. Is done. In each oxidation reaction, NAD + (oxidant) is reduced to produce NADH (reductant). The transfer of electrons via the electron mediator is the same as for methanol shown in Fig. 2 above.
- U (GDH) corresponding to U (E l) and U (E 2) corresponding to U (E 2) (PGDH) is 0 ⁇ U (GDH) ⁇ U (PhGDH).
- the sum of these U (GDH) and U (PhGDH) is less than or equal to the enzyme activity of DI (U (DI)), and U (GDH) + U (PhGDH) ⁇ U (DI).
- NADH 2 per molecule of ethanol and glucose Although it is possible to extract molecules, it is necessary to further increase the energy density of the fuel. Therefore, as a method of decomposing glucose to CO 2, it is necessary to utilize sugar metabolism. Ethanol must be converted to acetyl Co-A by acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase (Aa1DH) and then passed to the TCA cycle.
- Aa1DH acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase
- glucose metabolism when glucose is used as a fuel, sugar metabolism can be applied.
- Complex enzyme reactions utilizing glucose metabolism are broadly divided into glucose degradation and pyruvate production by glycolysis, and the cycle of citric acid.
- the glycolysis and cycle of citric acid are widely known reaction systems. Therefore, the description is omitted here.
- carbon such as glassy carbon, Pt, Au or the like can be used for the fuel electrode.
- the air electrode for example, a material in which carbon carrying a catalyst such as Pt is bonded with a fluororesin or the like can be used.
- the air electrode may further contain an oxidoreductase such as laccase.
- a fluororesin such as Nafionll7 (trade name, manufactured by DuPont, USA) is suitable.
- the ratio of the enzyme activity of each enzyme is increased in a later stage, and is defined by, for example, the above-described equations (1) and (2).
- fuel e.g., methanol
- VK 3 the electron mediator
- the speed of electron transfer from the NADH to the fuel electrode can be increased.
- the fuel cell of the present invention generates electric power by utilizing the metabolism of a living body, which is a highly efficient energy conversion mechanism, so that it has excellent stability at room temperature, can be reduced in size and weight, and It also has the advantage of being extremely easy to handle.
- the enzymes that contribute to the battery reaction can be obtained by culturing cells or microorganisms that produce the target enzyme, and extracting and purifying them by ordinary methods, so that the cost of the fuel cell can be reduced. It becomes possible.
- the present invention is not limited to the above description, and can be appropriately modified without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 180 units were added as NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase, 250 units, 800 units of Fal DH and 200 units of Fate DH were added. To measure the NADH concentration.
- NADH concentration was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 250 units of 8011 were added as NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase and that Fa1DH and FateDH were not added. did.
- NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 25 units of ADH, 50 units of Fa1DH were added, and no FateDH was added. The concentration was measured.
- NADH concentration was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 75 units of Fat DH were added 9.0 hours after the start of the measurement.
- NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 25 units of ADH, 20 units of Fa1DH, and 15 units of FateDH were added. The H concentration was measured.
- Example 1 The change of the NADH concentration with respect to the measurement time of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 4 measured as described above is shown in FIG. 5, and Example 1, Example 2, and The amounts of NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase used in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 1 below.
- (+) in Comparative Example 3 indicates that the enzyme was not added from the beginning of the measurement but was added during the measurement.
- Example 2 in which the ratio of enzyme activity increasing in the order of ADH, Fal DH, and Fate DH was further increased as compared with the example, An improvement in the generation rate of NADH was observed more than in Example 1.
- Comparative Example 1 in which only ADH was added as NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase, the production of NADH almost leveled out 7 hours after the measurement.
- Comparative Example 2 in which ADH and Fa1DH were added as NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase, although NADH generation rate was improved as compared with Comparative Example 1, NADH generation was still higher. It has reached a plateau.
- Comparative Example 4 contained three types of NAD + -dependent dehydrogenases, but the enzyme activity ratios of ADH, Fa1DH, and FateDH were sequentially reversed in the reverse order of Example 1. The rate of NADH generation reached a plateau. In Comparative Example 4, the enzymatic activities of Fa1DH and FateDH were deficient compared to the enzymatic activities of ADH, and the degradation of the intermediate products formaldehyde and formic acid was stagnated. It is considered that the same phenomenon as in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was caused.
- ⁇ CV open circuit
- the three-electrode cell uses a glass electrode as a working electrode (diameter 3 mm), a Pt line as a counter electrode, and Ag / AgCl as a reference electrode.
- the temperature of the three-electrode cell is controlled so that it falls within the range of 40 ⁇ 1 ° C.
- Example 3 0 CV when DI was added to 200 units of the enzyme solution prepared by adding VK 3 to the enzyme solution of Example 1 in Experiment 1 was measured.
- ⁇ CV was measured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that 25 units of ADH were added as NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase, and that Fa1DH and FateDH were not added. .
- Example 3 As NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase, the same procedures as in Example 3 were performed except that 8011 was added in 25 units, Fa1DH was added in 50 units, and FateDH was not added. OCV was measured.
- Example 3 The ⁇ CV was measured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that DI was added to 100 units.
- -FIG. 6 shows the changes in OCV of Examples 3, 4, and Comparative Examples 5 to 8 measured as described above.
- Table 2 below shows the amounts of NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase and DI (enzyme activity) used in Example 3, Example 4, and Comparative Examples 5 to 8. What In Table 2, (+) in Comparative Example 7 indicates that the enzyme was not added from the beginning of the measurement but was added during the measurement.
- Example 3 In all cases, the enzymatic reaction proceeded from the start of the ⁇ CV measurement to generate a reduced form of VK3, and a decrease in OCV was observed. However, the results showed that the rate of decrease in 0 CV was different depending on the amount of the added enzyme activity. For example, in Example 3, DI was present in a sufficient amount with respect to NADH generated by NAD + -dependent dehydrogenase, and the OCV reduction rate was higher than in Comparative Examples 5 to 8 described below. Was. In Example 4 in which the enzymatic activity of DI was further increased, the transfer of electrons from NADH to VK 3 was accelerated, the rate of decrease in CV was increased, and the equilibrium oxidation-reduction potential of VK 3 was observed. — It quickly reached around 0.2 IV (VsAg / AgC1). From these facts, it can be said that DI in Example 3 and Example 4 was sufficient for the amount of generated NADH.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP03771356A EP1531512A4 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2003-07-25 | BATTERY OF FUEL CELLS |
US10/489,576 US8076035B2 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2003-07-25 | Fuel cell with sequential enzymatic reactions |
AU2003248128A AU2003248128A1 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2003-07-25 | Fuel battery |
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JP2002-217802 | 2002-07-26 | ||
JP2002217802 | 2002-07-26 |
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WO2004012293A1 true WO2004012293A1 (ja) | 2004-02-05 |
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PCT/JP2003/009480 WO2004012293A1 (ja) | 2002-07-26 | 2003-07-25 | 燃料電池 |
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US (1) | US8076035B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1531512A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5601346B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101091974B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN102931424A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003248128A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004012293A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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EP1758197A1 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2007-02-28 | Sony Corporation | Fuel cell, electronic equipment, movable body, power generation system and cogeneration system |
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US20090297890A1 (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2009-12-03 | Tatsuo Shimomura | Anode for Bioelectric Power Generation And Power Generation Method And Apparatus Utilizing Same |
CN100388553C (zh) * | 2005-09-28 | 2008-05-14 | 浙江大学 | 微型生物燃料电池及其制造方法 |
FI20060602A0 (fi) * | 2006-06-19 | 2006-06-19 | Valtion Teknillinen | Uudet ohutkalvorakenteet |
JP5181526B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-08 | 2013-04-10 | ソニー株式会社 | 燃料電池、燃料電池の製造方法および電子機器 |
WO2008143877A1 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-27 | Brigham Young University | Fuel cell and method for generating electric power |
JP2008289398A (ja) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-12-04 | Sony Corp | ジアホラーゼ活性を有する変異型タンパク質 |
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- 2003-07-25 WO PCT/JP2003/009480 patent/WO2004012293A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-07-25 EP EP03771356A patent/EP1531512A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-25 KR KR1020047003559A patent/KR101091974B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-25 CN CN2012104198154A patent/CN102931424A/zh active Pending
- 2003-07-25 CN CNA03801386XA patent/CN1579033A/zh active Pending
- 2003-07-25 US US10/489,576 patent/US8076035B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1579033A (zh) | 2005-02-09 |
AU2003248128A1 (en) | 2004-02-16 |
US8076035B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 |
CN102931424A (zh) | 2013-02-13 |
EP1531512A1 (en) | 2005-05-18 |
EP1531512A4 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
KR20050018799A (ko) | 2005-02-28 |
JP5601346B2 (ja) | 2014-10-08 |
KR101091974B1 (ko) | 2011-12-09 |
US20050053825A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
JP2012151130A (ja) | 2012-08-09 |
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