WO2004001570A1 - 自然言語による既存データの記述方法及びそのためのプログラム - Google Patents
自然言語による既存データの記述方法及びそのためのプログラム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004001570A1 WO2004001570A1 PCT/JP2003/002278 JP0302278W WO2004001570A1 WO 2004001570 A1 WO2004001570 A1 WO 2004001570A1 JP 0302278 W JP0302278 W JP 0302278W WO 2004001570 A1 WO2004001570 A1 WO 2004001570A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- data
- natural language
- description
- expression
- user
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/20—Natural language analysis
- G06F40/205—Parsing
- G06F40/216—Parsing using statistical methods
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technology for describing, in a natural language, existing data created by a software object operating on a computer, and in particular, a natural language character string to be input to a software object operable in a natural language.
- a software object is an operating system (OS) for controlling electronic devices such as a personal computer and a microcomputer control device, and an application program running on the OS.
- OS operating system
- input devices keyboards, microphones, handwritten evening bullets, etc.
- the system to be generated is called a natural language interface in this specification. Background art
- JP-A-8-147096 a handwriting input method and apparatus described in JP-A-8-147096, an information processing apparatus described in JP-A-6-75692, an information input apparatus described in JP-A-6-131108, And the information input device described in JP-A-282566.
- These conventional natural language interfaces are used to call internal functions prepared for software objects in natural language.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-75692 discloses a word processor in which when a user inputs "enlarge” by handwriting, a specified character string becomes double-width characters.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-147096 discloses a video deck having a control system in which a recording process starts when a user inputs "recording" by handwriting.
- the applicants of the present invention have realized the versatility of operating a plurality of different software objects in a unified manner, and the appropriate processing even when a natural language expression such as a user's request, desire, or purpose is received as input.
- a natural language interface with flexibility that can be achieved (Japanese Patent Application 2002-76319).
- the input character string of natural language is regarded as an expression of a user's request, the character string is analyzed, and an optimal software object for performing a process according to the request is selected.
- An intermediate function description expression for causing the software object to perform the above processing is generated, and the function description expression is converted into an instruction description sequence executable by an OS or a program.
- the data generated to fulfill the user's request contains only the minimum necessary information for fulfilling the user's request.
- the word sequence generated by a word processor contains text strings such as the title, creation date, and creator of the document, but it is necessary to identify which text strings are titles and which text strings are creation dates. Information (so-called semantic information of character strings) is generally not included. For this reason, even if the user modifies a part of the document data and diverts it to another use, the software object has no information to determine which part of the document data should be modified, It is up to the user to decide.
- the conventional natural language interface does not solve the problem of data reusability of the conventional software objects as described above.
- the data that the user has already created using the software object is specific to a particular use, but contains enough information to fulfill the user's needs . Therefore, if you want to transfer this data to another use, you can obtain the desired data by changing the expression format using another software object or modifying only a part of the existing data. Often. In fact, humans routinely understand the structure and meaning of existing data, select the appropriate software objects, and create the desired data with minimal modification. It is carried out.
- the conventional natural language interface focuses on requests expressed in the natural language input by the user, but does not focus on reusing data output by software objects. As a result, a heavy load is imposed on the user.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has as its object to realize versatility to operate a plurality of different software objects in a unified manner, and to realize user requirements. It is an object of the present invention to provide a technology for realizing a flexible natural language interface that can convert the data created in the above to other uses. The present invention has been made to solve the above problems,
- a procedure of specifying existing data created by a specific software object a procedure of analyzing the data and converting the data into an instruction description sequence executed by the software object to create the data;
- the present invention also provides a program for causing a computer to execute the above processing.
- the procedure of the process according to the present invention is as follows.
- the user Indirectly specifies the data to be referenced to fulfill the user's request.
- the term “direct” used here refers to the data (generally data files) that you or other users have already created using a specific software object, which is a function of the computer's operating system (OS). It is specified using.
- “Indirect” means that a user interprets a request entered using computer input means and selects and specifies the most appropriate data from existing data to fulfill the request. It is.
- the document data titled “Notice of movie viewing party” is directly specified by the user.
- the specified data is analyzed, and the data is converted into an instruction description sequence that can be executed by the software object that created the data.
- the specified data is converted into a command description sequence using a dictionary (hereinafter referred to as a data analysis unit dictionary) that indicates the correspondence between each data format and the command description executable by the software object.
- a data analysis dictionary is prepared for each software object that creates the specified data.
- the converted instruction description sequence is converted into a natural language function description expression that can be understood by the user.
- a dictionary hereinafter, referred to as an instruction transmission unit dictionary
- an instruction description sequence is formed. Convert to function description expression.
- a dictionary (hereinafter referred to as a function translator dictionary) representing the correspondence between each function description and the semantic expression of the user's request
- a requirement description expression is generated from the function description expression.
- Fig. 2 shows an example of the functional translation dictionary.
- the function translation unit dictionary in Fig. 2 is a conversion table in which words and phrases used in the function description expression and the request description expression are replaced by a set of mutually replaceable words (phrase A and phrase B). With this conversion table, for example, the phrase “increase the size of the character string” can be converted to the phrase “emphasize the character string”.
- the present invention provides a basic architecture for automatically generating a request description expression in a natural language for realizing a user's request from an existing data created by a software object. Is what you do.
- the cooperation between the software object and the natural language interface can be realized more easily than before. That is, since the generated requirement description expression is expressed in a natural language that does not depend on a specific software object, even if the user's request is realized by operating another software object, Only by creating a dictionary that associates a requirement description expression with a command description sequence, a mechanism that can operate the software object can be realized.
- the generated request description expression is expressed in a natural language that can be understood by the user.
- the semantic information included in the user's request is taken into account and that the variable elements are recognized, it can be diverted to other uses with minimal changes to the variable element part of the request be able to.
- the vast amount of data created by the user or other users in the past can be effectively used for various purposes.
- the required description expression obtained by the method of the present invention is a natural language expression, it can be directly used as input information in the method of Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-76319. By combining the two inventions in this way, data conversion via natural language becomes possible.
- the output data of A is converted into intermediate data of a natural language by the method according to the present invention, and the intermediate data is further converted into data of B format by the method of Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-76319.
- the user can confirm the content in the required description expression of the natural language, and if necessary, edit the content appropriately and read it into B. Since the requirement description contains information indicating the meaning of the components of the document, such as “title”, “address”, and “date”, even a user who has no knowledge of the operations A and B can easily write the document. Editing is possible.
- the structure of the original data file can be analyzed from the required description expression of the natural language obtained by the method of the present invention. Further, it is also possible to convert the device control setting data into a natural language requirement description expression by the method of the present invention, correct it appropriately by the user, and then return to the original device setting data by the method of Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-76319. It is possible. Further, if the sample document data is converted into the required description expression in a natural language by the method of the present invention, a document showing an operation procedure until the sample document is completed is completed. Such a document can be used, for example, for creating an application operation learning text.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure for generating and using a data description by the method according to the present invention.
- Fig. 2 Configuration example of functional translation dictionary.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of a computer system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of a natural language interface configured according to the present invention.
- Fig. 5 An example of the configuration of a part of the data specification dictionary. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of the system of this embodiment.
- This computer's system is constructed using a general personal computer.
- CPU central processing unit
- ROM read-only main memory
- RAM read / write enabled
- Main storage device 12
- External storage device controller 13 External storage device controller 14
- External storage device 14
- Network controller 15 for linking with external devices, User interface adapter 1 6.
- Display 'controller'-It has a controller 21 and a display 22, a sound controller 23 and a speaker 24.
- the user interface adapter 16 has various input devices (keyboard 17, voice input microphone 18, mouse 19, and handwriting input tablet 20) for inputting word strings. It is connected.
- FIG. 4 shows the functional configuration of the system of this embodiment.
- a natural language input unit 30 receives a word, word string or sentence (hereinafter collectively referred to as “word”) in a natural language, and generates a character string representing the word. It is.
- Word input methods include key input using the keyboard 17, voice input using the microphone 18, operation of the character input panel on the screen using the mouse 19, or handwriting using the evening bullet 20. You can select from input. Of course, other than these But if you have the input device and the software (driver) for it, you can use it to input words.
- the natural language analysis unit 34 has natural language analysis, parsing using a dictionary, interactive syntax generation, and a category dictionary manager function, and analyzes the above character strings to generate semantic expressions.
- natural language analysis techniques generally known in the field of natural language processing can be used.
- natural language analysis engines such as “ChaSen” of Nara Institute of Science and Technology and “KNP” of Kyoto University are already known. Can be configured.
- the data specification unit 36 searches the data specification unit dictionary 42 for all the concepts appearing in the semantic expressions, and the software object and its software object that are optimal for performing the processing according to the user's request. Select the data created by.
- the data specification dictionary 42 stores information that associates concepts used in semantic expressions with software and objects that can be used in the system, and the software and data generated by these objects. .
- the data analysis unit 37 analyzes the data specified by the data specification unit 36 syntactically, and the software object that created the specified data is executable to create the specified data. Into a simple instruction description string.
- the instruction description conversion unit 38 converts the instruction description sequence created by the data analysis unit 37 into a function description expression expressed in a natural language by searching the instruction transmission unit dictionary 44.
- the function description conversion unit 40 obtains semantic information from the function description expression by searching the function description expression created by the instruction description conversion unit 38 and the function translation unit dictionary 46 to obtain the function description expression.
- a request description expression with meaning added to is generated.
- a configuration example of the functional translation dictionary 46 is as shown in FIG.
- the functional translator 41 searches the functional translator dictionary 46 for all the concepts appearing in the semantic expressions, and replaces them with the function description expression that matches the function of the software object stored in the dictionary.
- the command transmitting unit 39 searches the command transmitting unit dictionary 44 for all concepts appearing in the function description expression created by the function translating unit 41, and the software stored in the dictionary Generate a command description sequence to execute the function of object 45.
- the command description sequence is, for example, an API and parameters of the software object 45 or a command sequence passed through a command stream.
- the instruction transmitting unit 39 executes the instruction description sequence and executes the function of the corresponding software object 45.
- the response generation unit 33 receives the execution result of the software object 45 executed by the instruction transmission unit 39, and responds in a form desired by the user.
- Various forms of response can be considered, for example, display on the display 22, printing by a printer (not shown), storage of information in a desktop, control of equipment, and the like.
- the dictionary management unit 35 includes a data specification unit dictionary 42, a data analysis unit dictionary 43, a command transmission unit dictionary 44, and a function translation unit dictionary 46.Creating new information, changing stored information, deleting, and browsing. I do.
- the control unit 32 includes a natural language input unit 30, a natural language analysis unit 34, a data specification unit 36, a data analysis unit 37, an instruction description conversion unit 38, an instruction transmission unit 39, and a function description conversion unit. 40, the function translator 41, the response generator 33, the user dialogue 31, the necessary data are transferred to the dictionary manager 35, and a series of operations are controlled.
- the natural language analysis unit 34 analyzes the received character string, and for example, the syntax and the “movie”, “watching party”, “news” and “creation (want)” Generate a semantic expression consisting of four semantically separated words (step 51). This semantic expression is passed to the data specification part 36.
- the data designation unit 36 acquires the software / object evaluation points of the above four words based on the data designation unit dictionary 42.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a partial configuration of the data specification section dictionary 42.
- the data specification unit 36 determines that the software and object with the highest overall evaluation score are “word processors”, and the data for the “word processor” stored in the data specification unit dictionary 42. Execute the evening designation process.
- the data specification process specifies the optimal data by searching and evaluating appropriate data from the semantic expressions. For example, a data file containing the words included in the semantic expression in the file name, and searching for the data file created by the software object (“word processor” in this example) selected earlier, The data file with the date of is evaluated as optimal and specified. A list of candidate files may be displayed before automatically evaluating the optimal data file, and the user may be given a chance to confirm and select.
- a database file named “Movie Appreciation Party” has been specified.
- the function description conversion unit 40 obtains semantic information from the function description expression by searching the function description expression created by the instruction description conversion unit 38 and the function translation unit dictionary 46 (FIG. 2). Then, a request description expression is generated by adding a meaning to the function description expression. For example,
- the function translator 41 redefines the variable elements included in the requirement description expression and translates them into the function description expression.
- the function translator 41 queries the user for the value of the variable element via the user interaction unit 31.
- the command transmitting unit 39 converts the function description expression including no variable element into a command transmitting unit dictionary.
- a command description sequence is generated by using the command 4 and the command is executed on the software object 45.
- a function description expression of “start up word processor” an instruction description sequence for reading and executing a word processor program stored in a predetermined location on a hard disk is generated and executed by the OS.
- Instruction sequence to be executed by a word processor program through the OS.
- the instruction description string to be passed to the OS is created according to the specifications of the OS application programming interface (API), and the instruction description string to be passed to the word processor program is created according to the word processor API specifications.
- the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the embodiments are not limited to the above.
- the address portion of the guide document includes a variable that is a variable element.
- the existing member list database management system is linked to the system of the embodiment of the present invention, the member name in the member list database is linked to the variable $ N which is a variable element of the address.
- a large number of guide documents for each member can be created at once.
- contents and data created by a software object such as a word processor are targeted.
- a control sequence for controlling other software objects / hardware devices, etc. It is valid.
- a control sequence for operating a hardware device is expressed in natural language, and a voice output type controller is provided to read it out. Providing good operation interface be able to.
- the data generated by the software object can be expressed in the natural language used to realize the user's request, regardless of the format and content, Data retrieval efficiency can be improved.
- a data search using the character string “movie” as a key would not only allow document data titled “Movie Appreciation Announcement”, but would not be possible with conventional non-linguistic expressions. It can also detect the control sequence and data of video equipment for “reserving movie programs”, which can further improve the reusability of data.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003211815A AU2003211815A1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2003-02-27 | Method for describing existing data by a natural language and program for that |
US10/517,810 US20050228635A1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2003-02-27 | Method for describing existing data by a natural language and program for that |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002178303A JP2004021791A (ja) | 2002-06-19 | 2002-06-19 | 自然言語による既存データの記述方法及びそのためのプログラム |
JP2002-178303 | 2002-06-19 |
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WO2004001570A1 true WO2004001570A1 (ja) | 2003-12-31 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2003/002278 WO2004001570A1 (ja) | 2002-06-19 | 2003-02-27 | 自然言語による既存データの記述方法及びそのためのプログラム |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20050228635A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2004021791A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003211815A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004001570A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (20)
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JP4024137B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-28 | 2007-12-19 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | 数量表現検索装置 |
US20110068164A1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-03-24 | Trimble Navigation Limited | Method and Apparatus for Barcode and Position Detection |
US9336193B2 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2016-05-10 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for updating a previously generated text |
US9405448B2 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2016-08-02 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for annotating a graphical output |
US9355093B2 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2016-05-31 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for referring expression generation |
US8762133B2 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2014-06-24 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for alert validation |
US8762134B2 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2014-06-24 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for situational analysis text generation |
US9135244B2 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2015-09-15 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for configurable microplanning |
US9600471B2 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2017-03-21 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for aggregating with information generalization |
WO2014076524A1 (en) | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-22 | Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for spatial descriptions in an output text |
WO2014076525A1 (en) | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-22 | Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for expressing time in an output text |
US10115202B2 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2018-10-30 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for motion detection |
WO2014102569A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2014-07-03 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for motion description |
US10776561B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2020-09-15 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for generating a linguistic representation of raw input data |
WO2015028844A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Text generation from correlated alerts |
US9396181B1 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2016-07-19 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method, apparatus, and computer program product for user-directed reporting |
US9244894B1 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2016-01-26 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for interactive reports |
WO2015159133A1 (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2015-10-22 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for document planning |
US10445432B1 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2019-10-15 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for lightweight multilingual natural language realizer |
US10467347B1 (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2019-11-05 | Arria Data2Text Limited | Method and apparatus for natural language document orchestrator |
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JPS63108454A (ja) * | 1986-10-27 | 1988-05-13 | Canon Inc | 情報表示方法 |
JPH0546656A (ja) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-02-26 | Toshiba Corp | 文章解析装置 |
JPH0683669A (ja) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-25 | Nec Ic Microcomput Syst Ltd | デバッグプログラム装置 |
JPH10133907A (ja) * | 1996-10-28 | 1998-05-22 | Nec Yonezawa Ltd | 日本語によるプログラム作成機能付きromエミュレー ションシステムと処理方法 |
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JP3350293B2 (ja) * | 1994-08-09 | 2002-11-25 | 株式会社東芝 | 対話処理装置及び対話処理方法 |
US7089261B2 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2006-08-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Programmable use of data extracted from common presentation files |
-
2002
- 2002-06-19 JP JP2002178303A patent/JP2004021791A/ja active Pending
-
2003
- 2003-02-27 US US10/517,810 patent/US20050228635A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-27 WO PCT/JP2003/002278 patent/WO2004001570A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-02-27 AU AU2003211815A patent/AU2003211815A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS63108454A (ja) * | 1986-10-27 | 1988-05-13 | Canon Inc | 情報表示方法 |
JPH0546656A (ja) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-02-26 | Toshiba Corp | 文章解析装置 |
JPH0683669A (ja) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-25 | Nec Ic Microcomput Syst Ltd | デバッグプログラム装置 |
JPH10133907A (ja) * | 1996-10-28 | 1998-05-22 | Nec Yonezawa Ltd | 日本語によるプログラム作成機能付きromエミュレー ションシステムと処理方法 |
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US20050228635A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
AU2003211815A1 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
JP2004021791A (ja) | 2004-01-22 |
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