WO2003056471A2 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur simulation von wärmetransportprozessen - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur simulation von wärmetransportprozessen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003056471A2 WO2003056471A2 PCT/EP2003/000036 EP0300036W WO03056471A2 WO 2003056471 A2 WO2003056471 A2 WO 2003056471A2 EP 0300036 W EP0300036 W EP 0300036W WO 03056471 A2 WO03056471 A2 WO 03056471A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- calculation element
- convection
- heat transport
- temperature
- body surface
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B17/00—Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems
- G05B17/02—Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems electric
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for simulating heat transfer processes.
- the body surfaces are treated with the aid of methods which comprise several steps.
- the body is cleaned thoroughly. Then the body is e.g. immersed in a bath, e.g. a dye bath, where e.g. a (first) coating or (first) coating is applied to the body by means of a cathodic deposition process.
- a bath e.g. a dye bath
- a (first) coating or (first) coating is applied to the body by means of a cathodic deposition process.
- the applied coating or coating is then cured or dried in an oven
- a (further) lacquer layer e.g. a layer of colored paint, applied to the body, which is cured or dried in another oven, etc.
- the ovens are e.g. Nozzles, black emitters, etc. are provided, which ensure that the body heats up relatively quickly to the temperature required for curing or drying. This can e.g. in a predefined temperature range, e.g. between 165 ° C and 195 ° C approx. 180 ° C ( ⁇ 15 ° C).
- this temperature In order to ensure proper curing or drying, this temperature must be maintained for a predetermined period of time, for example 15 minutes (curing or drying time). There may be a loss in quality of the applied coating or coating if, for example, during the above-mentioned curing or drying period, which lasts approx. 15 minutes, the temperature falls below the lower limit of the above-mentioned temperature range for a certain period of time (the body temperature, for example, for 10 minutes) is only 160 ° C), or, for example, the upper limit of the above-mentioned temperature range is exceeded for a certain time (the body temperature is 200 ° C for 5 minutes), or the temperature goes to high values too quickly.
- the body temperature for example, for 10 minutes
- the body temperature is 200 ° C for 5 minutes
- the warm-up phase is particularly critical.
- the temperature of the circulating air here should be as high as possible so that the body can heat up as quickly as possible, thereby shortening the manufacturing time and reducing the manufacturing costs.
- an excessively high temperature of the circulating air can cause - even before e.g. the body surfaces less exposed to the circulating air - the above Reach curing or drying temperature (or at least the lower limit of the curing or drying temperature range), the temperature of body areas which are relatively strongly exposed to the circulated air, e.g. the outer surface of the body rises too much (e.g. the temperature of which exceeds the upper limit of the curing or drying temperature range).
- the temperature distribution in a body is uneven.
- the invention has for its object to provide a novel device and a novel method for simulating heat transfer processes.
- a method for simulating heat transfer processes wherein a body is subdivided into several calculation elements, and from the position of a first calculation element with respect to at least one further calculation element, at least one thermal boundary condition assigned to the first calculation element -Parameter is determined, and the effect of heat transport caused by heat ---- or by forced convection with respect to the first calculation element is estimated by using the thermal boundary condition parameter at least one usually for calculation of convection parameters used by free convection, based on a functional, in particular linear relationship between temperature and heat transfer, are adapted accordingly.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a section of a production line in which vehicle bodies are cleaned, coated or lac-riei-t- and dried in several stages;
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an oven provided in the curing or drying stage shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of body surface elements used for the simulation
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of body surface elements used for the simulation, and an oven nozzle.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a section of a production line 1, in which vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c are cleaned, coated or painted, and dried in several stages 3a, 3b, 3c.
- the vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c all have essentially the same shape and are - as illustrated here by corresponding arrows - e.g. With the help of a conveyor belt, it is first conveyed fully automatically to the first processing stage 3a, from there to the second processing stage 3b, and then to the third processing stage 3c, etc.
- the first processing stage 3a has e.g. a tub, which is filled with a cleaning liquid, in which the vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c are successively immersed for cleaning.
- the (re -----) processing stage 3a can have several sub-stages, i.e. The vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c can be cleaned one after the other in several stages (e.g. immersed in different trays one after the other, each containing e.g. corresponding cleaning fluids).
- the surface of the respective vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c (cleaned in the first processing stage 3a) is subjected to a corresponding processing, e.g. the corresponding vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c is immersed in a (paint) bath, in particular in a bath in which a paint layer or any other coating is applied to the surface by means of a cathodic deposition process (for example an electro deposition coating process) the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c is applied.
- a corresponding processing e.g. the corresponding vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c is immersed in a (paint) bath, in particular in a bath in which a paint layer or any other coating is applied to the surface by means of a cathodic deposition process (for example an electro deposition coating process) the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c is applied.
- any other surface treatment processes can also be carried out, e.g. corresponding paints are sprayed onto the vehicle body 2a, 2
- the (surface) processing stage 3b can have several sub-stages, i.e.
- the surfaces of the vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c can be processed one after the other in several stages (e.g. one after the other in different (color) baths).
- the previously applied (initially still liquid or powdery) coating or (lacquer) layer is cured in an oven 4 or dried
- the (curing or drying) processing stage 3c can have several sub-stages, ie the surfaces of the vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c can be dried or cured successively in several stages (for example, several ovens connected in series can be added).
- drying can also take on tasks from other processes or assembly processes, such as hardening or gelling of glued seams, expanding or just not expanding so-called expanded moldings, hardening with the so-called bake hardening effect
- the corresponding vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c can be fed to any further processing stage, not shown here, e.g. a further cleaning and / or surface processing stage, etc.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration, simplified for reasons of connection, of the oven 4 provided in the curing or drying stage shown in FIG. 1
- the furnace 4 is essentially tubular and can be equipped with: several active, i.e. heated jet surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c on its inner wall 17, as well as several nozzles 5a, 5b, 5c, several (passive, not heated) black jet surfaces 7a, Tb, 7c.
- Sections of the jet surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c, 7a, 7b, 7c or nozzles 5a, 5b, 5c, which are hidden by the outer walls of the furnace 4, are shown here in dashed lines (note: all unheated walls of the furnace have a corresponding effect, such as the black jet -Rays 7a, 7b, 7c, and are taken into account in the simulation explained below in a corresponding manner, as explained here for the black-ray surfaces 7a, 7b, 7c).
- the construction of the furnace 4 shown here as a tube is a common furnace design.
- Such an oven is e.g. referred to as a continuous dryer
- any other oven can be used instead of a continuous dryer, e.g. Station dryer.
- Station dryer the body is fixed in one place or performs alternating movements within the closed furnace.
- station dryers are equipped with the same means as specified for the oven 4 described here.
- the heat radiation emitted by the active radiation surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c also achieves direct heating of the respective vehicle body 2a, 2b 2c based on radiation absorption.
- the nozzles 5a, 5b, 5c set the air in the furnace in motion and thereby increase the heat input into the vehicle body 5a, 5b, 5c by convection.
- the nozzles 5a, 5b, 5c each generate an air flow directed in the direction of the furnace interior. This ensures that there is an overall increase in heat transport based on convection or heat flow (in addition to a flow caused by temperature and thus density differences in the air (free convection)). If the air movement is dominated by the air blown in with nozzles 5a, 5b, 5c, one can assume forced convection. The higher the air speed, the greater the heat exchange with the air by convection.
- All beam surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c and 7a, 7b, 7c radiate according to the law of Stefan and Boltzmann and emit radiation energy. This results in a heat input into the body.
- the size of this heat input based on the area (heat flow density) is calculated from the difference between the 4th power of the temperatures of the respective radiation partners (see below, formula (1)).
- the heat flow dQ / dt which is conceived by means of convection, e.g. between the air surrounding the respective vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c, and the corresponding vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c bel --- are calculated as below:
- Dabd is A ⁇ the size of the respective body surface (or the size of the surface under consideration of the respective finite body surface element or the respective “temperature cell” (see below)), T ⁇ the temperature of the body surface or the respective finite Body surface element, Tu the ambient temperature, and ⁇ the applicable heat transfer number
- the vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c are conveyed by means of a conveyor 10, e.g.
- a conveyor belt is fed into the furnace 4 and, according to the conveyor belt speed, is transported through the furnace 4 at a feed speed v.
- the feed speed v of the vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c through the furnace 4 is controlled by a control device 11 set ⁇ e.g. a computer 12, on the Spdchere ---- direction 13 a corresponding control software Treprog ⁇ ------- m is stored
- the control device 11 controls in addition to the feed speed v (ie its height and, if applicable, its gentle course) - and thus the dwell time of the vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c in the oven 4 or the duration of the hardening - or drying period - alternatively, among other things the following parameters of the drying or hardening process: heating of the active jet surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c (and thus - indirectly - the height and gentle course of the steel surface temperature Tg), and / or the strength of the nozzle 5a , 5b, 5c generated airflow, etc.
- the control device 11 is for controlling the heating of the radiant surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c, ie more precisely: for controlling heating elements assigned to the active radiant surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c Connected to the respective heating elements via corresponding control solutions 14 or alternatively a control data bus, so that the air flow flowing through corresponding heating wires of the heating elements, the air temperature or the dielectric current - and thus the temperature of the jet surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c - can be set ,
- the control device 11 is connected to the corresponding wires by means of further control devices 15 (or the above-mentioned control data bus) with corresponding drive elements, e.g. Electric motors of the conveyor 10 connected so that the current flowing through the electric motors, and thereby their speed, can be adjusted (and thus - indirectly - the feed speed v of the vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c in the furnace 4).
- drive elements e.g. Electric motors of the conveyor 10 connected so that the current flowing through the electric motors, and thereby their speed, can be adjusted (and thus - indirectly - the feed speed v of the vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c in the furnace 4).
- control device 11 can additionally e.g. be connected to the nozzles 5a, 5b, 5c by means of corresponding further control devices 16 (or e.g. the above-mentioned control data bus), so that the strength of the air flow generated by the nozzles 5a, 5b, 5c can be adjusted, etc.
- the respective vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c is to be heated relatively quickly to the temperature required for curing or drying.
- This can e.g. in a predetermined temperature range, e.g. are between 165 ° C and 195 ° C, i.e. approx. 180 ° C ( ⁇ 15 ° C).
- this temperature In order to ensure proper curing or drying, this temperature must be maintained for a predetermined time, e.g. Maintained for 15 minutes (curing or drying time).
- the respective vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c or a section thereof during the above e.g. curing or drying period lasting approx. 15 minutes e.g. for a certain period the lower limit of the above Temperature range undershot (the temperature of the corresponding body section is e.g. only 160 ° C for 10 minutes), or e.g. for a certain time the upper limit of the above Temperature range exceeded (the temperature of the corresponding body section is e.g. 200 ° C for 5 minutes).
- the warm-up phase is particularly critical.
- the temperature of the circulating air should be as high as possible here, so that the respective vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c can heat up as quickly as possible, which shortens the manufacturing time and the manufacturing costs be reduced.
- an excessively high temperature of the circulating air can lead to the above-mentioned curing or drying temperature (or at least the lower limit) even before the body surfaces, for example, which are less exposed to the circulating air (or e.g.
- the temperature of body surfaces that are relatively strongly exposed to the cited air for example the exterior surfaces of the body, increases too much (for example, the temperature of which exceeds the upper limit of the curing or drying temperature range).
- the simulation it is, for example, "to clarify in advance” whether a particular vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c can be carried out with the furnace 4, for example, in terms of quality and production time or production costs, an acceptable removal or drying process (Alternatively or additionally, the simulation can be used, for example, to set the process parameters of the furnace 4 in advance in such a way that an optimal result with regard to quality and production time or production costs is considered.)
- preliminary clarification it is meant that a new vehicle body is not physically, but only as a corresponding calculation model
- the determined process parameters or data representing the determined process parameters are then transferred from the simulation software program to the control software program transfer (- alternatively, the function of the simulation and the control software program can also be performed by one and the same software program, for example -), so that the control device 11 (or the control software program) is then available in real terms for the curing and drying Vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c in the furnace 4 control the feed speed v, the heating of the active beam surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c, etc. accordingly
- a finite element mode 1 of the respective vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c is used to simulate the curing or drying process.
- a to calculate or simulate other variables, for example the mechanical stress on the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c) are used, which is read into the memory device 13.
- the mechanical simulation computer network is then adapted in such a way that - as here - it can be used to simulate the thermal stress on the respective vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c using a finite element method.
- the vehicle body surfaces are each divided into a plurality of between several, e.g. drd or four reference points - nodes - spanned, adjacent (eg flat) reference surfaces - finite body surface elements 21, 22, 23 or "temperature cells” - divided
- the temperature at the nodes is the result of the finite element calculation R-md conditions (convection, heat flow due to radiation) are determined on the upper and lower surface from the reference surfaces. For this purpose, an average temperature is assumed for each reference surface or “temperature cell”.
- the oven 12 is used in the computer 12 together with the above-mentioned finite element model of the respective vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c with the aid of certain parameters the location of a particular body surface element 21, 22, 23 in relation to other body surface elements, and in relation to certain Components of the furnace 4 ((nozzles 5a, 5b, 5c, active jet surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c, other surfaces 7a, 7b, 7c, etc.) determined and stored.
- the corresponding values therefore lie for each body surface element 21, 22, 23 and assignments.
- oven parameters are also used for air temperature in oven 4 (depending on the position in the oven if necessary (which means that constant temperature conditions are assumed for continuous dryers, for example) and / or - bd simulation of the oven heating process or bd station drying - depending on the Zdt), Temperature of the inner wall 17 of the furnace (or temperature of the heated steel surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c, the black jet surfaces 7a, 7b, 7c, and the rest of the inner wall, that is to say depending on the location and / or - bd simulation of the furnace heating process - depending on the Zdt), as well as the above Heat transfer coefficient ⁇ (possibly depending on the position in the furnace
- the simulation or calculation of the thermal stress of the respective vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c is, as will be explained in more detail below, based on the shape of the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c or the position of the respective finite body surface.
- Elements related to other body surface elements, and in relation to components of the furnace 4 (nozzles 5a, 5b, 5c, active jet surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c, etc.) - thermal boundary conditions restrict the flow field of air around the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c is not simulated and, if necessary, is taken into account by specifying heat transfer figures for convection.
- the heat input by radiation into the vehicle body is approximated by a special automated adaptation of the convection values.
- the markings used in this marking are those that occur when a sheet is heated. It should also be noted that the simulation also records the cooling and thus the heat emitted from the body. It can happen that some areas of the body are heated and others are cooled.
- the position criteria from the shape of the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c or the position of the respective finite body surface elements with respect to further body surface elements, and with respect to components of the furnace 4 (nozzles 5a, 5b, 5c, active jet surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c, etc.) are automatically calculated by the simulation software program - based on the above-mentioned finite element models of the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c and the labeling of the furnace 4
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a plurality of body surface elements 21, 22, 23 used in the simulation.
- each Element 21, 22, 23 uses a certain number of search directions (here indicated by the arrows S1, S2, S3, S4 or the arrows S1 ', S2').
- the search directions are, for example each defined with respect to the normal vector nl, n2, n3 and a middle point of the respective body surface element 21, 22, 23
- search directions is used in each case for a plurality of body surface elements 21, 22, 23, in particular for all elements 21, 22, 23, e.g. four to eight, in particular six different search directions.
- the various search directions used for a specific body surface element 21, 22, 23 are distributed in space (or essentially gold-based) in space (thus, each adjacent search direction of the search direction used for a specific body surface element 21, 22, 23 are search directions) arranged with a certain solid angle ⁇ which is identical for all adjacent search directions of the respective element 21, 22, 23 - bd use of, for example, six different search directions per body surface element 21, 22, 23 indicate the arrows S1 assigned to the respective search directions, S2, S3, S4 then into the corners of an isocahedron centrally surrounding the respective element 21, 22, 23.)
- the orientation of the search directions of two adjacent body surface elements 21, 22 with respect to the respective normal vector nl, n2, n3 is rotated by a certain angle, for example between 5 ° and 45 °, in particular between 10 ° and 35 °
- the search direction S1 used in the first element 21 includes a winkd ⁇ relative to the normal vector nl
- the simulation software program determines whether and if so, at what distance from the respective body surface element 21, 22, 23 - from the respective body surface element 21, 22, 23 lying on line of sight - a further body surface element 24 is arranged, or whether in this direction - visible from the respective body surface element 21, 22, 23 - a component of the furnace is arranged (and if so, what kind of furnace) Component, and the distance this furnace component is from the respective body surface element 21, 22, 23 - this allows, for example, the strength of the effect of the respective furnace component on the respective body surface element 21, 22, 23 to be estimated) ,
- a further body surface element 24 is arranged in a “visible way” (further, possibly behind the body surface element 24) on the extension of the chain line T1, ie the dotted line U1 - body surface elements or furnace components are covered by the body surface element 24 and are not taken into account by the software program).
- the determination of the thermal boundary conditions associated with a specific body surface element 22, 23, 24 is thus carried out by starting from the respective body surface element 22, 23, 24 in certain search directions S1, S2, S3, S4 the surroundings are "searched" for further body surface elements or furnace components.
- search directions S1, S2, S3, S4 starting from the respective body surface element 22, 23, 24 are used here, but search directions S, S 'emanating from the nozzle 5a examined in each case. Dabd, significantly more search directions are used for each nozzle 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d than bd for the body surface elements 22, 23, 24 (for example, from each nozzle or row of nozzles to each central point of a body surface element 22, 23, 24.
- the simulation software program determines, on the one hand, for each search direction S, S 'of each nozzle 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d whether and if so, with the distance from the nozzle 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d - from the respective nozzle 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d from visible - body surface elements 21, 22, 23, 24 are arranged (this applies here, for example, to body surface element 24 (search direction S "), and also, for example, to body surface element 23 (Search direction S)).
- the Smuktions-So_-bv - reprog -tmm additionally determines whether body surface elements 21, 22, 23, 24 are arranged in the scattering nozzle of the jet air flow (this applies here, for example, to body surface element 22 (arrow S " ), and for example for the body surface elements 21 (arrow S ')).
- the strength of the effect of the respective nozzle 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d on the respective body surface element 21, 22 lying in the airflow scattering roof is estimated (for example, based on the size of the scattering angle ⁇ - the smaller the scattering angle ⁇ , the more greater the effect of the nozzle 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d -, and on the basis of the distance of the respective body surface element 21, 22 from the airflow-scattering surface element 24, and its distance from the nozzle 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d).
- the vehicle bodies 2a, 2b, 2c are transported through the furnace 4 at a specific (constant, or alternatively: variable) feed speed v.
- a specific (constant, or alternatively: variable) feed speed v the effect of a single nozzle 5a is achieved by the simulation software program used here so approximated that instead of the individual nozzle 5a, a row of nozzles comprising several nozzles and lying on a line parallel to the direction of advance is expected, the effect of which on a particular body surface element is independent of the Zdt (ie it is done as rest the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c with respect to the furnace 4 or with respect to the row of nozzles (ie as the feed speed is 0 km / h)).
- the above-described procedure assigns the individual body surface elements 21, 22, 23, 24 to the individual body surface elements 21, 22, 23, 24 according to the best position criteria described above, thermal boundary condition parameters (position in the range of action of nozzles 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d (and strength of the respective effect, position in the effective range of heated jet surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c (and strength of the respective effect), Position in the range of effects of black ray surfaces 7a, 7b, 7c (and strength of the respective effect), etc.).
- the sirection software program automatically determines whether a) the respective body surface element is (predominantly) “frd”, that is to say interactively with the ambient air (this applies, for example, to the passenger compartment) associated body surface elements), or whether b) the respective body surface element is (essentially) enclosed by the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c (ie no or very little ambient air interacts with the respective element), or whether it occurs c) around a body surface element (e.g. a body surface element of the trunk), which - although essentially enclosed by the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c - nevertheless interacts to a considerable extent with the ambient air (e.g. because in the trunk large ventilation openings are provided, through which ambient air can get into the trunk) - or in wdch
- the extent of a certain body surface element lies between the “extreme cases” a) and c) mentioned
- the respective body surface element is heated strongly by convection-based heat transport for the air swirled by the influence of the nozzle - see the above.
- Formd (2) - This heat flow due to the convection is then mostly large in relation to the heat flow due to the radiation - see the above.
- Formd (1) - the heating of the respective body surface element may take place predominantly via heat radiation, specifically by means of heat radiating body surface elements arranged in the vicinity of the respective body surface element.
- the above-mentioned variables are adjusted - separately for each body surface element - depending on the thermal boundary conditions parameters determined for the respective body surface element (position in the range of action of nozzles 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d (and strength of the respective one Effect), position in the area of action of heated jet surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c (and strength of the respective action), position in the area of action of black-black areas 7a, 7b, 7c (and strength of the respective action), position in relation to other body surface elements, etc.).
- Bd of the body surface elements enclosed by the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c (above cases b) and c)) is as described above bd the adaptation of the above.
- the adaptation of the above Variables bd of the body surface elements enclosed by the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c additionally take into account that these are not heated, or only reactively weakly, by heat transport based on convection, because the surrounding space hinders the air movement
- the amount of heating based on convection is estimated by estimating the size of the cavity enclosed by the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c, in which the respective body surface element lies (or, as explained above, the distance of the respective body surface element). Elements of the body surface elements surrounding this element).
- the ambient temperature T ⁇ gldch the temperature of the furnace air outside the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c is not assumed that the ambient temperature T ⁇ gldch the temperature of the furnace air outside the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c is Instead, it is assumed that the ambient temperature bd of the body surface elements enclosed by the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c (for example cases b) and c)) is an average of the temperature of the furnace air outside the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c, and the temperature of the body surface elements surrounding the respective body surface element.
- the temperature of the furnace air outside the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c is weighted the higher (and the temperature of the body surface elements surrounding the respective body surface element is lower), the greater that of the vehicle body 2a, 2b, 2c is enclosed cavity in which the respective body surface element lies (or the greater the distance of the respective body surface element from the body surface elements surrounding this element).
- T y is adapted to the convection calculation used for the radiation, unless this would exceed a predetermined threshold value T s (eg the temperature of the heated radiation surfaces 6a, 6b, 6c) ).
- the body temperature is a function of the Zdt Gldchddtig the convection boundary conditions are a function of the body temperature.
- the estimated temperature values T 1, ′ then serve to update corresponding thermal boundary condition parameters corresponding to the temperature of body surface elements in the manner described above.
- the adapted convection calculation form used in each case for the various body surface elements is then updated accordingly (ie an updated, adapted ambient temperature variable T ⁇ 'is used, or in addition an updated, adapted heat transfer coefficient ⁇ ").
- the temperature of the respective body surface element ie based on a (square) extraction calculation using temporally preceding temperature values , here the temperature values T ⁇ o , T K1 and T ⁇ of the respective body surface element) whose temperature is estimated at a further point t j following the time t ⁇ (temperature T ⁇ .
- the estimated temperature values T ⁇ ' serve to update the corresponding thermal boundary condition parameters which are dependent on the temperature of the body surface elements.
- the adapted convection calculation form used for the various body surface elements is then updated accordingly (as described above) (ie an updated, adapted ambient temperature variable Tu '"is used, or, if appropriate, an additional one updated, adapted heat transfer coefficient ⁇ '").
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03706348A EP1461733A2 (de) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur simulation von wärmetransportprozessen |
AU2003208318A AU2003208318A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Device and method for simulating heat transport processes |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10200090A DE10200090A1 (de) | 2002-01-03 | 2002-01-03 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Simulation von wärmetransportprozessen |
DE10200090.5 | 2002-01-03 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003056471A2 true WO2003056471A2 (de) | 2003-07-10 |
WO2003056471A3 WO2003056471A3 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
Family
ID=7711480
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/000036 WO2003056471A2 (de) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur simulation von wärmetransportprozessen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1461733A2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003208318A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10200090A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003056471A2 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202005001702U1 (de) * | 2005-02-02 | 2006-06-14 | Sata Farbspritztechnik Gmbh & Co.Kg | Virtuelles Lackiersystem und Farbspritzpistole |
WO2011006945A1 (de) * | 2009-07-17 | 2011-01-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur simulation eines betriebes einer technischen anlage anhand von zustandsgrössen |
EP2998803A4 (de) * | 2013-05-14 | 2017-02-01 | Omron Corporation | Simulationsverfahren, aufzeichnungsmedium mit darauf gespeichertem simulationsprogramm, simulationsvorrichtung und system |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5644687A (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1997-07-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods and system for thermal analysis of electronic packages |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10324919A (ja) * | 1997-05-26 | 1998-12-08 | Nkk Corp | 加熱炉の設計方法 |
-
2002
- 2002-01-03 DE DE10200090A patent/DE10200090A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-01-03 AU AU2003208318A patent/AU2003208318A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-03 EP EP03706348A patent/EP1461733A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-03 WO PCT/EP2003/000036 patent/WO2003056471A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5644687A (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1997-07-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods and system for thermal analysis of electronic packages |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
LINDHOLM D ET AL: 'A finite element method for solution of the three-dimensional time-dependent heat-conduction equation with application for heating of steels in reheating furnaces' NUMER. HEAT TRANSF. A, APPL. (UK), NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER, PART A (APPLICATIONS), TAYLOR & FRANCIS, UK Bd. 35, Nr. 2, 12 Februar 1999, Seiten 155 - 172, XP008028473 ISSN: 1040-7782 * |
ZHANG H ET AL: 'An advanced numerical scheme for materials process modeling' COMPUT. MODEL. SIMUL. ENG. (USA), COMPUTER MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING, SAGE SCIENCE PRESS, USA Bd. 2, Nr. 3, August 1997, Seiten 322 - 343, XP008028450 ISSN: 1083-3455 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202005001702U1 (de) * | 2005-02-02 | 2006-06-14 | Sata Farbspritztechnik Gmbh & Co.Kg | Virtuelles Lackiersystem und Farbspritzpistole |
WO2011006945A1 (de) * | 2009-07-17 | 2011-01-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur simulation eines betriebes einer technischen anlage anhand von zustandsgrössen |
EP2998803A4 (de) * | 2013-05-14 | 2017-02-01 | Omron Corporation | Simulationsverfahren, aufzeichnungsmedium mit darauf gespeichertem simulationsprogramm, simulationsvorrichtung und system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003208318A8 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
DE10200090A1 (de) | 2003-07-24 |
AU2003208318A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
WO2003056471A3 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
EP1461733A2 (de) | 2004-09-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AT396217B (de) | Vorrichtung zum anheizen von rohlingen aus thermoplastischem material | |
EP1976680B1 (de) | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen objektes mittels eines beschichters für pulverförmiges aufbaumaterial | |
DE19907497C2 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Substraten | |
EP3285988B1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen objekts | |
DE112014006196T5 (de) | Erzeugen dreidimensionaler Objekte | |
DE102013004131B4 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einer Beschichtung einer Fahrzeugkarosserie | |
WO2021098898A2 (de) | 3d-druckvorrichtung mit vorteilhafter bauraumgeometrie | |
DE102010023679B4 (de) | Strahlungstrockner und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Strahlungstrockners | |
DE102019007982A1 (de) | 3D-Druckvorrichtung mit vorteilhafter Strahlereinheit und Verfahren | |
EP1461733A2 (de) | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur simulation von wärmetransportprozessen | |
EP2773914B1 (de) | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum temperieren von gegenständen | |
EP3922440A1 (de) | Verfahren zur generierung eines bestrahlungssteuerdatensatzes für eine vorrichtung zur additiven fertigung | |
EP1762802B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Trocknung einer auf einem Kraftfahrzeug-Bauteil aufgebrachten Lackschicht sowie Trocknungssystem hierfür | |
DE102017127148A1 (de) | Bestrahlungsstreifensortierung | |
WO2020038688A1 (de) | Verfahren zum additiven herstellen einer mehrzahl von kraftfahrzeugbauteilen | |
DE60209953T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Mehrschichtbeschichtung | |
EP1468338B1 (de) | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur simulation von produktionsprozessen, insbesondere von oberfl chenbehandlungsverfahren | |
DE102011119733A1 (de) | Infrarot-Trocknungsanlage | |
EP0203377A1 (de) | Blastunnel zum Trocknen von lackierten Werkstücken | |
DE102012018296B3 (de) | Verfahren und Anlage zum Beschichten von Gegenständen | |
AT520316B1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufschäumen eines expansionsfähigen Partikelschaummaterials | |
WO2021074188A1 (de) | Verfahren zum betreiben einer einrichtung zur additiven herstellung eines dreidimensionalen objekts sowie verfahren zum erstellen eines prozessfensters zur durchführung des vorgenannten verfahrens | |
EP1655121A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Kunststoff-Formfolien | |
WO2019201498A1 (de) | Selektive nachbelichtung | |
DE102011116849B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Kalibrieren einer Heizeinrichtung von Thermoformmaschinen |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2003706348 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 164291 Country of ref document: IL |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2003706348 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 164413 Country of ref document: IL |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 164536 Country of ref document: IL |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 164713 Country of ref document: IL |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: JP |