WO2003052941A2 - Breitbandiger sigma-delta modulator - Google Patents
Breitbandiger sigma-delta modulator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003052941A2 WO2003052941A2 PCT/EP2002/014596 EP0214596W WO03052941A2 WO 2003052941 A2 WO2003052941 A2 WO 2003052941A2 EP 0214596 W EP0214596 W EP 0214596W WO 03052941 A2 WO03052941 A2 WO 03052941A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sigma
- signal
- delta
- delta modulator
- input signal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
- H03M7/3002—Conversion to or from differential modulation
- H03M7/3004—Digital delta-sigma modulation
- H03M7/3006—Compensating for, or preventing of, undesired influence of physical parameters
- H03M7/3011—Compensating for, or preventing of, undesired influence of physical parameters of non-linear distortion, e.g. by temporarily adapting the operation upon detection of instability conditions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
- H03M7/3002—Conversion to or from differential modulation
- H03M7/3004—Digital delta-sigma modulation
- H03M7/3015—Structural details of digital delta-sigma modulators
- H03M7/302—Structural details of digital delta-sigma modulators characterised by the number of quantisers and their type and resolution
- H03M7/3022—Structural details of digital delta-sigma modulators characterised by the number of quantisers and their type and resolution having multiple quantisers arranged in cascaded loops, each of the second and further loops processing the quantisation error of the loop preceding it, i.e. multiple stage noise shaping [MASH] type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
- H03M7/3002—Conversion to or from differential modulation
- H03M7/3004—Digital delta-sigma modulation
- H03M7/3015—Structural details of digital delta-sigma modulators
- H03M7/3031—Structural details of digital delta-sigma modulators characterised by the order of the loop filter, e.g. having a first order loop filter in the feedforward path
- H03M7/3042—Structural details of digital delta-sigma modulators characterised by the order of the loop filter, e.g. having a first order loop filter in the feedforward path the modulator being of the error feedback type, i.e. having loop filter stages in the feedback path only
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sigma-delta modulator for converting broadband digital input signals according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a digital input signal with 2 N signal states and a fixed sampling frequency f a is usually converted into an analog signal that is in the frequency range -f a / 2 up to + f a / 2 should match the digital signal as well as possible.
- the digital signal is interpolated by digital filters and so-called sigma-delta modulators are used in the digital-to-analog converters , significantly reduce the bit width of the digital signal at an increased sampling frequency and transform the thereby increased quantization noise into previously unused frequency ranges.
- sigma-delta modulators which achieve a higher-order shaping of the noise signal by IIR filters (Infinite Impulse Response Filters), are particularly efficient.
- a digital-to-analog converter using an IIR filter as an interpolating element and one or more sigma-delta modulators for converting the interpolated signals is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,786,779.
- a cascaded sigma-delta modulator for a digital-to-analog converter is also shown in DE 197 22 434 CI.
- a detailed description of the structure and mode of operation of sigma-delta modulators is given in SR Norswothy, R. Schreier, G. Te es: "Delta-Sigma Data Converters, Theory, Design and Simulation", IEEE Press 1997, ISBN 0-7803 -1045-4, given.
- cascaded structures of first and / or second order are used, which are multi-level and therefore have a stable operating behavior.
- the sigma-delta modulator for converting digital input signals xk) can have a first feedback loop of a spectrally shaped output signal y (k) from the sigma-delta modulator and a second feedback loop of a spectrally shaped difference signal e (k) from an intermediate signal u (k ) and the output signal y (k) wherein the intermediate signal u (k) is the difference signal of the input signal x (k) and the sum signal r (k) of the first and second feedback loops, a quantizer based on the intermediate signal u (k) the output signal y (k) determined and where k is the discrete independent time variable.
- the quantization noise in the low frequency range is evaluated particularly strongly in the target function used.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of increasing the stability in the case of sigma-delta modulators or in the cascading of sigma-delta modulators and thus generating sigma-delta modulators with a higher useful signal bandwidth.
- the sigma-delta converter comprises means for generating a transit time difference between the output signal y (k) and the input signal x.k).
- the result of the sigma-delta modulator is not based exclusively on the instantaneous value of x (k), but rather several in time for the decision of the quantizer for an output signal shifted values used.
- the decision of the sigma-delta modulator is less arbitrarily subjected to the current state and the quantization noise in the useful band can be reduced. This leads to a more stable behavior of the sigma-delta converter, so that with increasing stability, signals with a larger useful signal bandwidth can also be processed.
- At least one delay element for generating a running time difference between the output signal y (k) and the input signal x (k) are provided, the at least one delay element causing a delay time difference dependent on the discrete time variable k clock cycles, a clock cycle being the difference between two successive time variables k and k-1.
- the delay element can be used to control how many successive, ie time-shifted, values are included in the decision of the quantizer for an output signal. This means that the time averaging depth can be varied by the delay element.
- the causality of the sigma-delta modulator is retained through the use of delay elements for temporally shifting the signals.
- this can be at least one
- Delay element can be arranged such that the input signal x (k) is delayed before forming the difference signal from the input signal x (k) and the sum signal r (k) of the first and second feedback loops.
- An evaluation unit is advantageously connected upstream of the quantizer, the result signal p (k) from the evaluation unit being supplied to the quantizer as an input signal.
- the decision of the quantizer is thus made not only on the basis of an instantaneous value, but also on “future” or “past” values; neighboring input values are averaged so that the decision of the sigma-delta modulator is not subject to the peak values of current states.
- the averaging in the evaluation unit can be selected appropriately in accordance with the desired configuration of the sigma-delta modulator.
- the peak values smoothed by averaging lead to a limitation in the spectral range
- Quantization noise to a smaller spectral range, since the averaging reevaluates the values that change quickly over time (high frequency).
- the useful signals thus have a spectrally higher useful bandwidth that is not disturbed by the spectral influences of the quantization noise.
- Averaging the predictor thus leads to a reduction in the quantization noise since the peak values are smoothed, and this reduction in the quantization noise implies a larger useful signal bandwidth.
- the evaluation unit can also be called a predictor.
- the evaluation unit can have inputs for the input signal x.k), the intermediate signal u (k) and the
- Output signal y (k) and an output for the result signal p (k) include. These inputs make it possible to make the evaluation algorithm of the evaluation unit dependent on all parameters which are generally available in a sigma-delta modulator. These parameters depend in particular on the spectral shaping of the feedback signals by means of filters, which can be selected in accordance with the desired configuration of the sigma-delta modulator.
- the evaluation algorithm can also be referred to as a prediction algorithm.
- the quantizer maps its input signal p (k) to an output signal y (k) with four, preferably two, signal states.
- the stability of the sigma-delta modulator according to the invention is increased even with a small number of signal states of the output signal.
- the maximum reduction of the signal states to only two output signal states leads in the known sigma Delta modulators are particularly frequent and pronounced with instabilities, so that the maximum reduction in the signal states of the output signal is the most effective application of the present invention.
- At least two sigma-delta modulators to be arranged in cascade, with at least one cascade stage comprising a sigma-delta modulator with an evaluation unit or predictor.
- the sigma-delta modulators of the cascade can in particular be arranged such that in the sigma-delta modulator of the cascade level i, with 1 ⁇ i ⁇ (number of cascade levels minus one), the difference signal is coupled out and in the cascade level i + 1 is used as an input signal.
- cascaded sigma-delta converters allow an increase in the maximum modulation amplitude of the input signal x (k).
- the cascading leads to easier implementation, since the order of the sigma-delta modulator can be reduced due to the cascading.
- the expansion of a sigma-delta modulator with i cascade levels to a sigma-delta modulator with i + 1 cascade levels is done by simply adding a cascade level without changing the structure of previous levels.
- the sigma-delta modulators according to the invention can in principle be used in all suitable sigma-delta converters.
- the sigma-delta modulators according to the invention can be used for digital-to-analog conversion.
- the sigma-delta modulators according to the invention can also be used for analog-to-digital conversion.
- the sigma-delta converter for analog-to-digital conversion comprises an analog-to-digital converter and, downstream of this, a sigma-delta modulator according to the invention as described above.
- the runtime element can be implemented, for example, in SC technology (switched capacitor).
- the sigma-delta converter can be produced using CMOS technology (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Silicon). This applies to both digital-to-analog conversion and analog-to-digital conversion.
- CMOS technology Complementary Metal-Oxide-Silicon
- the sigma-delta converters according to the invention for digital-to-analog conversion as well as for analog-to-digital conversion are outstandingly suitable for use in a radio communication system.
- the sigma-delta converter is used for digital-to-analog conversion in radio communication transmitting devices and also for analog-to-digital conversion in radio communication receiving devices.
- Fig. 1 a sigma-delta modulator according to the prior art
- G (z) spectrally shaped.
- the intermediate signal u (k) results as a difference signal from the input signal xk) and the feedback sum signal rk) from the useful signal y (k) shaped with lG (Z) and the noise signal e (k) shaped with lH (z) Quantize Q.
- the decision algorithm of the sigma-delta modulators is now expanded by a decision unit - hereinafter referred to as predictor P - with a prediction algorithm, which is shown in FIG. 2.
- the input signal x (k) is delayed by a certain time, which is represented by the delay element Z.
- the delay element Z causes a v-fold delay by the clock cycle z "1 and is therefore symbolized with z " v .
- the undelayed input signal x (k), as well as the time-delayed intermediate signal u (k) and output signal y (k) of the quantizer Q are fed to the predictor P and thus to the prediction algorithm, whose output signal p (k) corresponds to the states assumed by the quantizer Q. certainly.
- Quantization noise in the useful band can be reduced
- u (k) x (k-2) + 3e (kl) -3e (k-2) + e (k-3)
- ü + l (k) x (kl) + 3u (k) -3e (kl ) + e (k-2)
- ü +2 (k) x (k) + 3ü + l (k) -3u (k) + e (kl)
- the decision process not only includes the current output value of the sigma-delta modulator, but rather also the range of values of future input signals x (k) and decisions.
- y (k) is chosen so that y (k + ⁇ ) and y (k + 2) can largely compensate for it again in the next time steps. This stabilizes the previously unstable sigma-delta modulator.
- ü +2 (k) x (k) + 3ü +2 (k - 1) - 3ü +2 (k - 2) + ü +2 (k - 3) + ⁇ 0y (k - 1) - ⁇ 5y ( k - 2) + 6y (k - 3)
- Modulators are made available to the next one as an input signal.
- the mode of operation of the conditioned cascaded sigma-delta modulator is shown below on the basis of the application of a 1-bit output signal in a third-order sigma-delta modulator.
- the third stage of the conditioned cascaded sigma-delta modulator considered below receives e 2 (k) as the input signal and, for reasons of stability, was used in the application example shown in DE 199 37 246 AI only with a three-stage sigma-delta output signal.
- Fig. 4 illustrates the problem occurring for the application shown in DE 199 37 246 AI.
- Fig. 4 a shows an exemplary course of the input signal of the third stage. This signal is added up by the digital integrator implicitly contained in the sigma-delta modulator ( ⁇ k e 2 (k) in FIG. 4 b)). It can be seen that large numerical values of the integrated signal can occur. Ideally, the decision output signal y 3 (k) should now counteract this behavior. Due to the additional condition that the output signal y (k) should be two-stage, not all times for a change in the state of y 3 (k) are allowed. As an example, the permitted switching times are indicated by arrows in FIG. 4 b).
- FIG. 4 c) shows in the signal ⁇ k e 2 (k) -y 2 (k) the behavior when the possible switching operations occur favorably.
- the third stage error signal is visibly lowered.
- FIG. 4 c) illustrates the case in which the switching operation is only permitted after a delay, and as a result a large increase in the error signal occurs.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/499,521 US7030797B2 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2002-12-19 | Broadband sigma-delta modulator |
EP02793092A EP1456955B1 (de) | 2001-12-19 | 2002-12-19 | Breitbandiger sigma-delta modulator |
DE50205069T DE50205069D1 (de) | 2001-12-19 | 2002-12-19 | Breitbandiger sigma-delta modulator |
AU2002358773A AU2002358773A1 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2002-12-19 | Broadband sigma-delta modulator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01130334.4 | 2001-12-19 | ||
EP01130334A EP1333583A1 (de) | 2001-12-19 | 2001-12-19 | Breitbandiger Sigma-Delta-Modulator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003052941A2 true WO2003052941A2 (de) | 2003-06-26 |
WO2003052941A3 WO2003052941A3 (de) | 2003-12-31 |
Family
ID=8179610
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/014596 WO2003052941A2 (de) | 2001-12-19 | 2002-12-19 | Breitbandiger sigma-delta modulator |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7030797B2 (de) |
EP (2) | EP1333583A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100527636C (de) |
AU (1) | AU2002358773A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50205069D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003052941A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7061989B2 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2006-06-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Fully digital transmitter including a digital band-pass sigma-delta modulator |
US9300261B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2016-03-29 | Nvidia Corporation | Method and apparatus for efficient load biasing |
US7548178B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2009-06-16 | Nvidia Corporation | Method and apparatus for ADC size and performance optimization |
US7782237B2 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2010-08-24 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Semiconductor sensor circuit arrangement |
US7880654B2 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2011-02-01 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Continuous-time sigma-delta modulator with multiple feedback paths having independent delays |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5055843A (en) * | 1990-01-31 | 1991-10-08 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Sigma delta modulator with distributed prefiltering and feedback |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4692715A (en) * | 1986-03-03 | 1987-09-08 | Spence Lewis C | Constant frequency signal generator circuit and method |
US6225928B1 (en) * | 1999-03-10 | 2001-05-01 | Cirrus Logic Inc. | Complex bandpass modulator and method for analog-to-digital converters |
DE19937246B4 (de) | 1999-08-06 | 2005-12-22 | Siemens Ag | Kaskadierter Sigma-Delta-Modulator |
JP2002025202A (ja) * | 2000-07-06 | 2002-01-25 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | クロック抽出回路 |
US6587061B2 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2003-07-01 | Linear Technology Corporation | Analog computation circuits using synchronous demodulation and power meters and energy meters using the same |
-
2001
- 2001-12-19 EP EP01130334A patent/EP1333583A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-12-19 AU AU2002358773A patent/AU2002358773A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-19 WO PCT/EP2002/014596 patent/WO2003052941A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-19 US US10/499,521 patent/US7030797B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-19 EP EP02793092A patent/EP1456955B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-19 CN CNB028254007A patent/CN100527636C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-19 DE DE50205069T patent/DE50205069D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5055843A (en) * | 1990-01-31 | 1991-10-08 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Sigma delta modulator with distributed prefiltering and feedback |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003052941A3 (de) | 2003-12-31 |
CN1605159A (zh) | 2005-04-06 |
EP1333583A1 (de) | 2003-08-06 |
AU2002358773A8 (en) | 2003-06-30 |
CN100527636C (zh) | 2009-08-12 |
EP1456955B1 (de) | 2005-11-23 |
AU2002358773A1 (en) | 2003-06-30 |
US20050088326A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
DE50205069D1 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
US7030797B2 (en) | 2006-04-18 |
EP1456955A2 (de) | 2004-09-15 |
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