WO2003046449A1 - Procede et dispositif de production de froid au moyen d'energie solaire - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de production de froid au moyen d'energie solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003046449A1
WO2003046449A1 PCT/EP2002/013436 EP0213436W WO03046449A1 WO 2003046449 A1 WO2003046449 A1 WO 2003046449A1 EP 0213436 W EP0213436 W EP 0213436W WO 03046449 A1 WO03046449 A1 WO 03046449A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar
refrigeration
desorber
collector
koni
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2002/013436
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marcus Reuss
Peter Noeres
Daniel HÖLDER
Bernd Dietz
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10240659A external-priority patent/DE10240659B4/de
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority to AU2002352174A priority Critical patent/AU2002352174A1/en
Publication of WO2003046449A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003046449A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • F25B27/007—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in sorption type systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/04—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for solar thermal refrigeration according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for performing such a method.
  • Processes for thermal cooling are part of the known prior art and are used primarily in the context of the recovery of waste heat and the associated secondary energy. Reference is made to a method for the use of waste heat from heating power plants according to the teaching according to DE 199 40 465 AI. Here, an absorption refrigeration device is described, which among other things. is also used for cooling a photovoltaic device.
  • Thermal refrigeration processes can be used wherever there is sufficient thermal energy, either in the form of waste heat or as primary energy.
  • thermal refrigeration processes results from the fact that energy forms which are otherwise unused in the environment, in particular thermal energy, can be used for technical purposes.
  • higher-quality forms of energy such as electrical energy or chemical energy stored in fuels, can be saved and / or the environmental pollution associated with energy generation due to pollutant emissions or carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced.
  • Thermal cooling processes therefore play an important role in energy projects for the purpose of environmental protection.
  • the method proposed here is used for solar thermal cooling and can e.g. for storage cooling, food cooling, air conditioning using ice stores, production of artificial snow, provision of cold for pumpable brine-ice mixtures as well as for process cooling.
  • Another interesting energy saving effect of solar thermal refrigeration is that the regenerative solar energy available in nature is as possible can be used directly and not via the detour of generating electricity.
  • the object on which the invention is based is therefore to specify an inexpensive and effective method and a device for cooling, which is based on the use of solar energy.
  • the object of the invention is achieved with a method for solar thermal refrigeration according to claim 1, wherein the subclaims contain at least useful refinements and developments.
  • the method is based on the principle of a two-stage absorption refrigerator known per se.
  • This comprises a refrigerant circulating in a refrigerant circuit, as well as an absorption or solvent circulating in two solvent circuits, together with evaporator, condenser, two expellers and two absorbers.
  • the thermal energy required for operating the desorber is collected in the form of solar energy within a solar heating system and supplied to the absorption medium in the solar heating system.
  • the method according to the invention can thus be used in any case emission-free and independent of existing electrical and district heating supply networks.
  • the cooling is preferably carried out continuously as part of the method.
  • an absorption chiller is used as the refrigeration system, which is designed as a two-stage water-ammonia AKM.
  • the mixture of substances called absorbent and refrigerant is separated within the solar heating system by their different evaporation temperatures in a desorber.
  • the refrigerant will then liquefied in a condenser and evaporated in an evaporator, whereby heat is extracted from the environment. Then the refrigerant vapor is absorbed again by the absorbent.
  • the absorption medium heated in the solar heating system can in principle be used for other purposes.
  • a parabolic trough collector is provided as part of a desorber, the focal point of which is extended to a focal line by the extruded parabolic shape of a collector mirror.
  • a heating section is thus formed within the focal line of the collector mirror, in which the absorbent flowing through is continuously heated.
  • the use of the parabolic trough collector is a particularly easy to implement, therefore inexpensive and particularly efficient due to the high concentration factor of the solar thermal energy within the focal line of the collector mirror of the solar thermal energy use.
  • Ammonia water is used as the working pair. This system has been known for a long time and can be mastered with existing technology. Both substances are available at low cost. Ammonia can be used without any problems, since with existing technology and due to the low odor threshold, NH3 leakages can be detected early.
  • a refrigerant is cooled in the evaporator to transport the cold to the actual place of use, then transported to the customer site and then returned to the evaporator.
  • the coolant can be an aqueous brine, water at temperatures above 0 ° C or a pumpable water (brine) - ice system. With this process, coolant temperatures down to -40 ° C are possible under favorable conditions.
  • the arrangement of the condenser and the absorber is actively cooled.
  • the active cooling of the condensers and / or the absorbers takes place by means of a liquid flow, for example a cooling water circuit.
  • cooling can be carried out by means of evaporative cooling systems.
  • this is designed by air cooling.
  • the refrigerant / absorbent / vapor mixture is passed over a heat exchange surface, which enables the most intensive possible thermal contact with the surrounding air.
  • the invention is formed by an arrangement of a desorber of an absorption refrigeration machine, which contains a heating section, which is located in a combustion zone of a solar collector or collector field and through which a medium flows, with a coupling to an arrangement comprising at least one rectification column and / or a steam separator, these components are connected in a solar circuit.
  • the solar collector or the collector array is expediently designed as a parabolic collector array with a linear tubular heating section.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic overview of an embodiment of the solar thermal refrigeration according to the invention, including, among other things, a solar heating system designed as a parabolic trough collector field as part of a desorber and
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a parabolic trough collector.
  • Fig. 1 shows a basic embodiment for solar thermal refrigeration.
  • a mixture of water and ammonia is circulated by means of a circulation pump P4, which flows through a parabolic trough collector field PRK in a plurality of line branches 2, 3, 4 and via a throttle valve VI
  • Flow path 5 is supplied to a desorber Des2 with a steam separator DA and a rectification column RK.
  • the solvent, water in the application example described here, is conducted via flow paths 6, 7, 8, 9 in a solvent circuit with the desorber Des2, a solution heat exchanger LWT2, an absorber Abs2 and a throttle valve V3, which is circulated by a solvent pump P2.
  • a further desorption process is provided, which is designated in FIG. 1 by the flow paths 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and which contains a desorber Desl, another solution heat exchanger LWT1, and another absorber Absl with a throttle valve V2, which is circulated by a further solvent pump Pl.
  • Absorber Abs2 from the first solvent circuit and Desorber Desl from the further solvent circuit are included via a heat transfer circuit O
  • Flow paths 16, 17 coupled, which is driven by a circulation pump P3 and in which heat is transported from the absorber Abs2 to the desorber Desl.
  • the ammonia expelled from the desorbers Des2 and Des2 is fed via the flow paths 11, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 to a refrigerant circuit, the one
  • the refrigerant circuit is connected to a circuit for cooling water 18, 19, which actively cools the absorber Absl and the condenser Koni, in a heat-transferring manner.
  • a coolant circuit 25, 26 is provided, which introduces the heat extracted from the environment into the evaporator Verl and is used, for example, as a coolant in the brine or cold water.
  • the Desorber Des2 provides the actual parabolic trough collector field PRK with the additional steam separator DA or
  • Ammonia is an uncritical medium compared to steel and the use of the two-stage process means that the operating pressures in a range of less than 25 bar overpressure are selected and therefore easy to control.
  • the almost water-free ammonia vapor released from the Desorber Des2 is deposited in the Koni condenser and expanded into the evaporator via the throttle valve V4.
  • the low-ammonia solution flowing out of the desorber Des2 flows into the absorber Abs2.
  • ammonia evaporating at low vapor pressure is absorbed again from the evaporator Verl.
  • the heat of absorption released in this process is conveyed via the heat transfer circuit into the further solvent circuit to the desorber Desl.
  • the heat transfer circuit into the further solvent circuit to the desorber Desl.
  • the solvent cycle has a significantly lower average water content, so that ammonia can be expelled from the solution at almost the same temperature level as in Absorber Abs2.
  • the steam released in the Desorber Desl is also deposited in the condenser Koni together with the steam from the Desorber Des2.
  • the solution depleted in ammonia from the desorber Desl is conveyed to the absorber Absl at a low pressure level. There the absorber takes up some of the ammonia released in the evaporator.
  • the solution, now enriched with ammonia, is conveyed back to the desorber and the solution cycle closes.
  • the solution cycle composed of Desorber Des2 and Absorber Abs2 works analogously.
  • temperature changers are used both in the solution circles and in the line between the condenser Koni and the evaporator Verl. These can partially compensate for the heat loss from the higher to the lower temperature or pressure level.
  • FIG. 2 shows the parabolic trough collector PRK used for steam generation in more detail.
  • a trough-shaped parabolic rail PS the cross section of which is essentially parabolic and the surface of which is reflective, produces a focal line in which there is a heating tube HR, through which the absorption medium flows continuously.
  • the absorption medium W occurs in liquid form as condensate W-KON.
  • the application example described here and shown in FIG. 1 is a mixture of ammonia and water.
  • the diameter of the header pipe, the throughput and the pipe lengths are determined in such a way that the medium reaches the desired pressures and temperatures in accordance with the required thermal performance, while maintaining the permissible flow velocities.
  • the medium can evaporate partially or not at all. In the latter case, a vapor container is connected downstream of the parabolic trough collector, in which flash evaporation with integrated rectification can take place.
  • air cooling can be carried out as active cooling, in which a fan continuously draws in air and ensures a continuous flow around the heat-emitting walls between the condenser Koni and the ambient air and prevents the formation of an insulating air layer. Even higher performance data and efficiencies are achieved if the process is recooled with river water, sea water or also with evaporative cooling systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production de froid au moyen d'énergie solaire, faisant de préférence intervenir des collecteurs à canaux paraboliques. Le processus du froid fait intervenir une machine frigorifique d'adsorption, notamment un processus d'absorption eau/NH3 à deux étapes. Ladite machine frigorifique est conçue pour être reliée directement à un champ de collecteurs à canaux paraboliques, et adaptée aux températures de fonctionnement élevées. Par ailleurs, ladite machine supporte des températures de rétro-refroidissement de 50 °C ou plus, ce qui est notamment d'importance dans des pays chauds. Comme le procédé selon l'invention permet d'atteindre des températures inférieures à 0 °C, le champ d'application de celui-ci se révèle très vaste.
PCT/EP2002/013436 2001-11-30 2002-11-28 Procede et dispositif de production de froid au moyen d'energie solaire WO2003046449A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002352174A AU2002352174A1 (en) 2001-11-30 2002-11-28 Method and device for solar thermal refrigeration

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10158824.0 2001-11-30
DE10158824 2001-11-30
DE10240659A DE10240659B4 (de) 2001-11-30 2002-09-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur solarthermischen Kälteerzeugung
DE10240659.6 2002-09-04

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003046449A1 true WO2003046449A1 (fr) 2003-06-05

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006005133A1 (fr) * 2004-07-13 2006-01-19 Darryl John Jones Appareil a un seul cycle permettant de condenser l'eau de l'air ambiant
ITMI20102290A1 (it) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-16 Marco Guerra Pompa di calore ad assorbimento multi-stadio e auto-adattante
US8479529B2 (en) 2007-08-09 2013-07-09 Millennium Energy Industries, Incorporated Two-stage low temperature air cooled adsorption cooling unit
CN105241112A (zh) * 2015-11-16 2016-01-13 泰山集团股份有限公司 槽式太阳能氨水吸收一体制冷机

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101520250B (zh) * 2009-03-26 2011-03-16 浙江大学 高效的两级吸收式制冷装置

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DE278076C (fr) * 1911-08-11
FR1134385A (fr) * 1955-05-12 1957-04-10 Const Frigorifiques Phenix Production du froid par machine à absorption combinée avec miroir de concentiationde l'énergie solaire
US3841738A (en) * 1973-10-19 1974-10-15 H Caplan Curved paper panel reflective structure
GB2063444A (en) * 1979-11-09 1981-06-03 Exxon Research Engineering Co Absorption Type Heat Pumps
US4326502A (en) * 1975-04-07 1982-04-27 Ljubomir Radenkovic Solar energy collecting system
WO1983000917A1 (fr) * 1981-08-28 1983-03-17 Chinnappa, James, Chandrasekaran, Virasinghe Installation de refroidissement
US4470269A (en) * 1981-11-18 1984-09-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Absorption refrigeration system utilizing low temperature heat source
US4493192A (en) * 1982-05-12 1985-01-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Operation device for absorption cold and warm water system utilizing solar heat
DE3808209A1 (de) * 1987-03-19 1988-09-29 Hitachi Shipbuilding Eng Co Absorptions-waermetauscher-einrichtung
JPH09250837A (ja) * 1996-03-15 1997-09-22 Ebara Corp 冷凍機
JPH11311459A (ja) * 1998-04-28 1999-11-09 Hitachi Ltd 吸収ヒートトランスフォーマ
JP2000230756A (ja) * 1999-02-08 2000-08-22 Daikin Ind Ltd 吸収式冷凍装置及び該吸収式冷凍装置を備えた冷凍システム
JP2001082823A (ja) * 1999-09-14 2001-03-30 Art Plan:Kk 吸収式冷暖房装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE278076C (fr) * 1911-08-11
FR1134385A (fr) * 1955-05-12 1957-04-10 Const Frigorifiques Phenix Production du froid par machine à absorption combinée avec miroir de concentiationde l'énergie solaire
US3841738A (en) * 1973-10-19 1974-10-15 H Caplan Curved paper panel reflective structure
US4326502A (en) * 1975-04-07 1982-04-27 Ljubomir Radenkovic Solar energy collecting system
GB2063444A (en) * 1979-11-09 1981-06-03 Exxon Research Engineering Co Absorption Type Heat Pumps
WO1983000917A1 (fr) * 1981-08-28 1983-03-17 Chinnappa, James, Chandrasekaran, Virasinghe Installation de refroidissement
US4470269A (en) * 1981-11-18 1984-09-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Absorption refrigeration system utilizing low temperature heat source
US4493192A (en) * 1982-05-12 1985-01-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Operation device for absorption cold and warm water system utilizing solar heat
DE3808209A1 (de) * 1987-03-19 1988-09-29 Hitachi Shipbuilding Eng Co Absorptions-waermetauscher-einrichtung
JPH09250837A (ja) * 1996-03-15 1997-09-22 Ebara Corp 冷凍機
JPH11311459A (ja) * 1998-04-28 1999-11-09 Hitachi Ltd 吸収ヒートトランスフォーマ
JP2000230756A (ja) * 1999-02-08 2000-08-22 Daikin Ind Ltd 吸収式冷凍装置及び該吸収式冷凍装置を備えた冷凍システム
JP2001082823A (ja) * 1999-09-14 2001-03-30 Art Plan:Kk 吸収式冷暖房装置

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006005133A1 (fr) * 2004-07-13 2006-01-19 Darryl John Jones Appareil a un seul cycle permettant de condenser l'eau de l'air ambiant
US8479529B2 (en) 2007-08-09 2013-07-09 Millennium Energy Industries, Incorporated Two-stage low temperature air cooled adsorption cooling unit
ITMI20102290A1 (it) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-16 Marco Guerra Pompa di calore ad assorbimento multi-stadio e auto-adattante
EP2466229A1 (fr) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-20 Marco Guerra Pompe à chaleur à absorption multi-niveaux auto-adaptable
US8881546B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2014-11-11 Marco Guerra Self-adapting multi-stage absorption heat pump
CN105241112A (zh) * 2015-11-16 2016-01-13 泰山集团股份有限公司 槽式太阳能氨水吸收一体制冷机

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