WO2003041207A1 - Batterie - Google Patents
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- WO2003041207A1 WO2003041207A1 PCT/JP2002/011668 JP0211668W WO03041207A1 WO 2003041207 A1 WO2003041207 A1 WO 2003041207A1 JP 0211668 W JP0211668 W JP 0211668W WO 03041207 A1 WO03041207 A1 WO 03041207A1
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- negative electrode
- lithium
- electrolyte
- battery
- battery according
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/06—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
- H01M6/10—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid with wound or folded electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery provided with an electrolyte in addition to a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- a lithium ion secondary battery using a material capable of inserting and extracting lithium (L i) such as a carbon material for a negative electrode. Since a lithium-ion secondary battery is designed so that lithium stored in the negative electrode material is always in an ion state, the energy density greatly depends on the number of lithium ions that can be stored in the negative electrode material. Therefore, it is considered that the energy density of the lithium ion secondary battery can be further improved by increasing the amount of lithium ions absorbed.
- the amount of occluded graphite which is currently the material that can most efficiently occlude and release lithium ions, is theoretically limited to 372 mAh in terms of electricity per gram. Recently, it has been raised to its limit by vigorous development activities.
- lithium secondary battery As a secondary battery capable of obtaining a high energy density, there is a lithium secondary battery in which lithium metal is used for the negative electrode and only the precipitation and dissolution of lithium metal are used for the negative electrode reaction.
- Lithium secondary batteries are larger theoretical electrochemical equivalent of lithium metal and 2 0 5 4 mA / cm 3 , since also corresponds to 2.5 times the graphite used in lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion secondary batteries Higher energy than It is expected that density can be obtained.
- many researchers have conducted research and development on the practical application of lithium secondary batteries (for example, edited by Lithium Batteries, Jean-Paul Gabano, Academic Press, 1 983, London, New York).
- the lithium secondary battery has a problem that the discharge capacity is significantly deteriorated when charging and discharging are repeated, and it is difficult to put the battery to practical use.
- This capacity deterioration is based on the fact that the lithium secondary battery utilizes the precipitation and dissolution reaction of lithium metal at the negative electrode, and the negative electrode of the negative electrode responds to lithium ions moving between the positive and negative electrodes during charging and discharging. This is because the volume greatly increases or decreases by the amount of the capacity, so that the volume of the negative electrode greatly changes, and the dissolution reaction and recrystallization reaction of the lithium metal crystal become difficult to reversibly proceed.
- the change in volume of the negative electrode increases as the energy density increases, and the deterioration of the capacity becomes even more remarkable.
- the present inventors have newly developed a secondary battery in which the capacity of the negative electrode includes a capacity component due to insertion and extraction of lithium and a capacity component due to precipitation and dissolution of lithium, and is represented by the sum of them (International Publication Gazette W 01/22519).
- a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is used for the negative electrode, and lithium is deposited on the surface of the carbon material during charging. According to this secondary battery, it is expected that the charge / discharge cycle characteristics will be improved while achieving a high energy density.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery capable of improving the chemical stability of an electrolyte and improving battery characteristics such as discharge capacity and charge / discharge cycle characteristics. It is in. Disclosure of the invention
- a battery according to the present invention includes an electrolyte together with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the capacity of the negative electrode includes a capacity component due to occlusion and desorption of light metal, and a capacity component due to deposition and dissolution of light metal, and
- the electrolyte contains at least one of the compounds shown in Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2.
- the reductive decomposition of the solvent is suppressed in the light metal occlusion / elimination reaction, and the reaction between the precipitated light metal and the solvent is prevented in the light metal precipitation / dissolution reaction. Therefore, the electrolyte has high chemical stability, a high discharge capacity can be obtained, and cycle characteristics and the like are improved.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of a wound electrode body in the secondary battery shown in FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 shows a sectional structure of a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- This secondary battery is a so-called cylindrical type, and a band-shaped positive electrode 21 and a negative electrode 22 are wound inside a substantially hollow cylindrical battery can 11 via a separator 23.
- Wound electrode body 20 The battery can 11 is made of, for example, iron to which nickel (N i) is attached, and has one end closed and the other end open.
- N i nickel
- a pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 are arranged perpendicularly to the wound peripheral surface so as to sandwich the wound electrode body 20.
- the open end of the battery can 11 has a battery cover 14, a safety valve mechanism 15 provided inside the battery cover 14, and a PTC element (Positive Temperature Coefficient: PTC element). ) 16 are attached by caulking through a gasket 17, and the inside of the battery can 11 is sealed.
- the battery cover 14 is made of, for example, the same material as the battery can 11.
- Safety valve mechanism 15 6 is electrically connected to the battery cover 14 via the battery cover 6, and when the internal pressure of the battery becomes higher than a certain level due to internal short circuit or external heating, the disk plate 15a is inverted and the battery cover 14 The electrical connection between the winding electrode body 20 and the spirally wound electrode body 20 is cut off.
- the heat-sensitive resistive element 16 limits the current by increasing the resistance value when the temperature rises, and prevents abnormal heat generation due to a large current, and is made of, for example, a barium titanate-based semiconductor ceramic. .
- the gasket 17 is made of, for example, an insulating material, and its surface is coated with asphalt.
- the wound electrode body 20 is wound around, for example, a center pin 24.
- the positive electrode 21 of the wound electrode body 20 is connected to a positive electrode lead 25 made of aluminum (A 1), and the negative electrode 22 is connected to a negative electrode lead 26 made of nickel or the like.
- the positive electrode lead 25 is electrically connected to the battery cover 14 by welding to the safety valve mechanism 15, and the negative electrode lead 26 is welded and electrically connected to the battery can 11.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of the spirally wound electrode body 20 shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode 21 has, for example, a structure in which a positive electrode mixture layer 21 b is provided on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector 21 a having a pair of opposing surfaces. Although not shown, the positive electrode mixture layer 21b may be provided only on one side of the positive electrode current collector 21a.
- the positive electrode current collector 21a has a thickness of, for example, about 5 zm to 50 m, and is made of a metal foil such as an aluminum foil, a nickel foil or a stainless steel foil.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 21 b has a thickness of, for example, 80 / m to 250 zm and is configured to include a positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium as a light metal.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 21b is the total thickness thereof.
- lithium-containing compounds such as lithium oxide, lithium sulfide, or an intercalation compound containing lithium are suitable. May be used.
- M is preferably one or more transition metals. Specifically, cobalt (Co), nickel, manganese (M n), iron (F e), aluminum, vanadium (V) and titanium (T i) are preferred.
- X differs depending on the charge / discharge state of the battery, and is usually a value in the range of 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.10.
- L i F e P_ ⁇ high energy density such as 4 having a L i M n 2 ⁇ 4 or olivine crystal structure, having a spinel type crystal structure preferably.
- Such a positive electrode material has, for example, the desired composition of lithium carbonate, nitrate, oxide or hydroxide and transition metal carbonate, nitrate, oxide or hydroxide. And pulverized, and then calcined in an oxygen atmosphere at a temperature in the range of 600 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 2 lb also contains, for example, a conductive agent, and may further contain a binder as needed.
- a conductive agent include carbon materials such as graphite, force pump racks, and Ketjen black, and one or more of them are used in combination.
- a metal material or a conductive polymer material may be used as long as the material has conductivity.
- the binder include synthetic rubbers such as styrene-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber or ethylene propylene rubber, and high molecular materials such as poly (vinylidene fluoride), and one or more of them are mixed. Used as For example, when the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are wound as shown in FIG. 1, it is preferable to use a highly flexible styrene-butadiene-based rubber or a fluorine-based rubber as the binder. .
- the negative electrode 22 has, for example, a structure in which a negative electrode mixture layer 22 b is provided on both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector 22 a having a pair of opposing surfaces. Although not shown, the negative electrode mixture layer 22 b may be provided on only one side of the negative electrode current collector 22 a.
- the negative electrode current collector 22a is made of a metal foil such as a copper foil, a nickel foil or a stainless steel foil having good electrochemical stability, electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. In particular, copper foil is most preferred because of its high electrical conductivity.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector 22 is, for example, 6! It is preferably about 40 im.
- the thickness is less than 6 m, the mechanical strength is reduced, the anode current collector 22 a is easily broken in the manufacturing process, and the production efficiency is reduced. Current collector in Japan This is because the volume ratio of 22a becomes unnecessarily large, and it becomes difficult to increase the energy density.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 22b is composed of one or more negative electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium as a light metal. The same binder as in the layer 21b may be contained.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer 22 b is, for example, 80 m to 250 m. This thickness is the total thickness when the negative electrode mixture layer 22 b is provided on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22 a.
- the term “storage and desorption of light metal” means that light metal ions are electrochemically stored and desorbed without losing their ionicity. This includes not only the case where the absorbed light metal exists in a completely ionic state but also the case where it exists in a state that is not completely ionic. Examples of such cases include, for example, occlusion of graphite by light metal ion electrochemical reaction with graphite. In addition, occlusion of a light metal in an alloy containing an intermetallic compound or occlusion of a light metal by forming an alloy can also be mentioned.
- Examples of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium include carbon materials such as graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, and graphitizable carbon. These carbon materials are preferable because the change in crystal structure that occurs during charge and discharge is very small, a high charge and discharge capacity can be obtained, and good charge and discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained. Particularly, graphite is preferable because it has a large electrochemical equivalent and can obtain a high energy density.
- the graphite for example, the true density is 2. 1 0 g Z cm 3 are preferred over ones, 2. And more preferably in the range from 1 8 g Z cm 3 or more. In order to obtain such a true density, it is necessary that the thickness of the C-axis crystallite on the (002) plane is 140.0 nm or more.
- the (002) plane spacing is preferably less than 0.340 nm, more preferably in the range of 0.333511111 or more and 0.337 nm or less.
- the graphite may be natural graphite or artificial graphite. In the case of artificial graphite, for example, it can be obtained by carbonizing an organic material, performing a high-temperature heat treatment, and pulverizing and classifying.
- the high-temperature heat treatment may be performed, for example, in an inert gas stream such as nitrogen (N 2 ) if necessary.
- N 2 nitrogen
- the calcination is carried out for about 0 hours, and the calcination is carried out by heating at 200 ° C. or more, preferably 250 ° C. or more, and maintaining this temperature for an appropriate time.
- Coal or pitch can be used as the starting organic material.
- the pitch for example, tars obtained by pyrolyzing coal tar, ethylene bottom oil or crude oil at a high temperature, asphalt, etc. (vacuum distillation, atmospheric distillation or steam distillation), thermal polycondensation, extraction, There are products obtained by chemical polycondensation, products produced when wood is refluxed, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyrate or 3,5-dimethylphenol resin.
- These coals or pitches exist as liquids at a maximum of about 400 during carbonization, and when held at that temperature, aromatic rings are condensed and polycyclic, and are in a stacked orientation state. When it is above 0, it becomes a solid carbon precursor, that is, semi-coke (liquid phase carbonization process).
- organic material examples include condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, triphenylene, pyrene, perylene, pentaphen, and pentacene, and derivatives thereof (for example, the carboxylic acid, carbonyl compound of the compounds described above). Acid anhydride, carboxylic acid imide) or a mixture thereof.
- condensed heterocyclic compounds such as acenaphthylene, indole, isoindole, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, phthalazine, carbazole, acridine, phenazine and phenanthridine, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof can also be used.
- the pulverization may be performed before or after carbonization or calcination, or during the heating process before graphitization. In these cases, heat treatment for graphitization is finally performed in a powder state.
- coke that becomes a filler and binder and pitch that becomes a molding agent or a sintering agent are mixed and molded.
- a baking step of heat-treating the body at a low temperature of 100 ° C. or less and a pitch impregnation step of impregnating the sintered body with a binder pitch melted are repeated several times, and then heat-treated at a high temperature.
- the impregnated binder pitch is carbonized and graphitized in the above heat treatment process.
- the filler (coke) and the binder pitch are used as raw materials, they are graphitized as polycrystals, and sulfur and nitrogen contained in the raw materials are generated as gas during heat treatment.
- Fine holes are formed in the passage. Therefore, the vacancies facilitate the progress of lithium insertion and extraction reactions, and also have the advantage of high industrial processing efficiency.
- a filler having moldability and sinterability by itself may be used as a raw material of the molded body. In this case, it is not necessary to use a binder pitch.
- the (002) plane spacing is 0.37 nm or more, the true density is less than 1.7 cm 3 , and differential thermal analysis (DTA) in air. It is preferable that the compound does not show an exothermic peak at 700 ° C. or more.
- Such non-graphitizable carbon can be obtained, for example, by heat-treating an organic material at about 1200 and pulverizing and classifying.
- carbonization is performed at 300 to 700 (solid phase carbonization process), and then the temperature is raised to 900 to 1300 at a rate of 1 to 100 ° C per minute, and this temperature is increased. Perform by holding for about 0 to 30 hours.
- the pulverization may be performed before or after carbonization or during the heating process.
- organic material used as a starting material for example, a furfuryl alcohol or furfural polymer or copolymer, or a furan resin which is a copolymer of such a polymer with another resin can be used.
- phenolic resin, acrylic resin, halogenated biel resin, polyimide resin, polyamideimide resin, polyamide resin, conjugated resin such as polyacetylene or polyparaphenylene, cellulose or its derivatives, coffee beans, bamboo, chitosan And biocelluloses utilizing bacteria can also be used.
- a functional group containing oxygen (O) is introduced into a petroleum pitch in which the atomic ratio H / C of hydrogen atoms (H) to carbon atoms (C) is, for example, 0.6 to 0.8 (so-called oxygen crosslinking).
- the compound thus obtained can also be used.
- the oxygen content of this compound is preferably at least 3%, more preferably at least 5% (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-252530). This is because the oxygen content affects the crystal structure of the carbon material, and at a higher content, the physical properties of the non-graphitizable carbon can be increased, and the capacity of the negative electrode 22 can be improved.
- petroleum pitch is used for distillation (vacuum distillation, atmospheric distillation or steam distillation) of coal tar, tar bottoms obtained by pyrolyzing ethylene bottom oil or crude oil at a high temperature, or asphalt. It can be obtained by thermal polycondensation, extraction or chemical polycondensation.
- the oxidative cross-linking method include a wet method in which an aqueous solution of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, or a mixed acid thereof and a petroleum pitch are used, and an oxidizing gas such as air or oxygen and a petroleum pitch.
- a dry method of reacting or a method of reacting petroleum pitch with a solid reagent such as sulfur, ammonium nitrate, ammonium persulfate, or ferric chloride can be used.
- organic material used as the starting material is not limited to these, and any other organic material may be used as long as it is an organic material that can become non-graphitizable carbon through a solid phase carbonization process by oxygen crosslinking treatment or the like.
- non-graphitizable carbon examples include those produced using the above-mentioned organic materials as starting materials, and phosphorus (P), oxygen and carbon described in JP-A-3-137010.
- a compound as a main component is also preferable because it exhibits the above-mentioned physical property parameters.
- Examples of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium include a simple substance, an alloy, and a compound of a metal element or a metalloid element capable of forming an alloy with lithium. These are preferable because a high energy density can be obtained. In particular, when used together with a carbon material, a high energy density can be obtained and excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- an alloy includes an alloy composed of one or more metal elements and one or more metalloid elements in addition to an alloy composed of two or more metal elements.
- the structure may be a solid solution, a eutectic (eutectic mixture), an intermetallic compound, or one in which two or more of them coexist.
- Such metal elements or metalloid elements include tin (S n), lead (P b), aluminum, indium (in), silicon (S i), zinc (Z ⁇ ), and antimony. (S b), bismuth (B i), cadmium (C d), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), gallium (G a), germanium (G e), arsenic (A s), silver (Ag) , Zirconium (Zr), yttrium ( ⁇ ) or hafnium ( ⁇ f).
- These alloys or compounds for example, those represented by the chemical formula Ma s Mb t L i u or a chemical formula Ma p M c q Md r, .
- Ma represents at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element capable of forming an alloy with lithium
- Mb represents at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element other than lithium and Ma.
- Mc represents at least one non-metallic element
- Md represents at least one metallic and semi-metallic element other than Ma.
- the values of s, t, u, p, Q, and r are s> 0, t ⁇ 0, u ⁇ 0, p> 0, q> 0, r ⁇ 0, respectively.
- a simple substance, alloy or compound of a Group 4B metal element or metalloid element is preferred, and particularly preferred is silicon or tin, or an alloy or compound thereof. These may be crystalline or amorphous.
- Examples of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium include other metal compounds and polymer materials. Examples of other metal compounds, iron oxides, and oxides such as ruthenium oxide, molybdenum oxide, or L i such N 3. Examples of the polymer material, polyacetylene, Poria diphosphate or Poripi roll and the like.
- lithium metal starts to be deposited on the negative electrode 22 when the open circuit voltage (that is, the battery voltage) is lower than the overcharge voltage.
- the open circuit voltage that is, the battery voltage
- the negative Lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode 2
- the capacity of the negative electrode 22 includes a capacity component due to insertion and extraction of lithium and a capacity component due to precipitation and dissolution of lithium metal, and is represented by the sum thereof. Therefore, in this secondary battery, both the negative electrode material capable of storing and releasing lithium and the lithium metal function as the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode material capable of storing and releasing lithium is used when lithium metal is deposited. It is the base material.
- the overcharge voltage refers to the open-circuit voltage when the battery is overcharged.
- the Japan Storage Battery Association Battery Manufacturers Association
- Rechargeable battery refers to a voltage higher than the open circuit voltage of a “fully charged” battery as defined and defined in “Secondary Battery Safety Evaluation Guideline” (SBAG 111).
- SBAG 111 Single Battery Safety Evaluation Guideline
- this secondary battery is fully charged, for example, when the open circuit voltage is 4.2 V, and absorbs and separates lithium in a part of the open circuit voltage in the range of 0 V to 4.2 V. Lithium metal is deposited on the surface of the removable anode material.
- this secondary battery As a result, in this secondary battery, a high energy density can be obtained, and the cycle characteristics and the rapid charging characteristics can be improved.
- This is similar to a conventional lithium secondary battery using lithium metal or a lithium alloy for the negative electrode in that lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode 22, but lithium metal is used as the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium. It is considered that the following advantages are brought about by the precipitation of.
- the absorption and desorption of lithium by the anode material that can occlude and desorb lithium also contributes to the charge / discharge capacity. Therefore, the larger the battery capacity, the smaller the amount of lithium metal deposited and dissolved. Fourth, in a conventional lithium secondary battery, if rapid charging is performed, lithium metal is more unevenly deposited, and the cycle characteristics are further deteriorated. Since lithium is inserted into the negative electrode material that can be inserted and extracted, rapid charging becomes possible.
- the maximum deposition capacity of lithium metal deposited on the negative electrode 22 at the maximum voltage before the open circuit voltage becomes the overcharge voltage is that lithium can be absorbed and released It is preferable that the charge capacity is not less than 0.05 and not more than 3.0 times the charge capacity of the negative electrode material. If the amount of lithium metal deposited is too large, a problem similar to that of a conventional lithium secondary battery occurs. If the amount is too small, the charge / discharge capacity cannot be sufficiently increased. Further, for example, the discharge capacity of a negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is preferably 15 OmAh / g or more. This is because the greater the ability to insert and extract lithium, the smaller the amount of lithium metal deposited.
- the charge capacity of the negative electrode material is obtained, for example, from the amount of electricity when a negative electrode using lithium metal as a counter electrode and the negative electrode material as a negative electrode active material is charged to 0 V by a constant current / constant voltage method.
- the discharge capacity capacity of the negative electrode material can be determined, for example, from the quantity of electricity when the battery is discharged to 2.5 V over 10 hours or more by the constant current method.
- Separators 23 are made of, for example, a porous membrane made of a synthetic resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, or polyethylene, or a porous membrane made of a ceramic. It may have a structure in which films are stacked. Among them, a polyolefin porous membrane is preferable because it is excellent in short-circuit prevention effect and can improve battery safety by a shutdown effect.c In particular, polyethylene is preferably at least 100 ° C and no more than 160 ° C. Within this range, a shutdown effect can be obtained, and the electrochemical stability is also excellent. Polypropylene is also preferable, and any other resin having chemical stability can be used by copolymerizing or blending with polyethylene or polypropylene.
- a synthetic resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, or polyethylene
- a porous membrane made of a ceramic may have a structure in which films are stacked.
- a polyolefin porous membrane is preferable because it
- the porous polyolefin membrane is formed, for example, by kneading a molten polyolefin composition with a low-volatility solvent in a liquid state in a molten state to form a uniform high-concentration solution of the polyolefin composition, and then molding the same with a die. It is obtained by cooling to a gel-like sheet and stretching.
- the low volatile solvent for example, a low volatile aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon such as nonane, decane, decalin, p-xylene, pendecane or liquid paraffin can be used.
- the mixing ratio of the polyolefin composition and the low-volatile solvent is 100% by mass or more, and the polyolefin composition is 10% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, and further 15% by mass or more by 70% % Is preferable. If the polyolefin composition is too small, swelling or necking increases at the die exit during molding, and sheet molding becomes difficult. On the other hand, if the polyolefin composition is too large, it is difficult to prepare a uniform solution.
- the gap is, for example, 0. Be at least 1 mm 5 mm or less is preferably c
- the extrusion temperature 1 4 0 ° C It is preferable that the temperature is not less than 250 ° C. and the extrusion speed is not less than 2 cm / min and not more than 30 cm.
- Cooling is performed to at least the gelling temperature or lower.
- a cooling method a method of directly contacting with cool air, cooling water, or other cooling medium, or a method of contacting with a roll cooled by a refrigerant can be used.
- the high-concentration solution of the polyolefin composition extruded from the die may be taken up at a take-up ratio of 1 to 10 and preferably 1 to 5 before or during cooling. If the take-off ratio is too large, neck-in becomes large, and breakage tends to occur during stretching, which is not preferable.
- the stretching of the gel-like sheet is preferably carried out by biaxial stretching, for example, by heating the gel-like sheet and using a ten-time method, a pallet method, a rolling method or a combination thereof. At that time, either vertical or horizontal simultaneous stretching or sequential stretching may be used, but simultaneous secondary stretching is particularly preferable.
- the stretching temperature is preferably equal to or lower than the temperature obtained by adding 10 to the melting point of the polyolefin composition, and more preferably equal to or higher than the crystal dispersion temperature and lower than the melting point.
- the stretching temperature is too high, it is not possible to achieve effective molecular chain orientation by stretching due to melting of the resin This is because if the stretching temperature is too low, the softening of the resin becomes insufficient, the membrane is easily broken at the time of stretching, and stretching at a high magnification cannot be performed.
- the stretched film is washed with a volatile solvent to remove the remaining low-volatile solvent.
- a volatile solvent to remove the remaining low-volatile solvent.
- the stretched film is dried by heating or blowing, and the washing solvent is volatilized.
- the cleaning solvent include hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, and heptane; chlorine-based hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and carbon tetrachloride; carbon fluorides such as trifluoride-tank; Use volatile compounds such as ethers.
- the washing solvent is selected according to the low-volatile solvent used, and used alone or in combination.
- the washing can be performed by a method of immersing in a volatile solvent for extraction, a method of sprinkling with a volatile solvent, or a combination thereof. This washing is performed until the low-volatile solvent remaining in the stretched film becomes less than 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin composition.
- Separation 23 is impregnated with an electrolyte, which is a liquid electrolyte.
- This electrolytic solution contains a liquid solvent, for example, a non-aqueous solvent such as an organic solvent, and a lithium salt as an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the liquid non-aqueous solvent is, for example, a non-aqueous solvent composed of a non-aqueous compound and having an intrinsic viscosity at 25 of 10 OmPa ⁇ s or less.
- the intrinsic viscosity in a state in which the electrolyte salt is dissolved may be 10 OmPas or less, and when a solvent is formed by mixing a plurality of types of non-aqueous compounds, the intrinsic viscosity in the mixed state may be reduced.
- the viscosity may be 10.OmPas or less.
- non-aqueous solvent various non-aqueous solvents conventionally used can be used. Specifically, cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate or ethylene carbonate, chain esters such as getyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate, or aptyrolactone, sulfolane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or dimethoxyethane And the like. In particular, from the viewpoint of oxidation stability, it is preferable to use a mixture of carbonate esters.
- L i A s F have L i PF have L i BF 4, L i C 10 4, L i B (C 6 H 5) 4, L i CH 3 S0 3, L i CF 3 S ⁇ 3 , L i N (CF 3 S ⁇ 2 ) 2 , L i N (C 2 F 5 S0 2 ) 2 , L i N (C 4 F 9 S ⁇ 2 ) (CF 3 S 0 2), L i C ( CF 3 S_ ⁇ 2) 3, L i A 1 C 1 4 L i S i F have L i C l is stomach include i B r, 1 kind or of any of these Two or more kinds may be used as a mixture.
- Li PF 6 is preferable because it can obtain high conductivity and has excellent oxidation stability
- Li BF 4 is preferable because it has excellent thermal stability and oxidation stability.
- L i CF 3 S 0 3 has high thermal stability
- L i C 10 4 high conductivity can be obtained.
- L i N (CF 3 S_ ⁇ 2) 2, L i N ( C 2 F 5 S_ ⁇ 2) 2 and L i C (CF 3 S_ ⁇ 2) 3 to obtain a relatively high electrical conductivity It is preferable because of its high thermal stability. Furthermore, it is more preferable to use a mixture of at least two of them, because the effects can be obtained in combination.
- the content (concentration) of these lithium salts is preferably in the range of 0.5 mol / kg or more and 3.Omo 1 Zkg or less with respect to the solvent. Outside of this range, sufficient battery characteristics may not be obtained due to an extremely low ion conductivity.
- the electrolyte also contains at least one of the compounds shown in Chemical Formula 4 or Chemical Formula 5 as an additive. As a result, in this secondary battery, the reductive decomposition of the solvent can be suppressed in the occlusion and desorption reactions of lithium, and the reaction between the deposited lithium metal and the solvent in the deposition and dissolution reactions of lithium can be prevented. It can be stopped.
- the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is high, so that a high discharge capacity can be obtained and the cycle characteristics can be improved.
- the above compound may function as a solvent, but in this specification, attention is paid to the function described above, and the compound is described as an additive. Of course, it is sufficient that at least a part of the added compound contributes to the above-described reaction, and a compound that does not contribute to the reaction may function as a solvent.
- the compound represented by the chemical formula 4 include vinyl ethylene force-ponate represented by the chemical formula 6, vinylethylene trithio force-ponate represented by the chemical formula 7, and 1,3-butadiene ethylene force-ponate represented by the chemical formula 8 No.
- Examples of the compound represented by the chemical formula 5 include divinylethylene monoponate represented by the chemical formula 9. Above all, it is preferable to contain the vinyl ethylene carbonate represented by the chemical formula 6 or the divinyl ethylene carbonate represented by the chemical formula 9, since higher effects can be obtained.
- the content of these compounds is preferably in the range of 0.005% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less with respect to the total of the solvent and the electrolyte salt when two or more compounds are contained. . If the amount is less than 0.05% by mass, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained. If the amount is more than 15% by mass, the battery may be deteriorated during storage.
- a gel electrolyte in which a polymer compound holds the electrolytic solution may be used instead of the electrolytic solution.
- the gel electrolyte only needs to have an ionic conductivity of at least ImS / cm at room temperature, and there is no particular limitation on the composition and the structure of the polymer compound.
- the electrolyte ie, liquid solvent, electrolyte salt and additives
- the polymer compound include polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and polyhexafluoropropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyethylene oxide, and polypropylene.
- a polymer compound having a structure of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene or polyethylene oxide it is preferable to use a polymer compound having a structure of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene or polyethylene oxide.
- the amount of the polymer compound added to the electrolyte varies depending on the compatibility of both, but it is usually preferable to add a polymer corresponding to 5% by mass to 50% by mass of the electrolyte.
- the content of the compound shown in Chemical Formula 4 or 5 and the content of the lithium salt are the same as in the case of the electrolytic solution.
- the solvent here is a liquid solvent This does not mean only that it can dissociate the electrolyte salt and broadly includes those having ion conductivity. Therefore, when a polymer compound having ion conductivity is used, the polymer compound is also included in the solvent.
- This secondary battery can be manufactured, for example, as follows.
- a positive electrode mixture is prepared by mixing a positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium, a conductive agent, and a binder, and the positive electrode mixture is mixed with a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Disperse into a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to the positive electrode current collector 21a, the solvent is dried, and then compression-molded by a roll press or the like to form the positive electrode mixture layer 21b, thereby producing the positive electrode 21.
- a negative electrode mixture is prepared by mixing a negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium and a binder, and the negative electrode mixture is dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to form a paste. Negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the negative electrode mixture slurry is applied to the negative electrode current collector 22a, the solvent is dried, and then compression-molded by a roll press or the like to form the negative electrode mixture layer 22b, thereby producing the negative electrode 22.
- the positive electrode lead 25 is attached to the positive electrode current collector 21a by welding or the like, and the negative electrode lead 26 is attached to the negative electrode current collector 22a by welding or the like.
- the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are wound around the separator 23, the tip of the positive electrode lead 25 is welded to the safety valve mechanism 15 and the tip of the negative electrode lead 26 is connected to the battery can 1
- the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22, which have been welded to and wound around 1 are sandwiched between a pair of insulating plates 1 and 13 and housed inside the battery can 11.
- an electrolyte is injected into the battery can 11 and impregnated into the separator 23.
- the battery cover 14, the safety valve mechanism 15 and the thermal resistance element 16 are fixed to the open end of the battery can 11 by caulking through the gasket 17.
- the secondary battery shown in FIG. 1 is formed.
- This secondary battery operates as follows.
- lithium ions are released from the positive electrode mixture layer 21b, and are first contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 22b via the electrolyte impregnated in the separator 23.
- Lithium is occluded by the anode material that can be inserted and extracted.
- the charge capacity absorbs lithium when the open circuit voltage is lower than the overcharge voltage.
- Lithium metal begins to precipitate on the surface of the negative electrode material that can store and release lithium, exceeding the charge capacity of the negative electrode material that can be stored and released. Thereafter, lithium metal continues to be deposited on the negative electrode 22 until charging is completed.
- the appearance of the negative electrode mixture layer 22b changes from black to golden, and further to white silver when, for example, graphite is used as the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium.
- the lithium metal precipitated on the negative electrode 22 elutes as ions, and is occluded in the positive electrode mixture layer 2 lb via the electrolyte impregnated in the separator 23.
- the discharge is further continued, lithium ions occluded in the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium in the negative electrode mixture layer 22b are released, and occluded in the positive electrode mixture layer 2lb via the electrolyte. Therefore, in this secondary battery, the characteristics of both the conventional so-called lithium secondary battery and lithium ion secondary battery, that is, high energy density and good charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- At least one of the compounds shown in Chemical Formula 4 or Chemical Formula 5 is included, and therefore, when lithium is occluded in the negative electrode 22, Chemical Formula 4 or Chemical Formula 4 is used at the radical active site.
- the unsaturated alkyl groups R 1, R 2, and R 3 in 5 react to cause ring-opening polymerization of these compounds with each other, or adsorption or ring-opening polymerization of the anode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium to form the anode 2 A film is formed on the surface of 2. Thereby, the reductive decomposition of the solvent at the radical active site of the negative electrode 22 is suppressed.
- the compound formed by the above reaction has a cyclic force-ponate structure, and, for example, compared to a compound formed by ring-opening polymerization of vinylene force-ponate, an oxo group which functions as a conduction medium for lithium ion Since the degree of freedom is high, the coating is considered to be dense with lithium ion conductivity. Therefore, it is considered that the deposition of the lithium metal is performed under the coating. In the deposition and dissolution reaction of lithium, the reaction between the deposited lithium metal and the solvent is prevented by the coating. Further, this film remains stably on the surface of the negative electrode 22 even after dissolution of lithium, and the above-described function is maintained even in subsequent charging and discharging.
- the electrolyte contains at least one of the compounds represented by the chemical formulas 4 and 5, so that when the lithium is occluded in the anode 22, the radical activity is increased.
- the unsaturated alkyl in Formula 4 or Formula 5 The radicals R 1, R 2, and R 3 react to form a film on the surface of the negative electrode 22, and the reductive decomposition of the solvent at the radical active site of the negative electrode 22 can be suppressed.
- the deposition of lithium metal can be performed under the coating, and the reaction between the deposited lithium metal and the solvent can be prevented. Therefore, the chemical stability of the electrolyte can be improved, and battery characteristics such as discharge capacity and charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be improved.
- the content of the compound is set to 0.05% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less with respect to the total of the solvent and the electrolyte salt, higher effects can be obtained.
- the area density ratio between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 was adjusted, and the capacity of the negative electrode 22 included a capacity component due to insertion and extraction of lithium and a capacity component due to precipitation and dissolution of lithium.
- the battery to be manufactured was produced.
- lithium carbonate (L i 2 C_ ⁇ 3) and cobalt carbonate (C o C_ ⁇ 3), L i 2 C 0 3: C o C 0 3 0 5:. 1 ratio (molar ratio) mixed, and calcined 9 0 0 5 hours in air to obtain lithium cobalt complex oxide as a positive electrode material (L i C O_ ⁇ 2).
- Li C O_ ⁇ 2 lithium carbonate
- 91 parts by mass of this lithium-cobalt composite oxide, 6 parts by mass of graphite as a conductive agent, and 3 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder were mixed to prepare a positive electrode mixture.
- this positive electrode mixture is dispersed in a solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, to form a positive electrode mixture slurry, which is uniformly coated on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector 21 a made of a 20-thick strip of aluminum foil. It was applied, dried, and compression-molded with a roller press to form a positive electrode mixture layer (2 lb) to prepare a positive electrode 21. After that, a positive electrode lead 25 made of aluminum was attached to one end of the positive electrode current collector 21a.
- artificial graphite powder was prepared as a negative electrode material, and 90 parts by mass of the artificial graphite powder and 10 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder were mixed to prepare a negative electrode mixture.
- this negative electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent to form a negative electrode mixture slurry, and then a negative electrode current collector 22a composed of a 10-m-thick strip-shaped copper foil was formed.
- the coating was uniformly applied to both sides and dried, and compression-molded with a roll press to form a negative electrode mixture layer 22 b, thereby preparing a negative electrode 22.
- a negative electrode lead 26 made of nickel was attached to one end of the negative electrode current collector 22a.
- a separator 23 made of a microporous polypropylene film having a thickness of 25 im was prepared.
- the negative electrode 22, the separator 23, the positive electrode 21, and the separator 21 were prepared.
- the laminate was laminated in the order of 23, and the laminate was spirally wound many times to produce a wound electrode body 20.
- the wound electrode body 20 After the wound electrode body 20 is manufactured, the wound electrode body 20 is sandwiched between a pair of insulating plates 12 and 13, the negative electrode lead 26 is welded to the battery can 11, and the positive electrode lead 25 is connected to a safety valve.
- the wound electrode body 20 was welded to the mechanism 15 and housed inside a nickel-plated iron battery can 11. After that, an electrolytic solution was injected into the battery can 11 by a reduced pressure method.
- the electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving L 1-6 as an electrolyte salt in a solvent mixture of 50% by volume of ethylene carbonate and 50% by volume of getyl carbonate at a content of 11110 1 (111 3 ).
- a product obtained by adding vinyl ethylene carbonate shown in Chemical Formula 6 was used, and the content of vinyl ethylene carbonate with respect to the total of the solvent and the electrolyte salt was shown in Table 1 in Examples 1 to 4. Was changed as follows.
- the battery cover 14 was caulked to the battery can 11 via a gasket 17 coated with asphalt on the surface.
- a cylindrical secondary battery of 4 mm and a height of 65 mm was obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as this example except that vinyl ethylene carbonate was not added to the electrolytic solution. Further, as Comparative Examples 2 and 3 with respect to the present example, the area density ratio between the positive electrode and the negative electrode was adjusted so that the capacity of the negative electrode was represented by insertion and extraction of lithium. A lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in the example. At that time, in Comparative Example 2, vinylethylene carbonate was added to the electrolyte at a content of 2% by mass relative to the solvent, and in Comparative Example 3, vinylethylene carbonate was not added to the electrolyte.
- the obtained secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to a charge / discharge test, and the discharge capacity at the first cycle, that is, the initial discharge capacity, and the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle were determined.
- the discharge capacity at the first cycle that is, the initial discharge capacity, and the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle were determined.
- charging was performed at a constant current of 600 mA and the battery voltage was 4.2
- the current was reached at a constant voltage of 4.2 V until the current reached 1 mA
- the discharge was performed at a constant current of 400 mA until the battery voltage reached 3.0 V.
- Table 1 shows the obtained results.
- the initial discharge capacities of Examples 1 to 4 are relative values when the initial discharge capacity of Comparative Example 1 was 100, and the discharge capacities at the 100th cycle of Examples 1 to 4 were compared. This is a relative value when the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle in Example 1 is set to 100. Further, the initial discharge capacity of Comparative Example 2 is a relative value when the initial discharge capacity of Comparative Example 3 is 100, and the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle of Comparative Example 2 is 100% of Comparative Example 3. This is a relative value when the discharge capacity at the 0th cycle is 100.
- the secondary batteries of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 to 3 were disassembled those one cycle charge and discharge was later allowed to fully charged again conducted under conditions described above, visually and 7 L i nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy It was examined by the method whether or not lithium metal was precipitated on the negative electrode mixture layer 22b. Further, two cycles of charge / discharge were performed under the above-described conditions, and the completely discharged battery was dismantled. Similarly, it was examined whether or not lithium metal was deposited on the negative electrode mixture layer 22b.
- the presence of lithium metal was recognized in the negative electrode mixture layer 22b in the fully charged state, and the presence of lithium metal in the fully discharged state. I was not able to admit. That is, it was confirmed that the capacity of the negative electrode 22 includes a capacity component due to precipitation and dissolution of lithium metal and a capacity component due to occlusion and desorption of lithium, and is represented by the sum thereof. Table 1 shows that lithium metal was deposited as a result.
- the capacity of the negative electrode 22 includes a capacity component due to occlusion and desorption of light metal and a capacity component due to precipitation and dissolution of light metal, and in a secondary battery represented by the sum thereof, vinyl ethylene carbonate is used as an electrolyte in the electrolyte. It has been found that the content can improve the discharge capacity and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- Example 2 shows the results together with the results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1.
- the initial discharge capacity is a relative value when the initial discharge capacity of Comparative Example 1 is 100
- the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle is the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle of Comparative Example 1. This is a relative value when 100 is assumed.
- Example 2 As can be seen from Table 2, according to Examples 5 to 7, as in Example 2, higher values were obtained for both the initial capacity and the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle than in Comparative Example 1. Was done. That is, it was found that the discharge capacity and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics could be improved if the electrolyte contained the compound represented by the chemical formula 4 or 5.
- the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiment and the example.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and example, and can be variously modified.
- the case where lithium is used as the light metal has been described.
- another alkali metal such as sodium (Na) or potassium (K), or magnesium or calcium (Ca) is used.
- the present invention can be applied to a case where an alkaline earth metal such as aluminum, another light metal such as aluminum, lithium, or an alloy thereof is used, and the same effect can be obtained.
- a negative electrode material, a positive electrode material, a non-aqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt, or the like that can occlude and desorb the light metal is selected according to the light metal.
- an alloy containing lithium is used as the light metal, a substance capable of forming an alloy with lithium is present in the electrolyte, and an alloy may be formed at the time of deposition.
- an alloy may be formed at the time of precipitation.
- electrolytes include, for example, an organic solid electrolyte in which an electrolyte salt is dispersed in a high molecular compound having ion conductivity, an inorganic solid electrolyte made of ion-conductive ceramics, ion-conductive glass or ion-crystal, or the like. Examples thereof include a mixture of these inorganic solid electrolytes and an electrolytic solution, and a mixture of these inorganic solid electrolytes and a gel electrolyte or an organic solid electrolyte.
- the present invention provides an elliptical or polygonal secondary battery having a wound structure, or a positive electrode.
- the present invention can be similarly applied to a secondary battery having a structure in which a negative electrode is folded or stacked.
- the present invention can be applied to so-called coin-type, pot-type, square or large secondary batteries.
- the present invention can be applied not only to a secondary battery but also to a primary battery.
- the electrolyte contains at least one of the compounds represented by Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2, when light metal is occluded in the negative electrode, Unsaturated alkyl groups R1, R2, and R3 react at the radical active site to form a film on the surface of the negative electrode, and suppress reductive decomposition of the solvent at the radical active site of the negative electrode. Can be. Further, in the light metal precipitation / dissolution reaction, the light metal can be deposited under the coating, and the reaction between the deposited light metal and the solvent can be prevented. Therefore, the chemical stability of the electrolyte can be improved, and the battery characteristics such as the discharge capacity and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be improved.
- the total content of the compounds represented by the chemical formulas 1 and 2 is equal to or more than 0.05% by mass with respect to the total amount of the solvent and the electrolyte salt. Since the content is set to 15% by mass or less, higher effects can be obtained.
- Example 5 106 110 Exist.
- Example 6 104 108 Yes Ethylene power, Nate Example 7 Bier ethylene carho, Nate 108 113 Yes Comparative example 1 100 100 Yes
Description
Claims
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JP (1) | JP2003151627A (ja) |
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KR100536252B1 (ko) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-12-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 전지용 전해질, 그의 제조 방법 및 그를 포함하는리튬 전지 |
US20080085454A1 (en) * | 2006-06-05 | 2008-04-10 | Sony Corporation | Electrolyte and battery using the same |
US8637177B2 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2014-01-28 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Electrochemical device |
FR2970785B1 (fr) * | 2011-01-20 | 2013-11-15 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede d'evaluation de l'autodecharge d'un accumulateur au lithium |
JP2014086218A (ja) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-05-12 | Toyota Motor Corp | 全固体電池システム |
KR101885781B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-05 | 2018-08-06 | (주)다오코리아 | 온열 매트 |
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JP2001006729A (ja) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-01-12 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 非水系電解液二次電池 |
JP2001057234A (ja) * | 1999-08-19 | 2001-02-27 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 非水電解液および非水電解液二次電池 |
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CN1204648C (zh) * | 2001-02-28 | 2005-06-01 | 东芝株式会社 | 非水电解质及非水电解质二次电池 |
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JP2001057234A (ja) * | 1999-08-19 | 2001-02-27 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 非水電解液および非水電解液二次電池 |
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