WO2003031680A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von bauelementen und ultrahochvakuum-cvd-reaktor - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von bauelementen und ultrahochvakuum-cvd-reaktor Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003031680A1 WO2003031680A1 PCT/CH2002/000467 CH0200467W WO03031680A1 WO 2003031680 A1 WO2003031680 A1 WO 2003031680A1 CH 0200467 W CH0200467 W CH 0200467W WO 03031680 A1 WO03031680 A1 WO 03031680A1
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- components
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- uhv
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/458—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for supporting substrates in the reaction chamber
- C23C16/4582—Rigid and flat substrates, e.g. plates or discs
- C23C16/4583—Rigid and flat substrates, e.g. plates or discs the substrate being supported substantially horizontally
- C23C16/4586—Elements in the interior of the support, e.g. electrodes, heating or cooling devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/54—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/08—Reaction chambers; Selection of materials therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the production of semiconductor components or intermediates therefor, or, more generally, of components whose production is subject to the same high demands, in particular with regard to process purity as in the production of semiconductor components.
- a “component” is understood to mean a ready-to-use structure which is commercially commercially available.
- such components can be semiconductor chips.
- a “component” e.g. After treatment, an afer ultimately leads to the provision of one or more components: e.g. one or more chips are made available as a component (s) from a treated wafer as a component.
- the components mentioned are in particular also optoelectric, optical or micromechanical components or their intermediates.
- PVD processes Physical Vapor Deposition
- CVD processes Chemical Vapor Deposition
- the present invention is based on problems that have arisen in the layer deposition of the aforementioned type by means of CVD processes.
- the known CVD layer deposition processes can be done according to the residual gas partial pressure (UHV) and the process pressure
- APCVD LPCVD
- LPCVD LPCVD differentiate which is created before or while a gas to be reacted - the process gas - is fed to the process.
- the following can be distinguished:
- Residual gas partial pressure is at most 10 ⁇ 8 mbar and the process gas pressure is typically in the range 10 "1 to 10 ⁇ 5 mbar.
- US Pat. No. 5,181,964 discloses a UHV-CVD method in which disk-shaped components as a batch, each positioned vertically and aligned horizontally with respect to one another within the batch, into a UHV-CVD Reactor are introduced and coated there - a horizontal "stack".
- UHV-CVD reactors reference can further be made to US Pat. No. 5,607,511, and for known UHV-CVD processes to US Pat. No. 5,298,452 and US Pat. No. 5,906,680.
- BS Meyerson IBM J. Res. Develop ., Vol. 34, No. 6, November 1990.
- the individual component handling in the LPCVD process enables automatic handling in vacuum to and from the CVD treatment process or LPCVD reactor, from or to upstream or downstream further treatment processes or stations.
- the component batch being produced is transported in a clean room ambient atmosphere to the UHV-CVD reactor or transported away from it, by one or to an upstream or downstream treatment process.
- the present invention sets itself the task of proposing methods for the production of components or their intermediate products, which remedy the above-mentioned disadvantage to a significant extent while ensuring the above-mentioned ones to be provided for the production of semiconductor components
- this is achieved from a first aspect by a method for producing components or their intermediate products, in which the component being manufactured is a component (a) is subjected to a treatment process and next
- Vacuum process is and from this the components in vacuum are fed to the CVD process.
- the present invention is based on one of the competing methods mentioned, namely the UHV-CVD
- Treatment process as well as the CVD process and are also transported in this horizontal orientation from the treatment process to the CVD process.
- the surface to be subsequently coated with CVD is cleaned of contaminants and naturally grown oxides by using a cleaning process that may include several treatment steps, which is usually concluded with a treatment of the components in dilute hydrofluoric acid, the so-called RF Dipping.
- the components are introduced into the CVD process space as quickly as possible, so that the surface of the component to be coated is not contaminated again during transport through the clean room atmosphere.
- the components now remain between a cleaning process upstream of the CVD process and the CVD process in vacuum.
- the transport of the components to the CVD process is finally carried out in vacuum in the latter aspect, it is no longer imperative that the treatment process which takes place immediately before the CVD process itself is the cleaning process, provided that the vacuum is not left , the cleaning process and the UHV-CVD process can, for example an intermediate storage process or a temperature control process can be interposed.
- Wafers for semiconductor component production already have dimensions of 200 mm x 200 mm or a diameter of 200 mm, which makes batch transport extremely expensive.
- the components are subjected to two or more treatment operations, of which the CVD process under ultra-high vacuum conditions is one, and it the components are successively transported in vacuum from one operation to another, along at least piece-wise linear and / or circular section-shaped transport tracks.
- the CVD process is now integrated under ultra-high vacuum conditions as a process station in a multi-process manufacturing process, in an actual cluster process.
- the components are usually freely programmable in a central transport chamber under vacuum or in predetermined sequences of one
- Process station transported to others and treated there.
- the operations performed there can be, for example, in addition to the UHV-CVD process mentioned, infeed and outfeed operations, cleaning operations, further coating operations, etching operations,
- Implantation operations conditioning operations, for example to achieve predetermined temperatures, temporary storage operations.
- At least one of the UHV-CVD processes used according to the invention is or are connected upstream and / or downstream of plasma-assisted, reactive treatment processes of the components.
- these plasma-assisted reactive treatment processes are each operated by means of a low-energy plasma discharge, with ion energy E on the surface of the component (s) being treated 0 eV ⁇ E ⁇ 15 eV.
- these can preferably be both plasma-assisted CVD processes, but in particular plasma-assisted reactive cleaning processes, in combination with the low-energy plasma-assisted reactive processes used in accordance with the CVD processes used according to the invention.
- This preferred combination has the notable advantage that the low-energy plasma processes upstream of the UHV process are optimally matched to the surface conditions for the UHV CVD process with regard to their surface effect.
- the UHV-CVD process is one or more low-energy plasma-assisted cleaning processes, in particular in a hydrogen and / or nitrogen process atmosphere, directly or with intermediate processes, such as Conditioning processes, upstream, their known, passivating effect is used for the most reliable cleaning of the affected surfaces up to the UHV-CVD process.
- such a low-energy plasma-supported reactive cleaning process is connected upstream of the CVD process.
- a gas flow is maintained in the reaction space, preferably a gas with hydrogen, during the loading and / or unloading of the reaction space with components to be treated there in the CVD process. This ensures that when this reactor space is opened to load and / or unload it, it is not contaminated.
- a homogeneous coating temperature distribution during the coating process is essential.
- this is achieved in that outside of the UHV reactor, that is to say in a clean room normal atmosphere, segmented heating elements can be provided distributed along the outer wall of the reactor.
- the temperature uniformity in the reaction space can be optimized by the number of heating elements and their individual heat output adjustment.
- the mean temperature and the temperature distribution in a reaction space in which the CVD process is carried out are measured and controlled, preferably measured and regulated.
- the mean temperature and temperature distribution on the components treated in the CVD process itself are measured and controlled, preferably measured and regulated, during the CVD process.
- reactor rooms of previously known UHV-CVD reactors are heated by means of heating elements which are arranged along the outer wall.
- the temperature in a reaction space, in which the CVD process is carried out is set by means of heating elements arranged in a vacuum within a vacuum recipient surrounding the reaction space.
- a reaction space for the The CVD process is first evacuated to an ultra-high vacuum of at least 10 -8 mbar, then by introducing a process gas or a process gas mixture into the reaction space, the total pressure is increased up to the process pressure, the reaction space being enclosed by a vacuum with a total pressure in the range of the process pressure, preferably deeper.
- reaction space need not be vacuum-tight with respect to the surrounding vacuum, and, if already present, a remaining gas diffusion, which hardly influences the conditions in the reaction space, takes place from the latter into the surrounding vacuum.
- reaction space and the vacuum surrounding it are preferably each pumped differently.
- the reaction space and the vacuum surrounding it are provided in a recipient lying on the outside in the ambient atmosphere, and the reaction space for unloading and / or loading with components communicates via the vacuum surrounding the reaction space with a loading / unloading opening of the recipient.
- Equilibrium supplied with inlet of a gas into the reaction space, preferably with hydrogen and / or with a process gas or process gas mixture.
- a gas and its thermal conductivity can accelerate the thermal equilibrium of the components.
- a method for producing components or their intermediates of the aforementioned type is proposed, in which several of the components are subjected to a common CVD process under ultra-high vacuum conditions at the same time, and in which the components are heated by means of heating elements , in which the heating elements mentioned are thermally operatively connected to the components by vacuum.
- the components are held on a carrier during the CVD process, and heating elements, preferably assigned to the individual components, are provided on the carrier.
- Heating elements and the components optimally directly can be used as actuators for the average temperature or the temperature distribution on the components in the context of a temperature mean value and, preferably, also temperature distribution control, depending on the components.
- the temperature adjusters, ie heating elements are thermally closely coupled to the respective components, in each case a plurality of heating elements, the temperature distribution should also be regulated. It is therefore proposed in a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention under the third aspect of the present invention that the components are held on a carrier during the CVD process and, preferably assigned to the components, thermal sensors are provided on the carrier.
- the solutions according to the invention are used in combination under the first, second and third aspect.
- a vacuum treatment plant with an ultra-high vacuum CVD reactor is proposed in the first aspect, in which a carrier for several components to be treated simultaneously in the reactor is provided, the reactor having at least one loading / unloading opening, and where the mentioned Opening communicated with a vacuum transport chamber for the components.
- an ultra-high vacuum CVD reactor is further proposed with a support for a plurality of disk-shaped components to be treated simultaneously in the reactor, in which the support is designed to accommodate disk-shaped components in a horizontal position and vertically stacked.
- ultra-high vacuum CVD reactors result from the following description of examples and are also specified in particular in claims 23 to 45.
- very particularly preferred embodiments relate to the use of the CVD process for the deposition of single atom layers or layer systems, so-called atomic layer deposition, and / or for the coating of surfaces with deep profiles, e.g. B. trench or hole-shaped structures with a width-depth ratio of 1: 5 or less (1:10, 1:20, ..), so-called deep trenches and / or for the storage of epitaxial or heteroepitaxial layers.
- FIG. 2 shows, in a representation analogous to that of FIG. 1, a UHV-CVD reactor according to the invention working according to a method according to the invention under the second aspect of the present invention
- FIGS. 1 and 2 a preferred embodiment of a vacuum treatment plant operating according to a method according to the invention with a UHV-CVD reactor according to the invention according to FIG. 2;
- Embodiment of a UHV-CVD reactor according to the invention for use in carrying out a method according to the invention
- FIG. 5 schematically, in simplified form, a partial section from an UHV-CVD reactor according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 4, with an arrangement of heating elements and a control circuit for temperature variables within the reactor reaction space;
- FIG. 6 shows, schematically, in simplified form, a section of a UHV-CVD reactor according to the invention used component carrier with temperature tap and temperature setting directly at the components themselves, and
- FIG. 7 schematically, in supervision, a vacuum treatment plant according to the invention, working according to a process according to the invention, designed as a cluster plant and preferably equipped with at least one UHV-CVD reactor according to the invention.
- a UHV-CVD reactor 1 schematically shows a vacuum treatment plant according to the invention, in particular for carrying out the production method according to the present invention and according to its first aspect.
- a UHV-CVD reactor 1 has a carrier 3 for a batch of several components to be treated.
- the reaction chamber R in the reactor 1 is pumped out to ultra-high vacuum conditions, preferably to a pressure of at most 10 8 mbar, by means of a vacuum pump arrangement 5.
- a process gas is introduced into the reactor 1 by a gas tank arrangement 7 or process gas mixture G admitted, and it will, to activate the
- Process gas or process gas mixture G in particular the components 4 deposited on the carrier 3, are heated to the necessary reaction temperatures by means of a schematically illustrated heating arrangement 9.
- the UHV-CVD reactor 1 has a loading / unloading opening 11 which can usually be closed or opened by means of a valve.
- the opening 11 connects the Reaction space R of the UHV-CVD reactor 1 with a vacuum transport chamber 13 which, as schematized with the vacuum pump arrangement 15, is kept at a vacuum during operation.
- a transport arrangement schematized with the double arrow T transports components, in particular to or from the reactor 1.
- at least one further treatment chamber 17 is coupled to the transport chamber 13, which can be: a lock chamber, a further vacuum transport chamber, a Coating chamber, a
- Cleaning chamber an etching chamber, a heating chamber, an intermediate storage chamber, an implantation chamber.
- the batch carrier 3 of the UHV-CVD reactor 1 is loaded and / or unloaded via a vacuum transport chamber 13, and that under aspect 1 of the manufacturing method according to the invention, components immediately before they are transferred to the CVD -Process under ultra-high vacuum conditions in reactor 1 are already in a vacuum.
- FIG. 2 shows the production method according to the invention and a corresponding UHV-CVD reactor under the second aspect of the invention in a representation analogous to that of FIG. 1, that is to say in a highly simplified and schematic manner.
- an inventive ultra-high vacuum CVD reactor 1b as shown schematically with the vacuum pump arrangement 5, pumped to ultra-high vacuum conditions in accordance with a residual gas partial pressure P R of preferably at most 10 "8 mbar, are components 21, held as a batch at the same time on a batch carrier 3a, CVD 1, process gas or process gas mixture G is fed to the reactor 1b from a gas tank arrangement 7 and the components 21 are heated to the desired process temperature by means of a heating arrangement 9.
- the disk-shaped components 21 are positioned as a batch, as shown in FIG. 2, horizontally and stacked vertically one above the other on the batch carrier 3a during the UHV-CVD process.
- FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a vacuum treatment system according to the invention or of a production method according to the invention, which realizes aspects 1 and 2 of the invention in combination.
- the UHV-CVD reactor 1b is designed as illustrated and explained with reference to FIG. 2. It is via a vacuum transport chamber 13a loaded with individual, segmentally occurring, disc-shaped components 21, which are stacked on the batch carrier 3a in the manner described. This prevents cumbersome and complex handling of the entire component batches in the transport chamber 13a.
- the components 21 are preferably also positioned horizontally, treated and then individually fed via transport chamber 13a to the UHV-CVD reactor, where they are aligned horizontally on the carrier 3a, vertically one above the other stacked at the same time.
- transport chamber 13a the components 21 are preferably also positioned horizontally, treated and then individually fed via transport chamber 13a to the UHV-CVD reactor, where they are aligned horizontally on the carrier 3a, vertically one above the other stacked at the same time.
- FIG. 4 shows, in a partially longitudinal section, a preferred embodiment of a UHV-CVD reactor according to the invention, as is preferably used to carry out the production processes according to the invention or as part of a vacuum treatment plant according to the invention.
- the UHV-CVD reactor per se according to the invention comprises a reactor recipient 41, preferably made of stainless steel. This is intensively cooled, for which purpose its wall 41a is thermally closely coupled, at least in sections, to cooling elements. Preferably, and as shown in FIG. 4, the wall 41a is double-walled at least in sections, with a cooling intermediate space 43. A cooling medium line system is integrated therein (not shown).
- the wall 41a according to FIG. 4 is shown as a one-piece design and is cylindrical, it can be made in several parts and possibly also in a shape that deviates from the cylindrical shape.
- the reactor interior I is sealed at the top and bottom with likewise intensively cooled flanges 45 Q and 45 u in a vacuum-tight manner.
- a cooling medium line system is shown at 47 0 or 47 u for cooling the flanges 45 ou .
- a reaction recipient 48 encloses the actual reaction space R for the UHV-CVD process. At least the inner surface of the wall 48a of the reaction recipient 48 is made of a material which, with reference to the im
- Reaction space R process gases used during the UHV-CVD process is inert.
- the reaction space R within the reaction recipient 48 is pumped out to ultra-high vacuum conditions via a pump connection 49.
- the remaining reactor interior I is in turn pumped out via a pump connection 51 to a pressure which essentially corresponds to the process pressure within the reaction space R.
- the reaction chamber R is therefore pumped to a residual gas partial pressure of preferably at most 10 8 mbar or - during the process - to the process pressure of 10- 1 mbar to 10-5 mbar with the pump connection 49
- the remaining interior space I is pumped down to a residual gas pressure who in also essentially corresponds to the total pressure in the reaction space R during the UHV-CVD process, ie after the process gases have been admitted, that is to a pressure of 10 "1 mbar to 10 " 5 mbar, depending on the process pressure.
- both pump connections 51 and 49 are operated by the same pump arrangement 53.
- the respective pumping action is measured by correspondingly dimensioning the pump cross sections of the pump connections 49 and 51, which among other things. is also realized with the aid of a valve 55, preferably a butterfly valve.
- reaction space R need not be absolutely vacuum-tight with respect to the remaining part of the reactor interior I.
- this separation is so dense that, during operation of the process, there is hardly any gas diffusion from the reaction space R into the remaining part of the reactor interior I.
- the total pressure in the remaining part of the reactor interior I can preferably be selected to be somewhat lower than the total pressure in the reaction space R during the CVD process.
- a component carrier 57 is mounted inside the reaction space R, which in the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is designed, for example, as a wafer, disc-shaped components positioned horizontally and stacked vertically one under the other.
- the carrier 57 is driven in a vertically controlled manner and can be moved up and down.
- a loading / unloading opening both through the wall 48a of the reaction recipient 48 and through that of the reactor recipient 41 must allow mutual access from the outside of the reactor to the reaction space R.
- the reaction recipient 48 is divided into an upper part 48 0 and 48 u .
- the carrier 57 is anchored to the upper part 48 0 . With the aid of a lifting mechanism 59, the upper part 48 0 of the reaction recipient 48 is raised, so that also the carrier 57.
- Slit valve 61 closable loading / unloading opening 63 is provided, with a plane of symmetry E that is at least approximately aligned with the dividing lines 65 formed in the closed state of the recipient 48, between the upper 48 0 and lower 48 u part of the reaction recipient 48.
- This reactor is loaded and unloaded as follows:
- the upper part 48 0 of the reaction recipient 48 is raised with the lifting mechanism 59 and thus also the carrier 57.
- Controlled stepping drives position component receptacles 56 to be unloaded or loaded on the carrier 57 at the height of the loading / unloading opening 63.
- this opening 63 as indicated by the disk-shaped component 65 in FIG. 4, the carrier 57 or its receptacles 56 can be loaded or unloaded sequentially by a transport mechanism flanged onto the opening 63.
- the upper part 48 0 is lowered with the carrier 57 and the reaction recipient 48 is thus closed.
- two of the openings 63 may be provided for separate loading and unloading.
- the reaction space R is kept at the necessary process temperature.
- a heating arrangement 67 is mounted in the remaining space I, which surrounds the reaction recipient 48, that is to say in a vacuum.
- the heating arrangement 67 is preferably designed as a multi-zone jet heater.
- a heat diffuser 69 is provided, for example made of graphite. Instead of providing a diffuser 69 as a single component, the diffuser function with the wall 48a of the
- Reaction recipients 48 are combined by coating the inside and / or outside with diffuser material, preferably with graphite. Possibly. can even the wall of the recipient 48 act as a diffuser, in that it is made of a diffuser material, such as preferably graphite, internally coated, for example, with Si or SiC, a material which is inert to the heated process gases in order to limit the reaction space R directly.
- diffuser material preferably with graphite.
- a thermal insulator 71 for example consisting of a porous graphite material, is preferably further installed between the heating arrangement 67 and the inner surface of the wall 41a, as shown in FIG. 4.
- reaction recipient 48 If the reaction recipient 48 is closed, the actual process for layer deposition on the components 56 held on the carrier 57 can be started.
- a process gas or process gas mixture G is fed from a gas tank arrangement 52 to the reaction space R via a gas inlet system 73.
- the desired defined layer deposition takes place at a specifically set component temperature and preferably - temperature distribution, depending on the type of process gas let in and the time during which the components are exposed to the respective gas.
- a heating arrangement 67 is arranged. As shown schematically in FIG. 5, but not in FIG. 4 for reasons of clarity, a plurality of radiant heaters 67a, b, c... Are arranged along the wall 48a of the reaction recipient 48. A plurality of thermal sensors 75a, 75b etc. are preferably mounted within the reaction space R.
- the output signals of the thermocouples are preferably digitized and fed to a computing unit 77, on the one hand and as indicated in the block of the unit 77, the temperature distribution ⁇ (x, y) in the reaction space R is determined from the output signals of the thermocouples 75a, b, c ... and also the level of mean temperature 3.
- the computing unit 77 is further inputted by a default unit 68, shown schematically in FIG. 5, to a target temperature distribution W at a predetermined or predeterminable level ⁇ , which is compared in the computing unit 77 with the actual distribution.
- the computing unit 77 is output on the output side of the computing unit 77, to which the digitally operating controller unit 79 is preferably also integrated, for each of the heating elements 67a, b ... provided, so that there are differences in time and value Position of these heating elements 67a, b ... acting as actuators, the temperature distribution ⁇ (x, y) im
- Reaction space R and its temperature level 9 are regulated to the predetermined target distribution and the predetermined target level.
- thermocouples 75a, b, c which are preferably arranged on the wall 48a of the reaction recipient 48 in the reaction space R according to FIG preferably also provided directly at the point of interest, namely in the area of the component or wafer surfaces, in particular thermal sensors, but preferably also heating elements.
- FIG. 6 several component or wafer receptacles 77a, 77b are mounted on the carrier 57 according to FIG. 4, which is shown enlarged, schematically and in sections.
- the disc-shaped components 21 to be treated are placed, for example, on upstanding supports 79 on these receptacles 77a, b, ...
- a plurality of heating elements 81a, b are preferably each distributed, which are therefore thermally closely coupled to the surface of the component.
- Thermal sensors 83 are also installed, also directly distributed in the area of the components 21 placed thereon.
- the temperature distribution on each component 21 is determined for itself, on the other hand, with the preferably provided multiple heating elements 81a, b, c ... this temperature distribution and its
- Absolute level can be intervened and / or via the multi-zone jet heater of the heating arrangement 67 of FIG. 4.
- the measurement signal lines and control signal lines from or to the thermal sensors 83 or heating elements 81 are (not shown) e.g. through the vertical arm 57a of the bracket 57.
- a UHV- carried out in a reactor as described with reference to FIG. CVD process can be described.
- the preferred growth of p-doped SiGe layers, for example for hetero-bipolar transistors, is described specifically, the process sequence also being readily available for depositing other layers.
- the reaction space R is heated to the necessary process temperature T P , for depositing the mentioned SiGe layers at 550 ° C.
- a purge gas preferably hydrogen
- the loading opening 63 is opened by opening the valve 61 against a vacuum transport chamber 13a ,
- the preferred purge gas preferably hydrogen
- the components While maintaining the purging gas flow, the components, in particular wafers according to FIG. 4, are loaded into the carrier 57, the latter (together with part 48 0 ) being lifted up step by step with the drive device 59 in order to in each case have a free receptacle 77 according to FIG. 6 in alignment with the loading opening 63 and the loading robot.
- the loading opening 63 is closed with the valve 61 and likewise the reaction space R by lowering the part 48 ⁇ and simultaneous lowering of the carrier 57 into the treatment position, which is shown in FIG. 4.
- the heat conduction gas is not a process gas
- its flow is stopped and the process gas or process gas mixture G is now let into the closed reaction space R via the inlet arrangement 73 by the gas tank arrangement 52.
- a first layer is deposited on the component surface or wafer surface.
- silane is used as the process gas.
- the purge gas flow is switched on again, preferably a hydrogen flow, and access is provided for one in the vacuum transport chamber according to FIG. 13a by opening valve 61 and lifting part 48 0 Transport robot cleared. Again, the carrier 57 is raised or lowered step by step in order to align the treated wafers for access to the loading / unloading opening 63.
- an undoped SiGe layer is deposited by adding German and helium to the silane flow, preferably to about 5% of the silane flow.
- Such multi-process station systems can be linear, in the sense that the component transport between the individual process stations is at least largely linear.
- the process stations provided are preferably at least in part arranged circularly around a vacuum transport chamber to form a circular system or a circular system part.
- Such systems, on which several process stations are operated in vacuum by linear and / or circular transport routes, are commonly referred to as so-called “cluster tool systems”.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a cluster tool system according to the invention, based on the principle explained with reference to FIG. 3 and configured, for example, as a circular system.
- the system comprises a cassette loading module 93 on the normal atmosphere side, known as a so-called FOUP, front opening unified pod module.
- This cassette loading module 93 is designed to hold at least one wafer or component cassette 93a, in the case of the treatment of wafers, for example, with a capacity of 25 vertically stacked, horizontally lying wafers.
- Individual wafers are transported from the wafer cassette 93a into a first lock chamber 97 via a wafer handler 95 which continues to operate in a normal atmosphere.
- a cleaning module 99 This is done by a vacuum transport chamber 101 and the wafer handler 101a working therein in vacuum.
- the cleaning module 99 either high-temperature cleaning takes place in a hydrogen atmosphere, or another gas phase cleaning or, and preferably, cleaning to be described, using deep-energy plasmas.
- a storage chamber 103 and a second cleaning module 99 a are preferably also provided. This allows the lock chamber 97 in both wafer cleaning modules 99 and 99 a in parallel, are thus at the same time, cleaned and then they are formed by the vacuum acting in the handler 101, in the memory cartridge
- Storage chamber 103 filed. This until the number of wafers that can be accommodated by the carrier in an intended UHV-CVD reactor 105 is cleaned in storage chambers 103 for the UHV-CVD process.
- Both chambers 97 and 103 with cassette receptacles are preferably designed as lock chambers.
- the individual wafers are transported in a very short time by means of the handler 101a operating in a vacuum into the carrier 57 of the UHV-CVD reactor which is preferably designed as explained with reference to FIG. 4 105th
- the wafers are transported back from the carrier 57 of the UHV-CVD reactor 105 back into one of the two lock chambers 97 and 103, ie in their cassette and then further from the corresponding lock chamber 97 and 103 into the Cassette of the cassette loading module 93.
- the wafers can be transported, cleaned and finally treated in a batch configuration with UHV-CVD, which are larger than 200 x 200 mm, or one
- a typical handling sequence is then described with a view to the circular cluster tool system according to FIG. 7.
- Diameters 0 of at least 300 mm or an extension of 300 x 300 mm are loaded into the atmosphere-side cassette module 93 according to FIG. 7, for example 25 pieces.
- the wafer handler 95 is then used to transport wafers individually from the cassette module 93 into the cassette of one of the lock chambers 97 and 103, respectively.
- the cleaned 25 wafers in the cassette of the lock chamber 103 are loaded into the UHV-CVD reactor 105 by means of the handler 101a.
- the cleaned 25 wafers are loaded from the intermediate storage 103 into the carrier 57 for the wafer batch in the UHV-CVD reactor 105, typically within 5 minutes.
- the coating process in the UHV-CVD reactor is now started, with a typical process time for p-doped SiGe layer systems of approximately 2-3 hours.
- a new cassette with unprocessed wafers is inserted into the cassette loading module 93, and so on these wafers are cleaned in the manner described above on the cleaning modules 99 and 99a and temporarily stored in one of the lock chamber cassettes.
- the processed wafers are individually unloaded from the carrier 57 by means of the wafer handler 101a and placed in the free lock chamber cassette 97 or 103. From there, the handler 95a working on the atmosphere is used for the return transport to a free cassette in the cassette loading module 93.
- two or more of the UHV-CVD processes described can be used in combination in a cluster system and correspondingly different configurations of further process modules.
- DC plasmas are preferably used, preferably low-voltage plasmas, e.g. generated by thermionic cathodes, which develop ion energies E on the surfaces to be coated or cleaned, for which the following applies:
- Hydrogen and / or nitrogen, or gas with a proportion of at least one of the gases mentioned is particularly preferably used as the reactive gas for the low-energy plasma-assisted cleaning processes mentioned.
- the cleaning processes upstream of the UHV-CVD processes and the corresponding process stations for low-energy plasma-supported reactive cleaning processes are implemented with particular preference and with a view to the system according to FIG. 7.
- the vacuum treatment system according to the invention or the UHV-CVD reactor according to the invention in particular Components are produced by depositing atomic layer layers (Atomic Layer Deposition) or by depositing epitaxial layers or by coating deeply profiled surfaces, such as surfaces with so-called deep trenches.
- atomic layer layers Atomic Layer Deposition
- epitaxial layers or by coating deeply profiled surfaces, such as surfaces with so-called deep trenches.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003534648A JP2005505146A (ja) | 2001-10-12 | 2002-08-28 | 構造エレメントの製造方法および超真空cvd反応装置 |
EP02754096A EP1434898A1 (de) | 2001-10-12 | 2002-08-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung von bauelementen und ultrahochvakuum-cvd-reaktor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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CH1889/01 | 2001-10-12 | ||
CH18892001 | 2001-10-12 |
Publications (1)
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WO2003031680A1 true WO2003031680A1 (de) | 2003-04-17 |
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PCT/CH2002/000467 WO2003031680A1 (de) | 2001-10-12 | 2002-08-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung von bauelementen und ultrahochvakuum-cvd-reaktor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1434898A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005505146A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1568379A (de) |
TW (1) | TW578215B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003031680A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8182608B2 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2012-05-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Deposition system for thin film formation |
JP2011168881A (ja) * | 2010-01-25 | 2011-09-01 | Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc | 半導体装置の製造方法及び基板処理装置 |
CN102001650B (zh) * | 2010-12-28 | 2013-05-29 | 上海师范大学 | 冷腔壁条件下化学气相沉积制备石墨烯的方法 |
JP6086254B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2017-03-01 | 日新イオン機器株式会社 | 基板処理装置 |
CN111530118B (zh) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-12-10 | 郑州大学 | 一种超高真空设备 |
CN111876752A (zh) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | 一种mocvd装置及半导体材料生产设备 |
Citations (6)
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EP0463863A1 (de) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-01-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Verfahren zum Gasphasenabscheiden |
US5755938A (en) * | 1993-08-24 | 1998-05-26 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Single chamber for CVD and sputtering film manufacturing |
US5906680A (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1999-05-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for low temperature, low pressure chemical vapor deposition of epitaxial silicon layers |
JPH11297705A (ja) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-29 | Kokusai Electric Co Ltd | 基板加熱装置 |
US6013134A (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 2000-01-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Advance integrated chemical vapor deposition (AICVD) for semiconductor devices |
JP2001102314A (ja) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-13 | Sukegawa Electric Co Ltd | 縦型加熱装置 |
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2002
- 2002-08-28 CN CN 02820218 patent/CN1568379A/zh active Pending
- 2002-08-28 JP JP2003534648A patent/JP2005505146A/ja active Pending
- 2002-08-28 WO PCT/CH2002/000467 patent/WO2003031680A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-08-28 EP EP02754096A patent/EP1434898A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-10-09 TW TW91123272A patent/TW578215B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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US5906680A (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1999-05-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for low temperature, low pressure chemical vapor deposition of epitaxial silicon layers |
EP0463863A1 (de) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-01-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Verfahren zum Gasphasenabscheiden |
US5755938A (en) * | 1993-08-24 | 1998-05-26 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Single chamber for CVD and sputtering film manufacturing |
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JPH11297705A (ja) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-29 | Kokusai Electric Co Ltd | 基板加熱装置 |
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KLAUS J W ET AL: "ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION OF SIO2 USNG CATALYZED AND UNCATALYZED SELF-LIMITING SURFACE REACTIONS", SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO, SG, vol. 6, no. 3/4, June 1999 (1999-06-01), pages 435 - 448, XP000972688, ISSN: 0218-625X * |
M. HENDRIKS: "INTERFACE ENGINEERING IN SILICON SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING USING A VACUUM CLUSTER TOOL", MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, ELSEVIER PUBLISHERS BV., AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 25, no. 2/4, 1 August 1994 (1994-08-01), pages 185 - 200, XP000460655, ISSN: 0167-9317 * |
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THOMSEN E V ET AL: "Cold-walled UHV/CVD batch reactor for the growth of Si1-xGex layers", THIN SOLID FILMS, ELSEVIER-SEQUOIA S.A. LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 294, no. 1-2, 15 February 1997 (1997-02-15), pages 72 - 75, XP004225573, ISSN: 0040-6090 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1434898A1 (de) | 2004-07-07 |
JP2005505146A (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
TW578215B (en) | 2004-03-01 |
CN1568379A (zh) | 2005-01-19 |
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