WO2003008711A1

WO2003008711A1 - Soundproofing wall

Info

Publication number: WO2003008711A1
Application number: PCT/CH2001/000447
Authority: WO
Inventors: Paul Andermatt
Original assignee: Paul Andermatt
Priority date: 2001-07-16
Filing date: 2001-07-16
Publication date: 2003-01-30

Abstract

The invention relates to a soundproofing wall (14) with at least one soundproofing element (1). According to the invention, the at least one soundproofing element (1) comprises a mixture of expanded glass or expanded clay and cement. The at least one soundproofing element (1) may be fixed by means of at least one retaining element.

Description

Noise barrier

The invention relates to a soundproof wall according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

In view of the increasing noise development in today's societies, attempts are being made to keep noise emissions as low as possible for the people concerned by taking adequate noise protection measures. A distinction must be made between active and passive measures - which reduce noise development or which shield people from noise as much as possible. Soundproof walls, which are used in various types of training, play a special role in passive noise protection measures. They usually have brackets to which the soundproofing elements are attached, which have been developed according to different criteria. The soundproofing elements are made of different materials such as plastic, metal or glass and have different shapes. The shape plays an important role here, since it decisively determines the reflection and damping properties of the soundproofing elements.

In addition to simple soundproofing elements, which consist of plates with flat surfaces or perforated plates, elements are known which additionally reduce the noise due to a special surface texture. This can be done by choosing a particularly porous material or by special surface structures.

The patent specification DE 27 21 408, which describes a soundproofing wall of the type mentioned at the outset, has soundproofing elements whose absorption layer, which is crucial for noise reduction, consists of open-pore lightweight concrete slabs, which, however, are both expensive to produce and difficult to assemble and are relatively prone to breakage.

In the patent DE 23 26 757 soundproofing elements are described, which consist partly of the actual absorption layer and a dense second layer. However, this structure leads to a reduction in noise reduction. Due to the construction, the soundproofing elements must also be reinforced. Another way to reduce noise is to structure the absorption layer to increase the attenuation of the incident sound waves.

The patent specification CH 671 054 A5 is based on this principle. Then two lightweight concrete layers are placed on a solid supporting plate, the uppermost pyramid-shaped elevations, which should show a particularly high absorption capacity. This principle is expanded in patent specification DE 44 11 003 A1, in that the elevations are formed from other geometric bodies with a conical, truncated cone or prism-shaped cross-sectional structure, and in patent specification WO 98/26131 by a particularly dense arrangement of the elevations.

The invention has for its object to provide a soundproof wall of the type mentioned, which has an improved noise reduction compared to previous soundproof walls and is easy and safe to install.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a soundproof wall with the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous further developments are the subject of the subclaims.

It is advantageous that the mixture of expanded glass or expanded clay on the one hand and cement on the other hand has a lower density than the mixtures usually used in the prior art for the at least one soundproofing element. This makes it possible to transport and store the protective wall according to the invention much more easily and with less effort than with conventional soundproof walls.

According to a development of the invention, the at least one soundproofing element has an open-pore, highly porous layer and an adjoining porous layer or, alternatively, an open-pore, highly porous layer, an adjoining porous layer and another adjoining dense or porous layer , wherein the dense layer is made of potting material and the open-pore, highly porous layer is arranged facing the noise source. It is favorable that the open-pore, highly porous layer has a large specific Surface and thus has numerous pores, which are available to absorb the sound. With the help of the porous layer or the further dense or porous layer, a soundproofing element is thus ultimately created which has a sufficiently high strength and is easy to process and process.

According to a development of the invention, the open-pore, highly porous layer takes up about a quarter of the volume of the at least one soundproofing element and the porous layer takes up about half to three quarters of the volume of the at least one soundproofing element. The soundproofing element according to the invention can thus also be produced in a few steps and thus extremely cost-effectively.

According to another development of the invention, the at least one soundproofing element has at least one reinforcement, preferably made of steel or plastic, whereby according to a first embodiment the at least one reinforcement is provided between the open-pore, highly porous layer and the adjacent porous layer, or according to a further embodiment one first reinforcement between the open-pore, highly porous layer and the adjacent porous layer and a second reinforcement in the further dense or porous layer is provided. With the aid of the at least one reinforcement, the strength, in particular flexural and torsional strength, of the soundproofing wall according to the invention is further improved. This largely ensures that, even in high heat, not entire plate parts of the soundproofing element can fall off a ceiling, for example, but at most no pieces that cannot harm anyone.

The porous layer advantageously consists of a denser mixture of expanded glass or expanded clay with cement. This creates a simple possibility of ultimately producing the open-pore, highly porous layer and the porous layer using the same ingredients and merely changing the porosity of the material.

According to another development of the invention, the porous layer and / or the further dense or porous layer is preferably reinforced with mineral or glass fibers by means of insulating strips. This is the one hand Absorbency of the soundproofing element according to the invention, on the other hand additionally improves the strength of the element in question, so that such an element is comparatively easy to assemble or attach even under difficult conditions.

According to another development of the invention, the surface of the open-pore, highly porous layer is wave-shaped or provided with groove-shaped depressions. As a result, the sound-insulating properties of the soundproofing wall according to the invention are further improved, such a soundproofing wall being able to be used primarily in the area of passenger traffic, in particular on motorways.

According to a development of the invention, at least one mounting element is provided, by means of which the at least one soundproofing element can be fixed, wherein according to a first embodiment, the at least one mounting element has one or more screws which completely penetrate the at least one soundproofing element and with which the at least one soundproofing element can be fastened to a wall and / or a ceiling and / or to a pile-shaped support of the at least one support element, or according to another embodiment the at least one support element has an H-shaped or U-shaped support support and a tensioning device by means of which the soundproofing element can be fixed to the respective support beam. The soundproofing element according to the invention can thus be easily attached to a wall or a ceiling or to a floor in such a way that the soundproofing element is held securely in its place even in the event of a fire. This applies in particular when the soundproofing wall according to the invention is used in tunnels. By means of the support beams mentioned, it is also possible, for example, to mount the soundproofing wall according to the invention on roads or in the vicinity of noisy factory premises or on railway lines.

According to an advantageous further development, the tensioning device is a tensioning screw which partially penetrates the soundproofing element and which is screwed into the soundproofing element inserted into the support beam and braced together with the latter against the support beam. That’s it at least one soundproofing element is held securely in or on the support beam and is effectively prevented from sliding out of it.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a preferably continuous insulation made of plastic or special rubber is inserted between the soundproofing element and the support or between the soundproofing element and the support support of the at least one mounting element, which is preferably in the state of the at least one mounting element fixed to the at least one mounting element is pressed together. The sound waves are thus prevented from passing through the space provided between the at least one mounting element and the soundproofing element. As a result, the sound insulation of the soundproofing wall according to the invention is further improved.

Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are explained in more detail below with the aid of the drawing, all of the features described and / or illustrated individually or in any combination forming the subject matter of the present invention, regardless of how they are summarized in the claims or their relationship. Show it:

Fig. 1 with horizontal cross sections through a soundproof wall

Soundproofing elements and H-shaped (Fig. 1a) and U-shaped support beams (Fig. 1 b);

2 shows horizontal cross sections through the soundproofing wall with two soundproofing elements (FIG. 2a) or one soundproofing element (FIG. 2b) per support as a holding element;

3 shows a perspective, exploded, schematic view of a soundproofing element according to a first embodiment (FIG. 3a) and according to a second embodiment (FIG. 3b);

4a is a perspective, exploded, schematic view of a soundproofing element according to a third embodiment; and Fig. 4b is a schematic plan view of an assembled soundproofing element according to the second embodiment.

1 shows a soundproof wall 14, which is fixed according to a first assembly variant. The soundproofing wall 14 has soundproofing elements 1 which are inserted in the middle region of the soundproofing wall into an H-shaped support beam 3 (see FIG. 1 a) and / or at the end into a final U-shaped support beam 4 (see FIG. 1 b). The H-shaped support beam 3 and the U-shaped support beam 4 form a mounting element 15 of the soundproofing wall 14, by means of which the at least one soundproofing element 1 can be fixed.

In order to prevent reflection of the noise on the inner regions of the holding elements 15 in the direction of the side facing away from the noise, a continuous insulating band made of plastic or special rubber is inserted between each soundproofing element 1 and the respective support beams 3, 4 of the holding element 15.

The at least one mounting element 15 also has a tensioning device 16, by means of which the respective soundproofing element 1 can be fixed to the respective support bracket 3, 4. The tensioning device 16 is a tensioning screw 2 which partially penetrates the respective soundproofing element 1 and which is screwed into the soundproofing element 1 pushed into the respective support bracket 3, 4 and braced together with the latter against the respective support bracket. There are therefore a number of clamping devices 16, namely clamping screws 2, inserted into the respective soundproofing element, which can be screwed out of the soundproofing element 1 after the soundproofing element 1 has been inserted into the respective support bracket using a wrench (not shown) until they touch the inside of the mounting elements 15 and enable a displacement-free fit of the soundproofing element 1. The sound cannot bypass the soundproofing element since the insulating band is compressed when the soundproofing element is fixed to the at least one mounting element 15.

FIG. 2 shows a second mounting variant of the soundproofing wall 14. The at least one mounting element 15 has one or more that at least one soundproofing element 1 completely penetrating clamping screws 2, with which the at least one soundproofing element 1 on a wall and / or a ceiling, not shown, or, as shown in FIGS. 2a and b, on a pile-shaped support 7 of the holding element 15 is attachable.

Two soundproofing elements 1 (see FIG. 2a) are fastened in the middle region of the soundproofing wall, while a soundproofing element 1 (see FIG. 2b) is fastened to the supports 7 of the mounting elements 15 using the tensioning screws 2. In order to prevent the reflection of the noise at the connection points between the beams 7 and the soundproofing elements 1, an insulating band 6 made of plastic or special rubber, which has holes at regular intervals, is placed between the elements, analogously to the first mounting variant, around the tensioning screws 2 in the beams 7 can be introduced and put on.

In this respect, an insulating band 6 is also inserted between the respective protective element 1 and the carrier 7, which is pressed together when the clamping screws 2 are tightened, as in the case of the mounting variant in FIG. 1.

According to the invention, the at least one soundproofing element 1 is a mixture of expanded glass or expanded clay on the one hand and cement on the other.

3, the structure of the soundproofing elements 1 according to various embodiments is shown schematically in a perspective, exploded view.

The at least one soundproofing element 1 has an open-pore, highly porous layer 8 and an adjoining porous layer 9 according to an embodiment which is not shown or, alternatively, an open-pore, highly porous layer 8, an adjoining porous layer 9 and another adjoining density or porous layer 10 as shown in Figures 3a and b. The dense layer 10 is made of potting material. The open-pore, highly porous layer 8 is arranged facing the noise source. Each of these soundproofing elements consists of expanded glass or expanded clay and is bound with cement. According to a Preferred embodiment, the open-pore, highly porous layer 8 takes up about a quarter of the volume of the respective soundproofing element 1 and the porous layer 9 takes up about half to three quarters of the volume of the respective soundproofing element 1.

As shown in FIG. 3, the soundproofing element 1 has at least one reinforcement 11, preferably made of steel or plastic. According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one reinforcement 11 is provided between the open-pore, highly porous layer 8 and the adjacent porous layer 9. In this case, the only provided reinforcement 11 is reinforced.

The porous layer 9 consists of a denser mixture of expanded glass or expanded clay with cement. 3, the dense or porous layer 10 adjoins the porous layer 9. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a first reinforcement 12 is provided between the open-pore, highly porous layer 8 and the adjacent porous layer 9 and a second reinforcement 13 in the further dense or porous layer 10. As mentioned, it is therefore possible to have only one reinforcement, preferably between the open-pore, highly porous layer 8 and the porous layer 9, or also two reinforcements, preferably between the open-pore, highly porous layer 8 and the porous layer 9 and within the dense or porous layer 10 provided.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3b, the surface 17 of the open-pore, highly porous layer 8 is wave-shaped (not shown) or provided with groove-shaped depressions 18. The depressions 18 can have a depth of approximately 10 mm. It is also possible to provide ribs with a height of up to approximately 6 cm instead of the depressions. As shown in FIG. 3 b, the depressions 18 can extend to approximately half the thickness of the entire open-pore, highly porous layer 8.

A further embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 4a in a perspective, exploded view. Here the further dense or porous layer 10 is reinforced by means of insulating strips 19, preferably made of mineral or glass fibers. It is also possible, to provide these insulation strips in the porous layer 9. These serve for an additional absorption of the sound. It is clear that the insulation insulation strips extend over the entire depth of the soundproofing element, as is indicated in FIG. 4 a in relation to the insulation insulation strip 19 on the right. For the sake of simplicity and a better overview, the other insulation insulation strips 19 are only indicated schematically in FIG. 4a.

As indicated in FIG. 4a, according to a further embodiment, a plurality of depressions 20 are provided on the surface 17 of the open-pore, highly porous layer 8, only one of these depressions being shown schematically in FIG. 4a. Such depressions are also shown in FIG. 2 and serve to receive a screw head (not shown in FIG. 4a) of a tension screw 2, which is only indicated schematically and extends through the entire soundproofing element 1. For this purpose, the respective soundproofing element 1 has a bore (not shown in more detail) for receiving the clamping screw. Each clamping screw 2 can then be screwed into the wall or ceiling or the floor in question, for example, via dowels, not shown.

The soundproofing element 1 shown in FIG. 4a can preferably be attached to the ceilings and walls of tunnels and can therefore be securely fastened in the so-called in-situ concrete of the tunnel. With soundproofing elements of this type, even in the case of large fires, there is no risk that entire elements or larger parts of the soundproofing elements will fall off the ceiling or the walls. The reinforcement 11 serves in particular primarily in the form of a first reinforcement 12 and a second reinforcement 13, which can also be in the form of a steel or plastic network.

A top view of an upright soundproofing element 1 according to FIG. 3b is shown schematically in FIG. 4b, the reinforcements 11, 12, which are not visible in a top view, also being shown in solid lines in FIG. 4b for the sake of a better overview. It is clear that the illustration shown in FIG. 4b is only a partial view. This soundproofing element, with its left end in FIG. 4b, similar to the illustration according to FIG. 1, is inserted into a holding element 15 in the form of the H-shaped support beam 3 and only by means of that in FIG. 4b schematically indicated clamping screw clamped. The clamping screw 2 can be partially screwed into a sleeve 21 arranged in the soundproofing element (only schematically indicated in FIG. 4b).

As mentioned above, the soundproofing elements 1 according to FIGS. 3a, 4a can be installed on the ceilings and walls of a tunnel with the aid of self-drilling dowels.

The soundproof walls 1 constructed according to FIGS. 3b and 4b are plate-shaped elements and are particularly suitable for soundproof walls on motorways. As mentioned, these soundproofing elements are not screwed on, but inserted into support beams. The H-shaped support beams are first concreted in at a distance of approximately one slab width at the edge of the motorway. The soundproofing elements can then be lowered into the H-shaped support beams from above, the undulating or recessed surface 17 coming to rest on the side of the motorway.

These soundproof walls 14, as indicated in FIG. 4b, are provided with the insulating band 5 in order to obtain better sound insulation and to prevent the sound waves from penetrating through the joints between the H-shaped support beam and the soundproofing element. In order to ensure a good fit of the insulation band, the clamping screw 2 on the side opposite the insulation band is unscrewed so far that it presses the plate on the other side against the H-shaped support beam and thereby compresses the insulation band. After the soundproofing elements have been inserted, the clamping screw can be easily removed using special keys. As mentioned, the insulating tape is preferably made of plastic or a special rubber so that it cannot absorb water.

The soundproofing element 1 is preferably produced in six steps in a trough-like shape. In the following, the production of such a sound element made of expanded glass or expanded clay as a starting material will be described as an example. First, a cement-expanded glass mixture is poured into the mold, which then sets gradually and forms an open-pore, porous structure that enables particularly good noise reduction. The first reinforcement 12 is then placed on top and the second expanded glass / cement mixture is poured into the mold. During the setting of this mixture, the somewhat denser porous layer 9 forms seamlessly after the open-pore, highly porous layer 8. The dense or porous layer 10, which is applied in three steps, also contributes to the stability of the soundproofing element. In the case of the formation of the layer 10 as a dense layer, the first half of the potting material is first filled into the mold, onto which the second reinforcement 13 is placed during the setting. The rest of the potting material then closes off the dense layer. After the material has set and solidified, the soundproofing element 1 is separated from the mold.

The proposed soundproof wall has significant advantages over the widespread constructions and those described in the patent literature.

The selected structure of several stabilized layers with increasing porosity towards the noise source ensures a very good noise reduction, which is based on the continued propagation and damping of sound within the top, open-pore, highly porous layer 8 and the porous layer 9. Accordingly, measurements of airborne sound insulation and absorption show very good noise reduction over a wide frequency range. The selected structure of the soundproofing elements 1 enables inexpensive production, which can be done manually in small numbers to meet detailed customer requirements or automatically in large numbers. Both high-quality new and recycled raw materials in the form of the expanded glasses and clays described here, which enable environmentally sound production of the soundproofing elements, are suitable as materials. The soundproofing elements 1 are also characterized by very good heat and cold resistance and are resistant to other environmental influences such as road salt ingress in the street area or UV radiation.

An additional noise reduction can be achieved by means of the insulation strips made of mineral or fiberglass panels mentioned in the Soundproofing elements can be installed. They should preferably be installed between the reinforcements.

This ensures long durability and stable mounting of the soundproof wall. Due to the modular structure of the soundproof wall, the elements can be easily and inexpensively installed and easily integrated into the local environment. Since the soundproofing elements 1 and the mounting elements 15 can be made in different colors, it is possible to match the soundproofing wall to the surroundings without a restriction in the quality of living that can be found in other soundproofing walls.

Claims

claims

1. Soundproofing wall with at least one soundproofing element (1), characterized in that the at least one soundproofing element (1) is a mixture of expanded glass or expanded clay on the one hand and cement on the other.

2. Soundproofing wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one soundproofing element (1) is an open-pore, highly porous layer (8) and an adjoining porous layer (9) or, alternatively, an open-pore, highly porous layer (8) , has an adjoining porous layer (9) and another adjoining dense or porous layer (10), the dense layer (10) being made of potting material and the open-pore, highly porous layer (8) each facing the noise source is.

3. Soundproofing wall according to claim 2, characterized in that the open-pore, highly porous layer (8) about a quarter of the volume of the at least one soundproofing element (1) and the porous layer (9) about half to three quarters of the volume of the at least one soundproofing element (1) occupies.

4. Soundproofing wall according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least one soundproofing element (1) has at least one reinforcement (11) preferably made of steel or plastic.

5. Soundproof wall at least according to claims 2 and 4, characterized in that the at least one reinforcement (11) between the open-pore, highly porous layer (8) and the adjacent porous layer (9) is provided.

6. Soundproofing wall at least according to claims 2 and 4, characterized in that a first reinforcement (12) between the open-pore, highly porous layer (8) and the adjacent porous layer (9) and a second reinforcement (13) in the further tight or porous layer (10) is provided.

7. Soundproof wall at least according to claim 2, characterized in that the porous layer (9) consists of a more compressed mixture of expanded glass or expanded clay with cement.

8. Soundproofing wall at least according to claim 2, characterized in that the porous layer (9) and / or the further dense or porous layer (10) is preferably reinforced with mineral or glass fibers by means of insulating strips (19).

9. Soundproof wall at least according to claim 2, characterized in that the surface (17) of the open-pore, highly porous layer (8) is wave-shaped or is provided with groove-shaped depressions (18).

10. Soundproofing wall according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one mounting element (15), by means of which the at least one soundproofing element (1) can be fixed.

11. Soundproofing wall according to claim 10, characterized in that the at least one mounting element (15) has one or more clamping screws (2) which penetrate the at least one soundproofing element (1) completely, with which the at least one soundproofing element (1) is attached to one Wall and / or a ceiling and / or on a pole-shaped support (7) of the mounting element (15) can be fastened.

12. Soundproofing wall according to claim 10, characterized in that the at least one mounting element (15) has an H-shaped or U-shaped support beam (3, 4) and a tensioning device (16) by means of which the soundproofing element (1) on the respective Support bracket (3, 4) can be fixed.

13. Soundproofing wall according to claim 12, characterized in that the

Tensioning device (16) is a tension screw (2) which partially penetrates the soundproofing element (1) and which is screwed into the soundproofing element (1) pushed into the support bracket (3, 4) and clamped together with the latter against the support bracket (3, 4).

14. Soundproof wall according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that between the soundproofing element (1) and the carrier (7) or between the soundproofing element (1) and the respective support beam (3, 4) of the at least one mounting element (15) a preferably continuous insulating band (5, 6) made of plastic or special rubber is inserted.

15. Soundproofing wall according to claim 14, characterized in that the insulating band (5, 6) in the at least one holding element (15) fixed state of the at least one soundproofing element (1) is pressed together.