WO2016203057A1

WO2016203057A1 - Noise-absorbing component, and noise-protection wall comprising such a component

Info

Publication number: WO2016203057A1
Application number: PCT/EP2016/064226
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ronald Tschiersch; Christian Hoppe
Original assignee: Liaver Gmbh & Co.Kg
Priority date: 2015-06-19
Filing date: 2016-06-20
Publication date: 2016-12-22
Also published as: EP3310965A1; EP3310965B1; DK3310965T3

Abstract

The invention relates to a noise-absorbing component, in particular for outdoor use, comprising a noise-absorbing cover layer (03) and noise absorbers (06) which are embedded into the cover layer and which have an increased degree of absorption compared to the cover layer (03). The cover layer surface, which is oriented in the direction of the noise source, is flat, and the noise absorbers (06) are mutually spaced. An open absorption surface of the noise absorbers lies on a plane parallel to the surface of the cover layer, and the surface area which is occupied by the noise absorbers (06) is smaller than the surface area which is not occupied by the noise absorbers on said plane. The invention also relates to a noise-protection wall comprising a support layer (02) and numerous noise-absorbing components attached to the support layer.

Description

Sound-absorbing component

and soundproof wall with such

The present invention relates to a sound-absorbing component, which preferably has a plate-like basic shape but can also be produced in other shapes. The sound-absorbing component comprises a

Sound-absorbing cover layer and embedded therein

Sound absorber elements with respect to the top layer relevant increased absorption.

With increasing noise pollution, especially in the vicinity of traffic routes, the need for the construction of noise barriers in outdoor areas has increased significantly in recent years. Sound-absorbing components are not only needed on roads and railway lines, but also used, for example, in commercial areas with increased noise pollution. An acoustic objective is the most comprehensive possible absorption of sound or noise in a wide frequency range. In addition, the sound-absorbing components used outdoors must also be weather-resistant over a long period of time and also mechanical

Meet requirements that may result, for example, from a high wind load or possibly vandalism attacks. There are virtually no materials available today which have both a high mechanical

Have strength and resistance to environmental influences as well as a high degree of sound absorption over a wide frequency range.

In Scholl, W.: "Development and Application of Noise Protection Walls", Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics, IBP Communication 234, 20 (1993) explain the basics of absorption properties to be implemented on noise barriers.

From EP 0 417 049 A1 a plate element for a noise protection wall is known, which is composed of several material layers. In this case, a carrier layer is formed by using ^¬ interconnected wooden boards on which in the direction of the sound source is a continuous layer of rock wool or similar fiber material is applied. This noise absorbing layer is over the entire surface of another

Layer of a cement-bonded, porous material

covered. The material and manufacturing costs for such plate elements is high. The total thickness of the plate element must be large if useful absorption properties are to be achieved. Overall, this shows

Plate element only in certain frequency ranges suitable absorption properties, as essential frequency ranges are either already reflected on the continuous cover layer or can not be sufficiently absorbed by the enclosed rock wool layer, so there is an undesirable reflection of the sound at the rear wooden wall. The enclosed rock wool is ^moisture-¬ keitsempfindlich also so that the plate elements must be sealed either ^¬ consuming or abate the sound-absorbing properties over time.

In EP 1 508 650 Bl a method for producing a noise barrier of sound-absorbing components is described. An embodiment of the component produced thereafter has a support plate made of concrete, on which one or two ^¬ side facing shells are attached, containing the sintered Bläh ^¬ glass. Although sintered expanded glass is basically weather-resistant, it is more resistant to mechanical damage Stress very vulnerable. The facing shell of sintered expanded glass located on the outside of the sound-absorbing component is therefore already damaged under moderate mechanical stress, as can occur during the assembly process.

From DE 197 12 835 C3 a molded body made of a lightweight material is known, which has sound insulating properties.

EP 0 548 856 B1 shows a visual and noise protection wall with a support beam construction. In a specific embodiment strongly profiled sound absorption profiles are fixed on a concrete ^¬ support wall. The sound absorption profiles are made of lean-mixed lean concrete and have individual cavities that partially protrude into the lean concrete layer of the sound absorption profiles. To improve the sound insulation, these cavities can be filled with mineral wool. A disadvantage of this arrangement is the considerable profiling of the outwardly directed surface of the sound-absorbing profile, which, although leading to improved absorption properties, makes it impossible to use it with strong air currents, for example in the immediate vicinity of railways for high-speed trains. This also leads to a large total wall thickness and high weight.

In DE 42 31 487 AI a sound-absorbing Wandele ^¬ ment is disclosed, which has a support layer made of concrete. In the support layer, a large-scale depression is incorporated, in which a cover layer of individual plate-shaped elements, consisting of haufwerksporigem concrete, is used throughout the area. The porous concrete slabs improve the absorption properties, while the mechanical Stability of the underlying support layer is deteriorated. To further improve the sound absorption are areal trained sound absorption plates between the haufwerksporigen concrete elements and the support layer. The intermediate sound absorbing panels substantially fill the entire area in the recess, except for minor non-exposed areas at the edges of the individual porous concrete slabs. DE 25 24 906 AI describes a protective wall against

Noise pollution. The protective wall comprises a load-bearing,

simultaneously sound-absorbing reinforced concrete wall and a

Absorption layer, which are connected to each other by gluing or needling. The absorption layer consists of open-pored and fabric-reinforced sheets of plastic-bonded elastomeric fibers. The reinforced concrete wall has a profiling with grooves in the boundary region to the absorption layer. The grooves may be partially or completely filled with a secondary absorbent material. Alternatively, the absorbent material may also be applied only as a coating in the grooves. Softened fine and open-cell foams are preferably suitable as secondary absorption materials. The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a sound-absorbing component which on the one hand satisfies the environmental influences and operating conditions prevailing in the outside and on the other hand has a significantly improved overall absorption, in particular in the frequency range between 800 and 2,000 Hz, but more preferably also in the frequency range around 500 Hz and below in order to use the sound-absorbing component in noise protection efficiently. This object is achieved by a sound-absorbing component according to the appended claim 1. The sound-absorbing component according to the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that in the direction of

Sound source directed surface of the cover layer is just out ^¬ forms. Furthermore, the sound absorber elements are spaced vonein ^¬ other and each have at least one absorption surface, which in a plane parallel to

Cover layer lies, wherein in this plane that of the

Area occupied by sound absorber elements is smaller than the area not occupied by sound absorber elements. The absorption surface of the sound absorber element is considered to be an area which is open to the entry of sound waves.

The absorption surface can be free for this or covered by a sound-permeable material. A

Absorptive surface thus represents, for example, a surface of the sound absorbing element, which on the outside of the

Cover layer is or even with a layer of

Covering material is coated. The absorption surface is therefore below also as an open absorption surface

without this being equivalent in all embodiments with an exposed surface.

The invention is based first of the knowledge that for the production of a sufficient mechanical strength and stability against environmental influences on the one hand and to achieve a high overall absorption on the other hand, different materials must be combined, each with their desired properties are exploited ^¬ while the respective Materials inherent disadvantages can be compensated by other materials have to. This leads first to a partial solution, which is to be seen in that materials with a high degree of absorption are included in a material with a lower degree of absorption but higher mechanical strength, this partial aspect has already been isolated in the prior art. In addition, it is essential for the invention to recognize that it is acoustic at the interfaces of abutting, differently absorbing materials

Surface effects comes, the absorption effect

favor. In particular, sound wave diffraction, superposition of sound waves and absorption occur. The higher the difference of the flow resistances or absorption levels of the different materials, the larger are these interface effects. By using these effects, higher absorption values can be targeted, a broader one can be achieved

Achieve absorption and an increase in absorption in the low-frequency range. Such interfaces consist of two or more successive layers of different materials and along the already mentioned diffraction edges of in an absorber layer inserted absorber strip.

At the boundary lines between a highly absorbent material and a non-absorbing or poorly absorbing material, there is a diffraction of the sound waves arriving there, this diffracted sound wave component being superimposed with the sound waves to be absorbed, in order to partially or, in the best case, complete extinction of the sound waves reach, which leads to a significantly increased absorption rate. Such boundary lines are also referred to below as diffraction edges.

This knowledge makes use of the present invention, in a first embodiment, the diffraction edges in a Boundary level are formed on the surface facing away from the sound source surface of the cover layer. If the device according to the invention is attached to a carrier layer in preferred applications, this boundary plane lies between carrier layer and cover layer, so that said partial erasing effect occurs on the back side of the cover layer and thus both the superimposed sound waves and the diffracted sound waves must again pass through the entire cover layer a particularly high degree of absorption results.

A modified embodiment is characterized in that the sound absorber elements with an increased degree of absorption are completely or partially embedded in the cover layer and additionally have a frame element made of a sound-reflecting material. The frame element frames this

Sound absorber element on one or more sides and delimits it from the material of the cover layer, wherein at least the absorption surface remains open to sound to

Sound waves penetrate into the sound absorber element. The surfaces of the sound absorber element, the

are completely covered by the frame element, therefore represent no absorption surfaces, since the frame element

incoming sound waves substantially complete

reflected. The surfaces of the sound absorber element, which are not covered by the frame member, however, make

Absorbing surfaces, as sound waves enter and

be absorbed. At the interfaces between

Sound absorber element and frame element are particularly effective formed the diffraction edges mentioned. In addition, the frame members of the attachment of the

Sound absorber elements serve in the cover layer. Due to the inventive design thus slim, smooth, weather-resistant, impact-resistant sound-absorbing ^¬ components can be generated with predominant use of inexpensive (low absorbing) materials and more expensive with only a small proportion (highly absorbent, sensitive) materials. Thus, the inventive

Components are used for example particularly advantageous for sound absorption ^¬ on railway lines, where there is a regular little distance high-speed trains available, so strong air turbulence and high noise Belas ^¬ obligations occur.

An advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the sound-absorbing cover layer has an absorbance D = 0.3 to 0.75 and the sound absorber elements a

Absorbance _s = 0.8 to 1 have.

In a preferred embodiment the volume fraction of the trapped in the top layer is Schallabsorber- elements is between 10% and 45% of the total volume of the cover ^¬ layer. In particular, the cover layer consists of haufwerks ^¬ porous material.

It is advantageous if on the side opposite of the sound source surface of the cover layer a sound-permeable fabric ^¬ layer is attached, spanning the sound absorber elements at least partially. This offers the advantage that the stability of the component is increased overall and that the sound absorber elements are protected during transport and assembly and secured against falling out of the sound ^¬ absorbing component. Particularly preferably, the sound absorber elements occupy an area of 20% in the surface of the cover layer facing away from the sound source and have a depth of 50% to 80% of the thickness of the cover layer.

According to a modified embodiment, further

Schallabsorberelemente whose absorption coefficient is substantially higher than the absorption coefficient of the cover layer, in a

Carrier be embedded, which adjoins the outer layer in a boundary plane. In the border plane

thus also diffraction edges, which extend along the lines of contact between the sound absorber elements and the carrier layer. In a further modified

Embodiment, the sound absorber elements extend beyond the carrier layer into the cover layer, so that also in this case the contact lines between

Sound absorber elements and carrier layer in the boundary plane run. Furthermore, it is essential for the invention that the individual

Sound absorber elements are arranged spaced from each other, so that as many of the said diffraction edges ent ^¬ are. Finally, it is important that those of the

Sound absorber elements in or parallel to the boundary plane covered area less than 50% of the total area of

Boundary level includes.

According to a preferred embodiment, the sound absorber elements in the boundary plane cover less than 40% of the total area, preferably less than 30%, particularly preferably less than 25%. Already by such small surface portions of the sound absorber elements made of highly absorbent material, surprising overall absorption values are achieved. This leads to a cost reduction for the sound-absorbing sound element.

A particularly preferred embodiment uses sonic absorber elements covering an area of about 20% of the area of the

Cover cover layer. It has proved to be surprisingly appropriate to use strip-shaped sound absorber elements made of sintered expanded glass granules with a width of about 50 mm, which are spaced from each other by 200 mm. This leads to an optimized absorption ^¬ rate at frequencies around 500 Hz This configuration results in a targeted improvement in the low frequency range up to 500 Hz, especially for requirements for rail traffic. (See, eg, Guidelines for noise barriers along railway lines -.. RLE).

It has been found that larger distances between the strip-shaped sound absorber elements lead to improved absorption in the higher-frequency range, so that in this way the sound-absorbing component can be adapted to a preferred spectrum to be absorbed. This leads to a targeted broadband improvement in the range 500 to 3000 Hz for the requirement "highly absorbent" in the

Road traffic (cf Additional technical regulations and guidelines for the execution of noise barriers on roads - ZTV-Lsw 06). Of course, by appropriate arrangement of several sound absorber elements with different distances from each other and improved absorption values both in the range below 500 Hz and in the range up to 3,000 Hz can be achieved.

The combination according to the invention of the highly absorbent

Material of the sound absorbing element with the worse but in a wider frequency range absorbing material of Top layer leads to a surprisingly significantly increased overall absorption in the frequency range around 500 Hz, when the aforementioned materials used and said

Dimensions are complied with. This is for the

Use de sound-absorbing components on noise barriers significant. Of particular importance for the occurrence of this improvement is that the used

Absorber materials (in particular sintered expanded glass ^¬ granules) of the sound absorber element have stable acoustic Eigen- create.

Particularly preferably, the top layer boundaries and the carrier ^¬ layer in the boundary plane without leaving voids each other, possibly mediated via an adhesive layer when the covering layer and the backing layer are bonded together.

A particularly simple construction is obtained when the sound absorber elements end at immediacy ^¬ bar adjacent the carrier and cover layers in the boundary layer and do not extend into the support layer into it. In modified embodiments, cavities are formed on the side of the carrier layer facing the boundary plane, which receive sections of the sound absorber elements which project beyond the cover layer. Preferably, the sound absorber elements consist of a Gesin ^¬ failed expanded glass granulate, which is preferably formed strip- or cuboid. Sintered expanded glass granules have a very high absorption coefficient in the range = 0.8-1.0. However, other high absorbency materials may be used. In a modified

Embodiment, the strip-shaped sound absorber elements extend crosswise to each other, so that a grid is formed. For the connection between the optionally provided carrier layer and the cover layer other auxiliary and connecting means can be used in addition to the already mentioned adhesive bond, in particular retaining clips, frame members or mechanical fasteners, as are known in the art.

According to a preferred embodiment, the volume fraction of the included sound absorber elements is between 10% and 45% of the total volume of the cover layer. Since the cover layer consists of mechanically stable, albeit poorly sound-absorbing material, the low proportion of the more expensive, highly absorbent material of the sound absorber elements has a favorable effect on the overall costs of the sound-absorbing material

Component off. It has also been found that with the aforementioned volume ratio excellent overall absorption values ^¬ be reached, in particular, there is a sound-absorbing ^¬ increase in performance in the low frequency range <500 Hz.

In an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the sound absorber elements have a

Absorbency _s = 0.7 - 1 and the cover layer instead ^{¬ has} an absorption _D = 0.3 - 0.65. Depending on the selected geometry, total absorption values _G = 0.85-0.95 can be achieved with these values for the entire sound-absorbing component.

The cover layer is preferably made of hovwerksporigem material, in particular hovwerksporigem concrete. Modified embodiments may use other less well sound absorbing materials. The topcoat may be attached to her Sound source-oriented surface or have a profiling, if this is useful for the particular application. High overall absorption values can also be achieved with a flat surface.

As far as the sound absorber element has said frame member, this is preferably made of sheet steel with a thickness <1 mm or other hard material, eg. As plastic or fiber cement. The frame element can

For example, be formed as a U-shaped profile, so that the sound absorbing element is inserted into this profile. The frame element preferably extends completely in the cover layer. Surprisingly, it has been shown that increased absorption results are achieved even if the open absorption surface not covered by the frame element is arranged away from the sound source in the cover layer. Particularly preferably, the sound absorber element is arranged with the frame element in the cover layer such that it is surrounded on all sides by the cover layer.

The possibly provided carrier layer particularly preferably consists of non-sound-absorbing material with high load-bearing capacity, for example normal concrete. However, materials with a low degree of absorption are also suitable for the carrier layer in modified embodiments.

Using the sound-absorbing components described, the present invention also proposes a sound- ^proofing wall, which is characterized in that it has a carrier layer to which a plurality of sound-absorbing components ^{according to the} invention is attached. In a conventional manner, support structures for mounting and / or connection of the individual sound-absorbing

Components are used.

A preferred embodiment of such a soundproofing wall is further distinguished by the fact that the

Carrier layer additionally has embedded therein sound absorbing elements, which have an increased degree of absorption compared to the cover layer. The other sound absorber elements are arranged in the carrier layer such that their directed towards the cover layer surface lies in the boundary plane between the cover ^¬ layer and support layer. In turn are Beu ^¬ supply edges at the transition between superabsorbent material and the non or poorly absorbing material of the support layer available that support the interface effects described above.

In a preferred embodiment, the sound absorbing elements extend about 50% to 80% into the depth of the surrounding material of the carrier layer or the cover layer.

The cover layer preferably has a thickness between 5-6 cm. A connection of the sound-absorbing component with a carrier layer for the construction of a soundproof wall preferably has a total thickness between 8 and 12 cm.

Further advantages, details and developments of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments, with reference to the drawings. Show it:

1 shows a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the sound-absorbing component according to the invention with a cover layer; a sectional view parallel to a flat surface of the sound-absorbing component; a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment ^¬ form of the sound-absorbing component with a further sound absorbing element in one

Carrier layer; a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment ^¬ form of the sound-absorbing device with sound ^¬ absorber elements extending in the carrier layer and the cover layer; a cross-sectional view of a fourth

Embodiment of the sound-absorbing component with sound absorber elements in the carrier layer; a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the sound-absorbing device with different sound absorbing elements, which are equipped with frame members; a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the sound-absorbing device with further sound absorbing elements, which are equipped with frame members; a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the sound-absorbing component with further sound absorbing elements, with

Frame elements are equipped.

1 shows a first embodiment of a sound-absorbing component in a simplified cross-sectional view. In this embodiment, the sound-absorbing component, a cover layer 03 of a weak sound-absorbing material with an absorbance _D = 0.3 - 0.65. The cover layer 03 is formed over the entire surface and in practice, for example, has a thickness of 50 mm. In the less sound-absorbing cover layer

03 are a plurality of sound absorber elements 06 from highly absorbing ^¬ the material embedded, which have an absorbance _s = 0.7 - 1. The sound absorber elements 06 are designed, for example, as elongated strips with a cross section of 50 mm × 25 mm. Based on the total volume of the sound absorbing material used in the Bauele ^¬ ment have the sound absorbing elements 06, for example, a volume fraction of 20%, while the less absorbing cover layer 03 comprises a volume fraction of 80%.

The sound absorber elements consist in particular of a sintered expanded glass granulate, as supplied for example by the company Liaver GmbH & Co. KG under the brand name Reapor.

In a practical embodiment, the sound absorber ^¬ elements have a cross section of 50 mm x 25 mm, an absorbance _s = 0.95 and a volume fraction of the total sound-absorbing material of 20%. The sound absorber elements preferably have a width of 50 mm

Distance of 200 mm to each other (or the distance between the center axes of the sound absorber elements is about 250 mm). The less sound-absorbing cover layer 03 is formed in this example over its entire surface with a flat surface and a thickness of 50 mm. It represents a volume fraction of 80% of the total sound-absorbing material of the device and has an absorption _D = 0.5. A fabric layer 05 is attached to the underside of the top layer in the illustrated embodiment, which is sound-permeable ^¬ and the sound absorbing elements 06 is at least partially covered.

Fig. 2 shows the sound-absorbing component in one

Cut parallel to the surface. It can be seen that the sound absorber elements 06 strip-shaped in the material of

Cover layer 03 run.

Fig. 3 shows a modified embodiment in cross section. The cover layer 03 is in this case connected to a carrier layer 02. In the carrier layer 02 further Schall ^¬ absorber elements 06a are embedded. The support layer consists of a non-absorbent material, preferably normal ^¬ concrete. Between the carrier layer 02 and the cover layer 03, a boundary plane 04 is formed, on which the

adjacent layers may be connected for example by an adhesive. In addition to those in the outer layer 02

disposed another sound absorbing element 06a is within the support layer 03. The further sound absorber element 06a may consist of the same material as the sound absorber elements 06 and have the ^¬ same dimensions. The further Schallabsorber- element 06a is preferably introduced with its entire cross-section in the carrier layer 02, so that his

Top layer 03 directed upper side lies in the boundary plane 04 and preferably is not covered by the material of the carrier layer.

The inventive arrangement, as can be seen from Fig. 3, results using the above Absorption values of the cover layer and the sound absorber ^¬ elements a total absorption ^value of _G = 0.85.

This surprisingly high overall absorption value is created Due to the specific arrangement of the sound absorber elements a are allowed ^¬ such in the cover layer 03 and the backing layer 02 that sound waves (indicated by the arrows 07), as far as they penetrate the outer layer 03, a proportion of numerous diffraction edges 08 impinges and there undergoes a phase shift by diffraction. The phases shifted sound waves are superimposed with the sound waves that have penetrated the cover layer 03 and optionally reflected on the support layer 02, so that there is a partial erasure. In addition, further border effects may occur.

The diffraction edges 08 run along the lines of contact between the non-absorbing or only poorly sound-absorbing material of the carrier layer 02 or the cover layer 03 and the very good sound-absorbing material of the sound absorber ^elements 06, 06a. It is also essential for the occurrence of partial erasure in that the sound absorber elements 06 have a front ^¬ certain distance from one another, which preferably measures a multiple of their own width. For certain applications, an optimal distance of the Schallabsorberele ^¬ elements taking into account the wavelengths of the sound waves occurring can be calculated, for example, four times the width of the sound absorber elements. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the run

Diffraction edges 08 in the boundary plane 04, since the Schallabsorbe ^¬ relements 06 are embedded over their entire cross section in the cover ^¬ layer 03, so that the carrier layer 02 facing surface of the sound absorber elements 06 in the

Border level 04 is located. Regardless of the described effect of the diffraction and the partial erasure, the sound absorber elements 06 act in a conventional manner by sound absorption of the sound waves impinging directly on them.

The less sound-absorbing cover layer 03 consists, for example, of cement-bound, resin-bound or water-glass bonded material, with these materials typical lightweight aggregates are added, for example

Expanded clay, swelling slate, expanded glass, pumice, wood chips. at

The outer layer may also be made of foam material that is subject to little mechanical stress or is protected by other structural designs.

A further modified embodiment is shown in cross section in Fig. 4. There, sound absorber elements 06b are used, which extend in cross-section both in the carrier layer 02 and in the cover layer 03. The single ones

Sound absorber elements 06b may be formed in one piece or be designed as two separate elements, the z. B. in the border plane 04 abut each other.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the sound-absorbing component in a simplified cross-sectional view. In this embodiment, in particular for the sound absorption in the low-frequency

The sound-absorbing component comprises the carrier layer 02 and the covering layer 03 connected thereto. The carrier layer 02 consists of a non-absorbing or poorly absorbing, i. sound-reflecting material,

for example, normal concrete. The cover layer 03 consists of a weak sound-absorbing material with a Absorbance _D = 0.3 - 0.65. The cover layer 03 is here formed over the entire surface and in practice has, for example, a thickness of 50 mm. Between the carrier layer 02 and the cover layer 03, the boundary plane 04 is formed, to which the adjacent layers can be connected for example by an adhesive. In this embodiment, in the non or poorly sound-absorbing support layer 02 a plurality of sound absorber elements 06 of highly absorbent

Material embedded, which have an absorbance _s = 0.7 - 1. The sound absorbing elements 06 are also here, for example, as an elongated strip with a

Cross-section of 50 mm x 25 mm designed. The

Sound absorber elements consist in particular of a

sintered expanded glass granules.

Further modifications, which are not shown in the drawings, are characterized in that the carrier layer 02 has to some extent sound-absorbing properties. It is also possible to provide adjacent to the base layer 02 a further mechanical support which can be embodied as a frame or a plate, to carry the schallab ^¬ sorbing component.

FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 show further embodiments of the sound-absorbing component in a cross-sectional view, with different sound absorber elements 06 merely for explaining the conceivable structural variants

different positions in the cover layer 03 and / or the carrier layer 02 are located. An essential change to the previously explained embodiments is that the sound absorber elements 06 are each equipped with one or more frame elements 10. The

Frame member 10 consists of a sound-reflecting Material, such as thin sheet metal, plastic or

The like and covers or surrounds the sound absorbing element 06 on at least one side, preferably on three sides. At the interfaces between sound absorber element 06 and

Frame element 10 are caused by diffraction edges 08, wherein the difference in the degree of absorption of the adjacent

Materials is particularly high, so that the diffraction and extinction effect used by the invention occurs particularly strong.

The frame elements 10 leave at least one sound-open absorption surface of the sound absorber elements uncovered or partially uncovered. The absorption surface may or may not be directed towards the sound source. The

Sound absorber elements 06 and the formed diffraction edges

08 are also acoustically very absorbent effect when the reflected sound waves on the hard support layer 02 on these diffraction edges 08. In FIGS. 6 to 8 are different by way of example

Designs of the equipped with frame elements sound absorber elements drawn. A third sound absorber element 06c extends partially in the cover layer 03 and partially in the carrier layer 02, wherein the frame elements 10 each extend on the side surfaces of the sound absorber element, are L-shaped and extend only in the cover layer. A fourth sound absorber element 06d extends completely in the top layer 03, extends at an egg ^¬ shaped frame member 10 and is guided to its open

Absorption surface in the direction of the cover layer surface, which faces the sound source. A fifth

Sound absorber element 06e extends completely in the cover layer 03 in a U-shaped frame member 10, which lateral holding surfaces 11, wherein a completely open absorption surface in the direction of the cover layer surface, which faces the sound source, extends and a partially opened absorption surface opposite

is formed by perforation of the frame member. The

Holder surfaces 11 serve both the mechanical support of the frame element and as further reflection surfaces for the sound waves. A sixth sound absorber element 06f extends completely in the cover layer 03 in a U-shaped frame element 10, wherein a completely open

Absorption surface is directed in the direction of the sound source facing away cover layer surface. A seventh

Sound absorber element 06g extends completely in the cover layer 03 in a U-shaped frame element 10 with

Holding surfaces 11, wherein the bottom side of the frame member in

Substantially lies in a plane with the sound source facing surface of the cover layer. An eight Schallabsorber ^¬ element 06h extends completely in the cover layer 03 in a box-shaped frame member 10, only on the side facing away from the sound source side of the frame member is provided a slot-shaped opening which releases the absorption surface. A ninth sound absorber element 06i likewise extends in a box-shaped frame element 10 with only a slot-shaped opening on the side facing away from the sound source, wherein the sound absorber element underlies the frame element

Passage of an airspace only partially filled.

Particularly preferably, the cover layer 03 has a thickness of 50 to 200 mm, with thicknesses of about 50 to 60 mm is well suited for the production of absorption plates, the

existing walls or the like are subsequently grown, while thicknesses of 100 to 200 mm are particularly suitable for the construction of noise barriers. If the open Absorption surface of the sound absorber elements is directed to the back of the cover layer (the sound source side facing away), the distance a to the sound-reflecting support layer should be: at least 15 mm, with a cover layer thickness of about 60 mm; as well as at least 50 mm with a cover layer thickness of approx. 150 mm.

The frame elements are preferably also used for fastening the sound absorber elements in the cover layer and / or the

Base course. For this purpose, the frame members 10 angled

Have holding surfaces 11, which are embedded or anchored in the material of the outer layer 03. The frame members may be U-shaped profiles, in which strip-shaped

Sound absorber elements 06 are inserted. While the

Frame elements 10 preferably completely in the cover layer

03 extend, the sound absorber elements 06 can also be completely in this embodiment either in the

Cover layer 03 or partially extend in the carrier layer 02, as shown in Fig. 6 in the two variants shown on the left.

With the sound-absorbing components according to the invention can be built different applications. A preferred application is a soundproof wall, which is composed of numerous sound-absorbing components.

Likewise, sound-absorbing components for sound absorption ^¬ in vehicles, ships or aircraft can be used. The sound-absorbing components can be specially shaped for this, for example around the contours in

To follow bodies. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01 -

02 - carrier layer

03 - cover layer

04 - border plane

05 - Tissue layer

06 - Sound absorber elements

06a - 06i - Sound absorber elements

07 - Sound waves

08 - diffraction edges

09 -

10 - frame element

11 - retaining surfaces

Claims

claims

Sound-absorbing component, in particular for the

Exterior, comprising a sound - absorbing cover ^¬ layer (03) and embedded therein Schallabsorberele ^¬ elements (06) with respect to the cover layer (03) increased absorptive, characterized in that the in

Direction to the sound source surface of the cover ^¬ layer is formed evenly, that the Schallabsorberele ^¬ elements (06) elements are arranged spaced from each other, and that an absorption surface of the sound absorber elements in a plane parallel to the cover layer, said in this plane from the Schallabsorberelementen ( 06) occupied area is smaller than the area not occupied by sound ^¬ absorber elements.

Sound-absorbing component according to claim 1, characterized in that one side of the sound absorber elements (06) lies in the plane of the surface of the cover layer (03) facing away from the sound source.

Sound-absorbing component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sound absorber elements (06) with an increased degree of absorption are completely or partially embedded in the cover layer (03) and additionally have a frame element (10) made of a sound-reflecting material which supports the sound absorber element (06). framed on one or more pages.

Sound-absorbing component according to claim 3, characterized in that the frame element (10) is designed as a U-shaped profile, in which a strip-shaped

Sound absorber element (06) is inserted.

5. Sound-absorbing component according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the frame element (10) and the sound absorber element (06) received therein is surrounded on all sides by the material of the cover layer (03).

6. Sound-absorbing component according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the frame element (10) has at least one perforated surface, which on the

sound source facing and / or the

Sound source side facing away from the cover layer is arranged to release a partially open absorption surface.

7. Sound-absorbing component according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sound-absorbing cover layer (03) has an absorption _D = 0.3 to 0.75 and the sound absorber elements (06) a

Absorbance _s = 0.8 to 1 have.

8. Sound-absorbing component according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the volume fraction of in the cover layer (03) enclosed

Sound absorber elements (06) between 10% and 45% of the

Total volume of the cover layer is.

9. Sound-absorbing component according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cover layer (03) consists of haufwerksporigem material.

10. Sound-absorbing component according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the Schallabsorberele ^¬ elements (06) consist of sintered expanded glass granules and are preferably formed strip or cuboid.

11. Sound-absorbing component according to claim 10, characterized in that the sound absorber elements (06) in the side facing away from the sound source surface of the cover layer (03) occupy an area of 20% and have a depth of 50% to 80% of the thickness of the cover layer.

12. Sound-absorbing component according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it can be attached with its surface remote from the sound source to a carrier layer (02), preferably by one or more selected from the following list connecting means:

an adhesive layer;

Retaining clips, which cover carrier layer and cover layer;

Frame elements, in which carrier layer and cover layer are used;

mechanical fasteners which extend between the carrier layer and cover layer.

13. soundproof wall with a carrier layer (02), characterized

in that numerous sound-absorbing components according to one of claims 1 to 12 are attached to the carrier layer (02).

14. Acoustic wall according to claim 13, characterized in that a first group of the sound absorber elements (06a) in cross section completely in the carrier layer (02) and a second group of the sound absorber elements (06) in the cross ^{¬ section are} completely enclosed in the cover layer (03) , Sound-absorbing component, in particular for the

Exterior, comprising a carrier layer (02), one in a boundary plane (04) to the carrier layer (02)

adjacent, sound-absorbing cover layer (03), and enclosed sound absorber elements (06) with respect to the cover layer (03) increased absorption, characterized in that the sound absorber elements (06) are embedded in the carrier layer (02), so that in the boundary plane (04) diffraction edges (08) between the carrier layer (02) and sound absorber elements (06) are formed, and that the sound absorber elements (06) are arranged spaced from each other, wherein the area covered by the sound absorber elements (06) in the boundary plane (04) less than 50% of the total area the border plane (04) is.