WO2002095312A1 - Procede de traitement de produits par de l'air, dispositif de traitement de produits et produits ainsi traites - Google Patents
Procede de traitement de produits par de l'air, dispositif de traitement de produits et produits ainsi traites Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002095312A1 WO2002095312A1 PCT/FR2002/001667 FR0201667W WO02095312A1 WO 2002095312 A1 WO2002095312 A1 WO 2002095312A1 FR 0201667 W FR0201667 W FR 0201667W WO 02095312 A1 WO02095312 A1 WO 02095312A1
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- Prior art keywords
- air
- treated
- treatment
- machine
- products
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/08—Humidity
- F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for treating products with air in order to allow in particular their preservation, storage and use. It also relates to a device for treating such products and the products obtained by the treatment process.
- thermodynamic treatment machine which consists of:
- thermodynamic treatment machine defined by a set of predetermined values of operating parameters comprising:
- Qthéo mass a mass of Qthéo water to be extracted per unit of time, said Qthéo mass being determined by: + the nature of the products to be treated;
- the invention also relates to a product processing device implementing the method of the invention.
- the invention also relates to products treated by the device of the invention.
- FIG. 1 a block diagram of an essential part of the device of the invention
- FIG. 2 a block diagram of an embodiment of a processing device implementing the method of the invention
- FIG. 3 a diagram representative of the succession of thermodynamic states of a device operating according to the method of the invention
- FIG. 1 represents a block diagram of an essential part of the device of the invention in one embodiment.
- This essential part includes a thermodynamic treatment machine the air.
- This comprises, in a sealed cabinet 1, a plurality of compartments 2-5 in which air to be treated circulates between two access doors 6 and 12.
- the air treatment machine of the device of the invention works with air flows which can go: - from door 6 to door 12; from door 12 to door 6; and back and forth between doors 6 and 12.
- the sealed cabinet 1 also includes a succession of registers 13-16 which allow using shutter diaphragms, for example each register being mobilized by an actuator (not shown) controllable from a central controller (not shown in FIG. 1). ), regulate the introduction or expulsion of outside or ambient air, or even air coming from a receptacle containing products to be treated, such as agricultural products, such as grain or fodder. Registers 13-16 are also used to adjust the air flows and pressures in the treatment machine.
- the two extreme compartments 2 and 5 respectively comprise an evapocondensing device 7 and an evapocondensing device 1 1.
- the battery 8 of the evaporator 7 has been mounted in the partition separating the compartment 7 in which the evaporator 7 has been placed, and the other interior compartment (here referenced 3).
- the battery 10 of the evapocondenser 12 was mounted in the partition separating the compartment 5 in which was arranged the evapocondenser 1 1, and the other interior compartment (here referenced 4).
- Each evapocondenser cooperates with a motorized fan composed of a centrifugal fan and a electric motor whose operation is controlled by a central automaton (not shown in Figure 1).
- the evaporator also includes a heat exchange battery with the air being treated.
- Each battery therefore consists of a coil in which a heat transfer fluid circulates and over which the air being treated circulates.
- the battery is either hotter than the air being processed or cooler than the air being processed.
- these two batteries composed with a heat exchanger are connected to each other and to other components by a fluid circuit traversed by a heat transfer fluid so that the flow of air passing through each of the exchangers exchanges thermal energy with the fluid circuit.
- the cabinet 1 also includes a partition separating the two central compartments 3 and 4.
- the partition separating these two central compartments is provided with a register, called register C, comprising a shutter diaphragm , tele-operable by an actuator (not shown in Figure 1) and which is operated under the control of the aforementioned central controller (not shown in Figure 1).
- the central compartments are provided with at least one register 14 and preferably with two registers 14 and 15, each comprising a TV shutter diagram operable by an actuator (not shown in FIG. 1) and which is operated under the control of the aforementioned central controller (not shown in Figure 1).
- each register of the processing device of the invention is designated by:
- B register 14 on the compartment 3 supporting the battery of the first evaporator 8;
- C register 9 between the two central compartments 3 and 4;
- FIG. 2 To control the operation of the device of Figure 1, there is shown in Figure 2, the entire device for implementing the method of the invention.
- a receptacle or treatment volume 20 is loaded into a low zone P by an amount predetermined agricultural products to be processed.
- An upper part A is formed in the closed treatment volume 20 in which a mixture of air from the thermodynamic treatment machine 21 and air from the mass of the agricultural products to be treated circulates P.
- Such a closed volume 20 processing can be a crop dryer.
- the atmosphere of the closed volume 20 is communicated to the thermodynamic treatment machine by two pipes of air to be treated 23 and treatment air 24.
- one or the other of the two pipes 23 and 24 is connected: to door 6 and door 12; at gate 12 or gate 6; or back and forth at doors 6 and 12.
- the recycling pipe 23 is eliminated and the door 6 of the sealed cabinet 1 is directly supplied with outside air.
- the treatment machine 1 blows treatment air from the door 12 through the pipe 24 and outside air is sucked in through the door 6.
- thermodynamic air treatment machine 21 and its registers A, B, D and E can also be connected to the outside air by a duct 29 which, in the embodiment, of FIG. 2, makes it possible to supply each of the four registers.
- a duct 29 which, in the embodiment, of FIG. 2, makes it possible to supply each of the four registers.
- only some of the registers are connected to the pipe 29.
- some of the registers are connected independently to the outside air by its own pipe 29.
- thermodynamic air treatment machine 21 and its registers A, B, D and E can also be connected to the enclosed volume 20 by a pipe 29 'which, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, allows each of the four registers to exchange air flows with the closed volume.
- a pipe 29 ' which, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, allows each of the four registers to exchange air flows with the closed volume.
- only some of the registers are connected to the line 29 '.
- some of the registers are independently connected to the closed volume 20 by its own pipe 29 '.
- a damper A, B, D or E When a damper A, B, D or E is connected both to a pipe 29 to the outside air and to a pipe 29 'with the closed volume 20, it can comprise two separate shutter diaphragms with their own actuator controlled from independently by the central controller 22 which is a commercial programmable controller.
- the connection of the main pipes 23 and 24 and of registers 29 ′ to the closed volume can be done according to at least two modes.
- a first mode the treatment air flows from the treatment machine 21 pass through the thickness of the products to be treated.
- the supply air supply line connections and the supply air supply line connections are arranged on either side of the product P to be treated, each at one or more points depending on the circumstances of treatment.
- a second mode the product to be treated P is bathed by its own atmosphere in the closed volume 20 and the treatment of the invention is applied to this atmosphere.
- the connections of the main pipes 23 and 24, and 29 'of registers are then placed in opposition in the atmosphere which bathes the product to be treated.
- a pipe 29 'connected to a determined register A, B, D or E can be connected, not to the closed volume 20 but to an energy recovery module.
- the device of the invention also comprises two or three sensors for determining the quantity of water vapor in the air which passes through the thermodynamic machine. These sensors respectively measure: Q1: the quantity of water vapor contained in the air coming from at least one closed volume 20 in which the agricultural products P to be treated are found; Q2: the quantity of water vapor contained in the outside air both at the closed volume 20 in which the agricultural products P are to be treated and at the thermodynamic machine 21 in which the air treatment compartments are arranged described using Figure 1; Q3: the quantity of water vapor contained in the air coming from the treatment outlet through door 6 or 12 depending on the direction of operation of the thermodynamic machine 21.
- the three sensors for the quantities of water in the air Q1 to Q3 have output terminals on which electrical signals are established, the voltage of which is representative of the instantaneous measurement of the amount of water in the air at which they relate. These signals are transmitted by suitable means to input terminals of signals for measuring the quantities of water in the air in order to regulate the operation of the device of the invention, terminals which are arranged on the abovementioned control automaton 22
- the control machine 22 includes a processing module
- the processor 27 activates according to the method of the invention a set 28 of modules which produce control signals which are respectively: an actuator control module associated with each register A to E and which configures a control parameter of the '' open or closed state, proportional or all or nothing depending on the circumstances; - a motor fan control module 7, 1 1 associated with each evaporator and which configures a control parameter of the operating state of the motor, proportional or, preferably, all or nothing according to the circumstances; a control module associated with each teleoperable component of the fluid circuit which constitutes the thermodynamic air treatment machine which connects the batteries 8 and 10, one of which works as an evaporator and the other as a condenser and which will be described later .
- the assembly 28 of the control modules of the programmable controller 22 is electrically connected to an electrical supply cabinet 25 so that the management of the electrical consumption can be processed directly by the program executed by the processor 27.
- the criteria for management of electricity consumption take into account the source of electricity supply, in particular tariff classes according to the time or more generally of the date so that according to the expected economic yield from the processing of agricultural products, operating parameters for controlling the air treatment machine are determined to achieve the treatment objectives determined as a function of predetermined values of the quantities Q1 to Q3 of water in the air during the fixed treatment time.
- control automaton 22 also comprises a remote monitoring means T1, T2 which mainly comprises:
- T1 module near the PLC which includes a circuit for detecting values of machine operating parameters and in particular measurements Q1 to Q3 of the masses of water in the air, the operating state of the fans and compressors of the thermodynamic machine, the state of opening of the registers, the power consumption, etc., a circuit for detecting the alarm values of the values detected on the operating parameters, at least one alarm value is reached , a circuit for transmitting a set of instantaneous values and / or a history of this set over a predetermined period, a circuit for receiving values of control parameters and set values updated so that the operation of the device is changed ;
- T2 module located remotely and which includes a circuit for receiving the data from the T1 module and in particular an alarm signal, and a history of the values and operating parameters of the machine, a circuit for determining as a function of the values received machine operating parameters, new setpoints and / or control values for machine operating parameters,
- control automaton 22 also includes means for detecting a situation of frost formation on a cold battery of one of the two evapocondensers of the thermodynamic machine.
- the battery capable of seeing the formation of frost obtained by accumulation of water in solid form extracted from the air during treatment includes a temperature sensor which detects that the cold battery reaches a temperature close to the formation temperature of the frost is 0 to 4 degrees Celsius.
- the automaton 22 detecting this set temperature, produces a control signal intended for the thermodynamic machine to reverse the operation of the thermodynamic machine so as to cause it to pass into a mode of heating of its heat-transfer fluid for a predetermined period or until 'that the temperature of the cold coil rises to a predetermined value ensuring the disappearance of the frost, as will be described later with the aid of FIG. 4.
- a pressure sensor is arranged in the access pipe to each battery of the evapocondensers on the side by which the heat-transfer fluid will be in the gaseous state when the evapocondenser considered risks undergoing the formation of frost.
- the central controller 22 is connected to each pressure sensor and includes an icing situation estimator which performs the calculation of a frost situation by calculating a function dependent on the air flow rate and the value representative of the fluid pressure. coolant.
- the output values produced by the icing situation estimator preferably "0" if there is no risk of frost and "1" if there is Icing conditions are recorded in a table of icing values and the output value is transmitted as a control signal to the thermodynamic machine to reverse the operation of the thermodynamic machine, as seen above.
- thermodynamic machine for treating the air exchanged with the closed volume of agricultural products can work according to several operating modes and in particular: - in a drying mode in which the air coming from the upper part of the closed volume is brought mainly by the door 6 to the evapocondenser 7 and is extracted from the treatment machine by the door 12 so that the air is dried by extraction of the water vapor contained in the sampled air in the closed volume 20 by cooling; - In a heating mode in which the air taken from the closed volume is heated by the evaporator 10-1 1 so that the temperature of the air blown into the closed volume 20 is heated; in a cooling or air conditioning mode.
- thermodynamic treatment machine arranged in the compartments of the sealed cabinet 1 of FIG. 1, comprises in addition to the parts already described: an electric motor for driving a fan of the evaporator 7; an electric motor for driving a fan of the evaporator 1 1; an electric motor of a compressor (not shown) which circulates heat transfer fluid in the pipes which connect the batteries 8 associated with the evaporator 7 and 10 associated with the evaporator 1 1; a plurality of electromagnetic relays for controlling various valves which are shown in the circuit of FIG. 4.
- the electrical supplies are supplied or controlled by suitable output terminals of the set 28 of control modules of the automaton 22 according to the execution of the program executed by the processor 27.
- thermodynamic state diagram of the mass of air treated in the thermodynamic machine according to the method of the invention.
- the axes 37 and 38 represent the measurement respectively of the air temperature and the mass of water contained in the air per unit of volume.
- the two curves 30 and 31 represent the thermodynamic states at constant humidity for two different values, and in particular the curve 30 which corresponds to the saturation point.
- the mass of water contained in the air in the receptacle 20 is for example 18 grams per kilogram of air at 35 ° C at the starting point Dep of the treatment cycle.
- step 32 the mass of water is evaporated in the air at a given power.
- the air undergoes cooling during step 33 by yielding a mass of water which can reach several grams of water per kilogram of air.
- the mass of liquid water produced during cooling 33 is determined by the difference in height on the diagram between the horizontal lines 32 and 34.
- a step of condensing the refrigerant is carried out by passing the mass of air over the condenser which operates at a determined constant power, then, continuing with a constant mass of water, a heating of the air mass is carried out. on the evaporator hot battery. Finally, the flow of treated and therefore dry air cools by recharging with water in contact with the mass of agricultural products P in the receptacle 20 to close the cycle.
- the automaton detects the quantity of mass of water contained in the air so that the height of the cycle 32 - 36 tends to reduce height, as shown by the dashed lines and the two arrows in the drawing in Figure 3, until reaching the limit towards a limit water body Qthéo from which treatment can be stopped .
- a zone of presence of frost ZG around the icing temperature as 0 ° C.
- the evaporator 40 has a first pipe 48 connected in the two directions of circulation by a pipe 44 comprising a non-return valve 45 intermediate to the inlet pipe 42 of the evaporator 41.
- Line 43 has a non-return valve 46 and a pressure reducer 47 so that the fluid can flow from the evaporator 41 to the evaporator 40.
- the evaporator 40 has a second access pipe 49 which is connected by a pipe 51 and an electromechanical valve 52 connected to a first inlet pipe 60 of a "three-way" valve 58.
- a second inlet pipe 59 of the "three-way" valve 58 is connected to the access pipe 61 of the evapocondenser41.
- the second access pipe 49 of the evaporator condenser 41 is also connected by a pipe 50 via an electromechanical valve 11 to an inlet pipe 50 of the "three-way” valve 58.
- the outlet 56 of the “three-way” valve 58 is connected to the pipe 49 of the evaporator 40. It is noted that between the second access pipes 49 respectively on the evaporator 40 and 61 on the evaporator 41, a valve has been produced reversing valve 56 - 59 using the "three-way” valve 58.
- the fluid circuit operates in two modes, a heating mode and a cooling or air conditioning mode. In this way, as will be described below, the evaporator and the condenser exchange their functions.
- the fluid circulates mainly through the pipe 43 of the first pipe 48, passes through a non-return valve 46 and a pressure reducer 47 and arrives on the evapocondenser 40 which then works as an evaporator through the pipe 48. Then, the fluid being evaporated through the evaporator 40, exits through the pipe 49 and 51, passes through the electromagnetic valve 52, enters the "three-way” valve 58 through the access pipe 60, comes out through the second pipe 59 to arrive via the pipe 61 on the evaporator 41 which in this case works as a condenser. The refrigerant condenses in the gaseous state via the line 61 to reach the inlet 60 of the "three-way” valve 58 via the line 50.
- the refrigerant comes out of the 3-way valve 58 through the pipe 56 and enters the evapocondenser 40 which then operates as a condenser via the pipe 49, it crosses the evapo condenser 40, condenses to close the cycle and arrive on line 48.
- the "three-way" valve 58 includes electrical control means for operating either with its first inlet pipe 60 open or with its second inlet pipe 59 open.
- the control signals are produced according to the program executed by the processor 27 by means of the set of control modules 28 of the programmable controller 22 of the device represented in FIG. 2.
- the evaporator 40 and the condenser 41 work at constant power all or nothing. It follows that the motors of the fans associated with them operate when they are supplied with power, or do not operate when to execute a regulation of the thermodynamic air treatment cycle the program executed by the programmable controller decides according to criteria operating conditions and according to predetermined criteria of electrical consumption the start or stop of the latter.
- the codes in the columns of the table indicate respectively: “M” the condenser and / or the evaporator are on “A” the condenser and / or the evaporator are off; “O” the register A to E is open; “F” register A to E is closed; “energized” the reversing valve 58 is energized; “not supplied” the reversing valve 58 is not supplied.
- the four operating modes which define the four lines of the table are indicated, namely the operating mode in heating for the first line, the operating mode in dehumidification for the second line, the operating mode as an air conditioner for the third line.
- the table has been split into two parts with repetition of the mode column for better understanding.
- the registers A to E are provided with means making it possible to proportionally control the degree of opening of the register so that the control automaton 22 regulates a plurality of states of opening of at least one of the registers A to E between the "O" open state and the "F" closed state.
- register A (13, in Figure 1) is noted in the still closed table "F".
- a proportional opening of the register A is carried out so that the constant pressure in the high pressure circuits of cabinet 1 ( Figure 1).
- the outside air temperature Text and the evaporator temperature are measured on the cold coil of the evaporator 1 1, the register E (16 in FIG. 1) is controlled in proportional opening unlike (Text - Evaporator) so that the air flow through the coil 10 can be reduced.
- the drying treatment is carried out using the following tests: if Q1 is greater than Q2 then take the air to be treated mainly in enclosed volume 20, (part A); if Q2 is greater than Q1 then take the air to be treated mainly outside the enclosed volume 20; if Q3 is greater than Qthéo then reduce the processing power. In one embodiment, the reduction of the processing power is carried out by stopping the operation or the running of the fans 7 or 11.
- the reduction of the processing power is carried out by stopping the operation or the running of the compressor, by stopping the operation of a compressor, if several compressors are arranged in series on the fluid circuit of the thermodynamic machine of treatment, or in stopping operation of at least one compressor stage if the compressor used is of several stages.
- the registers E and D are supplied mainly with recycled air, that is to say, with air taken from the enclosed volume 20 or at least from its aerial part A.
- the register B is preferably but not - a register supplied with outside air only.
- each register A, B, D and E, or some of them is connected by an air duct having a predetermined diameter to the aerial part A of the closed volume 20 so that one realizes all or part of a mixture of the air being treated in one of the compartments 2-5 of the cabinet 1 with the air to be treated.
- the sealed cabinet 1 has air ducts on its air access doors 6 and 12 both to at least two closed volumes to be treated or to an enclosed volume to be treated and another volume to be heated by blowing hot air.
- the device of the invention makes it possible to better adapt to the economic constraints of treatment cost since, for example in the operating mode of the dehumidification device, applied to a fodder dryer, for example, it is possible apply heating to another space such as a barn or a room to which a hot air outlet of the device is connectable.
- thermodynamic machine of FIG. 1 In dehumidifier mode, the treated air flow passes from registers 12 and 16 to door 6.
- the registers 13 to 16 of the watertight cabinet 1 make it possible, using shutter diaphragms, to adjust the volume of air introduced into the different housings 2, 3, 4 and 5.
- Each register is actuated by an actuator (not shown) controllable from the PLC central (not shown in Figure 1).
- thermodynamic treatment center can be permanently installed near the treatment volumes, or else mounted on a transportable chassis, like a trailer which can be taken with a tractor.
- pipes 23 and 24 can either be transported or left permanently on the drying volume.
- Compartment 2 is a main fan motor box which performs the supply of treated air.
- Compartment 3 is an air distribution box to be treated.
- the compartment 4 is an intermediate box 4.
- the compartment 5 is a motorized fan rejection box which evacuates the undesirable excess energy from the cooling energy in the event of a heating or energy requirement calorific in the case of a need for cooling.
- An air loop performs the blowing of treated air.
- the fan motor 7 is of the centrifugal type. The power of its drive motor is adapted to the needs of the ventilation circuit considered for the supply of treated air.
- the evaporator 8 is used as a condenser in the heat pump operating mode or in the dehumidifier operating mode.
- the evaporator 8 is used as an evaporator in the cooling operating mode or in the defrosting operating mode by inversion of hot gases.
- the reversing register 9 is only open in dehumidifier operating mode and it is closed in any other type of operation. Its motorization is preferably carried out using an actuator working in all or nothing, (either open or closed) under the control of the central controller 22.
- the evaporator 10 is used as an evaporator in the heat pump operating mode or in the dehumidifier operating mode.
- the evaporator 10 is used as a condenser in the cooling operating mode or in the defrosting operating mode.
- the fan motor 1 1 is of the centrifugal type. Working in rejection, it evacuates the surplus energy: the fan motor operates in reversible heat pump mode. It is switched off in dehumidifier operating mode or in defrosting operating mode.
- Register 13 works to maintain high pressures. It is used in the Heat Pump operating mode or in the dehumidifier operating mode when the outside temperature is low. This register makes it possible to divert part of the air supplying the condenser 8 and makes it possible to maintain an acceptable condensation pressure.
- the opening or closing of the damper 13 is therefore controlled by an actuator with proportional motorization as a function of a proportional command produced by the central controller 22.
- Register 14 makes it possible to invert the air flows in the dehumidifier operating mode. This register 14 remains open in any other operating mode. This register cooperates with an actuator with proportional motorization as a function of a proportional command produced by the central controller 22. It also makes it possible to maintain in dehumidifier operating mode a maximum dehumidification power whatever the weather conditions and whatever or the relative humidity of the treated air. This maintenance is carried out by bypassing part of the air passing over the evaporator. The admitted air flow is then adjusted in proportion to the temperature of the air leaving the cold coil so as to achieve maximum condensation.
- Register 15 makes it possible to invert the air flows in the dehumidifier operating mode.
- This register 14 remains open in any other operating mode.
- This register 14 cooperates with an all-or-nothing motorized actuator under the action of a command edited by the central controller 22.
- the register 16 makes it possible to invert the air flows in the dehumidification operating mode.
- This register 15 remains open in dehumidifier mode and closed in any other operating mode.
- This register 15 cooperates with an all-or-nothing motorized actuator under the action of a command edited by the central controller 22.
- This register also makes it possible to maintain the evaporation pressure below the critical evaporation pressure when too hot air passes through the evaporator.
- the actuator can be modified to work in proportional mode, so that the register 16 derives part of this air so as to reduce the evaporation pressure to a suitable value.
- the main operating modes have been summarized from the point of view of the all-or-nothing states of the operating or control parameters in the preceding table.
- the different operating modes are determined, on the one hand, from the needs of the customer depending on whether he intends to favor the drying or conservation of the agricultural product and, on the other hand, weather conditions.
- the user wishes to keep his product, he selects, using a data input member internal to the central controller 22, such as a touch screen or a keyboard, an operating mode in refresh mode.
- the management of the operation is managed automatically using the program, properly initialized, which the central controller 22 executes when the execution has been started. In all other cases, the operation is automatic.
- the program of the central controller 22 selects the best type of operation as a function of the quality of the outside air and determines the value of the various operating parameters to be used.
- the central controller 22 determines a operation in dehumidifier mode; with dry air, the central controller 22 determines an operation in heat pump mode and if there is detection of frost on the evaporator, the central controller 22 determines an operation in operating mode in defrosting mode .
- the operation is identical to an air / air heat pump.
- the air taken up outside or in the volume closed like a dryer enters through register 15, register 9 being closed. It crosses the cold battery 10 which then works in an evaporator.
- the inlet air cools and it discharges its energy. It is sucked by the fan 1 1 and it is discharged to the outside via the rejection mouth 12.
- the refrigeration circuit ensures the transfer of the energy thus recovered.
- the energy thus available is used either in the form of heat for another process of thermodynamic treatment, such as heating or else recycled by a suitable machine.
- the treated air is returned to the hot coil 8 which then works as a condenser.
- the dry air taken up outside or in the dryer enters at the same time via the register 14. It passes through the hot battery 8, it heats up and is charged with energy. It expands and can therefore absorb a maximum of water molecules by crossing the material to be dried. It is sucked in by the fan motor 7 and it is blown towards the agricultural product to be dried via the mouth or outlet door 6.
- the central controller 22 receives a signal for detecting the presence of frost on the evaporator.
- the program executed on the automaton 22 triggers after a delay period which may be equal to 0, the inversion of the three-way valve and the stopping of the fan motor 1 1.
- the hot battery 8 becomes a cold battery which then works in an evaporator and the cold battery becomes a hot battery which then works in a condenser.
- the dry air taken up outside or in the dryer enters via the damper 14. It passes through the cold battery 8 and gives up all of its energy. It is sucked in by the fan motor 7 before being rejected by the mouth 6.
- the refrigeration circuit transfers all this energy to the battery 10 which is not irrigated with air and which, consequently, heats up very quickly.
- the frost melts and the recovered water is discharged outside.
- the central controller 22 detects that there is no longer any frost, it stops the refrigeration circuit and starts the fan motor 1 1 so as to dry the battery 10. After a predetermined drying time elapsed, the program executed on the central controller 22 again reverses the three-way valve and restarts the machine in heater by heat pump mode as defined above.
- the fan motor 1 1 is stopped.
- the moist air taken up outside or in the dryer enters via the register 16 and the mouth 12. It passes through the cold battery 10, called in this case an evaporator. It cools and reaches a temperature called dew temperature. It condenses on the cold battery, discharges the dissolved water it was carrying and discharges all of its energy.
- the refrigeration circuit transfers all of this recovered energy to the hot battery 8 (sensitive energy and latent energy).
- the air emptied of its water which leaves the battery 10 passes through the register 9. It passes through the hot battery 8 it heats up to a temperature higher than the initial inlet temperature.
- thermodynamic machine receives the restitution of the latent energy contained in the air to be dehumidified and of the energy consumed by the compressor to move the refrigerant from a low pressure level to a high pressure level.
- the air expands so that it can absorb more water molecule and it is blown towards the material to be dried using the motor fan 7 and the blowing mouth 6.
- the evaporating power of the air blown remains of the same quality.
- the reversing valve is energized, the cycle is reversed, heat must be removed (excess heat energy).
- the air taken up outside or in the dryer enters through register 14 (register 9 is closed). It crosses the cold coil 8, in this case, an evaporator. It cools and it discharges its energy. It is sucked in by the fan motor 7, and it is blown into the product to be cooled via the insufflation mouth 6.
- the refrigeration circuit ensures the transfer of the energy thus recovered, to the hot battery 10 called in this case condenser.
- the air taken up outside or in the dryer enters at the same time via the register 15. It passes through the hot battery 10, it heats up and is charged with energy. It is sucked in by the fan motor 1 1 and it is rejected; and at the same time rejects the excess heat energy to the outside via the mouth 12.
- the means for optimizing the refrigerating operation of the machine comprises a module for maintaining an optimum condensing pressure. This operating mode is triggered in particular when the outside temperature is low. It can be controlled by the central controller 22 using its program executed automatically.
- the register 13 opens with a degree of opening which is a function of the lowering of the condensing pressure. Part of the air sucked in by the fan motor 7 enters through the register 13. The hot battery 8 is less supplied with cold air, the air entering through the register 14. Its temperature rises, the power of the compressor remains constant and at the same time the condensing pressure returns to a correct value.
- the means for optimizing the refrigerating operation of the machine comprises a module for limiting the high values of the evaporation pressure (high outside temperature).
- the program executed on the central controller 22 commands the maintenance of a correct evaporation pressure by means of the register 16.
- the register 16 opens proportionally as a function of the increase in the evaporation pressure. Part of the air sucked in by the fan motor 1 1 enters through the register 16; the cold battery 10 is less supplied with hot air (air entering through the register 15). Its temperature goes down, the power of the compressor being constant, and at the same time the evaporation pressure returns to a correct value.
- the means for optimizing the refrigerating operation of the machine includes a function module for maintaining the dehumidification power.
- a function module for maintaining the dehumidification power In the case of operation in dehumidifier mode, when the outside temperature is high, the mass of water contained in the air may be too large despite a relatively low relative humidity. For example, for a temperature of 32 ° C and a humidity of 40%, the weight contained in one kg of dry air is 12g. This mass is too high to ensure proper drying. In this case, the refrigeration capacity to be used to cool the air to its dew point (16.5 ° C) and allow significant condensation of the humidity contained in the air is very important. In order to overcome this problem, via the register 14, the program, executed on the central controller 22, controls the entry of part of the air sucked in by the fan motor 7.
- the amount of air passing through the cold battery 10 decreases, its temperature drops.
- the power of compressor being kept constant by the central controller 22, the temperature at the outlet of the battery drops and the dehumidification power remains optimum.
- the centralized management of the machine constantly monitors, in this case, the temperature of the air leaving the evaporator and, if necessary, proportionally manages the opening of the bypass damper 14.
- the method of the invention comprises a preliminary step for calculating the operating regime of the processing machine adapted to a processing objective.
- the operating regime is defined by a set of predetermined values of operating parameters which depend on the hardware constituting the processing device of the invention.
- certain operating parameters describe the geometrical dimensioning of the machine such as, for example, the lengths, the sections and the pressure losses of the pipes or of the treatment compartments of the thermodynamic treatment machine. These parameters are fixed and are chosen during the manufacture or installation of the machine.
- Other operating parameters are determined once and for all at least during an operating period such as the installed electrical power, or the losses by thermal insulation and depend on the choice of construction during the installation of the treatment device.
- other parameters can be modified or checked during the execution of a treatment or a series of treatments as described above.
- the treatment objective depends on the nature of the treatment and the products being treated. It is determined so as to optimize the treatment result while respecting technical constraints, in particular for safeguarding the treatment device and the products under treatment, and economic constraints, taking into account both the cost of the energy consumed (in particular the power supply), but also the depreciation of the installations and the processing device.
- the treatment results, and in particular the treatment objectives are measured by parameters specific to the products to be treated. For example, for a product such as fodder and for a drying treatment, the user can set a dry matter content which will be compared with the theoretical quantity of end of treatment threshold Qthéo which has been set out above. The user can also set a drying time and take climatic constraints into account.
- the treatment device is connected to a receptacle for products to be treated.
- Several receptacles can be mounted in series or in a star on the same device.
- these receptacles do not necessarily have a perfect seal, either because it is desirable to maintain a certain level of humidity or else because such a perfect seal would be too costly to obtain.
- the communications in treatment air with a receptacle can be arranged so that the air flows circulate through the mass of the products to be treated or not.
- the treatment process can perform humidification of the treatment air flow.
- a treatment can also be used by saturating the flow of air blown into the receptacle with a vapor of a treatment product which can be water or an aqueous solution of products of a chemical or biological treatment.
- a liquid water or aqueous solution injection member is provided which works at the level of a hot battery of an evapocondenser of the treatment device, or by misting at the level of a motorized fan of the processing device.
- the heating and cooling, dehumidification and humidification treatments of the treatment air carried out by the treatment device can serve that the air is the only element for treating the products to be dried or that it is the vector of another treatment product or effect such as cold or heat.
- the treatment method of the invention makes it possible to regulate or control the flow rate of the treatment air by controlling the power of the motorized fans or the pressure drops in particular at the registers A to E described above. .
- Such regulation can in itself constitute a particular treatment of the products to be treated in a receptacle as a mechanical agitation of parts of these products or to cause dust associated with these products.
- the treatments for dehumidifying the treatment air must be controlled because the dried treatment air then behaves like a sponge which extracts the moisture from the products. to be treated in the receptacle 20.
- the central controller 22 of the device of the invention comprises a module capable of adding a priori wetter humid air to avoid over-drying the products to be treated.
- the device of the invention comprises a reversing valve which mainly makes it possible to reverse the operation of the thermodynamic cycle. It allows you to change the condenser or evaporator functions between the two evaporators of the machine.
- This reversing valve has been described in Figure 4 with a "three-way” valve and several regulators and non-return valves to ensure its operation. The same result could be ensured with a "four-way” valve with a two-position slide actuated under the control of the central controller 22.
- the central controller 22 also includes a control module for adjusting the set of predetermined values of the parameters of operation. Such a control module can be accessible to the user for entering initialization values of the operating parameters or setpoint or alarm values, as described above.
- the central controller 22 also includes a module for regulating the processing programmed by means of the control module, in which the setpoint and alarm values are compared with the detected or estimated values of the operating parameters at each instant so as to achieve the treatment goals and outcomes as described above.
- the modules of the central controller 22 are essentially composed using microprogrammed functions and electronic power circuits to control the operation of electric motors and actuators described above.
- the treatment device of the invention also includes a module for exploiting the energy recovered during treatment of the treatment air by the thermodynamic machine.
- a module may include a circuit independent of a heat transfer fluid which recovers the cooling energy of the treatment air e which circulates towards a heating radiator or towards a means of recycling energy.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02738260A EP1389294A1 (fr) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-05-17 | Procede et dispositif de traitement de produits par de l'air et produits ainsi traites |
US10/478,378 US7024799B2 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-05-17 | Method for treating products with air, a product treatment device and the products thus treated |
CA002449211A CA2449211A1 (fr) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-05-17 | Procede de traitement de produits par de l'air, dispositif de traitement de produits et produits ainsi traites |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR01/07088 | 2001-05-21 | ||
FR0107088A FR2824757B1 (fr) | 2001-05-21 | 2001-05-21 | Procede de traitement de produits par de l'air, dispositif de traitement de produits et produits ainsi traites |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002095312A1 true WO2002095312A1 (fr) | 2002-11-28 |
Family
ID=8863777
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2002/001667 WO2002095312A1 (fr) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-05-17 | Procede de traitement de produits par de l'air, dispositif de traitement de produits et produits ainsi traites |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7024799B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1389294A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2449211A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2824757B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002095312A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2834779B1 (fr) * | 2002-01-15 | 2004-03-26 | Oddeis | Machine de traitement thermodynamique de l'air, dispositif de traitement de produits et produits issus du traitement |
US20060269443A1 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-11-30 | Keim William A | Method and apparatus for treating stored crops utilizing recycled air |
US7748137B2 (en) * | 2007-07-15 | 2010-07-06 | Yin Wang | Wood-drying solar greenhouse |
US20090130317A1 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-05-21 | Moore John R | Hot air drier assembly for a waterborne paint spray booth |
IT1394528B1 (it) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-07-05 | Sinteco Impianti S R L | Apparecchiatura modulare per il trattamento dell'aria, particolarmente per ambienti classificati e per processi produttivi di alimenti in genere. |
AT514802B1 (de) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-04-15 | Heutrocknung Sr Gmbh | Luftentfeuchter zum Entfeuchten von Luft zur Trocknung von Heu |
AT514801B1 (de) | 2013-11-22 | 2015-04-15 | Heutrocknung Sr Gmbh | Verfahren zum Trocknen von Trocknungsgut |
KR102489912B1 (ko) * | 2016-07-25 | 2023-01-19 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 공조기기 및 그 제습량 산출 방법 |
US20190257581A1 (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2019-08-22 | Biofilm Ip, Llc | Systems and methods for processing cereal grasses |
CN110180755A (zh) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-30 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 固化装置 |
FR3115588B1 (fr) | 2020-10-23 | 2023-01-20 | Dzu Ind | Dispositif de traitement d’un produit en vrac |
CN112413756B (zh) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-12-14 | 浙江海洋大学 | 一种海洋船舶用除湿装置 |
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GB671085A (en) * | 1948-12-07 | 1952-04-30 | Erik Johan Von Heidenstam | Improvements in plants for drying and/or storing grain and other agricultural products |
US4050164A (en) * | 1976-03-08 | 1977-09-27 | Cromwell B. Campbell | Grain dryer construction |
EP0055787A1 (fr) * | 1980-12-30 | 1982-07-14 | Jack Pierce | Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la teneur en humidité de marchandises emmagasinées |
EP0095265A2 (fr) * | 1982-05-21 | 1983-11-30 | Moisture Control & Measurement Limited | Régulation de l'opération de séchage |
US4426791A (en) * | 1980-09-05 | 1984-01-24 | Ivo Coppa | Process and system for drying products and materials, such as wood |
US4530167A (en) * | 1984-04-30 | 1985-07-23 | The Wickes Corporation | In-bin, controlled atmosphere, grain drying systems and the like |
FR2681673A1 (fr) * | 1991-09-19 | 1993-03-26 | Semada Ingenierie | Procede et installation de sechage de materiaux granulaires. |
WO1994012013A1 (fr) * | 1992-11-20 | 1994-06-09 | Sebastian Stabler | Procede et dispositif pour le sechage de fourrage vert |
CH684771A5 (de) * | 1993-01-26 | 1994-12-30 | Aebi & Co Ag | Verfahren zum Trocknen von Heu und Belüftungsanlage zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens. |
FR2778456A1 (fr) * | 1998-05-11 | 1999-11-12 | Ther Eco | Dispositif de sechage pour l'agriculture |
FR2780491A1 (fr) * | 1998-06-24 | 1999-12-31 | Gilbert Alibert | Procede de sechage par traitement de l'air en circuit ferme et dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
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US2935009A (en) * | 1958-08-04 | 1960-05-03 | Honeywell Regulator Co | Humidity control means for controlling the flow of outside air through a crop storage building |
US4175418A (en) * | 1978-05-08 | 1979-11-27 | S. L. Steffen | Temperature monitoring and temperature differential control device |
IT1160889B (it) * | 1978-10-26 | 1987-03-11 | Berti Furic | Impianto di essiccazione particolarmente per legname |
US4688332A (en) * | 1986-03-21 | 1987-08-25 | Sentry Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for aeration of stored grain |
-
2001
- 2001-05-21 FR FR0107088A patent/FR2824757B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-05-17 CA CA002449211A patent/CA2449211A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2002-05-17 US US10/478,378 patent/US7024799B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-17 EP EP02738260A patent/EP1389294A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-05-17 WO PCT/FR2002/001667 patent/WO2002095312A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB671085A (en) * | 1948-12-07 | 1952-04-30 | Erik Johan Von Heidenstam | Improvements in plants for drying and/or storing grain and other agricultural products |
US4050164A (en) * | 1976-03-08 | 1977-09-27 | Cromwell B. Campbell | Grain dryer construction |
US4426791A (en) * | 1980-09-05 | 1984-01-24 | Ivo Coppa | Process and system for drying products and materials, such as wood |
EP0055787A1 (fr) * | 1980-12-30 | 1982-07-14 | Jack Pierce | Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la teneur en humidité de marchandises emmagasinées |
EP0095265A2 (fr) * | 1982-05-21 | 1983-11-30 | Moisture Control & Measurement Limited | Régulation de l'opération de séchage |
US4530167A (en) * | 1984-04-30 | 1985-07-23 | The Wickes Corporation | In-bin, controlled atmosphere, grain drying systems and the like |
FR2681673A1 (fr) * | 1991-09-19 | 1993-03-26 | Semada Ingenierie | Procede et installation de sechage de materiaux granulaires. |
WO1994012013A1 (fr) * | 1992-11-20 | 1994-06-09 | Sebastian Stabler | Procede et dispositif pour le sechage de fourrage vert |
CH684771A5 (de) * | 1993-01-26 | 1994-12-30 | Aebi & Co Ag | Verfahren zum Trocknen von Heu und Belüftungsanlage zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens. |
FR2778456A1 (fr) * | 1998-05-11 | 1999-11-12 | Ther Eco | Dispositif de sechage pour l'agriculture |
FR2780491A1 (fr) * | 1998-06-24 | 1999-12-31 | Gilbert Alibert | Procede de sechage par traitement de l'air en circuit ferme et dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2449211A1 (fr) | 2002-11-28 |
US20040194335A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
FR2824757A1 (fr) | 2002-11-22 |
FR2824757B1 (fr) | 2003-08-15 |
EP1389294A1 (fr) | 2004-02-18 |
US7024799B2 (en) | 2006-04-11 |
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