EP1556657A2 - Machine de traitement thermodynamique d air, procede de traitement de produits en vrac par de l'air traite par une telle machine et sechoir automatique mettant en oeuvre un tel procede - Google Patents
Machine de traitement thermodynamique d air, procede de traitement de produits en vrac par de l'air traite par une telle machine et sechoir automatique mettant en oeuvre un tel procedeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1556657A2 EP1556657A2 EP03767934A EP03767934A EP1556657A2 EP 1556657 A2 EP1556657 A2 EP 1556657A2 EP 03767934 A EP03767934 A EP 03767934A EP 03767934 A EP03767934 A EP 03767934A EP 1556657 A2 EP1556657 A2 EP 1556657A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- treatment
- heat transfer
- thermodynamic
- transfer fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
- F26B17/04—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces the belts being all horizontal or slightly inclined
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/08—Humidity
- F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
Definitions
- Thermodynamic air treatment machine process for treating bulk products with air treated by such a machine and automatic dryer implementing such a process
- the present invention relates to a thermodynamic air treatment machine. It also relates to a process for treating bulk products with air from such a thermodynamic air treatment machine. Finally, it relates to an automatic dryer implementing such a process.
- the applicant has already defined a solution making it possible to treat various products like agricultural products using an air flow.
- thermodynamic treatment such as heating, cooling or dehumidification to the inlet air, which is then blown or aspirated inside a treatment volume in which at least one product to be treated is placed with air initially treated using this thermodynamic treatment machine.
- thermodynamic air treatment machine mainly comprises: a cabinet in which is constituted a plurality of boxes or sections separated by partitions;
- - a closed circuit for circulation of a heat transfer fluid or heat transfer fluid between two batteries which, depending on the direction of circulation controlled by a reversing valve, can be cooler or heater on a flow of air to be treated which passes through the cabinet as well incorporated; registers with remote control which can exchange air and other fluids with process air circulating in each of the separate boxes or sections in the cabinet so as to control its internal pressure, its humidity and its temperature, in particular of the air flow passing through the machine; and - a programmable controller which, as a function of meteorological data, data on the thermodynamic state of the air passing through the machine and / or of the product to be treated and economic data such as the cost of the energy consumed by the processing determines the operating sequences of a predetermined processing for processing the product according to the wishes of the user.
- the registers make it possible to mix air during treatment with outside air or air taken up in part of the treatment process for products placed in a dryer or other heat treatment treatment volume. air.
- thermodynamic air treatment Depending on the treatment methods determined by the chosen method of treatment of the products placed inside the treatment volume outside the treatment machine, air can be taken from the dryer, sucked in at the inlet of the treatment machine. thermodynamic air treatment. Then, this air can be treated inside the cabinet with or without the addition of outside air or any other treatment fluid. Finally, process air from the thermodynamic air treatment machine is blown or drawn inside the dryer.
- the treatment air from the machine will exchange heat and particularly also humidity in the case of a drying treatment with this product.
- the treatment air which has passed through the product to be treated can be discharged outside the dryer or returned to the inlet of the thermodynamic air treatment machine. In this way, treatments are carried out in a particularly effective manner making it possible to cool or reheat a product such as a vegetable product, or else to dry or rewet such a product. This is particularly the case for agricultural crops of cereals, fodder, fruit, etc.
- thermodynamic treatment machine in the case of large longitudinal dryers, a thermodynamic treatment machine of this kind must have an extremely large dimension and its construction requires the transport of components such as a very large metal cabinet. Its installation therefore requires roads admitting exceptional convoys, which is not always the case in all agricultural product processing sites.
- thermodynamic treatment machine For a dryer of large longitudinal dimension, such a thermodynamic treatment machine must be connected to the dryer by air exchange pipes of very long length and very large section. Such pipes are expensive and subject the exchanged air to significant pressure drops which make the control of the thermodynamic treatment very difficult to perform.
- the present invention therefore aims to solve the following problems: avoid transferring process air over long distances, which leads to additional costs in pipes and losses to the process air; distribute the treatment in time and space so as to provide flexibility in the treatment processes over time and in the position of the product or the unit of mass of product in a treatment line.
- thermodynamic air treatment machine of the invention comprises: - a cooler group for a heat transfer fluid which circulates between a reserve tank for cold heat transfer fluid and a tank for reserve for hot heat transfer fluid; a hot heat transfer fluid supply circuit connected on the one hand to the cover of hot heat transfer fluid and constituted by at least one pipe of hot heat transfer fluid; a cold heat transfer fluid supply circuit connected on the one hand to the cover of cold heat transfer fluid and constituted by at least one pipe of cold heat transfer fluid; a plurality of air handling units, each air handling unit comprising: a cabinet comprising a plurality of boxes and comprising:
- a programmable controller provided with means for determining at least the temperatures of the hot heat transfer fluid supply circuit and of the cold heat transfer fluid supply circuit, the temperature and / or the hygrometric degree of the air coming from at least one air handling unit in said plurality of air handling units so as to apply a programmed sequence of thermodynamic treatment of the air to be treated.
- the process of the present invention consists in: - loading a large quantity of bulk products to be treated onto a conveyor; applying to a plurality of treatment sections a suitable treatment using air which has received a thermodynamic treatment specific to each section; - to evacuate the bulk product to its use, transport or storage area when a condition of end of air treatment is reached.
- the automated dryer of the present invention mainly comprises: - an area for unloading a bulk product such as a crop of fodder to be treated in the dryer; a loading section of a conveyor configured to load large quantities of bulk product to be processed; - A section for processing the bulk product according to its position on the conveyor section using one of the central processing units which is located at the right of this section; a section for packaging the bulk product and reloading or storing.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of a first embodiment of a thermodynamic air treatment machine according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of a part of the machine of Figure 1 in another embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of another part of the machine of Figure 1 in another embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of another part of the machine of Figure 1 in another embodiment
- FIG. 5 is an overall diagram of an automated dryer according to the invention
- - Figure 6 is a diagram of a component of the automated dryer of Figure 5;
- FIG. 7 is a diagram of another component of the automated dryer of FIG. 5.
- thermodynamic air treatment machine In Figure 1, there is shown the diagram of a first embodiment of a thermodynamic air treatment machine according to the invention.
- thermodynamic air treatment machine of the embodiment shown comprises a tarpaulin or hot water reserve 1, a bar or reserve of cold water 3, a cold production unit 2.
- the cold production plant 2 is connected by a first heat exchanger on the tank or hot water reserve 1, and by a second heat exchanger on the tank or cold water reserve 3.
- a compressor and an expansion valve arranged on a circuit of a refrigerant which circulates inside the cold production plant 2 allows the temperature of the hot water reserve 1 and the cold water reserve 3 to be permanently maintained.
- a circuit 5 consisting of at least one closed loop pipe, carries out a circulation of hot water taken from the hot water reserve 1.
- Each closed loop pipeline of circuits 5 and 6 is arranged longitudinally along the process for treating bulk products for which the thermodynamic air treatment machine is provided.
- a plurality of thermodynamic air treatment units 4-1, 4-2, ..., 4-N are distributed throughout this process which will be described later.
- Each power plant like the power plant 4-1, is connected by two separate accesses on the one hand by pipes 7 and 8 to the hot water circuit 5, and on the other hand by pipes 9 and 10 to the cold water circuit 6 , the first line 7 or 9 on the "go" part of circuit 5 or 6, the second line 8 or 10 on the "return” part of circuit 5 or 6, so that each air handling unit 4-1 to 4-N is connected in parallel on each of the 5 hot water and 6 cold water circuits.
- An air handling unit like the 4-1 unit admits a flow of processing air which it then ejects, blown out, a mass of bulk products to be treated at a particular point in the process for processing bulk products.
- the cold production plant 2 operates with water-water exchangers, the heat transfer fluid in circuits 5 and 6 and the reserves 1 and 3 being water.
- This liquid can be replaced by other fluids, and in particular by aqueous solutions having a higher calorific capacity such as water with glycol added.
- the thermodynamic air treatment machine according to the present invention then comprises a programmable controller 1 1 which includes a program memory for controlling the operation of the thermodynamic air treatment machine according to the tasks that the treatment process bulk products must perform.
- the programmable controller 1 1 comprises an input stage which is connected to a set of sensors which produce input information 12 to regulate or configure the process for processing bulk products. To this end, the programmable controller 1 1 produces, as a function of the execution of at least one program chosen from the program memory of the controller 1 1, a set of control signals 14 which are transmitted by means suitable for communication to the various control circuits of the components of the thermodynamic air treatment machine. In particular, the control signals 14 are supplied to control circuits:
- the user and the installer, the first during the operation of the thermodynamic air treatment machine according to the invention, the second during maintenance operations or remote diagnostics performed remotely using circuits remote control, can provide, according to predetermined programs, recorded at least partially in the program memory of the programmable controller 11, control and / or configuration data of the program selected to intervene in the processing process carried out in the processing machine of the invention.
- thermodynamic air treatment machine in another embodiment of the invention.
- the central cold production unit 2 is connected by pipes 15 and 16 to the hot water reserve 1.
- the cold production plant 2 is also connected by pipes 18 and 19 to the cold water reserve 3.
- the central cold production unit 2 comprises a conventional refrigeration circuit comprising in series in a cold production circuit a heat exchanger A, a heat exchanger B and an assembly C comprising an expansion valve, a compressor and a reserve of a refrigerant such as "Freon".
- the exchanger A includes a radiator in contact with a coil which connects the hot water pipes 15 and 16.
- the exchanger B includes a radiator in contact with a coil which connects the pipes 18 and 19 of cold water.
- a circulator 17 is arranged on the pipe 15 for hot water arrival and a circulator 20 is arranged on the pipe 17 for water inlet cold.
- Each circulator 17 or 20 comprises at least one motorized pump whose "on-off" state and / or pumping power are controlled by a control signal 14 from the programmable controller 1 1 depending on the execution of the program selected there and which is currently running.
- each controllable member of the cold production unit 2 such as the compressor, the expansion valve or a valve with adjustable degree of opening can be controlled by a control signal 14 from the programmable controller 1 1 as a function of the execution of the program which has been selected there and which is being executed.
- a control signal 14 from the programmable controller 1 1 as a function of the execution of the program which has been selected there and which is being executed.
- Figure 3 there is shown another part of the thermodynamic air treatment machine in another embodiment of the invention.
- a local air handling unit has been shown as one of the units 4 - 1 to 4 - N in FIG. 1.
- air to be treated is charged by an inlet nozzle 24 through an access door 25 to a relatively sealed cabinet in which the central unit is made up.
- the access door 25 can be remote-controlled using an electric motor which regulates the degree of opening of the opening flaps and which is supplied by a control card controlled by one of the signals 14 emitted by the PLC 1 1.
- the air to be treated charged by the inlet nozzle 24 is taken:
- Registers like registers 30 and 34, are remotely controlled using electric motors which regulate the degree of opening of process air exchange flaps with process air or process air. It is thus possible, depending on the degree of opening of the exchange flaps, to adjust or adjust the air pressure inside the cabinet in which the central unit is made, or even the degree of humidity, the temperature or further charge the air with another treatment fluid which is added to the air which will be sent to the bulk product to be treated in the dryer.
- the registers are located on each compartment or on some of them only. Each of their degree of opening can be controlled by a control signal 14 from the programmable controller 11 according to the execution of the program which has been selected there and which is being executed.
- the cold battery 21 is disposed on the path of the air to be treated coming from the entry door 25.
- the cold battery 21 comprises a coil (not shown ) which is supplied by two access pipes 27 which are tapped on the cold water circuit 6 ( Figure 1).
- a remote-controlled valve 28 is disposed on the "Go" pipe, so as to isolate the first exchanger from the cold battery 21 or not according to a control signal 14 from the programmable controller 1 1 ( Figure 1).
- a second battery the hot battery 22 is placed on the path of the air to be treated after it has passed over the cold battery 21.
- the hot coil 22 comprises a coil (not shown) which is supplied by two access pipes 31 which are pricked on the hot water circuit 5 ( Figure 1).
- a remote-controlled valve 32 is disposed on the "go" pipe, so as to isolate the exchanger from the hot battery 22 or not according to a control signal 14 from the programmable controller 1 1 ( Figure 1).
- the air handling unit does not include a valve 32.
- a blowing fan 23 is arranged on the path of the air to be treated after it has passed over the hot coil 22.
- the air flow characteristics of the blowing fan 23 are controlled using a control signal 14 from the programmable controller 1 1. If necessary, the air to be blown, which has therefore undergone the thermodynamic treatment of the central unit included in the cabinet, passes through an outlet door 36, itself provided with flaps, the degree of opening of which is regulated by a motor. electric (not shown), itself supplied as a function of a control signal 14 from the programmable controller 11 ( Figure 1).
- each plant 4 -1 to 4 - N makes it possible to take air to be treated at any point from the atmospheric air, inside or outside the dryer, or air at the point of the bulk product process on which the particular plant is working.
- each of the control signals 14, determined by the execution of the program selected in the programmable controller 1 depends on the central unit for which it is intended, and therefore on the point in the process for processing bulk products on which the particular plant works.
- FIG. 4 another part of the thermodynamic air treatment machine according to the present invention is shown.
- thermodynamic air treatment machine of the invention We seek to recover the maximum of recoverable energies in the whole process of treating bulk products to which the thermodynamic air treatment machine of the invention is applied.
- the cold battery 21 in which circulates a water whose temperature is between 5 and 10 ° can be covered with frost when the particular power station 4 - i works in dehumidification of the air to be treated.
- the defrosting work of the cold battery 21 consumes a lot of energy.
- heat is recovered from the air taken from a suitable pipe 49 at a determined point in the process for treating bulk products in the dryer 42 in which the machine the invention is installed.
- a group of several local treatment centers 40, 41 is assigned to a defrosting group 43.
- the defrosting group 43 comprises a suction fan 44 whose suction nozzle is connected to the pipe 49 connected at a point in the dryer 42 where the air temperature is high.
- a heat exchanger battery 45 between cold water and the air blown by the fan 44 is disposed on the defrosting group 43.
- a coil of the heat exchanger battery 45 is connected by pipes 47 and 48 on a circuit special
- the pipe 49 is open, the fan 44 starts, and the special circuit 46 for circulation of cold water is open on the coil of the battery 45.
- the hot air 49 passes through the fan suction 44, then the coil of the battery 45 on which it transfers its heat, and is discharged to the outside 50.
- the water in the special circuit 46 for circulating cold water is heated and returns to the reserve 3 d cold water so that the cold water reserve 3 sees its temperature rise, and the normal cold water circulation circuit 6, on which the cold batteries of the central processing units 40, 41 work, also see their temperature rise . This results in a heating of the cold batteries of the central processing units 40, 41 which are thus defrosted.
- the method of the invention consists in exploiting the fact that the hot water reserve stores calories while the cold water reserve stores frigories.
- a set of local air handling units prepares the dry and heated air used by the dryer and works between the reserves of calories and frigories.
- the outside air taken by the local treatment center is dry.
- the central unit draws calories from the hot tank in order to heat the air drawn into the central unit and to improve its evaporating power.
- This heated air is then blown at a point in the bulk process to release its heat and thereby dry the bulk.
- the bulk product still wet, being heated by the heat of the heated air sees its moisture evaporate in the dry atmospheric air at the right of the treatment zone assigned to this local treatment center.
- This atmospheric air which is charged with humidity is then returned to the local treatment center affected or to other plants such as the energy recovery plant described with the aid of FIG. 4.
- the outside air is humid and the local treatment center takes frigories from the cold tank 3 so as to ensure the condensation of the humidity contained in the air.
- the treated air is then blown to a specific area or a specific point in the treatment of bulk products.
- the humidity of the outside air condenses on the cold battery of the local treatment center, and can be evacuated in the form of liquid water to the rainwater network for example.
- the local treatment center will then extract calories from the hot tank 1 in order to heat the dry air and further improve its evaporating power when it is blown at the determined point in the treatment process.
- a step of transferring energy between the two heat tanks 1 and cold 3 is carried out using the cold production plant 2.
- the cold production plant 2 produces simultaneously calories stored in the hot water tank 1 and frigories stored in the cold water tank 3.
- a step of regulating the transfer of energy between the two heat tanks 1 and cold 3 is carried out using a regulation circuit which evacuates calories or frigories as necessary. surplus.
- the energy transfer regulation step consists in recovering heat from the humid and hot air extracted at the outlet of the dryer. As described above, this extraction can be carried out on the whole of the dryer at a determined point thereof as a function of the programming chosen on the programmable controller 1 1.
- the step of regulating the transfer of energy when an operation of the machine for thermodynamic treatment of the cooling air is executed, only the frigories stored in the cold water tank 3 are used. This results in an excess of calories in the hot water tank 1 which imposes an increase in its temperature relative to its set temperature.
- the step of regulating the transfer of energy consists in discharging these excess calories outside using the heat recovery unit 43 (FIG. 4).
- calories and frigories produced at each local treatment center are normally used. The energy transfer is then in equilibrium.
- an automated dryer making it possible to reduce a forage harvested in bulk between 30 and 40% of dry matter at a rate of 85% of dry matter.
- this embodiment of the dryer of the invention there are means available for carrying out: weighing the harvested fodder and which will be disposed as a bulk product to be treated using a particular embodiment of the thermodynamic air treatment according to the invention; measuring the dry matter content of the harvested forage.
- the dryer has automatic means to ensure: A uniform distribution of the forage on the dryer; The conveying of the fodder during the whole crossing of the dryer.
- the automated dryer 51 of the invention has two sections 52 and 53 which ensure:
- the conditioning of the dry fodder is carried out in a preferred embodiment in square boots by means of a baler 54 with variable chamber at the end of the drying cycle.
- One of the advantages of the invention is that it allows the storage of one week of harvest in all of the two pre-drying 52 and drying 53 sections.
- the dryer of the invention is preferably carried out at several sites when the quantities of bulk product to be treated and the duration of the treatments with the air coming from the thermodynamic treatment machine of the invention are significant.
- the dryer equipment is then distributed over two or three sites. Each dryer site has the following equipment.
- a first piece of equipment includes means 55 for weighing and measuring the characteristics of the bulk product to be treated.
- these means are:
- a weighbridge located at the entrance to the site which allows the weight of each entry of the bulk product to be counted as freshly cut fodder on arrival at the site;
- a measuring station that allows the dry matter content MS of the bulk product to be precisely determined, such as freshly cut fodder on arrival at the site.
- a second equipment comprises means for carrying out a pre-drying which essentially comprise: a disentangling metering device 56 on which the forage is unloaded as soon as it arrives; a blower 58 for distributing the fodder (air-rake) fed by its own conveyor 57 and which distributes the fodder in bulk on the conveyor belt 59 of the dryer.
- a pre-drying cell comprising a determined number of modules, depending on the number of sites equipped and economic optimization characteristics such as 14 modules for three sites or 20 modules for 2 sites, the pre-drying unit being equipped with its conveyor belt 59.
- each of the modules 60, 61, ... arranged along the conveyor belt 59 is equipped with: a box of dry and heated air with a distribution grid; two supply fans with an independent reheating battery equipped with purges, balancing valves, isolation valves; an outside air intake.
- These means are at least partially arranged in a local air treatment unit like one of the units 4-1 to 4-N of the thermodynamic air treatment machine of FIG. 1.
- Each pair of modules 60, 61 cooperates with an energy recovery unit as described with the aid of FIG. 4 and comprises: a fan for the return of hot and humid air at the outlet of the dryer; an energy recovery battery; an external rejection mouth fitted with a screen for birds.
- a third piece of equipment includes means 53 for performing proper drying.
- the drying means each comprise: a drying cell comprising 14 or 20 modules (3 or 2 sites) with a conveyor belt, and each module is equipped with: - a box of dry and heated air with a distribution grid, a supply fan, a thermodynamic air treatment machine with reheating battery and dehumidification battery, with operating and regulation registers, balancing valves, motorized regulation valves, isolation and purge valves; an outside air intake,
- Each pair of modules 62, 63, ... is equipped with: a fan for the return of hot and humid air at the outlet of the dryer, - an energy recovery battery; an external rejection mouth fitted with a screen for birds.
- a fourth piece of equipment includes means for centralized energy management.
- the energy management is ensured by the programmable automaton of the thermodynamic air treatment machine and manages the combination of an energy recovery circuit, the described hydraulic network, refrigeration units and circulation pumps. .
- an auxiliary boiler is added to the combination.
- the programmable controller 1 1 is arranged with the other electrical equipment in a room 81.
- a fifth piece of equipment comprises means for carrying out packaging which essentially comprise a conveyor 64 installed at the end of the drier which collects the dry fodder and supplies a baler 54 with a fixed station and variable chamber.
- a sixth piece of equipment comprises means 65 for carrying out storage, essentially a storage building which makes it possible to store and store as much as possible the volume of forage treated in 1 week while awaiting its evacuation.
- means 65 for carrying out storage essentially a storage building which makes it possible to store and store as much as possible the volume of forage treated in 1 week while awaiting its evacuation.
- a forage sample of approximately 200 g is taken to determine the dry matter content of the harvested forage, and therefore the amount of water to be evaporated.
- the sample is weighed on a precision balance (+/- 1 g) and then placed in an oven or in the microwave.
- the weighing of the sample when it is 100% dry matter makes it possible to precisely calculate the level of dry matter when passing over the weighbridge.
- the weighbridge is produced in the following manner:
- the measurement station comprises: - 1 standard microwave oven or 1 oven;
- the initial measurement weight of the sample is measured using the precision balance. Then, by passing through a microwave or an oven, its water is removed and its final dry matter weight MS is determined using the precision balance.
- the rate of dry matter MS is determined using the precision balance.
- the data are supplied to the programmable controller for controlling the thermodynamic air treatment machine and / or the dryer so that, according to a predetermined program pre-recorded in the controller, apply operating instructions to the various components of the dryer as already described.
- the unraveling metering device 56 comprises a weighing machine and a metering rake which allow regular dosing of all types of fodder.
- a belt acting on a scale advances according to the weight of forage.
- the double-drive metering rake allows the belt to move evenly.
- a pressure and weight system ensures regular dosing.
- the unraveling metering device 56 is very resistant to withstand the constraints of regular and intensive use.
- a tub and a canvas hold the fodder during dosing.
- the front part is open to allow rational and fast unloading of the self-loaders.
- the fodder In the event of the simultaneous arrival of several self-loading wagons, the fodder is temporarily stored on an unloading quay at the height of the reception area 67 before being placed on the unraveling metering device 56 by a handling machine.
- the functional characteristics of the unraveling metering device in terms of width, length, height, instant capacity in volume of bulk product to be treated, in electric power of its motorization are determined according to a economic optimization program not directly concerned by the present invention.
- each conveyor belt like the conveyor belt 59 is constructed with a solid wooden bottom, three steel chains with screwed crossbeams and automatic chain tensioners, a progress ratchet, an oblique feeder with three 2-speed steel chains, controlled from the programmable logic controller, a height-adjustable retaining rake, controlled from the programmable logic controller, Also known as an air-rake, the unloading blower 58 draws the feed from the end of the unraveling metering device 57. The feed sucked by the blower is distributed over the conveyor belt 59 by means of a galvanized tube 0.87 mm thick and 40 cm in diameter.
- the horizontal part is produced by a telescopic tube which slides on a self-supporting rail with gear bar (oriented downwards to avoid dust deposits).
- the end is made by a motorized 90 ° elbow movable in the axis of the tubes. The oscillation of the elbow is done from left to right and permanently ensures a homogeneous distribution on the conveyor of untangled fodder avoiding "bundles”.
- Two probes installed on the sides of the conveyor produce measurement signals which, connected to the programmable automatic controller 1 1 of the thermodynamic air treatment machine and / or the dryer, initiate advancement of the belt 59 as a function of the filling level. of the dryer. When a given level is reached, a space is freed until the dryer is completely filled.
- the telescopic advance of the distributor which distributes the forage by longitudinal return combined with a lateral rotation of its motorized elbow.
- the forage is thus distributed over the entire width and length of the conveyor on a level higher than the predetermined one.
- the suction blower 58 is equipped with an 8-blade fan with leveled fin and an electric motor drive of an electric power, a rotation speed, a suction pressure and / or a determined suction diameter and placed in parameters in the programmable controller so as to adapt the control program of the controller according to the dryer.
- the automated dryer of the invention comprises a pre-drying part 52 and a drying part 53.
- Each of these parts 52 or 53 is composed of several substantially identical modules, each of which cooperates with a local air treatment unit such as a 4-1 to 4-N unit of the detailed thermodynamic air treatment machine 80 in Figure 1.
- Each module is assembled by bolting and is visible in Figures 6 and 7.
- the dimensions of a module are: Width: 6000 mm
- the modules are made up of: four feet 70 adjustable in height using threaded rods; - a mounting plate to the ground; of a horizontal deck 71: a box 72 for diffusing dry and heated air with an aeraulic design for better distribution of air over the entire surface of the module; the box is made of galvanized steel, reinforced by a central rib and diamond point folds; it has on one side a ferrule 73 for the connection of the supply fan 82; a galvanized steel air diffusion grid 74 bolted to the deck; with 20% perforations on the grid surface; 3 mm diameter openings. The grid ensures uniform air distribution over the entire surface of the module.
- Each module is equipped with side panels 77 or 78 which make it possible to limit and contain the bulk product during its conveying and the duration of its pre-drying or drying treatment.
- the dryer head and tail modules located at the front and rear of the dryer, are reinforced to support and integrate the structures necessary for fixing the various traction elements. They are made up like the other modules and include:
- Each module has its specific and independent air flow in order to limit preferential circuits and each adjustable component is or can be configured remotely using the programmable controller of the treatment machine thermodynamics of the air and / or of the dryer during the execution of the predetermined program which controls the execution of the treatment process according to the invention.
- axial axial fans are designed for medium pressure ventilation up to 800 pascals.
- Each pre-drying module is powered by 2 fans running in parallel.
- the ferrule and the engine support are made of welded steel, coated with black epoxy.
- the cast aluminum propeller comprises: - a determined number of blades; a motorization with several electric powers controllable by the programmable automaton of the thermodynamic air treatment machine and / or the dryer;
- the fan motor is directly connected to the shaft and rotates at a speed adapted to the flow rate and pressure drops of the dryer.
- the assembly is bolted to the ferrule awaiting the module.
- the main conveyor transports the forage during drying. It is composed of: - a motor-reduction unit compatible with the load of forage harvested at 30% DM, to be towed; a plurality of 16 drive wheels 80/100, 12 teeth, diameter 400 mm, a pinion and chain assembly for an additional reduction of 3 between gear motor and motor shaft; four drive chains distributed over the width of the conveyor on both sides, every 4 steps; lifters bolted perpendicularly to the traction chains 40 cm apart.
- Three independent hydraulic networks serve the various power stations and the machine's treatment box. thermodynamic air treatment installed along the length of the dryer. They include:
- Each network has a closed "return flow” circuit.
- the selection of the pipes allows the passage of the total flow necessary for operation at maximum power.
- the pipes made from class T3 or T10 steel tubes are painted with rust-resistant minium and with conventional paint. They are provided insulated using extruded polystyrene shells coated with a gray PVC film.
- the pipe supports comply with DTU recommendations and are adapted to the different diameters.
- Each module cooperates with a local air handling unit such as a 4-1 to 4-N unit and includes, at least for the pre-drying part 52, a coil for reheating fresh outside air with a section of 1800 ⁇ 1400 and 6 rows of tubes spaced 30mm apart. Fins are crimped onto the tubes and are 2.5 mm apart.
- the battery is protected by a metal mesh filter (EU2 filtration level).
- the assembly is integrated into a local air handling unit comprising a support frame and a set of galvanized steel panels.
- the panels are removable and are designed to facilitate access to internal components.
- the inside of each panel is covered with thermal and sound insulation.
- the various boxes are inserted between the blowing fan and an outside air intake opening made through the exterior cladding of the building in which the pre-drying and drying parts 52 are formed.
- the main drying part of the dryer of the invention is composed of modules identical to those of the pre- drying described above with 14 modules for three sites or 20 modules for two sites. As defined above, the number of modules and the number of sites, as well as the other parameters for dimensioning the dryer and the other parameters for configuring and operating the programs recorded in the programmable controller of at least one heat-treatment machine. air according to the invention are determined according to economic optimization programs not directly concerned by the present invention.
- the ventilation of the main drying part 53 of the dryer of the invention is identical to the pre-drying part 52 described above. But each drying module is powered by its own fan.
- the conveyor 67 of the main drying part 53 of the dryer of the invention is identical to the pre-drying conveyor.
- the installation's air treatment battery system includes a plurality of air treatment units.
- a central processing unit essentially comprises: two brine batteries of 1200x1000 section with 6 rows of coils which include a hot battery and a cold battery; a set of motorized registers allowing the supply of fresh air from one or other of the batteries or both simultaneously; - an outdoor sensor which makes it possible to continuously measure the physical characteristics of the outside air and which makes it possible to determine, at the level of the programmable controller, the type of operation for an optimal result.
- the programmable controller of each thermodynamic air treatment machine and / or dryer controls two operating conditions.
- the outside air is dry and cold: the automatic control unit condemns the cold battery, closes the register relating to this battery and opens the one which supplies outside air to the hot battery.
- the dry outdoor air sucked in by the fan passes through the hot coil heats up to improve its evaporating power before being blown onto the fodder.
- the outside air is humid and hot: the system is reversed.
- the regulator opens the register which supplies hot and humid outside air with a cold battery opens a bypass register between the two batteries and closes the register which supplies the hot battery directly.
- the water vapor contained in humid air condenses on contact with this battery.
- the air is discharged from its water. It then passes through the hot coil and heats up, thus improving its evaporating power to arrive at the air quality necessary for the proper functioning of the assembly.
- the evaporating power of the air is preserved and the performance of the dryer identical.
- the dryer of the invention then comprises a centralized energy management means.
- Such a means of centralized energy management means notably comprises an energy recovery circuit.
- the energy recovery box is installed in the extraction network of hot and humid air collected at the outlet of the dryer at the top of the building before being discharged to the outside.
- Each pair of modules along the entire length of the dryer includes:
- a dryer battery (1800x1400) comprising 6 rows of aluminum tubes and fins crimped every 2.5 mm;
- a rejection outlet with an outlet equipped with a volatile barrier that crosses the exterior cladding of the building is integrated in a ventilation box comprising a support frame and a rigid mechanically welded galvanized steel framework in order to receive the assembly of covering panels in galvanized steel and the internal components.
- the panels 77, 78 are removable and are designed to facilitate access to the internal components.
- the inside of each panel is covered with thermal and sound insulation.
- the different boxes are inserted between the supply fan and an outside air intake opening made through the exterior cladding of the building.
- the hydraulic network includes three independent hydraulic networks which serve the various plants and treatment boxes installed along the length of the dryer. They include:
- Each network has a closed "return-return" circuit.
- the selection of the pipes is carried out so as to achieve the passage of the total flow necessary for operation at maximum power.
- the pipes made from class T3 or T10 steel tubes are painted with rust-resistant minium and with conventional paint. They are provided insulated using extruded polystyrene shells coated with a gray PVC film.
- the pipe supports comply with the DTU recommendation and are adapted to the different diameters.
- the circulation pumps are double-head in-line single-stage centrifugal pumps. The flow rates of the heads of pumps are isolated by shutter valves. Each head is designed to provide the determined flow rate by itself.
- the regulation automaton distributes the operating times and the commissioning of a standby motor if necessary.
- the installation includes: two circulation pumps per heating circuit of each air handling unit; two circulation pumps per condenser circuit of each air handling unit; a circulation pump for the chilled water network; a circulation pump for the hot water circuit; a circulation pump for the energy recovery circuit; - a circulation pump for the backup boiler circuit (see below).
- thermodynamic air treatment machine When the automated dryer of the present invention is divided into several sites, a thermodynamic air treatment machine according to the invention is provided for each site.
- the refrigeration units are sized with powers adapted to the size of the dryer site on which the machine of the invention is installed, but also according to the number of sites making up the installation. They are designed from an assembly of identical and autonomous power stages. Each power stage is determined by the size of the compressor used and available in the standard ranges of manufacturers on the market. They are of the water / water type and connected in parallel to the interior of each plant of the thermodynamic air treatment machine according to the invention.
- the different power stages are controlled by a centralized PLC and they include all the protection and regulation essential for independent operation.
- Each power stage can operate in "manual override" mode: the stage is then disconnected from centralized regulation and becomes autonomous in terms of protections and safety devices.
- a power stage is dimensioned at the operating regime considered at a nominal cooling power for a determined absorbed power and a determined restored power.
- the power stations of each thermodynamic air treatment machine according to the invention simultaneously discharge into a cold tank of a determined volume (buffer tank) and a hot tank of a determined volume. They maintain a temperature in the hot tank of 40 to 45 ° C as well as a temperature in the cold tank between 0 and 10 ° C.
- the "chilled water” and “energy recovery” hydraulic networks are connected to the “cold” cover.
- the “hot water” network is connected to the "hot cover”.
- At least some of the air handling units operate so as to produce hot air which is blown by reversing the operating mode of the unit which must work in air heating.
- Such an embodiment is applied in order to ensure the operation of the automated dryer of the invention for forage harvested with a humidity level of less than 30% of dry matter, and / or by very low outside temperature. In these circumstances, it is necessary to increase the evaporating power of the blown air.
- an auxiliary boiler equipped with a burner or a set of gas burners (propane or town gas according to the possibilities of the site) works in addition to the hot tank .
- the backup boiler operates at low weather temperature.
- the automated dryer of the invention consists of one or more sites, each site comprising a pre-drying and drying building and a storage building
- the pre-drying and drying building is constituted: by a plurality of spans of 6 m over a length of 108 and 132 m a height of 5 m a slope of the roof of 21%; - cover in pre-lacquered rib steel pan 1st choice EP
- the storage building consists of: a plurality of 6 m spans; over a length of 24 m; over a width of 20 m; over a height of 7 m; - with a slope of the roof of 21% with a cover in a steel pre-painted ribbed tank, 1st choice EP 63/100 with fixing by staples and ridge, the gables, the sides, the finishing angles, and the edge strips being made in steel ribs - with openings by sliding doors 1 leaf in standard size (5mx4.5 high) mounted on tubular rails with covering in pre-lacquered steel rib container the assembly of the assembly being carried out by bolting.
- the two aforementioned buildings are built on earthwork: - leveled and stabilized land as standard; fixing buildings to the ground by assembly brackets on 20 cm raddier and concrete block
- the dryer comprises at least one site composed of a drying building constituted by a greenhouse type greenhouse chapel.
- the greenhouse is defined by the following characteristics: Width: 9.6 m Height under gutter: 4.5m Height at the ridge: 7m - Frame of galvanized posts: 80x80mm
- Half-moon cladding in rigid natural crystal pvc Single-walled long-sided cladding with 1 green / green 250 microns extruded polyethylene film, 4 seasons
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0213531 | 2002-10-29 | ||
FR0213531A FR2846405B1 (fr) | 2002-10-29 | 2002-10-29 | Machine de traitement thermodynamique d'air, procede de traitement de produits en vrac par de l'air traite par une telle machine et sechoir automatique mettant en oeuvre un tel procede |
PCT/FR2003/050097 WO2004040216A2 (fr) | 2002-10-29 | 2003-10-20 | Machine de traitement thermodynamique d'air, procede de traitement de produits en vrac par de l'air traite par une telle machine et sechoir automatique mettant en oeuvre un tel procede |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1556657A2 true EP1556657A2 (fr) | 2005-07-27 |
Family
ID=32088382
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03767934A Withdrawn EP1556657A2 (fr) | 2002-10-29 | 2003-10-20 | Machine de traitement thermodynamique d air, procede de traitement de produits en vrac par de l'air traite par une telle machine et sechoir automatique mettant en oeuvre un tel procede |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1556657A2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003292362A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2504138A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2846405B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004040216A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2923588B1 (fr) * | 2007-11-09 | 2015-05-01 | Oddeis | Dispositif de sechage de produits en atmosphere humide |
AT514801B1 (de) | 2013-11-22 | 2015-04-15 | Heutrocknung Sr Gmbh | Verfahren zum Trocknen von Trocknungsgut |
RU2702940C1 (ru) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-10-14 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий" (ФГБОУ ВО "ВГУИТ") | Ленточная сушилка |
FR3115588B1 (fr) | 2020-10-23 | 2023-01-20 | Dzu Ind | Dispositif de traitement d’un produit en vrac |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR805874A (fr) * | 1935-05-16 | 1936-12-02 | Escher Wyss & Cie Const Mec | Installation à chambres de séchage pour la dessiccation de produits, notamment des aliments |
IT1194684B (it) * | 1980-09-05 | 1988-09-22 | Ivo Coppa | Procedimento e impianto per l'essiccazione di prodotti e materiali quali il legno |
EP0055787A1 (fr) * | 1980-12-30 | 1982-07-14 | Jack Pierce | Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la teneur en humidité de marchandises emmagasinées |
EP0063100B1 (fr) | 1981-04-13 | 1984-11-28 | SIG Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft | Arme à feu à bretelle avec crosse pivotante |
US4472887A (en) * | 1982-12-14 | 1984-09-25 | Tagus Ranch | System and method for dehydrating produce |
US5862609A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1999-01-26 | Backus Beheer B.V. | Method and apparatus for drying solid foodstuffs |
FR2778456B1 (fr) * | 1998-05-11 | 2000-08-04 | Ther Eco | Dispositif de sechage pour l'agriculture |
-
2002
- 2002-10-29 FR FR0213531A patent/FR2846405B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-10-20 WO PCT/FR2003/050097 patent/WO2004040216A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-10-20 AU AU2003292362A patent/AU2003292362A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-20 EP EP03767934A patent/EP1556657A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-10-20 CA CA002504138A patent/CA2504138A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2004040216A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003292362A8 (en) | 2004-05-25 |
WO2004040216A2 (fr) | 2004-05-13 |
FR2846405A1 (fr) | 2004-04-30 |
FR2846405B1 (fr) | 2005-01-28 |
WO2004040216A3 (fr) | 2004-06-24 |
AU2003292362A1 (en) | 2004-05-25 |
CA2504138A1 (fr) | 2004-05-13 |
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