WO2002090267A1 - Procede et dispositif pour enlever et/ou separer des anions et des cations d'un electrolyte par electrolyse par electrodes multiples (mee) - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour enlever et/ou separer des anions et des cations d'un electrolyte par electrolyse par electrodes multiples (mee) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002090267A1
WO2002090267A1 PCT/EP2001/005367 EP0105367W WO02090267A1 WO 2002090267 A1 WO2002090267 A1 WO 2002090267A1 EP 0105367 W EP0105367 W EP 0105367W WO 02090267 A1 WO02090267 A1 WO 02090267A1
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Prior art keywords
electrolyte
sub
cell
anolyte
catholyte
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2001/005367
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Riahy Kamran
Original Assignee
Samotec Automation + Trading Elektrohandels-Gmbh
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Application filed by Samotec Automation + Trading Elektrohandels-Gmbh filed Critical Samotec Automation + Trading Elektrohandels-Gmbh
Priority to DE10196423T priority Critical patent/DE10196423D2/de
Priority to PCT/EP2001/005367 priority patent/WO2002090267A1/fr
Publication of WO2002090267A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002090267A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
    • B01D61/423—Electrodialysis comprising multiple electrodialysis steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D57/00—Separation, other than separation of solids, not fully covered by a single other group or subclass, e.g. B03C
    • B01D57/02—Separation, other than separation of solids, not fully covered by a single other group or subclass, e.g. B03C by electrophoresis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
    • B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
    • B01D61/48—Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material, e.g. electrodeionisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
    • B01D61/52—Accessories; Auxiliary operation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46119—Cleaning the electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46128—Bipolar electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
    • C02F2201/4613—Inversing polarity

Definitions

  • MEE multi-electrode electrolysis
  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for removing and / or separating anions and cations of an electrolyte, the device having main electrodes connected to a voltage source and located opposite each other in a main cell and between which the electrolyte is arranged.
  • water can be prepared in such a way that contaminating ions dissolved in the water either migrate to the anode or the cathode and collect there, depending on their charge state, due to the voltage gradient between the main electrodes. If the ions do not undergo chemical reactions with the main electrode material, the ions collected in front of the cathode / anode can then be removed as a so-called anolyte or catholyte.
  • the principle of this device is based on electrolysis.
  • a disadvantage of such a device is that, given the distance between the main electrodes, only one cell - namely the main cell - is available, in which electrolysis and thus ion separation can take place.
  • anions or the cations which migrate to the anode or to the cathode, have to cover relatively large distances, especially if the main electrodes are relatively far apart, which increases the duration of the electrolysis process.
  • At least one polarization electrode which consists of electrically conductive material and is separated from the voltage source, is arranged between the two main electrodes to form electrolysis sub-cells.
  • the method on which this device is based is called multi-electrode electrolysis (MEE) in the following because of the additional polarization electrodes, since, in contrast to the methods known in the prior art, it uses more than two electrodes.
  • MEE multi-electrode electrolysis
  • the devices operating according to this principle can be used in particular to carry out water softening on a large scale, which is particularly interesting for the chemical industry, for example. In the context of this application, it is then possible to obtain by-products such as Na, K, Li, Mg, Mn and iodide and to use them industrially.
  • MEE devices can also be used on a smaller scale in every private household.
  • MEEDIS multi-electrode electrolysis deionization systems
  • main cell is to be understood solely as the container that prevents the electrolyte from escaping from the device.
  • the lack of a connection to the voltage source means that the polarization electrode does not have a direct conductive connection to the voltage source or with the main electrodes in the manner of a cabling, which in particular also means that the outlay on equipment is to be considerably reduced.
  • the functionality of the device according to the invention is based on the fact that charge carriers, that is to say usually Shift electrons in the polarization electrode in such a way that an excess of electrons is generated on the side of the polarization electrode facing the main anode, whereas on the opposite side, that is, on the side of the polarization electrode facing the main cathode, there is a lack of electrons.
  • Each polarization electrode thus functions as an independent electrode for electrolysis, with respect to the sub-cell on one side as a cathode and with respect to the sub-cell on the other side as an anode.
  • Each main cell can therefore be divided into any number of electrolysis sub-cells, with each sub-cell fulfilling the same function as the main cell. If, for example, the main cell is divided into n sub-cells by n-1 polarization electrodes, each sub-cell functions like a main cell but with a resistance to the total cell of approximately 1 / n. This achieves an overall n-fold performance compared to a conventional main cell with 2 electrodes.
  • the device according to the invention which works according to the MEE principle, achieves the same gain as with a main cell with 2 electrodes, but in approximately 1 / n time (more precise calculations show that the achievable increases in performance are even greater).
  • the polarization electrode in the main cell in such a way that the subcells in the main electrode direction are delimited on one side by the polarization electrode and on the other side by a main electrode or a further polarization electrode.
  • the case in which the subcell is delimited on both sides by a further polarization electrode occurs in this context if at least two polarization electrodes are provided.
  • the sub-cells are separated from one another in a liquid-tight manner, in particular if the polarization electrode itself serves as a separating element. Without a separating element, oppositely charged ions of neighboring sub-cells would unite, thus eliminating the separation of anions and cations by electrolysis in the sub-cells.
  • the sub-cells adjacent to the polarization electrode are each of the same size and in particular have the same length.
  • a membrane is provided in a hurry, which divides the sub-cell into an anode-facing and a cathode-facing chamber with anolyte or catholyte.
  • the anolyte and the catholyte can then be derived separately.
  • the directions “facing the anode” and “facing the cathode” refer to the respective electrode by which the subcell is delimited.
  • the terms anolyte and catholyte are intended to identify the electrolyte in the vicinity of the anode and the cathode, respectively, in which mainly anions or cations are present.
  • the membrane can improve the separation of anions and cations overall. It also prevents anions and cations from mixing again after separation.
  • the membrane acts as a flow straightener and / or in relation to the corresponding particles (anions, cations, neutral particles) as a size-selective element when passing or supplying and / or removing electrolyte, anolyte and / or catholyte.
  • the membrane can divide the sub-cell in the middle into equally large chambers.
  • At least one inlet for the untreated electrolyte is expediently provided for each sub-cell and at least one separate outlet for the anolyte and the catholyte.
  • the separate processes for the anolyte and the catholyte - and also the membrane described above - prevent the anions and the cations from mixing again after separation.
  • MEEDIS In order to enable the removal of cations and anions beyond the separation of the electrolyte into anolyte and catholyte, so that the device of ions at least largely cleaned, hereinafter referred to as residual electrolyte, it is advantageous to provide ion exchange substances for the exchange of electrolyte cations or anions in the anode-facing and cathode-facing chambers.
  • such devices in which a total of three membranes are additionally used in each subcell and ion exchange substances based on the MEE principle, are referred to as MEEDIS.
  • At least one cation exchange substance is expediently provided in the cathode-facing chamber and at least one anion exchange substance in the anode-facing chamber, since the cations or the anions of the electrolyte collect in these two chambers.
  • the membrane expediently divides the sub-cell in such a way that the middle chamber is larger than the anode-facing and cathode-facing chambers.
  • a particularly large space is then available for the ion-free residual electrolyte, so that the amount of electrolyte that the device can process is also particularly large.
  • At least one inlet for the untreated electrolyte and at least one separate outlet for the anolyte, the catholyte and the residual electrolyte are advantageously provided for each sub-cell, so that in particular the ion-cleaned residual electrolyte can be discharged separately.
  • ion exchange substances for exchanging electrolyte cations or anions are provided in the middle chamber and / or the cathode-facing chamber and / or the anode-facing chamber (MEEDIS).
  • MEEDIS anode-facing chamber
  • At least one anion exchange substance and at least one cation exchange substance can be provided in the middle chamber.
  • not only two but at least three membranes are provided for each sub-cell, which subdivide the sub-cell into at least one anode-facing and one cathode-facing chamber with anolyte or catholyte and at least two central chambers with residual electrolyte arranged between them. one central chamber facing the anode and the other central chamber facing the cathode.
  • this embodiment represents a particularly advantageous device for removing / separating ions from an electrolyte
  • the cation exchange substance is provided in the central chamber facing the cathode and the anion exchange substance is provided in the central chamber facing the anode.
  • the membrane When using these at least three membranes, it is furthermore expedient for the membrane to divide the sub-cell in such a way that the central chambers are each larger than the anode-facing or cathode-facing chamber. This makes the space for the residual electrolyte particularly large, which leads to an increased performance of the device. At least one inlet for the untreated electrolyte and at least one separate outlet for the anolyte, the catholyte and the residual electrolyte are provided for each sub-cell. In particular for the residual electrolyte, two processes - one for each central chamber - can also be provided. In this embodiment too, it is advantageous to arrange the drains in the upper area and the inlet in the lower area of the subcell. ,
  • At least two sub-cells of one of the above-described embodiments of the device according to the invention are connected to one another in series in such a way that the anolyte and / or catholyte and / or residual electrolyte flowing out of the previous sub-cell in the series flows into at least one inlet of the Row following sub-cell flows.
  • Sub-cells that have one, two, three or more membranes can therefore be connected to one another. In particular, this makes it possible to obtain particularly well-cleaned residual electrolytes.
  • one or more magnets can be provided which are arranged or designed such that their field lines are aligned essentially parallel to the electrical field lines formed by the respective electrodes. This ensures that the ions move in a spiral path to the corresponding electrodes.
  • the magnets can expediently be hollow or fully cylindrical.
  • the full cylinder shape has the effect that the ions are kept within the generated magnetic field.
  • the hollow cylinder shape ensures that ions are collected in the center of the hollow cylinder.
  • the devices themselves which also leads to an increased purity of the residual electrolyte.
  • the preceding device in the series can be a device according to at least claim 11 (MEE without extension according to MEEDIS) and the following device can be a device according to at least claim 18 (MEEDIS).
  • the device according to at least claim 1 1 then pre-cleans the electrolyte to be treated and the device according to at least claim 18 then carries out the final cleaning.
  • the anolyte can be stored in a separate container and can be returned to each subcell.
  • deposits which are primarily on the cathode of the sub-cells, can be removed by treatment with anolyte which has its own acid properties. This cleans the device, which significantly increases its performance and service life.
  • the device has a sensor for measuring the degree of contamination of the device.
  • the sensor can be connected directly or indirectly to the voltage reversing device, so that the voltage can be reversed depending on the degree of contamination of the device.
  • Such a sensor is advantageously a conductivity sensor for measuring the conductivity of the ion-cleaned residual electrolyte.
  • the object according to the invention is also achieved by a method for removing and / or separating anions and cations of an electrolyte, in which the electrolyte is passed in a first step through a pre-treatment device according to at least Claim 11, in which the electrolyte is converted into anolyte, catholyte and residual electrolyte is separated, and in which the residual electrolyte is then passed in a second step into a main processing device according to at least claim 18, in which further ions are removed from the residual electrolyte.
  • At least part of the anolyte of the pre-processing device can be stored in a container.
  • a regeneration phase in which the electrolyte is removed from the pre-treatment and the main treatment device, in which the voltage of the main electrodes of these devices is reversed and in which untreated electrolyte is introduced into the devices for cleaning.
  • the cleaning electrolyte supplied to the pre-treatment device and / or the main treatment device can be mixed with parts of the anolyte from the container.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram with respect to the operation of polarization electrodes
  • Figure 2 shows a first device according to the present invention, partly in vertical cross section
  • FIG. 2a shows an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention in accordance with FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 3 shows the device according to FIG. 2 in modified form, partly in vertical cross section
  • Figure 4 shows a further device according to the present invention in vertical cross section
  • Figure 5 shows a third device according to the present invention in vertical cross section
  • Figure 6 shows a fourth device according to the present invention as a schematic diagram.
  • FIG. 1 shows the mode of operation of polarization electrodes according to the present application, which explains the basic principle of the MEE.
  • An electrolysis device is shown in which a voltage source 1 is connected to main electrodes 2 and 3, the main electrode 2 forming the anode and the main electrode 3 forming the cathode.
  • the space between the main electrodes 2 and 3 is filled with an electrolyte 4 which has sufficient ions so that a charge transport and thus a current flow in the electrolyte 4 is possible.
  • Electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d are inserted between the two main electrodes 2, 3, which divide the space between the main electrodes into individual subcells 6a - 6e.
  • the electrodes 5a-5d are made of conductive material such as metal.
  • the polarization electrodes 5a-5d are electrically isolated from the voltage source, that is to say that only the main electrodes 2, 3 are directly connected to the voltage source 1 by cables or the like. Nevertheless, like the main electrodes 2, 3, the polarization electrodes 5a-5d act as electrodes of an electrolysis, each polarization electrode acting as an anode on one side and as a cathode on its other side.
  • the polarization electrode 5a which has a negative pole on its left side, serves as a cathode in the subcell 6a, while it acts as an anode in the opposite subcell 6b.
  • the remaining polarization electrodes 5b - 5d The same applies in each case to the remaining polarization electrodes 5b - 5d.
  • the subcell 6a is delimited in the direction of the main electrode 2 by the main electrode 2 itself, on the other hand it is delimited by the polarization electrode 5a.
  • the sub-cells 6b, 6c and 6d are supported by the respective polarization electrodes 5a, 5b; 5b, 5c and 5c, 5d limited.
  • sub-cell 6e as for sub-cell 6a, i.e. H. it is located between the main electrode 3 and the polarization electrode 5d.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device 7 for separating ions of an electrolyte 8 - in this case sea water - which uses the principle according to FIG. 1.
  • Two main electrodes 9, 10 face each other in a main cell (not shown) and are connected to a voltage source 11 so that the main electrode 9 acts as a cathode and the main electrode 10 as an anode.
  • polarization electrodes 12a-12c which run parallel to the main electrodes 9, 10 and which divide the space between the main electrodes into four sub-cells 13a-13d.
  • the individual sub-cells are separated from one another in a liquid-tight manner by the polarization electrodes.
  • the polarization electrodes 12a-12c form a negative pole on the side facing the main anode 10 and thereby act as a cathode for the adjacent subcell.
  • the polarization electrodes 12a-12c form a positive pole, so that they act as an anode for the corresponding subcell.
  • all sub-cells 13a - 13d each form individual cells in which electrolysis can take place.
  • the anions dissolved in the water 8 will migrate to the anode of the corresponding sub-cell, that is to say either to the main anode 10 or to the respective anode sides of the polarization electrodes 12a-12c.
  • the cations migrate to the respective cathodes.
  • FIG. 2 shows diaphragms 14 running parallel to the main electrodes 9, 10, which are arranged in such a way that they divide the individual subcells 13a-13d in the middle into two equally large chambers, i.e. into an anode-facing and a cathode-facing chamber.
  • These membranes 14 are designed in such a way that they prevent the separated ions from mixing. This can happen, for example, in that the membrane allows the anions or the cations to pass in only one direction, so that the anions or the cations are prevented from returning.
  • inflows 16 are shown schematically, through which the water to be treated can flow into each chamber from below.
  • inflows 16 are shown schematically, through which the water to be treated can flow into each chamber from below.
  • the anolyte formed on the anodes and the catholyte formed on the cathodes are discharged via corresponding processes 18 and 19, these processes being arranged in the upper region of the respective chambers.
  • FIG. 2a shows the device 7, all expanded to the extent that, in contrast to FIG. 2, an anion exchange substance 15a with which the water exchanges anions is additionally provided in the individual anode-facing chambers of the sub-cells 13a-13d.
  • hydroxyl ions (OH " ) of the exchange substance exchange their place with the anions, so that OH " ions pass into the water. This exchange takes place on the path of the anions forced by the electrolysis to the respective anode, on which they must then also pass through the exchange substance.
  • This method not only separates the anions or cations of each sub-cell from one another on the basis of the electrical current flow or the electrical field acting between the electrodes, but also removes ions from the water which attach to the exchange substances.
  • the deionized anolyte or catholyte discharged at the drains 18 and 19 is brought together in a common drain 18a and their mixture is used as the end product.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further modification of the device 7 from FIG. 2.
  • the individual subcells 13a-13d are connected in series with one another, that is to say the processes 18, 19 of the anode-facing or Chambers of the preceding sub-cell facing the cathode are each connected to the inlet 16 of the subsequent sub-cell.
  • the anolyte or catholyte emerging from the outlets 18, 19 is first combined in a common outlet 18a, so that their anions and cations mix and only then the inlet 16 of the subsequent ones Cell fed.
  • the water supplied at the beginning of the first cell 13a is cleaned more and more repeatedly.
  • the water has passed through all the cells 13a-13d, it finally emerges in the drains 18, 19 of the cell 13d in the cleaned state into the common drain 18a.
  • This device which is particularly suitable for the final treatment of water which has already been pre-cleaned, can therefore be taken from water purified from ions, since the ions are removed by the exchange substances, while the devices according to FIGS. 2 and 2a solely separate the ions of the water or generally serve an electrolyte.
  • the anion or the cation exchange substance only fill about 70% of the volume of the respective sub-cells or chambers.
  • the substances float freely in the water, so that all spheres of the substances that are usually designed as granules have the same active state. This also supports the water splitting process known for ion exchange substances.
  • main cell 17 (not shown in FIG. 2) is shown, which comprises the individual electrodes 9, 10, 12a-12c as a container.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment 20 according to the present invention, which is constructed in principle like the device 7 in FIG. In the drawing, reference numerals therefore designate the same parts.
  • the sub-cells 13a-13d are not only divided by one, but by two membranes running parallel to the main electrodes 9, 10, namely in a total of three chambers: an anode-facing chamber, a cathode-facing chamber and a middle chamber enclosed by these.
  • the middle chamber is larger than the other two chambers, i.e. in the sectional view of the present FIG. 4, this chamber is wider.
  • the other two chambers are the same size in the present case, but can of course also be designed differently.
  • the use of an additional membrane per subcell has the following effect: the anions or the cations migrate through the electrolysis process to the ano- de or to the cathode and therefore collect together with the water in these chambers behind the membrane in the anode-facing chamber as an anolyte or behind the membrane in the cathode-facing chamber as catholyte. The remaining water in the middle chamber is softened.
  • Anolyte and catholyte are discharged from the respective chambers via drains 18 and 19, respectively.
  • FIG. 5 shows a device 25, which in principle is also constructed like the devices 7 and 20 according to FIGS. 2a and 4, but is designed as a MEEDIS.
  • the same reference numerals designate the same parts here.
  • the subcells 13a-13d of the present device 25 are thus not only divided by one membrane, but by three membranes running parallel to the main electrodes 9, 10, in a total of four chambers: one facing the anode Chamber, a chamber facing the cathode and two central chambers enclosed by it.
  • the two middle chambers are the same size, but each larger than the other two chambers, i.e. in the sectional view of the present figure, the middle chambers are each wider than the other two chambers. These in turn are the same size.
  • An anion exchange substance is provided in the anode-facing middle chamber, and a cation-exchange substance in the middle chamber facing the cathode, which makes the device a MEEDIS. Similar to device 7 according to FIG. 2a, the anions that are forced to migrate to the anode are exchanged with the hydroxyl ions of the anion exchange substance, whereas cations on their way to the cathode are exchanged with hydrogen ions of the cation exchange substance. However, not all ions are usually exchanged, so that some ions can cross the substances and collect behind the corresponding membranes in the anode-facing or cathode-facing chambers of the sub-cells 13a-13d as anolyte or catholyte. The anolyte and the catholyte are then removed and mixed via drains 26 arranged in the upper region of the chambers, so that neutral waste water is produced.
  • the exchange substances only fill about 70% of the respective central chamber.
  • the water in the central chambers is ion-free and can be removed via drains 27 which are arranged in the upper region of the central chambers.
  • FIG. 6 shows a device in which a device 20 according to FIG. 4 (MEE without further development to MEEDIS) and a device 25 according to FIG. 5 (MEEDIS) for water treatment, in particular for water desalination, are connected in series.
  • the device 20 serves as a pre-cleaning stage and the device 25 as a main cleaning stage.
  • the main electrodes (not shown) of the two devices are connected to a voltage source 41.
  • the water to be treated is fed to the device 20 by means of a pump 31 via a three-way valve 32.
  • the water is separated into anolyte, catholyte and approximately 70-90% softened residual water.
  • the catholyte is discharged via a drain 33.
  • the anolyte which has a low pH of 2-3 and therefore has acid properties, is passed into a tank 34 and stored there.
  • the pre-treated residual water is then fed to the device 25 via a three-way valve 35.
  • the remaining ions are removed from the water and the residual water is discharged via a drain line 37.
  • part of the anolyte is added to the residual water flowing out of the device 20 via a reducing valve 36 in order to slightly increase the conductivity of the residual water and thus to lower the power consumption of the device 25.
  • the anolyte reduces deposits on the cathodes of the device 20.
  • valves 32 and 35 are switched over by a control 38, so that the water in the devices 20, 25 is discharged via the drains 33, 39 and the devices are emptied.
  • the processing phase is stopped.
  • the voltage on the main electrodes of the devices 20, 25 is reversed with the aid of a voltage reversing device, and then water is again supplied to the devices via the pump 31.
  • the water flowing out of the device 20 is mixed with anolyte via a valve 42 connected downstream of the tank 34 and via the valve 35.
  • the respective original cathodes become anodes, on which anolyte then forms, which removes the deposits on the original cathodes. Furthermore, the ion exchange substances are regenerated.
  • This regeneration phase or parts thereof can, moreover, be carried out in a correspondingly adapted form in all the devices described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant d'enlever et/ou de séparer des anions et des cations d'un électrolyte. Ledit dispositif présente des électrodes principales raccordées à une source de tension, disposées en vis-à-vis dans une cellule principale et entre lesquelles est placé l'électrolyte. Afin de former dans chaque cas deux sous-cellules d'électrolyse, au moins une électrode de polarisation est placée entre les deux électrodes principales. Ladite électrode de polarisation se compose d'un matériau électroconducteur et est séparée par voie galvanique de la source de tension.
PCT/EP2001/005367 2001-05-10 2001-05-10 Procede et dispositif pour enlever et/ou separer des anions et des cations d'un electrolyte par electrolyse par electrodes multiples (mee) WO2002090267A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10196423T DE10196423D2 (de) 2001-05-10 2001-05-10 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Entfernung und/oder Trennung von Anionen und Kationen eines Elektrolyts durch Multi-Elektroden-Elektrolyse (MEE)
PCT/EP2001/005367 WO2002090267A1 (fr) 2001-05-10 2001-05-10 Procede et dispositif pour enlever et/ou separer des anions et des cations d'un electrolyte par electrolyse par electrodes multiples (mee)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2001/005367 WO2002090267A1 (fr) 2001-05-10 2001-05-10 Procede et dispositif pour enlever et/ou separer des anions et des cations d'un electrolyte par electrolyse par electrodes multiples (mee)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002090267A1 true WO2002090267A1 (fr) 2002-11-14

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PCT/EP2001/005367 WO2002090267A1 (fr) 2001-05-10 2001-05-10 Procede et dispositif pour enlever et/ou separer des anions et des cations d'un electrolyte par electrolyse par electrodes multiples (mee)

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE10196423D2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002090267A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR703253A (fr) * 1929-10-02 1931-04-28 Procédé d'épuration électrique des liquides
US5225054A (en) * 1992-03-02 1993-07-06 Cominco Ltd. Method for the recovery of cyanide from solutions
FR2689523A1 (fr) * 1992-04-02 1993-10-08 Billes Jean Louis Cellule bipolaire pour l'électrolyse en continu du chlorure de sodium.
DE4418812A1 (de) * 1994-05-30 1995-12-07 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Einfach- und Mehrfachelektrolysezellen sowie Anordnungen davon zur Entionisierung von wäßrigen Medien

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR703253A (fr) * 1929-10-02 1931-04-28 Procédé d'épuration électrique des liquides
US5225054A (en) * 1992-03-02 1993-07-06 Cominco Ltd. Method for the recovery of cyanide from solutions
FR2689523A1 (fr) * 1992-04-02 1993-10-08 Billes Jean Louis Cellule bipolaire pour l'électrolyse en continu du chlorure de sodium.
DE4418812A1 (de) * 1994-05-30 1995-12-07 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Einfach- und Mehrfachelektrolysezellen sowie Anordnungen davon zur Entionisierung von wäßrigen Medien

Also Published As

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DE10196423D2 (de) 2004-04-15

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