WO2002087739A1 - Verfahren zur chemischen umsetzung eines fluiden mediums unter erhöhtem druck und erhöhter temperatur - Google Patents
Verfahren zur chemischen umsetzung eines fluiden mediums unter erhöhtem druck und erhöhter temperatur Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002087739A1 WO2002087739A1 PCT/EP2002/004611 EP0204611W WO02087739A1 WO 2002087739 A1 WO2002087739 A1 WO 2002087739A1 EP 0204611 W EP0204611 W EP 0204611W WO 02087739 A1 WO02087739 A1 WO 02087739A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
- B01J19/0073—Sealings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/008—Processes carried out under supercritical conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/04—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
- B01J3/046—Pressure-balanced vessels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00076—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
- B01J2219/0218—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components of ceramic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
- B01J2219/0236—Metal based
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for the chemical conversion of a fluid medium under elevated pressure and elevated temperature, in particular for the decomposition of organic pollutants by means of oxidation in supercritical water. This means that pollutants contained in technical waste water can be broken down below the detection limit.
- the operating conditions required for this are usually at pressures of 500 - 700 bar and temperatures of 420 - 500 ° C.
- the device used to carry out the method essentially consists of an outer pressure tube which is not very corrosion-resistant, an inner reaction tube, a feed head and an outlet head.
- the internal reaction tube is made of corrosion-resistant but not very pressure-resistant material and contains the corrosive, water, pollutant and
- the reaction tube is divided into two coaxially arranged intermediate tubes, one of which is fastened in the feed head and the other in the outflow head.
- the two intermediate tubes are fixed in an axially movable manner, with a small gap remaining between the two tubes. This gap creates the connection between the annular space between the pressure tube and the reaction tube and the reaction space inside the reaction tube.
- the pollutant stream is heated to supercritical temperatures by the process for adjusting the reaction temperature, for which purpose electric heating elements are provided in the inflow area of the pipe system, while in the outflow area there is a cooling device for cooling the medium after the substance conversion reaction.
- the known method has a number of disadvantages that prevent its implementation on an industrial scale.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned that can be used on an industrial scale under economically reasonable conditions.
- this object is achieved by means of a method of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the fluid medium is passed through a heating zone in which the medium supplied under pressure is heated and a subsequent reaction zone in which the chemical reaction takes place, and in which a barrier fluid serving to relieve pressure on the inner wall is passed between an inner wall which is reaction-resistant at least in the area of the reaction zone and an outer wall surrounding the inner wall, and the converted medium is discharged from the reaction zone through the heating zone with heat transfer to the medium supplied becomes.
- the medium to be converted is obtained by introducing and mixing an oxidant and pollutant stream, which can be done in different ways:
- This invention is based on the finding that the outlay on equipment for carrying out the process can be substantially reduced if the medium converted in the chemical reaction is removed from the reaction zone through the heating zone with heat transfer to the supplied medium.
- This allows the heating rods required for heating to be dimensioned much smaller, and the entire device can be made more compact, since the outflow zone is integrated into the heating zone and separate cooling elements are unnecessary.
- This makes it possible to design the geometry of the device designed to carry out the method much more favorably in terms of a compact design, which, in addition to the reduced energy costs for heating the inflowing medium, leads to a considerable reduction in operating costs and thus enables the method to be used on an industrial scale.
- the converted medium is discharged in the flow direction of the supplied medium in the opposite flow direction. This enables an efficient return of the medium to and through the heating zone on the shortest flow path. This enables a compact and cost-efficient construction of an arrangement designed to carry out the method.
- the acid which is formed in the medium can be neutralized by the chemical reaction by feeding an appropriate amount of alkali into the reaction zone or into the heating zone. Damage to the inner wall of the reaction zone by the acid formed and to a heat exchanger which conducts the converted medium through the heating zone can thus be avoided.
- the medium supplied reaches the reaction zone through at least one opening in a partition between the heating zone and the reaction zone and the alkali is fed into the reaction zone in the region of the opening.
- a partition with at least one passage opening between the heating zone and the reaction zone can be advantageous in order to mix the fluid again before entering the reaction zone, which can be of particular importance if alkali is added to the fluid in the region of the opening after or in the heating zone , Since all of the medium flowing from the heating zone into the reaction zone is forced through this opening, feeding the alkali into the medium in the region of the at least one partition wall opening permits optimal mixing of the alkali with the medium supplied.
- the barrier fluid is supplied under a pressure which is slightly higher than the pressure of the medium and a partial flow of the barrier fluid which is caused thereby is discharged into the medium.
- the pressure of the barrier fluid thus adjusts to the pressure of the medium in the event of pressure fluctuations in the medium. This ensures that the pressure difference between the barrier fluid and the medium is only very small, as a result of which the pressure load on the inner wall is kept to a minimum. Without draining the barrier fluid into the medium, a very complex pressure balancing mechanism would have to be created to balance the pressure of the barrier fluid with that of the medium. Since a constant flow of the same into the medium is ensured by the slightly increased pressure of the barrier fluid, a flow in another direction is avoided. This ensures that the medium, which usually has corrosive properties, does not come into contact with the outer wall, as a result of which corrosion of this outer wall is avoided.
- Pressure fluctuations in the medium equalize the pressure of the barrier fluid in a very short time interval, since the barrier fluid can flow into the medium over the shortest possible connection path through the small opening in the inner wall.
- the partial flow is fed to the medium through a circuit running outside the outer wall.
- a circuit running outside the outer wall there can be an opening in the outer wall, which is connected via a pipeline to a return flow pipe which serves to discharge the converted medium. It is also possible to establish a direct connection between an inflow line of the barrier fluid in the reaction container and to produce the return flow tube of the converted medium. With such a solution, the inner container can remain intact.
- thermal energy can be transferred from the barrier fluid in the circuit to the medium before it is supplied.
- the hot barrier fluid discharged through the outer wall can be cooled via a heat exchanger before entering the return flow tube.
- the heat dissipated in this heat exchanger can be used to preheat the inflowing pollutant stream and / or the oxidant stream.
- the heat removed from the barrier fluid can be used to heat the incoming material flows, which leads to an energy optimization of the overall system.
- the invention further relates to a device for the chemical conversion of a fluid medium under elevated pressure and elevated temperature.
- existing devices result in a high expenditure on equipment with an unfavorable geometry.
- heating by means of electric heating rods causes considerable energy costs and requires a voluminous construction of the reactor, which is why such a reactor cannot be used on an industrial scale under economically sensible conditions.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device of the type mentioned which can be used on an industrial scale under economically sensible conditions.
- the object is achieved by a reaction vessel of the type mentioned at the outset, with an inner wall delimiting an inner wall which at least in the area of a heating zone in which the medium supplied under pressure can be heated and in which the chemical reaction predominantly takes place
- Reaction zone is formed from a reaction-resistant material, a pressure-resistant outer wall surrounding the inner wall with the formation of a space for the flow of a barrier fluid, from which the inner wall is supported by the barrier fluid against the pressure prevailing therein, and a heat exchanger device designed in the heating zone, through which the converted medium can be removed from the reaction zone with heat transfer to the medium supplied to the heating zone.
- the reaction container according to the invention is based on the knowledge that the outlay on equipment can be significantly reduced if the medium converted in the chemical reaction with heat transfer to the medium fed to the heating zone from the reaction zone is dissipatable. It is considered to be expedient according to the invention if the reaction container in the region of the reaction zone has a design which causes the direction of flow of the converted medium to be deflected before it enters the heat exchanger device in the direction opposite to the direction of flow of the medium supplied. This enables an efficient return of the medium to and through the heating zone on the shortest flow path. This allows the reaction vessel to be designed in a compact and therefore cost-effective form.
- the inner wall in the area of the heating zone and the heat exchanger device in the area in contact with the supplied medium have a material which is resistant to reaction to the pH of the supplied medium. It is also expedient according to the invention if the inner wall in the area of the reaction zone and the heat exchanger device in the area in contact with the converted medium have a material which is resistant to reaction at the pH of the converted medium.
- alkali-resistant materials such as metallic materials are used (e.g. nickel-based alloys or titanium).
- Acid-resistant materials such as oxide ceramics are used for media with an acidic property.
- the reaction container has a feed device, by means of which an appropriate amount of alkali can be fed into the reaction zone or into the heating zone in order to neutralize the acid formed during the chemical reaction. Damage to the boundary surfaces of the reaction container which are in contact with the converted medium can thus be prevented by chemical reaction, even if these boundary surfaces do not consist of acid-resistant material.
- reaction vessel has a partition between the heating zone and the reaction zone with at least one opening through which both the medium supplied and the
- Alkali can be introduced into the reaction zone. Since this has at least one partition opening is the only connection between the heating zone and the reaction zone, the entire medium flowing from the heating zone into the reaction zone is forced through this opening. By feeding the lye into the medium in the area of the partition opening, the lye is optimally mixed with the supplied medium.
- the barrier fluid has a slightly higher pressure than the pressure of the medium, and there is a connection between the barrier fluid and the medium.
- the pressure of the barrier fluid thus adjusts to the pressure of the medium in the event of pressure fluctuations in the medium. This ensures that the pressure difference between the barrier fluid and the medium is only very small, as a result of which the pressure load on the inner wall is kept to a minimum. Without draining the barrier fluid into the medium, a very complex pressure balancing mechanism would have to be created to balance the pressure of the barrier fluid with that of the medium. Since a constant flow of the same into the medium is ensured by the slightly increased pressure of the barrier fluid, a flow in another direction is avoided. This ensures that the medium, which usually has corrosive properties, does not come into contact with the outer wall, as a result of which corrosion of this outer wall is avoided.
- a small opening in the inner wall serves as a connection between the barrier fluid and the medium. This means that the pressure of the barrier fluid can change in a very short time if the medium fluctuates in pressure
- a line running outside the outer wall serves as a connection between the barrier fluid and the medium.
- the line can have a heat exchanger device by means of which heat energy can be transferred from the barrier fluid in the line to the medium before it is fed into the heating zone.
- the hot barrier fluid discharged through the outer wall can be cooled via a heat exchanger before entering the return flow tube.
- the one in this heat exchanger Dissipated heat can be used to preheat the inflowing pollutant stream and / or the oxidant stream.
- the heat removed from the barrier fluid can be used to heat the incoming material flows, which leads to an energy optimization of the overall system.
- the heat exchanger device consists of a tube arranged in the heating zone, in particular a winding tube.
- the heat exchanger device has an annular space between a cylinder through which the supplied medium flows and the inner wall of the reaction container.
- the heat exchanger device has a flow channel formed on the outside of a hollow cylindrical body, which is covered by a cylindrical casing arranged thereon.
- Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a reaction container according to the invention for a chemical running under increased pressure and elevated temperature
- Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a reaction container according to the invention for a chemical running under elevated pressure and elevated temperature
- FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a reaction container according to the invention for a chemical conversion of a fluid medium which takes place at elevated pressure and elevated temperature
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment according to the invention of a heat exchanger having a coiled tubing arrangement
- 5 shows an embodiment according to the invention of a heat exchanger having a flow channel formed on the outside of a hollow cylindrical body
- Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a heat exchanger having a reverse flow annulus.
- FIG. 1 a first embodiment of a reaction container for the chemical conversion of a fluid medium under increased pressure and elevated temperature, in particular for the conversion of substances by means of oxidation in supercritical water, is described with reference to FIG. 1.
- the container material consists of a commercially available heat-resistant stainless steel.
- the inclusion of the chemical reaction takes place in a corrosion-resistant and impervious inner container 3.
- This inner container 3 is made of metallic materials, such as. As nickel-based alloys (Inconel) or titanium, manufactured and resistant to basic liquids.
- the gap space 4 between the wall of the pressure container 1 and that of the inner container 3 is flowed through with non-corrosive barrier fluid 2, such as water, and establishes the connection with respect to pressure between the inner and outer containers, i.e. H. the wall of the inner container 3 is supported by the barrier fluid 2 against the pressure prevailing in its interior.
- barrier fluid 2 such as water
- the inner container 3 can have a small inflow opening 5.
- This inflow opening 5 establishes a connection between the gap space 4 and the reaction space 7 in the interior of the inner container 3.
- the first pipeline 28 also has a heat exchanger 30, by means of which heat energy is extracted from the hot barrier fluid 2 flowing in the pipeline. This thermal energy can then be used to preheat the inflowing pollutant stream and / or the oxidant stream before it is introduced into the pressure vessel 1.
- a second pipeline 29 can establish a connection between an inflow line of the barrier fluid 2 into the pressure container 1 and the return flow pipe 8.
- the medium 11 supplied to the reaction container consists, for example, of a pollutant and an oxidant stream, which are each pumped to system pressure before being introduced into the reaction container and then mixed, for example, with one another.
- the supplied medium 11 then passes through a heating zone 6, in the course of which it is brought to the reaction temperature by means of an electrical heater 15 and by heat exchange with the outflowing medium, into a reaction zone 7, in which the chemical reaction, such as a decomposition of pollutants, takes place.
- the medium 12 converted from the chemical reaction now flows out of the reaction zone 7 again via an annular return flow tube 8, which is centered in the concentric inner container.
- a reversal of the flow of the medium takes place in such a way that the outflow direction 14 of the converted medium 12 through the return flow pipe 8 is opposite to the inflow direction 13 of the supplied medium 11.
- the double-walled heat exchanger 10 consists of a double-walled tube made of heat-conducting material, which has an annular cross-sectional shape, which is arranged centrally in the heating zone 6 of the concentric inner container 3 and passes through the heating zone 6 in a straight line in the direction of its axis of symmetry, while in the case of the tubular spiral heat exchanger 9, a heat-conducting tube Single wall is present, which has a coil-shaped winding in the direction of the axis of symmetry of the heating zone 6 to maximize the contact area with the input medium, which increases the heat exchange efficiency.
- the converted medium 12 leaves the inner container 3 after it has passed through the reaction zone 7 in the return pipe 8, depending on the embodiment, through one of the two heat exchangers.
- the heat exchanger When passing through the heat exchanger, there is excess heat energy from the supplied medium 11 contained in the heating zone 6, which in addition to the heating by the electric heater 15 is thereby additionally heated.
- Both the backflow pipe 8 and the heat exchanger, like the inner container 3, are made of metallic materials, such as nickel-based alloys (Inconel) or titanium. These devices are therefore resistant to reaction to basic liquids. is ie if the medium 11 supplied is basic and if the pH shifts during the reaction to at most the neutral range, then none of the materials in contact with the medium is chemically attacked.
- metallic materials such as nickel-based alloys (Inconel) or titanium.
- the acid formed can be neutralized by injection of alkali 16.
- a caustic injection device 17 is provided, by means of which caustic 16, such as NaOH, can be fed into the reaction zone or into the heating zone.
- the feed takes place, for example, in the region of a partition opening 19 which is located in the center of a partition 18 arranged between heating zone 6 and reaction zone 7.
- the at least one partition opening 19 is the only connection between the heating zone 6 and the reaction zone 7, so that the entire medium flowing from the heating zone 6 into the reaction zone 7 is forced through this opening 19.
- a second embodiment of a reaction container for the chemical conversion of a fluid medium under increased pressure and elevated temperature, in particular for the conversion of substances by means of oxidation in supercritical water, is described with reference to FIG. 2.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable in the event that the medium supplied is basic and the acid formed by the chemical reaction cannot be neutralized by injecting alkali in accordance with the first embodiment.
- Pressure vessel 1 added.
- the container material consists of a commercially available heat-resistant stainless steel.
- the chemical conversion reaction is enclosed in an impermeable inner container 3.
- the gap 4 between the wall of the pressure container 1 and that of the inner container 3 is flowed through with non-corrosive barrier fluid 2, such as water, and provides the connection with respect to pressure between the inner and outer containers stove.
- barrier fluid 2 such as water
- the inner container 3 can have a small inflow opening 5.
- This inflow opening 5 provides a connection between the gap space 4 and the reaction space 7 inside the
- the first pipeline 28 also has a heat exchanger 30, by means of which heat energy is extracted from the hot barrier fluid 2 flowing in the pipeline. This thermal energy can then be used to preheat the inflowing pollutant stream and / or the oxidant stream before it is introduced into the pressure vessel 1.
- a second pipeline 29 can establish a connection between an inflow line of the barrier fluid 2 into the pressure vessel 1 and the return flow pipe 8.
- the pressure difference between the barrier fluid 2 in the gap space 4 and the medium in the interior of the inner container 3 is only very small, as a result of which the pressure load on the inner container 3 is reduced to a minimum.
- the barrier fluid 2 in the gap space 4 is under slightly higher pressure than the medium in the reaction zone 7. In this way, a constant flow of the barrier fluid 2 into the medium is ensured and a flow through in another direction is avoided. This ensures that the medium, which usually has corrosive properties, does not come into contact with the pressure container 1 in the interior of the inner container 3, as a result of which corrosion of the pressure container 1 is avoided.
- the medium 11 supplied to the reaction vessel consists, for example, of a pollutant and an oxidant stream, which streams are each pumped to system pressure before being introduced into the reaction vessel and then mixed with one another.
- the supplied medium 11 then passes through a heating zone 6, in the course of which it is brought to the reaction temperature by means of an electric heater 15, into a reaction zone 7 in which the chemical conversion, such as a decomposition of pollutants, takes place.
- the inner container 3 has an alkali-resistant reaction wall 20, which is made, for example, of metallic materials (eg Inconel) in order to be resistant to the basic property of the medium 11 supplied.
- the inner container 3 has an acid-resistant reactor wall 21, which consists of acid-resistant material, such as oxide ceramics (eg Al 2 O 3 ).
- the reactor wall in the area of the reaction zone 7 is thus resistant to the acid property of the medium 12 converted from the chemical reaction.
- the converted medium 12 now flows out of the reaction zone 7 again via a rectilinear return pipe 8 arranged in the inner container.
- the medium is reversed in such a way that the outflow direction of the converted medium 12 through the return flow pipe 8 is opposite to the inflow direction of the supplied medium 11.
- the backflow tube 8 is like the acid-resistant reaction wall 21 made of acid-resistant material, such as. B. oxide ceramic.
- the return flow tube 8 is then followed by a composite heat exchanger 22, which consists of a tortuous tube and passes through the heating zone 6 in the longitudinal direction.
- the composite heat exchanger 22 On its outer wall exposed to the basic medium 11 supplied to the heating zone 6, the composite heat exchanger 22 is made of alkali-resistant material, such as metallic materials (eg Inconel).
- the inner wall of the composite heat exchanger 22 is made of an acid-resistant material, such as oxide ceramic.
- the converted medium finally leaves the inner container 3 through the composite heat exchanger 22 after it has passed through the reaction zone in the backflow pipe 8.
- a third embodiment of a reaction container for the chemical conversion of a fluid medium under elevated pressure and elevated temperature, in particular for converting materials by means of oxidation in supercritical water, is described below with reference to FIG. 3.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable if the medium supplied is neutral or acidic and the acid contained in the converted medium cannot be neutralized because, for. B. the injection of lye leads to salt precipitation.
- the container material consists of a commercially available heat-resistant stainless steel.
- the inclusion of the chemical reaction takes place in an impermeable inner container 3.
- This inner container 3 is made of an acid-resistant material, such as. B. oxide ceramic AI 2 O 3 , manufactured.
- the gap space 4 between the wall of the pressure container 1 and that of the inner container 3 is flowed through with non-corrosive barrier fluid 2, such as water, and establishes the connection with regard to pressure between the inner and outer containers, ie the wall of the inner container is against the barrier fluid 2 against pressure prevailing in the interior.
- the inner container 3 can have a small inflow opening 5.
- This inflow opening 5 establishes a connection between the gap space 4 and the reaction space 7 in the interior of the inner container 3.
- the first pipeline 28 also has a heat exchanger 30, by means of which heat energy is extracted from the hot barrier fluid 2 flowing in the pipeline. This heat Energy can then be used to preheat the inflowing pollutant stream and / or the oxidant stream before it is introduced into the pressure vessel 1.
- a second pipeline 29 can establish a connection between an inflow line of the barrier fluid 2 into the pressure container 1 and the return flow pipe 8.
- the medium 11 supplied to the reaction container consists, for example, of a
- Pollutant and an oxidant stream each of which is pumped to system pressure before being introduced into the reaction vessel and then mixed, for example, with one another.
- the supplied medium 11 then passes through a heating zone 6, in the course of which it is brought to the reaction temperature by means of a large number of electrical heaters 15, in particular heating elements, into a reaction zone 7, in which the chemical reaction, such as a decomposition of pollutants, takes place.
- the electrical heaters 15 are arranged, for example, in a concentric circular shape around a displacer 23 located in the center of the heating zone 6.
- the displacer 23 has the purpose of forcing the supplied medium 11 along the electrical heaters 15, which increases the heating efficiency.
- the medium 12 converted from the chemical reaction now flows out of the reaction zone 7 again via a large number of return flow tubes 8 arranged in a concentric circular shape.
- a flow reversal of the medium takes place in such a way that the outflow direction of the converted medium 12 through the return flow pipes 8 is opposite to the inflow direction of the supplied medium 11.
- the backflow pipes 8 are made entirely of acid-resistant material, such as oxide ceramics.
- the return flow tubes 8 extend beyond the reaction zone 7 through the heating zone 6 and take over the function of a heat exchanger there.
- the converted medium 12 now leaves the inner container 3 after it has passed through the reaction zone 7 and the heating zone 6 in the return flow tubes 8. There are run the Aufheizzo ⁇ e 6 excess thermal energy to the supplied medium 11 contained therein, which thereby experiences an additional heating in addition to the heating by the electrical heaters 15.
- the heat exchange in the heating zone 6 can also take place via specially designed heat exchange devices, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
- the return flow pipe 8 opens into such a heat exchange device at the transition between reaction zone 7 and heating zone 6.
- this can be a tubular coil heat exchanger 9 made of oxide ceramic, which consists of a heat-conducting tube which has a coil-shaped winding in the direction of the axis of symmetry of the heating zone 6 in order to maximize the contact area with the input medium.
- the device shown in FIG. 5 can also be used as a heat exchanger. This has an oxide ceramic hollow cylinder 24.
- spiral-like channels are screwed into its outer wall while the material is still soft.
- a thin-walled, likewise oxide-ceramic hollow tube 26 is then pushed onto the hollow cylinder 24, so that it lies flush against the outer surface of the hollow cylinder 24.
- the converted medium can thus flow down through the spiral channels along the outer surface of the inner cylinder 24 and in the process release excess thermal energy to the supplied medium 11 flowing in the heating zone 6.
- the converted medium 12 releases excess thermal energy to the supplied medium 11 flowing in the hollow cylinder 24 in the region of the heating zone 6.
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DE10291797T DE10291797D2 (de) | 2001-04-26 | 2002-04-25 | Verfahren zur chemischen Umsetzung eines fluiden Mediums unter erhöhtem Druck und erhöhter Temperatur |
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DE2001120581 DE10120581A1 (de) | 2001-04-26 | 2001-04-26 | Verfahren zur chemischen Umsetzung eines fluiden Mediums |
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DE102004005761A1 (de) * | 2004-02-05 | 2005-06-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Neutralisationsverfahren |
FR3001156B1 (fr) * | 2013-01-18 | 2016-10-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif d'oxydation hydrothermale pour le traitement d'une matiere dans un milieu supercritique et procede de mise en oeuvre |
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US3606999A (en) * | 1967-08-04 | 1971-09-21 | Harold L Lawless | Method of and apparatus for carrying out a chemical or physical process |
US3945805A (en) * | 1974-04-18 | 1976-03-23 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Reactor-generator apparatus |
US4272383A (en) * | 1978-03-17 | 1981-06-09 | Mcgrew Jay Lininger | Method and apparatus for effecting subsurface, controlled, accelerated chemical reactions |
US5358646A (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1994-10-25 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for multiple-stage and recycle wet oxidation |
US5454950A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1995-10-03 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas | Method and apparatus for reverse-injection wet oxidation, sintered material catalytic reaction, sintered material filtration at supercritical conditions, sintered material gas separation, and high temperature pressurization |
DE4443078A1 (de) * | 1994-12-03 | 1996-06-05 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Verfahren zum Schutz innerer Behälterwandungen bei der überkritischen Wasseroxydation |
-
2001
- 2001-04-26 DE DE2001120581 patent/DE10120581A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-04-25 WO PCT/EP2002/004611 patent/WO2002087739A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-25 DE DE10291797T patent/DE10291797D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3149176A (en) * | 1961-07-13 | 1964-09-15 | Gulf Research Development Co | Hydrodealkylation process |
US3606999A (en) * | 1967-08-04 | 1971-09-21 | Harold L Lawless | Method of and apparatus for carrying out a chemical or physical process |
US3945805A (en) * | 1974-04-18 | 1976-03-23 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Reactor-generator apparatus |
US4272383A (en) * | 1978-03-17 | 1981-06-09 | Mcgrew Jay Lininger | Method and apparatus for effecting subsurface, controlled, accelerated chemical reactions |
US5454950A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1995-10-03 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas | Method and apparatus for reverse-injection wet oxidation, sintered material catalytic reaction, sintered material filtration at supercritical conditions, sintered material gas separation, and high temperature pressurization |
US5358646A (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1994-10-25 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for multiple-stage and recycle wet oxidation |
DE4443078A1 (de) * | 1994-12-03 | 1996-06-05 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Verfahren zum Schutz innerer Behälterwandungen bei der überkritischen Wasseroxydation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE10291797D2 (de) | 2004-05-27 |
DE10120581A1 (de) | 2002-10-31 |
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