WO2002083067A2 - Prodrugs via acylation with cinnamate - Google Patents

Prodrugs via acylation with cinnamate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002083067A2
WO2002083067A2 PCT/US2002/011330 US0211330W WO02083067A2 WO 2002083067 A2 WO2002083067 A2 WO 2002083067A2 US 0211330 W US0211330 W US 0211330W WO 02083067 A2 WO02083067 A2 WO 02083067A2
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Prior art keywords
group
compound
cinn
biologically active
paclitaxel
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PCT/US2002/011330
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2002083067A3 (en
WO2002083067A9 (en
Inventor
Carl W. Gilbert
Eleanor B. Mcgowan
Kirby S. Black
Gregory T.P. Harper
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Cryolife, Inc.
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Priority to EP02728730A priority Critical patent/EP1395256A4/en
Priority to JP2002580872A priority patent/JP2005504006A/ja
Priority to CA002444264A priority patent/CA2444264A1/en
Publication of WO2002083067A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002083067A2/en
Publication of WO2002083067A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002083067A3/en
Publication of WO2002083067A9 publication Critical patent/WO2002083067A9/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/36—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
    • C07D207/40—2,5-Pyrrolidine-diones
    • C07D207/416—2,5-Pyrrolidine-diones with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/444—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having two doubly-bound oxygen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 5
    • C07D207/448—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having two doubly-bound oxygen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 5 with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms, e.g. maleimide
    • C07D207/452—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having two doubly-bound oxygen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 5 with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms, e.g. maleimide with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with hetero atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
    • C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
    • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
    • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
    • C07D295/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
    • C07D295/096—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms separated by carbocyclic rings or by carbon chains interrupted by carbocyclic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D305/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D305/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
    • C07H15/20—Carbocyclic rings
    • C07H15/24—Condensed ring systems having three or more rings
    • C07H15/252—Naphthacene radicals, e.g. daunomycins, adriamycins

Definitions

  • the present application relates generally to energy-reversible compositions containing drugs or other molecules.
  • the present application relates to drug moieties and other biologically active moieties, herein denoted -X* A, bonded to a cinnamic acid or related molecular core (herein denoted Z-CINN).
  • prodrugs an active drug is typically bonded to another molecule to alter the drug's properties in a reversible manner and regulate the drug's release.
  • the majority of prodrugs have an ester or amide bond formed between a hydroxyl, amino, or thiol group of a drug moiety and the carboxylate group of a carrier molecule, or vice versa.
  • these prodrugs have hydrolysis rates that range from minutes to days. Temperature, pH and the chemical composition of the solution in which the prodrug is administered can also influence the rate of release of the active ingredient from the prodrug. The very short hydrolysis rates and very long ones are generally not useful. Hydrolysis rates in the range of 0.5 - 48 hours are generally more desirable.
  • Prodrugs can be designed 1) to change aqueous solubility properties of the drug, 2) to change circulating lifetime of the drug, 3) to be more lipophilic than the parent compound, allowing greater penetration of biological membranes and therefore greater access to diseased sites, 4) to have lower toxicity, for example, by allowing the prodrug to be transported to its site of action in its inactive form, where the inactive prodrug is converted to the active parent compound at its target site, 5) to bind selectively at a target site, because of a specific targeting molecule attached to the prodrug complex, or for other purposes.
  • prodrugs Over the years, a large number of prodrugs have been developed. For example, some have suggested preparing amino acid esters of various therapeutic agents. Others have suggested forming polymeric conjugates with ester linkages. In either case, the active compound is released in vivo via hydrolysis. Another approach is described in U.S. Patent No. 6,071,908 which discloses a method of treating neoplastic disease using a radiation-activated cytotoxin prodrug. The prodrug releases a tumoricidal cytotoxic effector using reducing agents generated by the radiolysis of water.
  • a still further prodrug approach relies upon the use of light for reversible control of enzyme activity, (see U.S. Patent Nos. 5,114,851 and 5,218,137 to Porter et al.).
  • Porter et al. disclose coupling an enzyme active site amino acid residue to cinnamate (CINN) derivatives to form o-hydroxy cinnamate substituted esters or acyl enzymes, which are inactive. On photolysis, the bond with the active site amino acid residue is cleaved and the active site is exposed.
  • CINN cinnamate
  • compositions designated herein as Z-CINN-X--A that can control lably release the -X* A portion thereof at a controlled rate, whether by hydrolysis or by energy input such as light or ultrasound.
  • Xi A is a residue of a releasable biologically active moiety
  • Ri and R 2 are individually selected from the group consisting of H, CH 3 , C 2 -C 1 0 alkyls, C2-C10 alkenyls or C2-C10 alkynyls, each of which can be substituted or unsubstituted; straight or branched, C2-C10 heteroalkyls, C2-C10 heteroalkenyls or C 2 -C10 heteroalkynyls and -(CRisRi ⁇ Jp-D; wherein: R* 5 and R* ⁇ are individually selected from the group consisting of H, CH 3> C 2 -C10 alkyls, C2-C10 alkenyls or C 2 -C*o alkynyls, each of which can be substituted or unsubstituted; straight or branched; and C2-C10 heteroalkyls, C 2 -C*o heteroalkenyls or C2-C
  • R ⁇ is H, CH 3 or X 3 ;
  • Ri8 is H, a C1-C4 alkyl or benzyl
  • R 19 is H, a C 1 . 4 alkyl, X 2 or benzyl;
  • R20 is H, Ci-io alkyls or -C(0)R 2 ⁇ , wherein R 2 1 is H, a C alkyl or alkoxy, t-butoxy or benzyloxy; X 2 and X 3 are independently selected halogens;
  • R3 is H, CH 3 , or where w is 0 or an integer from 1 to about 12, and D is H or as described for R- and R2
  • J is O, NH or S
  • R4, R5, and Re are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, C2-C10 alkyls, C2-G0 alkenyls or C2-G0 alkynyls, each of which can be substituted or unsubstituted; straight or branched; C2-C10 heteroalkyls, heteroalkenyls or heteroalkynyls and halogens; r ⁇ ⁇ N R»
  • Z is H, NR 7 R 8 or ⁇ / wherein R7 is selected from among H, CH3, C2-C 1 0 alkyls, alkenyls or alkynyls which can be substituted or unsubstituted; straight or branched; C 2 -C 1 0 heteroalkyls, heteroalkenyls or heteroalkynyls, or -(CR23R24)q-aryl, or Rg, wherein R23 and R24 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C 1 -C 1 0 alkyls; q is an integer from 1 to about 6; Rg is selected from the group consisting of (CR9R ⁇ o)n-NR 2 2-Rn, (CR 9 R ⁇ o)n-CH 2 -NHC(0)R26 and (CR 9 R ⁇ o) contend-CH 2 -E; wherein R9 and Rio are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, C 2 -C10 alkyls, C2-C10 alkenyl
  • R26 is H, CH 3( O-t-butyl, 0-benzyl; wherein R27 is a Ci -C ⁇ alkyl, benzyl or phenyl; n is a positive integer from 1 to about 10; wherein L is a linker; and
  • B is a second active moiety, reactive group moiety or a polymer
  • R25 is H, -C(0)-R 28 or -C(0)-0-R 29 , wherein R 2 8 is a Ci.C ⁇ alkyl or benzyl; and R 29 is CH 3 , t-butyl or benzyl.
  • A is a residue of a biologically active molecule such as paclitaxel or another chemotherapeutic agent (drug) which bonds to Z-CINN as a prodrug.
  • Z-CINN-Xi A compositions are derivatized utilizing the reactive Z site of Formula I.
  • Rg is (CR 9 R ⁇ 0 )-NR 22 -Rn
  • R11 is L-B
  • the artisan is provided with light activatable prodrugs which are linked to, among other things, targeting antibodies or polymers such as PEG or other polymers.
  • the moiety "B" can be -H, or a natural polymer, such as DNA, a synthetic polymer, such as PEG, synthetic or naturally occurring organic molecule, or natural or synthetic targeting peptide, polypeptide or protein such as a monoclonal antibody (mAb).
  • H-Xi A is a drug, etc. rendered inactive through its bond to Z-CINN and is preferably capable of having its biological activity restored by one or more of hydrolysis, exposure to light or other energy source after targeting has been allowed to proceed in vivo.
  • these Z-CIN -Xi -A inactivated compositions can have various beneficial properties, such as increased targeting ability, solubility, increased half-life in circulation, or other features.
  • L-Z-CINN-Xi -A inactivated compositions can be immobilized by crosslinking to support materials via the linker L.
  • the support materials can be any industrially or pharmaceutically suitable materials such as organic polymers, inorganic polymers, natural polymers, biopolymers or zeolites and can be in the form of films, membranes, filters, beads, particles, resins, microparticles, or columns.
  • B-L-Z-CINN-Xi-A can be attached to supports by mechanisms such as affinity or by additional coupling reactions with activated support materials.
  • composition of Formula I, B-L-Z-CINN-Xi A can be used with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for administration to a patient.
  • the carrier is one of liposomes, microcapsules, enteric coated formulations, and formulations for pulmonary (inhalation) administration.
  • the acyl bond connecting Z-CINN and -Xi A is susceptible to hydrolysis and/or energy activation. Absent energy activation, the acyl bond can be relatively stable at a approximately neutral pH is the dark. Upon energy activation, the acyl bond is rapidly hydrolyzed to release biologically active HXiA.
  • HXi A is released following exposure to a source of radiation such as visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, ultrasound, microwave, and radiation.
  • the energy source is radiation generated by a radioactive material such as U*, Co*, Fe*, I*, Cs* orTc* (M* denotes a radioactive material).
  • the energy source is light with a wavelength in the range from 300 to 850 nm. In one specifically preferred embodiment, the light has a wavelength in the range from 300 nm to 450 nm. The most preferred light has a wavelength in the range from 350 nm to 420 nm.
  • compositions of the present invention are also provided.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the synthesis of (3-[2-hydroxy-4-(ethyl)(2-tert- butyloxycarbamidoethyl)amino]phenyl-2-methyl-2-propenoic acid, ethyl ester).
  • Figure 2 illustrates general synthetic schemes for the synthesis of various Z- CINN-Xi A compounds of the present invention.
  • Figures 3-6 provide reaction schemes corresponding to Examples 1-5.
  • Figures 7-10 provide in vivo data corresponding to Example 6.
  • activation refers to the process in which the prodrug is transformed to regenerate the parent compound H-Xi A, such as by cleavage of the covalent acyl bond, for example by a source of energy.
  • cinnamic acid is the common or trivial name for 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.
  • Z-CINN-Xi-A molecules include derivatives of cinnamic acid.
  • alkyl alkenyl and alkynyl
  • alkynyl alkynyl
  • Substituted shall be understood to include halo-, alkoxy-, nitro-, etc.
  • molecule and “biologically active molecule” shall be understood to embrace not only organic or small molecules but also proteins, peptidcs and the like.
  • halogen shall be understood to include chlorine, fluorine, bromine, etc.
  • -Xi A moiety shall be understood to mean a residue or component of the B-L-Z-CINN-Xi A compound which regenerates the native or parent compound, H-Xi A, when the acyl bond of the Z-CINN is hydrolyzed.
  • B-L moiety shall be understood to mean a substituent on the Z-CINN-Xi A composition derived from a molecule or molecules which facilitate(s) the stability, delivery, or localization of B-L-Z-CINN-XiA, for example, delivery to a disease site or a particular organ or region of the body.
  • reactive group particularly as used to describe the variable B shall be understood to include those moieties capable of facilitating conjugation of L and one or more biologically active moieties or polymers, including but not limited to the free electron pair (double bond) of a maleimidyl residue.
  • energy source shall be understood to mean a form of energy. Energy sources are applied outside the patient's body or administered within the patient, for example, using afiber-optic catheter, ultrasonic tipped catheter or radiation implant.
  • Hydrolysis of an acyl (ester or amide) bond is a function of the stability of the whole molecule.
  • the cinnamic acid backbone (Z-CINN) is subject to compositional or structural modification.
  • One or more substituents that modify the chemical properties of the cinnamic acid backbone can be introduced, thus allowing an effective modulation of the hydrolysis rate of the acyl bond formed between Z-CINN and the -Xi A moiety, as well as the photoactivity of Z-CINN-X,A .
  • Z-CINN compound is selected based on the desired hydrolysis rate of the acyl bond and desired photoactivity of Z-CINN -Xi A.
  • Hydrolysis rate of the acyl bond depends on the steric and electronic properties of this composition. Generally speaking, an electronically withdrawing group will de ⁇ ease the electronic density of Z-CINN, therefore increasing the tendency of a water molecule to attack the carbonyl group and thus increasing the hydrolysis rate of the acyl bond.
  • An electronically donating group on the other hand, will increase the electronic density of Z-CINN, therefore decreasing the tendency of a water molecule to attack the carbonyl group and thus decreasing the hydrolysis rate of the acyl bond.
  • a sterically hindering group or substituent will tend to block the attack of a water molecule on the carbonyl group of the acyl bond, therefore decreasing the hydrolysis rate of the acyl bond.
  • the photoactivity of the prodrug largely depends on the electronic properties of Z- CINN.
  • an increase of the electronic density of a ⁇ -stacking system will render it susceptible to activation by light having higher wavelength while a decrease of the electronic density of a ⁇ stacking system will render it susceptible to activation by light having lower wavelength.
  • an increase of the ⁇ -stacking system tends to shift the activation energy to light with longer wavelength while a decrease of the ⁇ - stacking system tends to shift the activation energy to light with shorter wavelength.
  • Substituents with various electronic properties can be used to modify the photoactivity of the cinnamic acid backbone.
  • the substituents can be any electronically withdrawing groups or electronically donating groups such as those listed in Formula I.
  • One skilled in the art will be able to determine, on the basis of the desired light or energy source and the desired hydrolysis rate range, to select a Z-CINN backbone needed to generate a Z-CINN- Xi A composition.
  • compositions can be formed using Z-CINN as a core molecule.
  • a variety of functional groups can be introduced into Z-CINN to modify its chemical as well as physical properties. These compositions can also have different reactivities toward a nucleophile or light. Some preferred compounds are discussed in detail below.
  • Z is R7R8.
  • Ri, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , Rs, and Re are H or lower alkyl groups such as CH3 or CH 2 CH 3 .
  • R 7 is CH 3 CH2and Rg is-(CR 9 Rio)n-NR 2 2- Ru and R 9 and Rio are H; wherein n is 2; and Xi is O, S or NH.
  • some preferred Rg groups include:
  • R 2 ⁇ is CH 3 , Ci- ⁇ alkyl or phenyl; wherein each of the above n is an integer of from 2 to about 10, preferably 2-4.
  • Z is substituted piperazine thereby providing compositions of the Formula (la):
  • the cinnamic acid backbone can be synthesized using standard techniques and available reagents by those skilled in the art.
  • the cinnamic acid backbone then serves as the primary reactant with the parent compound described herein as H-X
  • an amine such as 2-ethylaminoethylamine (1) can react with an anhydride (2) to generate the amide (3).
  • 3 condenses with 1,3- cyclohexanedione (4) followed by dehydration to generate 3-amino-2-cyclohexen-l-one (5).
  • Dehydrogenation of 5 in the presence of a catalyst generates a 3-hydroxyphenyl amine (6).
  • Hydrolysis removes a blocking group to obtain 7, followed by N-acylation to obtain 8.
  • Reaction of 8 with POCI 3 /DMF generates an aldehyde (9).
  • X4 is a reactive terminal group such as OH, NH. SH, halogen, e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or other reactive groups known in the art, including, without limitation, aldehydes, hydrazines, carbazates, tosyl, mesyl, paranitrophenyl, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl, maleimidyl, etc. and optionally includes a bifunctional spacer between Z-CINN and the terminal reactive group.
  • some particularly preferred compounds include:
  • R30 is -H, -tBOC, fMOC, or a blocking group.
  • prodrugs of various biologically active moieties are made using available amines, hydroxyls, carboxylic acids, thiols, etc on the parent compounds. See Figure 2.
  • Further examples include an amino acid derivative or peptide derivative being coupled to the N-CINN backbone (13) using standard coupling agents such as DCI/DMAP. Carboxyl groups on a peptide or amino acid would be protected with acceptable blocking groups prior to reaction. The amino group would then react with 13, DCI, and DMAP to give an amide bond, and the blocking groups would.be removed. Similar procedures would be followed for alcohols or thiols.
  • the parent compound of interest e.g. H-Xi A, used to form Z-CINN-Xi A must have an available reactive group such as a hydroxyl group, a sulfhydryl group, or amine group.
  • Suitable compounds include, without limitation, chemotherapeutics, antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, or diagnostics, or the combination thereof, or any other molecules having other known functions, such as nucleic acids or fragments thereof, sugars, proteins, hormones, or peptides which can be linked to Z-CINN.
  • chemotherapeutics antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, or diagnostics, or the combination thereof, or any other molecules having other known functions, such as nucleic acids or fragments thereof, sugars, proteins, hormones, or peptides which can be linked to Z-CINN.
  • the parent molecule used to form the prodrug can be a protein, polysaccharide, nucleic acid molecule or synthetic or naturally occurring organic compound.
  • the proteins can include cytokines, growth factors, antibodies, mABs, single chain (scFv) antibodies, or hormones, or the combination thereof, or any other protein molecules having other known functions.
  • cytokines growth factors
  • antibodies mABs
  • scFv single chain antibodies
  • the acyl bond connecting Z-CINN and -Xi A is susceptible to hydrolysis and energy activation. Absent energy activation, the acyl bond is stable for up to several days at approximately neutral pH. This property makes the cinnamate based compounds of the present invention useful for therapeutic applications and can serve as a prodrug carrier if desired which releases the enzyme in vivo with or without light activation.
  • the prodrug can be used with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for administration to a patient.
  • Z is NR 7 Rg with R 7 being CH 3 CH 2 and Rg being -(CR 9 R ⁇ o) n -NR 22 -R ⁇ i , n being 2, and R 9 and Rio are both H.
  • R) i is preferably L-B so that the prodrug can include a targeting mAb, polymer or both.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,955 to Bre resortt et al. describes a two step process in which an activator bound to a targeting moiety is first administered to a subject, then in a second step, the prodrug is released into the circulation and becomes activated only where the activator is bound.
  • Monoclonal antibodies are widely used for selective targeting to particular cells or diseased tissue.
  • a variety of monoclonal antibodies that recognize tumor associated cell-surface antigens have been used as targeting molecules for many of the clinically used anticancer agents.
  • Surface active enzyme coupled to an antibody can also be used to effectuate the drug delivery process. This antibody-enzyme conjugate does not require internalization.
  • CVF cobra venom factor
  • ADPT Antibody Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,760,072 describes a paclitaxel prodrug which has a paclitaxel portion coupled to a cleavable N-(aliphatic or aromatic)-0-glycosyl carbamate spacer group which has an anti- umor effect after cleavage.
  • the prodrug can be activated by a hydrolyzing enzyme, an endogeneous enzyme or an exogeneous enzyme.
  • 5,433,955 describes a method for site- specific in vivo activation of a prodrug in an animal using an activator-targeting moiety conjugate to localize an activator at a predetermined site of use and a prodrug compound that is converted to an active drug in the presence of the activator.
  • Another representative B moiety is a targeting peptide or protein such as one of antibodies or mABs, hormones, lectins, cytokines, or growth factors binding to specific receptors on the cells to which the prodrug is to be delivered.
  • Ri i can comprise a natural polymer, synthetic polymer, synthetic or naturally occurring organic molecule which can be attached to increase solubility or circulating half-life.
  • an activated polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polypropylene glycol (PPG) can be attached to the Z-CINN core molecule.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • PPG polypropylene glycol
  • an activated mPEG for example SS-mPEGsooo, Shearwater Polymers, Inc.
  • an activated mPEG for example SS-mPEGsooo, Shearwater Polymers, Inc.
  • an amino- Z-CINN at ⁇ pH 7.0 for 60 minutes.
  • Excess SS-mPEG is quenched with glycylglycine and the mPEG-N- CINN-AP is reacted with a parent compound, e.g. H-Xi A, to form the prodrug under appropriate conditions.
  • a parent compound e.g. H-Xi A
  • Ru may comprise a polymer.
  • polymers such as polyalklyene oxides (PAOs) or similar biologically acceptable polymers are converted into activated forms, as that term is known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • PAOs polyalklyene oxides
  • one or both of the terminal polymer hydroxyl end-groups, (i.e. the alpha and omega terminal hydroxyl groups) are converted into the same (homo-) or different (hetero-) reactive functional groups that allow covalent conjugation to the Z-CINN as part of Ru, and, if desired another active or targeting group.
  • Homo- and heterobifunctional polymers such as those available from Shearwater Polymers may also be employed so as to employ both the advantages of the polymer but also the targeting afforded by mAbs.
  • Other substantially non-antigenic polymers are similarly "activated" or functionalized.
  • PAO-based polymers As an alternative to PAO-based polymers, other substantially non-antigenic or effectively non-antigenic materials such as collagen, glycosaminoglycans, poly-aspartic acid, poly-L-lysine, poly-lactic acid, copolymers of the foregoing including polylactic-polyglycolic acid copolymers, poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, collagen cross-linked to hydrophilic polymers or any other suitable non-reactive polymer such as polyethylene alcohols can be used.
  • Specifically preferred polymeric groups are mono or bifunctionally activated polyethylene glycol (PEG) based polymers.
  • activated PEG or other polymer employed will be dependent upon the particular needs of the artisan and the final product desired. It is contemplated that most commercially available activated polymers are useable herein without undue experimentation.
  • Polymeric groups of any molecular weight range are acceptable.
  • a preferred polymer molecular weight can range from 2,000 Daltons to 200,000 Daltons.
  • a more preferred molecular weight range is between 5,000 to 50,000 D.
  • the most preferred polymer molecular weight range is between 12,000 and 40,000 D, (number average).
  • -X] A is a synthetic or naturally occurring organic compound such as one of chemotherapeutics, antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and diagnostics.
  • the prodrug composition is a chemotherapeutic agent.
  • the prodrug composition is an antiviral such as an anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) drug.
  • HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  • -Xi A can also be a non-enzyme protein such as a cytokine, a peptide, a growth factor, an antibody, mAB, hormone, polysaccharide, nucleic acid molecule or lipid.
  • -Xi A is a taxane such as a paclitaxel moiety or docetaxel and the prodrug has the structure of Formula I wherein Ri is CH 3 , R 2 , R 3 , R4, Rs and Re are H groups, and R 7 is CH 2 CH 3 and Rg is CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 .
  • Anti-cancer drugs include, but are not limited to the following: taxanes, such as paclitaxel or taxotere; camptothecins, such as camptothecin, CPT 11 , irinotecan, topotecan or HC1; podophyllotoxins, such as teniposide; vinblastine sulfate; vincristine sulfate; vinorelbine tartrate; procarbazine HC1; cladribine, leustatin; hydroxyurea; gemcitabine HC1; leuprolide acetate; thioguanine; purinethol; florouricil; anthracyclines, such as daunorubicin or doxorubicin (adriamycin); methotrexates; p-aminoaniline mustard; cytarabine (ara-C or cytosine arabinoside); ; etoposide; bleomycin sulfate; actino
  • Anti-infective drugs include, but are not limited to the following: nystatin; amphotericin B; fluconazole; metronidazole; aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as amikacin, garamycin, netromycin or streptomycin; cephalosporin antibiotics, such as cefprozil, cephalexin HC1 or cefepime; natural, synthetic and semi synthetic macrolide antibiotics, such as clarithromycin or erythromycin salts; chloromycin salts and vibramycin salts.
  • drugs include, but are not limited to the following: asparaginase; arginine deaminase; methioninase; interleukins; interferons and interferon agonists; lipases; esterases; DNA and RNA sequences/oligonucleotides (sense or antisense) and matrix metalloprotease inhibitors.
  • the biologically active moieties described above are attached to Z-CINN through X, and are thus capable of forming releasable linkages such as esters, ureas, amides, etc. with Z-CINN.
  • the parent molecule of-Xi A, HXi A therefore has a free hydroxyl group, sulfhydryl group, carboxyl, amino group, etc. capable of reacting with a Z-CINN intermediate resulting in the covalent linkage of the Xi A residue to the Z-CINN.
  • a non- limiting sample of suitable -Xi A groups include:
  • Targeting Agents including but not limited to the following: •Any antibody, including murine, that targets a cell or tumor cell in some capacity, •Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as Herceptin® (trastuzumab) with origins from mammals including mice, rats, humans, monkeys, chimeric constructions, etc.; •Single chain antibodies;
  • mAbs Monoclonal antibodies
  • Herceptin® trasuzumab
  • These antibodies can be expressed in bacteria, plants, yeast, animals, mammal milk (mouse, goat, sheep, pig, cow, etc), and animal cell cultures including murine, rat, human, hamster, etc.;
  • Inhibitors peptides or chemical; covalent binding or non-covalent binding
  • cell surface enzymes matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, casein kinase inhibitors, plasminogen activator inhibitors
  • preferred Ru substituents are proteins such as antibodies to biological materials, which can be used to assist in the localizing of potential enzyme activity prior to release by light or other energy source.
  • Means for delivery of drugs are well known. Many suitable carriers for systemic, local or regional delivery are available to those skilled in the art and may be identified by reference to any textbook on drug carriers or delivery. However, certain carriers may be preferred, for example, carriers which enhance uptake or transport through lipid membranes (such as liposomes) may be preferred in some cases, while other carriers such as poly ⁇ actic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers may be preferred for slow release.
  • the formulation for example, a small paniculate formulation for pulmonary delivery, or encapsulated within an enteric coating for delivery to the lower gastrointestinal tract, may be required in some cases. See, for example, U.S. Patent No.
  • prodrug compositions disclosed herein can be administered in any form of delivery desirable for a particularly disease and the biologically active drug.
  • the prodrug is formulated in microcapsules or liposomes for delivery.
  • the carrier is selected from among intravenous formulations, liposomes, microcapsules, enteric coated formulations, and formulations for pulmonary administration.
  • the prodrug compounds disclosed herein have many applications.
  • One general application of pharmaceutical importance uses the bifunctional aspect of the cinnamate backbone to achieve not only the targeting, but also the ability to substantially delay release of the therapeutic parent compound until the prodrug is exposed to a source of energy.
  • the Z-CINN portion serves as a platform upon which to deliver a myriad of active ingredients, the present invention also provides methods of treatment for various medical conditions in mammals.
  • the methods include administering to the mammal in need of such treatment, an effective amount of a composition of the invention, as described herein, such as a prodrug of doxorubicin to a mammal in need of such treatment.
  • the prodrug compositions are useful for, among other things, treating diseases which are similar to those which are treated with the parent compound, e.g. neoplastic disease, reducing tumor burden, preventing metastasis of neoplasms and preventing recurrences of tumor/neoplastic growths in mammals.
  • the amount of the prodrug that is administered will depend upon the amount of the parent molecule included therein. Generally, the amount of prodrug used in the treatment methods is that amount which effectively achieves the desired therapeutic result in mammals. Naturally, the dosages of the various prodrug compounds will vary somewhat depending upon the parent compound, rate of in vivo hydrolysis, intensity and duration of light or energy, the presence or absence of a polymer, etc.
  • the compounds of the present invention are thus administered as part of pharmaceutically acceptable formulations, e.g. as part of parenteral, i.e. intravenous or oral dosage forms as such are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the compounds can be used for purification, particularly those that are immobilized and bind selectively with a target molecule under a given set of conditions, by allowing solutions of the targeted enzyme to equilibrate with inhibitor, then washing away solution before releasing free enzyme following energy input.
  • a compound containing 4-aminoiminophenol at the "A" position could be immobilized and used to isolate thrombin from solution.
  • the compounds can be used in diagnostic assays.
  • the diagnostic assay may be manual or automated, useful either in laboratories or in the form of a kit.
  • Some preferred methods include reacting a cinnamic acid derivative of the formula (IV)
  • X 4 is a reactive terminal group such as OH, NH. SH, halogen, e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or other reactive groups known in the art, including, without limitation, aldehydes, hydrazines, carbazates, tosyl, mesyl, paranitrophenyl, N- hydroxysuccinimidyl, maleimidyl, etc; and
  • HXi A biologically active moiety
  • the synthesis of the disclosed Z-CINN-Xi A compositions can be achieved through an acylation reaction of a biologically active molecule (HX, A) such as a drug with Z-CINN as shown in Figure 2.
  • HX, A biologically active molecule
  • the combination of the two moieties, Z-CINN and HX] A can be achieved through the activation of Z-CINN with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in the presence of 4,4-dimethylaminopyridine, followed by attack on HX* A to form an ester or amide bond.
  • the combination of the two moieties, Z-CINN and HXi A can be achieved through the coupling of either a cinnamate halide or anhydride or cinnamic acid with a biologically active molecule (HXi A ) such as a drug having a hydroxyl group in the presence of a dehydrating agent such as a base or a mixture of bases, generating the prodrug composition .
  • HXi A biologically active molecule
  • Z-CINN and HXiA can be combined through the coupling of a cinnamate acid with the halide, tosylate or mesylate form of HXi A in the presence of a base or a mixture of bases, such as triethylamine or a mixture of bases containing the same, to generate the prodrug composition .
  • the cinnamate moiety and HXi A can be combined through a direct coupling of Z-CINN with HXiA having a free hydroxyl group in the presence of a base or a mixture of bases, such as triethylamine or a mixture of bases containing the same, to generate the prodrug composition .
  • Figure 3 illustrates the synthesis of a paclitaxel prodrug (15) using Z-CINN (13). 13 was allowed to react with paclitaxel (14) in CH 2 Cl2, in the presence of diisopropyl- carbodiimide and ditheylaminopyridine, to give 15. Hydrolysis of 15 yields 16.
  • T e B or B-L moiety can be attached to Z-CINN as shown in Figure 4.
  • the attachment of a B or B-L moiety to Z-CINN generally involves coupling Z-CINN-Xi A (15 with B or B-L (SMPH; 17) at neutral pH, generating B-L-Z-CINN-X, A (18). 18 can be further reacted with 19 to give 20, as shown in Figure 5.
  • Z-CINN-XiA must be formed before the reaction with B or B-L.
  • B or B-L can be used in its original form, which carries a reactive group capable of modifying a free amino group, for example (such as N-hydroxysuccinimide) or free sulfhydryl group (such as maleimido).
  • a reactive group capable of modifying a free amino group for example (such as N-hydroxysuccinimide) or free sulfhydryl group (such as maleimido).
  • the combination of the B or B-L moiety and Z-CINN can be achieved through the nitrogen atom in the amino group of Rg, which is -(CR 9 R ⁇ o) 2 -NHRn.
  • Rg which is -(CR 9 R ⁇ o) 2 -NHRn.
  • N-hydroxysuccinimidyl polyethylene glycol (“NHS-PEG- MAL") (21) is allowed to react with Z-CINN-Xi A (16) in buffer at neutral pH to generate a PEG modified Z-CINN-X-A [B-L-Z-CINN-X-A;(22)]. 22 can be further reacted with 19 to form 23.
  • the energy source to release the biologically active prodrug can be applied externally to the patient or administered internally.
  • the energy source can be in the form of a radiation, magnetic wave, or radiation from a radioactive element.
  • One representative energy source is in the form of light having a wavelength in the range from 300 nm to 450 nm.
  • Another representative energy source is in the form of radiation from a radioactive element such as I*, Tc*, Fe* and Cs*, [ * denotes radioactive element].
  • the energy source can be used to regulate the rate of hydrolysis and release of drug or other HXj A.
  • Light as a form of energy, is ideal for the task in that light is highly controllable and clean. Light can be readily applied to a disease site. Light with short wavelength below 300 nm has very poor tissue penetrating ability. Light with a particular wavelength can be used to activate a particular prodrug or other Z-CINN -Xi A, depending on the absorbance spectrum of the conjugate to be activated. The intensity of the light and the duration of application can be used to control the amount of HXi A to be generated. For example, photoactivity of the prodrug composition of Formula I can be modified by using either electronically withdrawing substituents or electronically donating substituents to modify Z-CINN.
  • modification of Z-CINN with electronically donating groups such as amino or alkoxy groups can effectively shift the activation energy to a radiation with longer wavelength.
  • modification of Z-CINN with electronically withdrawing groups can effectively shift the activation energy to a radiation with shorter wavelength.
  • Energy sources other than visible light can be used, for example, ultraviolet, infrared (for example Ti- Sapphire laser), ultrasound, microwave, electric force, or any radiation generated by radiation source such as Co*, U*, I*, C*, Fe* and Cs* and Tc*.
  • the energy source is Fe*.
  • the energy source is Co*.
  • Still another embodiment is wherein the energy source is I*.
  • the activation energy can be directed to the target area from a location outside the body.
  • the activation energy can be administered into a body to activate Z-CINN-Xi A in the disease area.
  • the prodrug composition is first administered to a mammalian body such as human body. Another composition containing a desired amount of radioactive material is then administered into the human body. The radiation from the radiation active material subsequently activates the cinnamic backbone of the prodrug composition and thus hydrolyzes the prodrug to form a biologically active molecule.
  • 1,3 dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.036 mmoles) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP; 0.00325 mmoles) were added, and the flask was flushed with argon, warmed to ambient temperature and stirred for 168 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was filtered.
  • the mixture was dried undo- vacuum, resuspended in chloroform and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel 60 using chloroform, 1% methanol, 2% methanol and 3% methanol (all in chloroform) step gradient to elute the product, tBOC-N-CINN-paclitaxel (15).
  • tBOC-N-CINN-paclitaxel (15; 0.0024 mmoles) was resuspended in 1 ml of 3 N HCl and stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours to hydrolyze the tBOC group and yield N-CINN-paclitaxel (16).
  • the reaction was neutralized with 3N NaOH to give pH 7.2 ⁇ 0.2.
  • 16 (0.0024 mmoles, 2 ml) was mixed with 1 ml of 200 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and 0.0027 mmoles of succinimidyl-[ ⁇ -maleimidopropionamido] hexanoate (SMPH; Pierce; 17) dissolved in 1ml ofDMSO.
  • the reaction mixture was rocked for two hours at ambient temperature. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 0.1 ml of 100 mM glycylglycine.
  • the Mal-L-N- CINN-paclitaxel (18) was used within two hours.
  • a monoclonal antibody Herceptin ® (trastuzumab, Genentech), was prepared at 5 mg/ml in 50 mM phosphate-0.15 M NaCl buffer, pH 7.
  • SATA N- succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate; Pierce
  • tBOC-N-CINN-paclitaxel (15; 0.0024 mmoles) is resuspended in 1 ml of 3 N HCl and stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours to hydrolyze the tBOC group and yield N-CINN-paclitaxel (16).
  • the reaction is neutralized with 3N NaOH to give pH 7.2 ⁇ 0.2.
  • 16 (0.0024 mmoles, 2 ml) is mixed with 1 ml of 200 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and 0.0027 mmoles of NHS-PEG 34 oo-MAL (Shearwater Polymers, Inc. NHS-Mal-3400) dissolved in 1ml of DMSO.
  • the reaction mixture is rocked for two hours at ambient temperature.
  • the reaction is stopped by the addition of 0.1 ml of 100 mM glycylglycine.
  • the Mal-L2 -N-CINN-paclitaxel (22) is used within two hours.
  • trastuzumab-SH (19) is prepared as described in Example 3.
  • Antibody-containing fractions (23) were separated from excess 22 on a D-SALT column (Pierce) equilibrated with 50 mM sodium phosphate, 150 mM NaCl, pH 6.5.
  • the PEG 34 oo in this example is illustrative of PEGs of any molecular weight within the ranges described in the detailed description section. The molecular weight of the PEG has no effect on the formation of the final compound.
  • BT-474 human mammary tumor cells (Her2+; American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD) were grown in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 2mM L-glutamine. Young, adult female scid mice were obtained from the Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center (Frederick, MD). They were housed in plastic microisolator cages with sterile hardwood bedding, fed a standard laboratory diet with filtered tap water ad libitum, and kept at a controlled temperature, humidity, and light cycle. The mice were quarantined two weeks before use.
  • mice An estradiol pellet (0.72 mg, 60 day release) was implanted subcutaneously (sc) in each animal 1 day before tumor implantation.
  • BT-474 cells (1 x 10 7 cells) were mixed with Matrigel® and implanted sc in the mice in 0.2 ml. At 9 days, tumor volumes were ⁇ 200 mm 3 .
  • the mice were divided into 6 groups. All groups received drug via i.v. tail vein injection as a single bolus of 0.2 ml. The first group (4 mice) was the saline control. The second group (4 mice) received 1.0 mg of Herceptin and 0.023 mg of paclitaxel (unlinked; systemic treatment).
  • mice received 0.1 mg of Herceptin linked to 0.0023 mg paclitaxel (A-Z-CINN 310.1).
  • Group 5 (6 mice) received 0.5 mg of Herceptin linked to 0.012 mg paclitaxel (A-Z-CINN 310.5).
  • Group 6 (6 mice) received 1.0 mg Herceptin linked to 0.023 mg paclitaxel (A-Z-CINN 310).
  • Doses were derived from a 5 mg/ml A-Z-CINN 310 stock solution via dilution into phosphate buffered saline).
  • Groups 1-3 were control groups and did not receive light activation.
  • Groups 4-6 after 6 hours of targeting time, received 65 minutes light exposure/mouse as follows.
  • mice to be light treated were anesthetized with Ketamine/Rompun mixture.
  • a 16G needle created a hole in the skin near the tumor; a fiber optic probe was inserted to the edge of the tumor.
  • Tumors were exposed to 5 min of white light at ⁇ 0.5 mW/cm 2 from a 150 W halogen bulb. This represents active release of drug. All animals were kept under red light conditions for 72 hours post injection, and then returned to their normal 12- hour light/dark cycle.
  • mice were euthanized, tumors were excised and fixed in neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histological evaluation.
  • H&E haematoxylin and eosin
  • Herceptin-L-N-CINN-Paclitaxel (5) at varying doses, and unlinked Herceptin + paclitaxel at the highest dose were treatments. Mice received light, or not, as described above. Saline was used as control. All treatment groups showed reduction in tumor volume and tumor cell number; this was seen more rapidly and extensively in samples which received light exposure.
  • Figure 7 shows the effects of does-dependent light release of targeted A-Z-CINN 310 (20) over non-treated control tumors.
  • A-Z-CINN compositions were employed, tumor mass shrunk 45-60% by day 28 in a dose-dependent fashion with active release of the drug. There was aggressive shrinkage by day 7 and no tumor regrowth was seen.
  • tBOC-N-CINN-paclitaxel (15, 0.0024 mmoles) is resuspended in 3 N HCl (1 ml) and stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours. The reaction is neutralized with 3N NaOH to give pH 7.4 solution.
  • A-Z-CINN-paclitaxel (2 ml) is mixed with 1ml 200 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and 1ml of 0.0027 mmoles of NHS-PEG3400-MAL (21; Shearwater Polymers, Inc. NHS-Mal-3400) dissolved in DMSO. The reaction mixture is rocked for two hours at ambient temperature. The reaction is stopped by the addition of 100 ⁇ l of 100 mM glycylglycine.
  • the Mal-PEGwoo-N-CINN-paclitaxel (22) is used within two hrs.
  • a murine monoclonal antibody, BRl 10 (Hellstrom et al. US Patent 5,840,854) is diluted to 5 mg/ml in phosphate-NaCl buffer, pH 7.
  • SATA N-succinimidyl S-acetylthio- acetate; Pierce
  • DMSO phosphate-NaCl buffer
  • Hydroxylamine HCl Sigma; 0.5 M, neutralized to pH 7.0
  • antibody is separated from low molecular weight material by chromatography on D-SALT Polyacrylamide desalting columns (Pierce) equilibrated in phosphate-NaCl buffer.
  • Inco ⁇ oration of thiols into the murine antibody is determined using Ellman's reagent (Pierce).
  • Mal-PEG3 4 oo-N-CINN-paclitaxel 22 at a 2-fold molar excess to inco ⁇ orated -SH groups is added to BRl 10-mAb-SH for 2 hours at pH 7.4 and ambient temperature to give BRl 10-mAb-S- Mal-PEG 34 oo-N-CINN- paclitaxel 23.
  • Antibody-containing fractions 23 are separated from excess Mal-PEG34oo-N-CINN-paclitaxel 22 on a D-SALT column (Pierce) buffered with 50 mM sodium phosphate pH 6.5 and 150 mM NaCl.
  • the antibody-drug 23 (BRl 10-mAb-S- Mal-PEG 3 4oo-N-CINN-paclitaxel) is concentrated to 5 mg/ml protein using Centricon YM-30 membranes and sterile filtered (0.22 ⁇ filter; Gelman Sciences, Supor Acrodisc 25), and stored in amber glass vials at 4°C until used to treat a human tumor growing in a mouse.
  • MAb BRl 10 is a murine mAb to a 66-kDa glycoprotein that is found on the cell surface of human lung, colon and breast tumor cells.
  • Human lung carcinoma cell line H2987 is grown in cell culture as described (U.S. Patent 5,840,854).
  • 1 x 10 7 cells/mouse are implanted s.c. into a nude mice.
  • A-Z- CINN 441 is used to treat the tumor as follows: 0.1-1.0 mg of A-Z-CINN 441 (1 mg mAb protein with ⁇ 25 ug paclitaxel covalently attached) is injected i.v. via tail vein into mice with the tumor.
  • mice that receive 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of A-Z-CINN 441 are anesthetized with a Ketamine Rompun mixture.
  • a 16G needle is used to create a hole in the skin and a 1 mm fiber optic probe is inserted up to the tumor.
  • the tumor is exposed to white light for 5 minutes with a power of about 0.5 mW/cm 2 .
  • Other treatment groups do not receive light treatment. All mice are kept under "red lights" to prevent light activation of the drug, for 72 hours post injection, then returned to normal light/dark cycle. Tumors in groups that receive light treatment shrink immediately (>50% in 7 days) and are not detectable by 28 days.
  • mAb A7 is used in place of mAb BRl 10 to form A7-mAb-S- Mal- PEG 3 4oo-N-CINN-paclitaxel 23.
  • Human colon carcinoma cell line LS-180 is grown in cell culture as described (Kinuya et.al. 2001. J. Nucl. Med. 42:596-600). 1 x 10 7 cells/mouse are implanted s.c. into nude mice. When the tumors reached 150-200 mm 3 in size, A-Z-CINN 551 is used to treat the tumor as follows; 0.1-1.0 mg of A-Z-CINN 551 (1 mg mAb protein with ⁇ 25 ug paclitaxel covalently attached) is injected i.v. via tail vein into mice with the tumor.
  • mice that received 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of A-Z-CINN 441 are anesthetized with a Ketamine Rompun mixture.
  • a 16G needle is used to create a hole in the skin and a 1 mm fiber optic probe is inserted up to the tumor.
  • the tumor is exposed to white light for 5 minutes with a power of about 0.5 mW/cm 2 .
  • Other treatment groups do not receive light treatment.
  • All mice are kept under "red lights" to prevent unnecessary light exposure and activation of A-Z-CINN 551 for 72 hours post injection, then returned to normal light/dark cycle. Tumors in groups that receive light treatment shrink immediately (>50% in 7 days) and are less than 50 mm 3 by 28 days.
  • Tumors that are treated with A-Z-CINN- 551 but do not receive light stimulation shrink at a much slower pace and are smaller than 100mm 3 at 28 days.
  • Groups that receive antibody and free drug (unlinked) show tumor growth, and by 28 days the mice either die or have tumors > 800 mm 3 .
  • mAb NR-LU 10 is used in place of BR 110 to form NR-LU-10 mAb-S- Mal-PEG 34 oo-N-CINN-paclitaxel 23.
  • A-Z-CINN 361 is used to treat the tumor as follows; 0.1-1.0 mg of A-Z-CINN 361 (1 mg mAb protein with ⁇ 25 ug paclitaxel covalently attached) is injected i.v. via tail vein into mice with the tumor. After 6 hours, mice that receive 0.1 , 0.5 or 1.0 mg of A-Z-CINN 361 are anesthetized with a Ketamine/Rompun mixture.
  • a 16G needle is used to create a hole in the skin and a 1 mm fiber optic probe is inserted up to the tumor.
  • the tumor is exposed to white light for 5 minutes with a power of about 0.5 mW/cm 2 .
  • Other treatment groups do not receive light treatment. All mice are kept under "red lights” to prevent unnecessary light exposure and activation of A-Z-CINN 361 for 72 hours post injection, then returned to normal light/dark cycle. Tumors in groups that receive light treatment shrink immediately (>50% in 7 days) and are less than 50 mm 3 by 28 days. Tumors that are treated with A-Z-CINN- 361 but do not receive light stimulation shrink at a much slower pace and are smaller than 100mm 3 at 28 days. Groups that receive antibody and free drug (unlinked) show tumor growth, and by 28 days the mice either die or have tumors > 800 mm 3 .
  • reaction was filtered and the mixture was dried under vacuum, resuspended in chloroform and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel 60 using chloroform, 1% methanol, 2% methanol and 3% methanol (all in chloroform) step gradient to elute the product, tBOC-N-CINN- camptothecin (24).
  • reaction was filtered and the mixture was dried under vacuum, resuspended in chloroform and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel 60 using chloroform, 1% methanol, 2% methanol and 3% methanol (all in chloroform) step gradient to elute the product, tBOC-N-CINN- doxorubicin (25) attached via hydroxyl groups.
  • 13 (tBOC-N-CINN; 0.020 mmoles) is dried for 12-16 hours under vacuum. 13 is resuspended in 1 ml 3 N HCl and mixed for three hours at 20°C. The reaction is neutralized with 3N NaOH to give pH 7.2 ⁇ 0.2. 13 (0.020 mmoles, 2 ml) is mixed with 1 ml of 200 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and 0.027 mmoles of NHS-PEG 3400 (Shearwater Polymers, Inc. NHS-3400) dissolved in 1ml of DMSO. The reaction mixture is rocked for two hours at ambient temperature. The reaction is stopped by the addition of 0.1 ml of 100 mM glycylglycine.
  • NHS-PEG 3400 Shearwater Polymers, Inc. NHS-3400
  • the PEG-N-CINN is used within two hours.
  • a cytokine (IL-2) is obtained and resuspended at 1 mg ml in 50 mM phosphate-0.15 M NaCl buffer, pH 7.
  • IL-2 cytokine
  • 83 nmoles of IL-2 (1 mg)
  • the reaction is stirred overnight.
  • the PEG-N-CINN-IL-2 is separated from low molecular weight material by chromatography on D-SALT polyacrylamide desalting columns (Pierce) equilibrated in phosphate-NaCl buffer.

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PCT/US2002/011330 2001-04-17 2002-04-12 Prodrugs via acylation with cinnamate WO2002083067A2 (en)

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EP02728730A EP1395256A4 (en) 2001-04-17 2002-04-12 PRODRUGS ABOUT ACYLATION WITH CINNAMATE
JP2002580872A JP2005504006A (ja) 2001-04-17 2002-04-12 シンナメートとのアシル化によるプロドラッグ結合
CA002444264A CA2444264A1 (en) 2001-04-17 2002-04-12 Prodrugs via acylation with cinnamate

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EP1392204A2 (en) * 2001-04-17 2004-03-03 CryoLife, Inc. Bifunctional energy-reversible acyl-compositions
WO2005042539A1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2005-05-12 Sonus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Tocopherol-modified therapeutic drug compounds
EP1585745A1 (en) * 2002-12-24 2005-10-19 Arthron Limited Fc receptor modulating compounds and compositions
WO2006049812A2 (en) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-11 Technology Innovations, Llc Process for treating a biological organism
FR2902792A1 (fr) * 2006-06-21 2007-12-28 Servier Lab Nouveaux derives cinnamates de tetrahydro-7h-pyrano(2,3-c)acridin-7-one, leur procede de preparation et les compositions pharmaceutiques qui les contiennent
US8106131B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2012-01-31 Nektar Therapeutics Hydrolytically stable maleimide-terminated polymers
WO2018159582A1 (ja) 2017-02-28 2018-09-07 学校法人近畿大学 抗ｈｅｒ３抗体－薬物コンジュゲート投与によるｅｇｆｒ－ｔｋｉ抵抗性の非小細胞肺癌の治療方法
WO2020059772A1 (ja) 2018-09-20 2020-03-26 第一三共株式会社 抗ｈｅｒ３抗体－薬物コンジュゲート投与によるｈｅｒ３変異がんの治療
WO2021129678A1 (zh) * 2019-12-24 2021-07-01 北京大学 具有辐射响应基团的缀合物及其用途

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US6887952B1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2005-05-03 Biosite, Inc. N-aryl-carbamic acid ester-derived and valeric acid ester-derived cross-linkers and conjugates, and methods for their synthesis and use
US20080177220A1 (en) * 2006-01-06 2008-07-24 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Ultrasound-Mediated Transcleral Drug Delivery
WO2009009716A1 (en) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-15 Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Polymeric drug delivery systems containing an aromatic allylic acid
JP2010539245A (ja) * 2007-09-14 2010-12-16 日東電工株式会社 薬物担体
US8753677B2 (en) * 2008-09-16 2014-06-17 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Ex vivo modifiable multiple medicament final dosage form
US20100068233A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Modifiable dosage form
US20100068153A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Ex vivo activatable final dosage form
US20100068275A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Personalizable dosage form
US20100068254A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Mahalaxmi Gita Bangera Modifying a medicament availability state of a final dosage form
US20100068152A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Ex vivo modifiable particle or polymeric based final dosage form
US20100068235A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Searete LLC, a limited liability corporation of Deleware Individualizable dosage form
US20100069821A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Ex vivo modifiable medicament release-sites final dosage form
US20130197059A1 (en) * 2012-01-27 2013-08-01 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Integrin antagonist conjugates for targeted delivery to cells expressing lfa-1
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CN107365283B (zh) * 2017-08-07 2020-12-08 无锡紫杉药业有限公司 一种紫杉醇光降解获得杂质的方法

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP1392204A4 (en) * 2001-04-17 2007-07-18 Cryolife Inc BIFUNCTIONAL ENERGY REVERSIBLE ACYL COMPOSITIONS
EP1392204A2 (en) * 2001-04-17 2004-03-03 CryoLife, Inc. Bifunctional energy-reversible acyl-compositions
EP1585745A1 (en) * 2002-12-24 2005-10-19 Arthron Limited Fc receptor modulating compounds and compositions
US7910770B2 (en) 2002-12-24 2011-03-22 Trillium Therapeutics Inc. Fc receptor modulating compounds and compositions
EP1585745A4 (en) * 2002-12-24 2008-07-09 Trillium Therapeutics Inc COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR FC RECEPTOR MODULATION
US8106131B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2012-01-31 Nektar Therapeutics Hydrolytically stable maleimide-terminated polymers
US8227555B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2012-07-24 Nektar Therapeutics Hydrolytically stable maleimide-terminated polymers
US7223770B2 (en) 2003-10-29 2007-05-29 Sonus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Tocopherol-modified therapeutic drug compounds
JP2007509978A (ja) * 2003-10-29 2007-04-19 ソーナス ファーマシューティカルズ， インコーポレイテッド トコフェロール修飾治療薬化合物
AU2004285037B2 (en) * 2003-10-29 2010-07-22 Sonus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Tocopherol-modified therapeutic drug compounds
WO2005042539A1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2005-05-12 Sonus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Tocopherol-modified therapeutic drug compounds
WO2006049812A3 (en) * 2004-10-28 2009-04-09 Technology Innovations Llc Process for treating a biological organism
WO2006049812A2 (en) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-11 Technology Innovations, Llc Process for treating a biological organism
FR2902792A1 (fr) * 2006-06-21 2007-12-28 Servier Lab Nouveaux derives cinnamates de tetrahydro-7h-pyrano(2,3-c)acridin-7-one, leur procede de preparation et les compositions pharmaceutiques qui les contiennent
WO2018159582A1 (ja) 2017-02-28 2018-09-07 学校法人近畿大学 抗ｈｅｒ３抗体－薬物コンジュゲート投与によるｅｇｆｒ－ｔｋｉ抵抗性の非小細胞肺癌の治療方法
WO2020059772A1 (ja) 2018-09-20 2020-03-26 第一三共株式会社 抗ｈｅｒ３抗体－薬物コンジュゲート投与によるｈｅｒ３変異がんの治療
WO2021129678A1 (zh) * 2019-12-24 2021-07-01 北京大学 具有辐射响应基团的缀合物及其用途
CN113101372A (zh) * 2019-12-24 2021-07-13 北京大学 具有辐射响应基团的缀合物及其用途

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EP1395256A2 (en) 2004-03-10
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