WO2002065037A1 - Verfahren un vorrichtung zum verflüssigen von wasserstoff - Google Patents
Verfahren un vorrichtung zum verflüssigen von wasserstoff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002065037A1 WO2002065037A1 PCT/EP2002/001347 EP0201347W WO02065037A1 WO 2002065037 A1 WO2002065037 A1 WO 2002065037A1 EP 0201347 W EP0201347 W EP 0201347W WO 02065037 A1 WO02065037 A1 WO 02065037A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- para
- ortho
- liquefied
- conversion
- Prior art date
Links
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0089—Ortho-para conversion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
- F25J1/0255—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature controlling the composition of the feed or liquefied gas, e.g. to achieve a particular heating value of natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/82—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a reactor with combustion or catalytic reaction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/02—Mixing or blending of fluids to yield a certain product
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for liquefying hydrogen, the hydrogen to be liquefied liquefied against one or more refrigerant (mixture) circuits and / or by means of expansion and passed over at least one ortho-para conversion catalyst.
- the invention further relates to a device for liquefying hydrogen with at least one heat exchanger in which the hydrogen to be liquefied is cooled and liquefied against itself and / or one or more refrigerant (mixture) circuits, and / or with at least one expansion device in which the hydrogen is expanded, and with at least one ortho-para conversion catalyst and / or a heat exchanger area in which an ortho-para conversion catalyst is arranged.
- Hydrogen is one of the energy sources of the future due to its unlimited availability as a component of water, its environmental friendliness after combustion, its storage capacity and its transportability in the liquid state.
- the hydrogen molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms, which in turn each consist of a proton and an electron. It exists in two modifications, as ortho-hydrogen or as para-hydrogen, which differ in the spin of their atomic nuclei.
- the two Kemspins are aligned parallel in the ortho modification and antiparallel in the para modification.
- the two different orientations of the nuclear spins are responsible for different magnetic, optical and thermal properties of the two modifications.
- the equilibrium composition between the ortho and para modification is temperature-dependent and changes from 25% para at ambient temperature to 100% para at 20 K.
- the conversion from ortho to para hydrogen is exothermic and takes place automatically, ie over several days, but can be accelerated with the help of catalysts. Since the heat of transformation at boiling temperature is 669 J / g and is therefore about 1.5 times as large as that Heat of vaporization, it is inevitable that with a longer intermediate storage of the hydrogen, the conversion of normal hydrogen to para-hydrogen already takes place during the liquefaction of the hydrogen and the conversion heat released in the process is dissipated.
- the aim is therefore to carry out the conversion of the ortho hydrogen into the para form as continuously as possible in order to be able to dissipate the conversion heat even at correspondingly high temperatures.
- the alternative variant - the conversion to para-hydrogen only at very low temperatures - requires significantly higher theoretical liquefaction work.
- liquefied hydrogen In a large number of applications of liquefied hydrogen, however, long storage times are not required; Often, the liquefied hydrogen is even consumed immediately after liquefaction - as is the case, for example, when using liquid hydrogen for hydrogen-powered vehicles or airplanes or vehicles equipped with a fuel cell. For these applications, it is not necessary for the hydrogen to be liquefied to be completely converted into para-hydrogen, since even if the conversion is not complete, the above-described post-conversion either no longer occurs or has no negative effects.
- the generic device for liquefying hydrogen is characterized in that means are provided for bypassing the ortho-para conversion catalyst or catalysts and / or the heat exchanger region or regions in which an ortho-para conversion catalyst is arranged.
- the para portion of the hydrogen to be liquefied is now not necessarily maximized, but is specifically optimized with regard to the later use of the liquefied hydrogen.
- This is done according to the invention in that the proposed ortho-para conversion catalysts can be avoided. After these ortho-para conversion catalysts have been arranged either separately from the heat exchangers or in the heat exchangers themselves, corresponding lines and / or passages in the heat exchangers via which the hydrogen to be cooled and liquefied flows must be provided.
- the invention has the disadvantage, however, that the technical complexity of the system increases due to the provision of additional lines and / or corresponding passages in the heat exchangers.
- the method according to the invention for the liquefaction of hydrogen is further developed, that at least one liquid hydrogen fraction, which has a different para portion to the liquefied hydrogen (product), is fed to the liquefied hydrogen (product).
- a liquid hydrogen fraction obtained by means of a liquefaction process in which no ortho-para conversion catalyst has been passed through can be combined with a liquid hydrogen fraction which has a very high para content, and the desired para content can thereby be achieved or set.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 each show a heat exchanger W to which an ortho-para conversion catalyst K (FIGS. 1 to 3) or two ortho-para conversion catalysts (FIG. 4) are assigned.
- the ortho-para conversion catalytic converter K is arranged separately from the heat exchanger W, while in the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 2 to 4 it is arranged in the heat exchanger itself.
- the hydrogen stream to be liquefied is fed to the heat exchanger W via line 1 and is cooled and liquefied in it against a suitable cooling medium which is passed through the heat exchanger via line 6.
- the entire or a partial stream of the hydrogen stream to be liquefied can now be fed via line 2 to an ortho-para conversion catalyst K.
- a control valve a is connected upstream of this catalyst K.
- the hydrogen stream is then withdrawn via line 4 from the ortho-para conversion catalyst K and fed back to the heat exchanger W, from which the liquefied hydrogen stream is subsequently withdrawn via line 5.
- a partial stream of the hydrogen stream to be liquefied is now not to be fed to the ortho-para conversion catalyst K, it can be bypassed the ortho-para conversion catalyst K via the bypass line 3, in which a control valve b is also provided.
- the two control valves a and b can thus be used to set any distribution of the hydrogen stream to be liquefied to the catalyst K or the bypass line 3.
- FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 only in that the ortho-para conversion catalyst K is arranged in the heat exchanger W itself. Otherwise, the procedure and the wiring of the lines and valves is identical to that of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, two additional side draws (lines 7 and 8) now being provided, via which partial streams of the hydrogen stream supplied to the ortho-para conversion catalyst K are drawn off and that in the bypass line 3 guided partial stream of the hydrogen stream to be liquefied can be added.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 represents an extension of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
- cold recovery is realized by, for example, a hydrogen flow from a storage tank in which a hydrogen with a high para content is stored withdrawn and fed via line 9 to one of two ortho-para conversion catalyst K. This is followed by a para-ortho conversion of the hydrogen introduced via line 9 and thus a cold recovery, since the para-ortho conversion is endothermic.
- the converted hydrogen stream is then fed via line 10 to an expansion valve g, expanded in this valve and, after passing through the heat exchanger W via line 11, admixed with the liquefied hydrogen stream in line 5.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002564315A JP2004529307A (ja) | 2001-02-13 | 2002-02-08 | 水素液化方法及び装置 |
US10/467,668 US7040119B2 (en) | 2001-02-13 | 2002-02-08 | Method and device for liquefying hydrogen |
EP02711854A EP1360447A1 (de) | 2001-02-13 | 2002-02-08 | Verfahren un vorrichtung zum verflüssigen von wasserstoff |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10106483A DE10106483A1 (de) | 2001-02-13 | 2001-02-13 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verflüssigen von Wasserstoff |
DE10106483.7 | 2001-02-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002065037A1 true WO2002065037A1 (de) | 2002-08-22 |
Family
ID=7673773
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/001347 WO2002065037A1 (de) | 2001-02-13 | 2002-02-08 | Verfahren un vorrichtung zum verflüssigen von wasserstoff |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7040119B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1360447A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004529307A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10106483A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002065037A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004016506A1 (de) * | 2004-04-03 | 2005-10-20 | Mahle Filtersysteme Gmbh | Wärmetauscher für einen Wärmetausch zwischen zwei Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere Ölkühler in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
JP2007510111A (ja) * | 2003-11-04 | 2007-04-19 | デグッサ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 電力供給ネットワーク用導管構成要素、その使用、極低温エネルギキャリヤを導管内で輸送するための方法、及びこれに適した装置 |
FR3137441A1 (fr) | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-05 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Installation et procédé de liquéfaction d’hydrogène |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10309134A1 (de) * | 2003-02-28 | 2004-09-16 | Frank Russmann | Verfahren zur Verflüssigung von Gasen |
DE102004035319A1 (de) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-02-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Kryotankanlage, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
JP2007099592A (ja) * | 2005-10-07 | 2007-04-19 | Iwatani Industrial Gases Corp | オルソ・パラ水素発生方法及びその装置並びに校正用オルソ・パラ標準水素発生装置 |
DE102005050061A1 (de) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-04-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Kraftfahrzeug-Kryotankanlage für kryogenen Wasserstoff |
US8042357B2 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2011-10-25 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Hydrogen liquefaction method and liquefier |
DE102011013577B4 (de) | 2011-03-10 | 2013-02-28 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Vorrichtung zur Speicherung von Wasserstoff und von magnetischer Energie sowie ein Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb |
US10479678B2 (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2019-11-19 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Ortho-H2 refueling for extended cryogenic pressure vessel dormancy |
DE102014108369B4 (de) * | 2014-06-13 | 2019-01-24 | Technische Universität Dresden | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur einstellung von konzentrationsverhältnissen von ortho- zu parawasserstoff |
DE102014018427A1 (de) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-16 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Verflüssigen und Speichern von Wasserstoff |
KR101585825B1 (ko) * | 2015-02-03 | 2016-01-22 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 이중관 히트파이프를 이용한 수소 액화 장치 |
DE102015118081B4 (de) | 2015-10-23 | 2018-06-21 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Stabilisierung einer Gemischzusammensetzung von Ortho- und Para-Wasserstoff in einem Flüssigwasserstoffreservoir |
US11391511B1 (en) | 2021-01-10 | 2022-07-19 | JTurbo Engineering & Technology, LLC | Methods and systems for hydrogen liquefaction |
KR102518141B1 (ko) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-04-05 | 한국전기연구원 | 오소-파라 상전이 촉매 리프레시장치가 구비된 수소액화장치 및 촉매에 흡착된 불순물을 제거하는 리프레시 방법 |
DE102021128437B3 (de) | 2021-11-02 | 2023-03-30 | Arianegroup Gmbh | Raumfahrzeugtank mit Wärmetauscher, Raumfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Kühlen eines Tankinhalts |
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US2289555A (en) * | 1940-04-05 | 1942-07-14 | Bernard Arbuse | Sound recording and reproducing machine |
US3098732A (en) * | 1959-10-19 | 1963-07-23 | Air Reduction | Liquefaction and purification of low temperature gases |
FR2306414A1 (fr) * | 1975-04-02 | 1976-10-29 | Union Carbide Corp | Procede de refrigeration a basse temperature |
US4765813A (en) * | 1987-01-07 | 1988-08-23 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Hydrogen liquefaction using a dense fluid expander and neon as a precoolant refrigerant |
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US2943917A (en) * | 1956-12-20 | 1960-07-05 | Daniel H Weitzel | Process for the conversion of hydrogen |
BE573733A (de) * | 1957-12-11 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US2937076A (en) * | 1957-12-13 | 1960-05-17 | Beech Aircraft Corp | Process for the production of para liquid hydrogen |
US3389555A (en) * | 1962-01-22 | 1968-06-25 | Marquardt Corp | Hydrogen conversion and restorage work cycle |
US3380809A (en) * | 1963-10-16 | 1968-04-30 | Air Prod & Chem | Process for liquefaction and conversion of hydrogen |
US3375076A (en) * | 1963-10-16 | 1968-03-26 | Air Prod & Chem | Liquefaction and conversion process |
JPS4953192A (de) * | 1972-09-25 | 1974-05-23 | ||
US4273743A (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1981-06-16 | Texaco Inc. | Combination chemical plant and Brayton-cycle power plant |
DE3409404A1 (de) * | 1983-11-30 | 1985-09-26 | Dr. Alois Stankiewicz GmbH, 3101 Adelheidsdorf | Radlaufteil |
US5000483A (en) * | 1983-03-14 | 1991-03-19 | Dr. Alois Stankiewicz Gmbh | Interior noise reduction in motor vehicles |
DE3539146A1 (de) * | 1985-11-05 | 1987-05-14 | Ford Werke Ag | Radhausauskleidung fuer kraftfahrzeuge |
JPH0776668B2 (ja) * | 1990-12-17 | 1995-08-16 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | ガス導入装置 |
JP3486786B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-02 | 2004-01-13 | 日本酸素株式会社 | 液体水素の製造方法及び装置 |
US6126794A (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2000-10-03 | Xogen Power Inc. | Apparatus for producing orthohydrogen and/or parahydrogen |
-
2001
- 2001-02-13 DE DE10106483A patent/DE10106483A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-02-08 WO PCT/EP2002/001347 patent/WO2002065037A1/de active Application Filing
- 2002-02-08 JP JP2002564315A patent/JP2004529307A/ja active Pending
- 2002-02-08 EP EP02711854A patent/EP1360447A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-02-08 US US10/467,668 patent/US7040119B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2289555A (en) * | 1940-04-05 | 1942-07-14 | Bernard Arbuse | Sound recording and reproducing machine |
US3098732A (en) * | 1959-10-19 | 1963-07-23 | Air Reduction | Liquefaction and purification of low temperature gases |
FR2306414A1 (fr) * | 1975-04-02 | 1976-10-29 | Union Carbide Corp | Procede de refrigeration a basse temperature |
US4765813A (en) * | 1987-01-07 | 1988-08-23 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Hydrogen liquefaction using a dense fluid expander and neon as a precoolant refrigerant |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007510111A (ja) * | 2003-11-04 | 2007-04-19 | デグッサ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 電力供給ネットワーク用導管構成要素、その使用、極低温エネルギキャリヤを導管内で輸送するための方法、及びこれに適した装置 |
DE102004016506A1 (de) * | 2004-04-03 | 2005-10-20 | Mahle Filtersysteme Gmbh | Wärmetauscher für einen Wärmetausch zwischen zwei Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere Ölkühler in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
DE102004016506B4 (de) * | 2004-04-03 | 2013-08-22 | Mahle Filtersysteme Gmbh | Wärmetauscher für einen Wärmetausch zwischen zwei Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere Ölkühler in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
FR3137441A1 (fr) | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-05 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Installation et procédé de liquéfaction d’hydrogène |
EP4303510A1 (de) | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-10 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Anlage und verfahren zur wasserstoffverflüssigung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2004529307A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
EP1360447A1 (de) | 2003-11-12 |
DE10106483A1 (de) | 2002-08-14 |
US7040119B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 |
US20040112083A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
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