WO2002059502A1 - Nouveau type d'engrenage a mouvement de rotation et a mouvement rectiligne alternatif - Google Patents

Nouveau type d'engrenage a mouvement de rotation et a mouvement rectiligne alternatif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002059502A1
WO2002059502A1 PCT/CN2001/000573 CN0100573W WO02059502A1 WO 2002059502 A1 WO2002059502 A1 WO 2002059502A1 CN 0100573 W CN0100573 W CN 0100573W WO 02059502 A1 WO02059502 A1 WO 02059502A1
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Prior art keywords
frame
slider
crankshaft
piston
transmission device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2001/000573
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dingcheng Xu
Hong Xu
Original Assignee
Dingcheng Xu
Hong Xu
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Publication date
Application filed by Dingcheng Xu, Hong Xu filed Critical Dingcheng Xu
Publication of WO2002059502A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002059502A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
    • F01B9/02—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with crankshaft
    • F01B9/023—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with crankshaft of Bourke-type or Scotch yoke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H21/00—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
    • F16H21/10—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
    • F16H21/16—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
    • F16H21/18—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings
    • F16H21/36—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings without swinging connecting-rod, e.g. with epicyclic parallel motion, slot-and-crank motion

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to a mechanical transmission device, and particularly relates to a transmission device in which rotary motion and reciprocating linear motion are mutually converted.
  • crankshaft connecting rod transmission technology such as the application in pistons.
  • This transmission technology There are several contradictions in this transmission technology: First, the contradiction between the lateral wear and volume between the piston and the cylinder wall caused by continuous swinging. If the connecting rod is directly connected to the piston (such as: internal combustion engine, simplex air compressor, etc.), although the equipment can obtain a small volume, it is easy to cause lateral wear of the piston and the cylinder wall, which is disadvantageous for sealing.
  • the shaft (or piston rod) is connected to the connecting rod (such as a duplex air compressor).
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new transmission device of rotary motion and reciprocating linear motion.
  • This mechanical transmission device can be used in various occasions. It can convert the rotary motion and reciprocating linear motion to each other. If it is used on a piston, it It can not only reduce the volume of the equipment, but also eliminate the lateral wear between the piston and the cylinder wall. At the same time, the blank is easy to use cushioning technology to further reduce shock vibration and wear. For internal combustion engines, it can also provide the piston at the top dead center. A certain standstill time to ensure that the fuel entering the human cylinder can be completely burned at the same high compression ratio, efficiently convert heat energy into mechanical energy, and waste it. Heat recovery creates effective conditions.
  • the invention is a novel transmission device of rotary motion and reciprocating linear motion.
  • the main points of the structure are: the transmission device is composed of a crankshaft, a slider, a slider frame, and a push rod connected to the left and right sides of the slider frame;
  • On the crankshaft seat it is composed of a main crank neck, a crank, and a secondary crank neck; a slider frame and a slider located in the slider frame are installed between the two cranks of the crankshaft, the secondary crank neck is connected with the sliders, and the upper and lower parts of the slider frame There is a movable trough for a swimmer frame.
  • the crankshaft is driven by power as the driving shaft, and then the secondary curved neck drives the sliders to rotate at the same time.
  • the slider and the push rod are driven by the slider motion, and the slider moves linearly back and forth along the movable groove.
  • the slider follows the slider.
  • the push rod will push the piston to make a reciprocating linear motion in the cylinder, thereby achieving the object of the present invention.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the putter is circular or square.
  • the shape of the swimmer is square, a cylindrical cavity is set in the middle, and the inner surface of the side of the mullion of the swimmer frame is flat.
  • the outer shape of the swimmer may also be cylindrical, and the concave surface of the inner surface of the side of the vertical frame of the swimmer frame is curved.
  • the transmission device of the present invention has the advantages of reasonable transmission structure and good use effect. If the transmission device is used instead of the existing crankshaft connecting rod mechanism for a piston, it has the following characteristics:
  • a crank crank, slider, and slider frame transmission mechanism can push two pistons to work at the same time.
  • the average single cylinder volume and weight are much smaller than the crankshaft connecting rod mechanism, and the space between the piston and the cylinder wall is eliminated. Lateral wear.
  • the alternating inertia of the present invention is larger than that of a device in which a piston and a connecting rod are directly connected, but it is easy to adopt a buffer technology to reduce or eliminate its impact. If most of the impact can be eliminated, a common mode structure can be adopted as the internal combustion engine (that is, the pistons of a multi-cylinder engine share a crank, and each cylinder is distributed around the crankshaft at an equal angle. The center distance in the axial direction of the crankshaft can be smaller than the diameter of the cylinder bore), so that the volume and weight of the engine can be further reduced.
  • the new engine has the following significant advantages over the Qulian engine-a.
  • the piston has a certain dwell angle (dwell time) at top dead center, which separates the combustion time from the compression time and work time to ensure that The fuel entering the cylinder can be efficiently burned at the same high compression ratio, so that the highest pressure in the cylinder is much higher than the highest pressure in the curved joint, and the energy released by the fuel has the same effect on the piston and equals the piston stroke
  • the two bad areas of the Qulian engine (bad area, negative work area: due to early fuel injection [ignition], the energy released by the fuel will hinder the upward movement of the piston [hand-cranked diesel engine, less power, easy to produce reverse This is the result of negative work effect], negative work is done to the piston;
  • Low efficiency area After the top dead center, the piston goes down while the fuel burns. The more the piston goes down, the smaller the instantaneous compression ratio and the energy conversion
  • the generated torque is particularly large.
  • the torque of the Qulian engine starts from zero, while the torque of the new engine constituted by the present invention is greater than LF m sin (a / 2) 12
  • the initial in the formula, the stroke of the L piston; the instantaneous maximum full pressure obtained by the F m piston, this force is much higher than the instantaneous maximum full pressure of the Qulian; a stay angle, which is greater than the maximum advance angle of the Qulian, and can also Increase the initial torque by increasing a), and the length of the torsion arm is greater than L / 2.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic view of an assembled state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a swimmer frame according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a swimmer frame according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a swimmer according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a swimmer according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the mechanical transmission device of the present invention.
  • the transmission device is composed of a crankshaft, There are four parts of the slider 8, the slider 7 and the push rod 10 connected to the left and right sides of the slider 7.
  • the structure of the crankshaft is exactly the same as that of the crankshaft connecting rod drive mechanism.
  • the crankshaft is mounted on the crankshaft seats 3, 18.
  • the slider 7 and the slider 8 inside the slider 7 are installed between the two cranks 19 of the crankshaft, the secondary crank 9 and the slider 8 are connected, and the slider 7
  • the movable grooves 6 and 15 of the slider frame 7 are arranged above and below; the cross-sectional shape of the push rod 10 is circular, but may be other shapes (such as the rectangle shown in FIG. 3) as required.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the push rod 10 is circular, but may be other shapes (such as the rectangle shown in FIG. 3) as required.
  • the entire transmission mechanism is installed in a crankcase.
  • the crankcase is composed of an upper case 1 and a lower case 16.
  • the crankcase is provided with movable grooves 6, 15 for limiting the movement trajectory of the movable frame 7, and a crankshaft seat for placing the crankshaft.
  • 3, 18, bearings 4 provided to reduce the wear between the crankshaft and the crankshaft seats 3, 18, and rod seats 5, 12 for placing the push rod 10, the upper and lower cases 1, 16 are tightened through the connection holes 2, 13 solid.
  • the swimmer frame 7 may also have various shapes.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the swimmer frame structure in the first embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the swimmer frame structure in the first embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the swimmer frame structure in the first embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the swimmer frame structure in the first embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the swimmer frame structure in the first embodiment of
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the swimmer frame structure in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the concave surface in the middle of the inner surface of the frame edge is arc-shaped.
  • the slider 8 can also have different shapes.
  • a bearing is arranged between the secondary curved neck 9 and the slider 8 to reduce wear.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the swimmer in the first embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the swimmer in the second embodiment of the present invention (the ratio of the swimmer 8 in FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 1 is 2 to 1).
  • the working principle of the invention is simple.
  • the movement of the secondary curved neck 9 can be decomposed into two mutually perpendicular components: a reciprocating linear motion component that is parallel to the cylinder axis and perpendicular to the crankshaft. Make a reciprocating linear motion; another reciprocating linear motion component that is perpendicular to both the cylinder axis and the crankshaft.
  • a reciprocating linear motion component that is parallel to the cylinder axis and perpendicular to the crankshaft.
  • Another reciprocating linear motion component that is perpendicular to both the cylinder axis and the crankshaft.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Description

旋转运动和往复直线运动的新型传动装置 本发明属于一种机械传动设备， 具体涉及旋转运动与往复直线运动相互 转换的一种传动装置。
众所周知， 在现有技木中， 旋转运动与往复直线运动相互转换广泛采用 曲轴连杆传动技术， 例如在活塞中的应用。 而这种传动技术存在几个矛盾： 一是连 摆动引起活塞和缸壁间的侧向磨损与体积的矛盾。 如果将连杆直接 与活塞相连 （如： 内燃机、 单工空压机等） ， 虽可使设备获得较小体积， 但 易产生活塞与缸壁的侧向磨损， 不利密封； 如果活塞通过一根轴杆 （或称活 塞杆） 与连杆连接 （如双工空压机等） ， 虽可消除活塞与缸壁间因连杆的摆 动引起的侧向磨损， 但体积要比前者大得多； 二是交变惯性引起的振动， 磨 损与体积的矛盾。 往复直线运动的物体具有交变惯性， 虽然通过减少单缸容 积、 增加缸数、 采用平衡措施等可降低冲击振动和磨损， 但对于活塞与连杆 直接相连的设备是难以采用缓冲措施来进一步降低的， 对活塞通过活塞杆与 连杆相连接的设备虽易采用缓冲措施， 但体积要比前者大得多； 三是运动特 性与经济效益的矛盾。 作为内燃机， 要使进人气缸内的燃料的热能高效地转 变成机械能， 必须使燃料在同一高压缩比下燃烧， 而且必须完全燃烧。 由于 燃料的燃烧需要一定的时间， 这就要求活塞在上止点时有静止的时间， 由于 曲轴连杆传动机构曲轴的旋转运动与活塞往复直线运动之间的连续性， 它不 能给活塞在上止点时提供一个静止的时间， 因而不能保证进人气缸的燃料在 同一高压缩比下完全地燃烧， 而是活塞一边下行， 燃料一边燃烧， 故不能高 效地将热能转变成机械能。 也因此不能有效地采用废热回收技术来提高内燃 机的经济效益。
本发明的目的是提供一种旋转运动与往复直线运动的新型传动装置， 这 种机械传动装置能使用在多种场合， 它能使旋转运动与往复直线运动相互转 换， 如果使用在活塞上， 它既能缩小设备的体积、 又能消除活塞与缸壁间的 侧向磨损， 同时， 坯易采用缓冲技术来进一步降低冲击振动和磨损； 对于内 燃机来说， 还可为活塞在上止点时提供一定的静止时间， 以保征进人气缸的 燃料能在同一高压缩比下完全地燃烧， 高效地把热能转变成机械能， 并为废 热回收利用创造了有效条件。
本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案完成的。
本发明是一种旋转运动和往复直线运动的新型传动装置， 其结构要点是： 该传动装置由曲轴、 游子、 游子框及连接在游子框左右框边上的推杆四部分 构成； 曲轴安装在曲轴座上， 它由主曲颈、 曲柄、 次曲颈组成； 游子框及位 于游子框内的游子安装在曲轴的两个曲柄之间， 次曲颈与游子联接， 游子框 的上、 下部位设有游子框的活动槽。 工作时， 曲轴作为主动轴由动力带动， 然后由次曲颈带动游子同时作旋转运动， 游子框及推杆在游子运动的带动下， 游子框沿活动槽作往复直线运动， 推杆跟着游子框运动， 如果在推杆的两端 安装上活塞的话， 推杆就会推动活塞在气缸内作往复直线运动， 从而达到本 发明的目的。
本发明在实施时， 推杆截面形状为圆形或方形。
本发明在具体实施时， 游子外形为方形， 中设圆柱形孔腔， 游子框竖框 边内表面为平面形。
本发明在具体实施时， 游子外形也可以为圆筒形， 游子框竖框边内表面 的凹面为弧形。
本发明的传动装置具有传动结构合理、 使用效果好的优点， 如果将该传 动装置替代现有曲轴连杆机构用在活塞上， 那么具有下述特点：
1、 一个曲拐构成的曲轴、 游子、 游子框传动机构， 可同时推动两只活塞 进行工作， 平均单缸的体积和重量比曲轴连杆机构的要小许多， 且消除了活 塞与缸壁间的侧向磨损。
2、 本发明的交变惯性比活塞与连杆直接连接的设备大， 但易采用缓冲技 术来降低或消除它的冲击影响。 如能将绝大部分冲击影响消除的话， 作为内 燃机完全可以采用一种共模结构的形式 （即： 多缸发动机的活塞共用一个曲 拐， 各气缸围绕曲轴按相等的夹角分布， 各缸沿曲轴轴向的中心距离可小于 缸孔的直径） ， 使发动机的体积和重量得到更多的降低。
3、 如果用于二冲程发动机可不必釆用缓冲技术， 因一缸处于作功行程， 另一缸必处于压縮行程， 对气体的压縮就是对活塞惯性的缓冲。
4、 当本发明中的游子采用滚筒形、 游子框竖框边内表面中部釆用凹弧形， 游子在四弧形面滚动时， 活塞将停留在上止点保持不动， 这就为燃料的完全 燃烧、 高效地把热能转变成机械能提供了保障， 也为有效地采用废热回收利 用技术创造了有利条件。 由于将燃料的燃烧时间从压縮时间和作功时间中分 离出来， 这就为高效新型内燃机即五期发动机 （将发动机的一个工作周期划 分为吸气期、 压缩期、 燃烧期、 作功期、 排气期） 或三期发动机 （压缩期、 燃烧期、 作功期） 等的产生奠定了技术基础。 新型发动机具有特别显著优于 曲连发动机的如下几大优点- a、 活塞在上止点时具有一定的停留角 （停留时间） ， 将燃烧时间从压缩 时间和作功时间中分离出来， 保证了进入气缸的燃料都能在同一高压縮比下 高效地燃烧， 使缸内的最高压强比曲连的最高压强还要高许多， 同时燃料释 放出的能量对活塞的作用距离都相同且等于活塞行程， 另外消除了曲连发动 机的两个不良区域 （不良区域， 负功区： 由于提前喷油 [点火]， 燃料释放出的 能量将阻碍活塞的上行 [手摇柴油机， 力气较小， 易产生倒转， 这是负功作用 的结果]， 对活塞作的是负功； 低效区： 过了上止点后， 活塞一边下行， 燃料 一边燃烧。 活塞越下行， 瞬时压缩比就越小， 能量转换效率就越低， 部分燃 料甚至来不及燃烧就随废气一起排出体外） 。
b、 产生的扭矩特别大， 在理论上， 在作功行程中， 曲连发动机的扭矩是 从零开始的， 而由本发明构成的新型发动机的扭矩是从大于 LFmsin ( a/2) 12 开始的 （式中 L活塞行程； Fm活塞得到的瞬时最高全压力， 这个力比曲连的 瞬时最高全压力还要高许多； a停留角， 比曲连的最大提前角大， 且还可通过 增大 a来增加初始扭矩） ， 且扭臂的长度大于 L/2。
c、 能有效地采用废热回收再利用技术， 使经济效率大幅度提高。
下面结合附图并通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细介绍。
图 1为本发明实施例装配状态局部剖视结构示意图。
图 2为本发明第一实施例的游子框结构示意图。
图 3为本发明第二实施例的游子框结构示意图。
图 4为本发明第一实施例的游子结构示意图。
图 5为本发明第二实施例的游子结构示意图。
参见图 1。 图 1为本发明机械传动装置的一个实施例，该传动装置由曲轴、 游子 8、 游子框 7及连接在游子框 7左右框边上的推杆 10四部分构成； 曲轴 的结构与曲轴连杆传动机构中的曲轴完全相同， 曲轴安装在曲轴座 3、 18上， 曲轴由主曲颈 14、 曲柄 19、 次曲颈 9组成； 游子框 7及位于游子框 7内的游 子 8安装在曲轴的两个曲柄 19之间， 次曲颈 9与游子 8联接， 游子框 7上、 下设有游子框 7的活动槽 6、 15； 推杆 10的截面形状为圆形， 但根据需要可 以是其它形状（如图 3所示的矩形） ， 推杆 10的两端在实际使用时可安装需 作往复直线运动的机件、 如活塞 11、 17。
整个传动机构安装在曲轴箱内， 曲轴箱由上箱体 1、 下箱体 16构成， 在 曲轴箱上设有用来限定游子框 7运动轨迹的活动槽 6、 15， 用于安放曲轴的曲 轴座 3、 18， 为减少曲轴与曲轴座 3、 18之间的磨损而设置的轴承 4， 以及用 于安放推杆 10的杆座 5、 12 , 上下箱体 1、 16通过连接孔 2、 13紧固。 游子 框 7也可以有多种形状， 图 2为本发明第一实施例的游子框结构示意图； 图 3 为本发明第二实施例的游子框结构示意图； 第二实施例的游子框 7的竖框边 内表面中部凹面呈弧形。 游子 8也可以有不同形状， 次曲颈 9与游子 8之间 设置轴承， 以减小磨损。 图 4为本发明第一实施例游子结构示意图； 图 5为 本发明第二实施例的游子结构示意图 （图 4、 图 5与图 1中的游子 8之比为 2 比 1 ) 。
下面结合附图叙述本发明的工作过程：
本发明的工作原理很简单。 参见图 1， 当曲轴旋转时， 次曲颈 9的运动可 分解成两个相互垂直的分量： 一个平行于气缸轴线垂直于曲轴的往复直线运 动分量， 它通过游子 8使游子框 7沿气缸轴线作往复直线运动； 另一个既垂 直于气缸轴线又垂直于曲轴的往复直线运动分量， 当曲柄 19按顺时针方向在 右边转动时， 次曲颈 9从上向下运动， 曲柄 19在左边转动时， 次曲颈 9由下 向上运动， 这是次曲颈 9既垂直于气缸轴线又垂直于曲轴的往复直线运动分 量， 它使游子 8在游子框 7内作上下往复直线运动。
当游子框 7采用图 3结构， 游子采用图 5结构， 游子框 7凹形弧面满足 一定条件时， 游子 8在弧面区域滚动， 活塞将保持在上止点静止不动。 这就 为进入气缸内的燃料在同一个最高压缩比 （活塞在上止点时压缩比最大） 下 进行完全燃烧提供了时间， 同时又保证了所有进入气缸中的燃料释放的热能 都能高效地转化为机械能， 也为高效地采用废热回收技术来提供经济效益创 造了条件。

Claims

1、 一种旋转运动和往复直线运动的新型传动装置， 其特征是： 该传动装置由 曲轴、 游子（8) 、 游子框（7) 及连接在游子框（7)左右框边上的推杆或单边上 的推杆 （10) 四部分构成； 曲轴安装在曲轴座 （18, 3 )上， 它由主曲颈（14) 、 曲柄 （19) 、 次曲颈 （9) 组成； 游子框 （7)及位于游子框 （7) 内的游子（8) 安装在曲轴的两个曲柄 （权19)之间， 次曲颈 （9)与游子 （ 8) 联接， 游子框（7) 的上、 下设有游子框（7) 的活动槽 （15) 。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种旋转运动和往复直线运动的新型传动装置， 其 特征是： 推杆（10) 的截面形状为圆形或矩形。
3、 †艮据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种旋转运动和往复直线运动的的新型传动装 置， 其特征是： 游子 （8 ) 外形为方形或圆筒形， 游子框 （7) 竖框边内表面为平 面形。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种旋转运动和往复书直线运动的新型传动装置， 其特征是： 游子（8)外形为圆筒形， 游子框（7)竖框边内表面的凹面为弧形。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种旋转运动和往复直线运动的新型传动装置， 其特征是： 游子框（7)左右框边上是双边推杆或单边推杆。
PCT/CN2001/000573 2000-05-08 2001-04-20 Nouveau type d'engrenage a mouvement de rotation et a mouvement rectiligne alternatif WO2002059502A1 (fr)

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WO2004025082A1 (en) * 2002-09-12 2004-03-25 Wieslaw Wojcik Piston-type internal combustion engine crank mechanism and differential motion
AT511896A1 (de) * 2011-09-06 2013-03-15 Mahle Koenig Kommanditgesellschaft Gmbh & Co Kg Lagerverbindung und motorzylinder
US8622042B2 (en) 2011-09-06 2014-01-07 Mahle Koenig Kommanditgesellschaft Gmbh & Co. Kg Bearing connection, engine cylinder, and engine with the bearing connection
GB2521615A (en) * 2013-12-23 2015-07-01 Christopher William Barlow A device
CN108223734A (zh) * 2017-12-30 2018-06-29 吴淑贤 一种可调曲柄动力组件
US10436345B1 (en) 2018-05-22 2019-10-08 Woodward, Inc. Simplified mechanism for a scotch yoke actuator

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WO2004025082A1 (en) * 2002-09-12 2004-03-25 Wieslaw Wojcik Piston-type internal combustion engine crank mechanism and differential motion
AT511896A1 (de) * 2011-09-06 2013-03-15 Mahle Koenig Kommanditgesellschaft Gmbh & Co Kg Lagerverbindung und motorzylinder
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CN108223734A (zh) * 2017-12-30 2018-06-29 吴淑贤 一种可调曲柄动力组件
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WO2019226665A1 (en) * 2018-05-22 2019-11-28 Woodward, Inc. Simplified mechanism for a scotch yoke actuator

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