WO2002045932A1 - Verfahren zum herstellen von mehrschichtigen tfp-preforms mittels schmelzbaren fixierfäden - Google Patents
Verfahren zum herstellen von mehrschichtigen tfp-preforms mittels schmelzbaren fixierfäden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002045932A1 WO2002045932A1 PCT/EP2001/014442 EP0114442W WO0245932A1 WO 2002045932 A1 WO2002045932 A1 WO 2002045932A1 EP 0114442 W EP0114442 W EP 0114442W WO 0245932 A1 WO0245932 A1 WO 0245932A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fixing thread
- fixing
- reinforcing fibers
- thread
- base
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
- B29C70/202—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres arranged in parallel planes or structures of fibres crossing at substantial angles, e.g. cross-moulding compound [XMC]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
- B29C70/226—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure the structure comprising mainly parallel filaments interconnected by a small number of cross threads
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing multilayer TFP preforms using fusible fixing threads, in particular for producing such TFP preforms with any desired thickness and without interfering intermediate layers.
- TFP structures tailored fiber placement
- the thickness of an individual TFP structure is limited to approx. 5 mm, since the sewing on of additional reinforcing fibers on the structure already formed damages the fibers previously sewn on.
- the sewing threads previously used to fix the reinforcement fibers remain in the TFP structure, as does the sewing surface and the lower threads accumulated on the underside of the carrier material.
- at least one of these layers rich in fixing yarn is thus located inside the structure in addition to the fixing threads.
- a preform without an intermediate layer has so far been able to be formed from a maximum of two TFP assemblies, the two individual TFP assemblies being connected to one another in such a way that the substrate and the bobbin thread are each on the outside of the structure formed.
- the sewing threads are still contained in the fiber composite part after impregnation and curing and represent defects in the material.
- the constrictions and displacements of the reinforcing fibers caused by the fixing threads and the mostly poor connection of the fixing threads to the matrix material have a disadvantageous effect on the mechanical properties of the Material.
- a mouldable, multiaxial reinforcement structure in which the reinforcement threads can be positioned in any direction by means of embroidery technology.
- the glass transition temperature (or softening temperature) of the embroidery threads lies here above the softening temperature of the composite material in order to ensure that the reinforcing threads are securely fixed within the composite until the finished formation.
- DE 19628 388 A1 also describes a multiaxial, multi-layer fiber preform that is suitable for the flow of force and has at least partial Z-axis reinforcement and a method for its production. At least in some areas, Z-axis reinforcement threads are incorporated to emit the flow of force in the direction of the Z-axis by means of embroidery.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method with which multilayer TFP preforms of any thickness and without the disruptive influence of fixing threads or intermediate layers can be produced in a simple manner.
- reinforcing fibers are sewn onto a base using a chemically or thermally fusible fixing thread, so that a reinforcing fiber structure is created, the fixing thread first being used to fix the reinforcing fibers on the base and then being melted so that the fixing thread is underneath Pre-fixation of the reinforcing fibers dissolves and the mechanical properties of the reinforcing fiber structure are not affected.
- fixing thread has the advantage that, for example, the constrictions and displacements caused by the sewing on in the fibers are released again after the melting, so that the fixing thread has no disruptive influence on the mechanical properties of the structure.
- the release of the constrictions and displacements also results in less fiber retention and thus better fiber utilization.
- the thread is partially or completely dissolved, there is no interface from which cracks could start at an early stage.
- a multilayer TFP preform is produced in such a way that at least two reinforcing fiber structures sewn by means of fusible fixing thread are stacked to form a multilayer stack structure.
- the fixing thread is then melted so that it completely dissolves in the stack structure. After impregnating and curing the stack structure, a multi-layer TFP preform without fixing threads is obtained.
- the fixing thread can expediently be dissolved differently, depending on the type of thread used.
- the fixing thread can melt, for example, by chemical reaction with the resin used to impregnate or harden the multilayer TFP preform.
- the fixing thread dissolves chemically in the matrix used for impregnation, so that it is no longer present in the finished, hardened TFP preform and thus does not have any disruptive effects on the mechanical properties due to constrictions or displacements. This procedure is economical and particularly advantageous if a TFP preform is to be produced with as few process steps as possible, since the dissolution takes place automatically during the impregnation and curing process.
- This type of melting is used not only in the production of multilayer TFP structures with an intermediate layer of sewing substrate, but also in the production of TFP preforms without intermediate layers, which either consist of only one or of two individual, sandwich-like reinforcing fiber structures, each of which documents pointing outwards after the impregnation or. , Hardening step can be replaced.
- the fixing thread can be melted by external temperature effects.
- the fixing thread is heated to a temperature above its melting point.
- the melting of the fixing thread due to external heat is particularly advantageous if the fixing thread is dissolved before the impregnation and Curing process is desired. This makes it possible to correct an already stacked structure before the final impregnation and curing process. Consequently, this type of heating or melting enables more flexible handling.
- heating can also be used during the impregnation and curing process. That the fixing thread melts due to the heat acting during the impregnation or curing process. In this case, too, the melting and impregnation / curing takes place in one work step.
- the fixing thread is melted by external heat immediately after the reinforcing fibers are sewn onto the substrate.
- Several such reinforcing fiber structures are then stacked into a multi-layered stack structure, which is then impregnated and cured.
- the reinforcing fibers are pre-fixed by the adhesive action of the thermally melted fixing thread, which gives the reinforcing fiber structure sufficient stability without the presence of thread intertwining.
- the fixing thread can be melted not only after stacking a plurality of reinforcing structures, but also before stacking.
- TFP preforms with intermediate layers can be produced, but also TFP preforms without intermediate layers, consisting of two sandwich-like reinforcing fiber structures, with the underlays facing outwards and - similar to a two-layer TFP- Preform according to the first embodiment - can be removed by simply pulling off after the fixing thread has been dissolved.
- an arbitrarily thick, multilayer TFP preform is produced from the base and fixing threads without a disturbing intermediate layer by first, as in the previous cases, reinforcing fibers being sewn onto a base using a thermally fusible fixing thread, so that a reinforcing fiber structure is created , Next, use a external heat to a temperature above its melting point.
- the fixing thread melts and the reinforcing fibers are pre-fixed due to the adhesive effect of the melted fixing thread.
- the fixing thread used for sewing on is expediently a thermoplastic thread or a hot melt adhesive thread.
- a hot melt adhesive yarn that dissolves when heated above its melting point is, for example, a CoPolyamid multifilament hot melt adhesive yarn (Grilon K85 110 dtex). These threads or yarns ensure that the reinforcing fiber structure is dissolved and adequately pre-fixed due to the adhesive effect.
- the use of thermoplastic threads can be advantageous for the mechanical properties, since brittle resins are usually impact-modified with the addition of thermoplastics.
- Another advantage is that the reinforcing fibers are arranged on the base according to the force flow, so that depending on the desired application
- Reinforcing fibers are arranged on the base in the desired main tension direction.
- Fiber placement can also be transferred to multi-layer TFP preforms of any thickness.
- a quasi-isotropic structure can also be built up in an analogous manner.
- Fig. 1 is an illustration for explaining the attachment of reinforcing fibers on a carrier material
- Figure 2 is a sectional view of the arrangement shown in Figure 2; 3a-3c multilayer TFP preforms with intermediate layers of the base and the bobbin thread collection according to the prior art;
- Preform is taken, shown in different scales.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation for explaining the attachment of a
- the reinforcing fiber 1 is placed on the base 2 in the desired main tension direction and then sewn onto the base 2 with a fixing thread 3.
- the sewing is carried out by means of a known method, the reinforcing fiber 1 being fastened to the sewing base 2, for example with a zigzag seam.
- the base 2 can be a so-called:
- the reinforcing fibers 1 are usually rovings made of glass and carbon filaments.
- Reinforcing fibers are arranged unidirectionally. Another reinforcing fiber layer can be sewn onto the already formed structure in the same way.
- the orientation of the reinforcing fibers can either correspond to that of the first layer or, depending on the desired application, can also adopt a different orientation angle with respect to the first reinforcing fiber layer. That is, depending on the application requirements, the reinforcement fiber can be sewn on unidirectionally in the main tension direction or according to the desired force flow orientation.
- the stacking of reinforcing fibers is limited, however, because when new reinforcing fiber layers are sewn on, a needle (not shown) guiding the fixing thread is passed through the already sewn-on reinforcing fibers, which can lead to injury, constriction or displacement of the already sewn-on fibers. Furthermore, with increasing thickness of the structure, there is a risk that the needle when piercing through the already sewn fibers causes an injury to the fibers in the lower layers. For this reason, the thickness of the layer structure made of reinforcing fibers is limited to approx. 5 mm.
- Figure 2. shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure consisting of several reinforcing fibers arranged one above the other. Three reinforcing fiber layers 1a, 1b, 1c are indicated, which are sewn onto the base 2.
- the fixing thread is indicated schematically in FIG. 2 only as a bobbin thread on the underside of the carrier material 2 by a broken line 4.
- this structure of reinforcing fiber layers 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, base 2 and bobbin thread 4 is referred to as reinforcing fiber structure 5a.
- a TFP preform is to be produced from such a reinforcing fiber structure 5a, which is shown schematically in FIG. 2, this is done according to the prior art in such a way that either a plurality of individual reinforcing fiber structures 5a are superimposed as desired, which is indicated schematically in FIGS. 3a and 3b. or that two individual reinforcing fiber structures 5a are sandwiched together, the underlays 2 with the accumulated lower threads 4 each pointing outwards (cf. FIG. 3c).
- the stack structures 6a formed in this way are then impregnated and cured using a known method.
- 3a and 3b has a layer of carrier material 2 and accumulated lower threads 4 lying between the individual reinforcing fiber layers. Furthermore, a preform without an intermediate layer according to the prior art shown in FIG. 3c is limited to a maximum thickness of approximately 10 mm.
- the known structures also contain the fixing threads (not shown) which, due to the constrictions and displacements introduced during the sewing process, can have a negative influence on the mechanical properties of the structure.
- Fixing thread is characterized in particular by the fact that it dissolves completely either by chemical reaction with the substance used for impregnation (typically a resin system) or by external heat. On the one hand, this creates a sufficient fixation on the base is achieved when sewing on, since in this case the thread is used for the usual fixing, and on the other hand the fixing thread dissolves, so that constrictions caused when sewing on are released again and the fixing thread has no disruptive influence on the mechanical properties of the finished product , ie impregnated and hardened TFP preform.
- the substance used for impregnation typically a resin system
- the chemically dissolving thread for the production of a single-layer TFP preform, it is also used for the production of a TFP preform consisting of two or more reinforcing fiber structures (cf. FIGS. 3a - 3c).
- the reinforcing fibers 1 are sewn onto a base 2 with the fixing thread, so that the reinforcing fiber structure 5a shown in FIG. 2 is created.
- two reinforcing fiber structures 5a can be sandwiched together in accordance with the arrangement in FIG. 3c in such a way that the underlays 2 each point outwards.
- the two-layer sandwich structure thus formed is then impregnated with a resin system and cured. After the impregnation and curing process, due to the chemically dissolved fixing thread, there are no fixing threads 3 or bobbins 4 in the finished TFP preform, so that the documents 2 can also be removed by simply pulling them off or peeling them off.
- a plurality of reinforcing fiber structures 5a can be stacked to a desired thickness in any manner, as exemplarily shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b.
- the structure formed is then impregnated and cured by chemically dissolving the fixing thread.
- a thermally fusible fixing thread with a low one can also be used to sew on the reinforcing fibers. Melting point can be used.
- a fixing thread is, for example, the Grilon K85 110 dtx hot-melt adhesive yarn from EMS Chemie, which has a melting temperature of approximately 85.degree.
- the melting point of the above-mentioned fixing yarn melting by chemical reaction is significantly higher.
- the TFP preforms described above can also be produced using a thermally fusible fixing thread. The melting of the Fixing thread takes place here by the action of heat, which is described in more detail below.
- the reinforcing fibers 1 are sewn onto the base 2 using a thermally fusible fixing thread with a low melting point.
- a fusible fixing thread By using such a fusible fixing thread, on the one hand, adequate fixing of the fibers 1 on the base 2 is ensured, on the other hand, by dissolving the thread 3 under the influence of heat and its adhesive properties, sufficient stability or strength of the reinforcing fiber layers is achieved, so that the base 2 can then be easily pulled off the reinforcing fibers 1 without adversely affecting the layer structure of the reinforcing fibers in any way.
- the heating required to dissolve or melt the fixing thread can take place differently depending on the application or depending on the desired structure.
- the fixing thread can, for example, be melted due to the influence of temperature during the impregnation or curing process.
- the reinforcing fibers 1 sewn onto the base 2 by means of fixing thread 3 are, for example, with a thermosetting resin system (e.g. Hexcel RTM6; infiltration temperature approx. 120 ° C;
- the heating is carried out in a separate step, which is done before the impregnation or curing of the reinforcing fibers.
- the structure shown in FIG. 2 is heated under pressure to a temperature above the melting point of the fixing thread. This can be carried out, for example, with the aid of a heatable press, an external heating device or other suitable means for heating the structure.
- the reinforcing fiber structure 5a can also be heated in a metered manner from the rear, so that the sewing thread melts on the underside and releases the base 2.
- the fixing thread is thus melted and fixes the reinforcing fibers after cooling due to their adhesive effect and no longer due to the thread interlacing created during the sewing process.
- the melting of the fixing threads simultaneously causes the constrictions and displacements of the reinforcing fibers caused during the sewing process to be released again, which results in less fiber retention and thus better fiber utilization.
- the tear-off fabric can now be easily detached from this pre-fixed fiber structure without the reinforcing fibers changing their position. In this way, a pre-fixed structure made of reinforcing fibers 5b, which does not contain any fixing threads and which overall has sufficient strength or stability to be able to be further processed into TFP preforms (cf. FIG. 4).
- the reinforcing fibers 5b prefixed in this way are stacked one above the other and then impregnated and cured to the finished TFP component using a known method.
- the result is a laminate that consists exclusively of reinforcing fibers and has no constrictions or displacements of the reinforcing fibers due to the sewn-in fixing thread.
- Such a stacked one Layer structure made of reinforcing fibers without intermediate layers is shown schematically in FIG. 4.
- Yarns for fixing carbon fiber rovings (Tenax HTS 5331-24K) on the carrier material (glass fiber canvas fabric 80g / m 2 ).
- the yarns used as sewing threads were a meltable CoPolyamid multi-filament melt yarn (Grilon K85110 dtex), which typically has a melting point of 85 ° C, as well as a polyamide monofilament yarn (Transfil 56 dtex), a polyamide multifilament thread (Serafil 100 dtex) and a polyester multifilament yarn , which is usually used for the production of multi-axial couches (textured PSE 76 dtex). It should be noted that the latter yarns, in contrast to the former, do not melt at the temperatures that occur during further processing.
- the reinforcing fibers were sewn onto the tear-off fabric "Super Release Blüe” with Grilon K85 110 dtex.
- the carbon fiber rovings were laid parallel to each other at a distance of 3.375 mm and fixed to the carrier with a zigzag seam with 4 mm overstitch and 2 mm stitch width, a total of 4 unidirectional layers on top of each other.
- Two of these reinforcing fiber structures or TFP semi-finished products were then placed on top of each other with the carrier material facing outwards and impregnated and cured with Hexcel RTM6 using the membrane-supported RI process.
- the value increases to approximately 65-67% in the variant shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
- the comparison of the tensile strengths of the different samples shows that a significant increase is achieved by using Grilon. An improvement of 10 to 30% has been achieved here in comparison with the three standard yarns.
- the compressive strengths of the Grilon samples are average, here the best value is achieved with Serafil.
- the Grilon samples have a rather below-average stiffness. In summary, there is an increase in the tensile strength by 30%, the compressive strength by 23%, the tensile modulus by 8% and the compressive modulus by 26% compared to the respectively cheapest value with standard threads.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/450,187 US7942993B2 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2001-12-10 | Method for producing multilayer tailored fiber placement (TFP) preforms using meltable fixing fibers |
EP01986403A EP1339534B1 (de) | 2000-12-08 | 2001-12-10 | Verfahren zum herstellen von mehrschichtigen tfp-preforms mittels schmelzbaren fixierfäden |
JP2002547695A JP4041737B2 (ja) | 2000-12-08 | 2001-12-10 | 予備成形物の製造方法 |
DE50112575T DE50112575D1 (de) | 2000-12-08 | 2001-12-10 | Verfahren zum herstellen von mehrschichtigen tfp-preforms mittels schmelzbaren fixierfäden |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10061028A DE10061028A1 (de) | 2000-12-08 | 2000-12-08 | Verfahren zum Herstellen von mehrschichtigen TFP-Preforms mittels schmelzbaren Fixierfäden |
DE10061028.5 | 2000-12-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002045932A1 true WO2002045932A1 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
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ID=7666261
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2001/014442 WO2002045932A1 (de) | 2000-12-08 | 2001-12-10 | Verfahren zum herstellen von mehrschichtigen tfp-preforms mittels schmelzbaren fixierfäden |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7942993B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1339534B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4041737B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10061028A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2284712T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002045932A1 (de) |
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EP1484164A2 (de) * | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-08 | EADS Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zum Verkleben von Bauteilen und insbesondere von Faserverbundbauteilen |
EP1484164A3 (de) * | 2003-06-06 | 2006-06-07 | EADS Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zum Verkleben von Bauteilen und insbesondere von Faserverbundbauteilen |
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CN101228022B (zh) * | 2005-07-22 | 2010-09-15 | 空中客车德国有限公司 | 用于通过tfp工艺生产单层或多层纤维预型件的方法 |
US8317958B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2012-11-27 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Method for producing single- or multi-layered fiber preforms by the TFP process |
WO2013040618A1 (de) | 2011-09-21 | 2013-03-28 | Kapsch-Group Beteiligungs Gmbh | Faserhalbzeug, faser-verbundwerkstoff und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
EP2599614A1 (de) * | 2011-12-01 | 2013-06-05 | Techspace Aero S.A. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vorformlings und seine Verwendung bei der Herstellung eines Verbundteils |
US9358731B2 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2016-06-07 | Techspace Aero S.A. | Method for making a preform |
EP3551434A4 (de) * | 2016-12-12 | 2020-06-17 | Kordsa Teknik Tekstil A.S | Stabilisiertes verstärkendes textilgewebe und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
WO2019008443A1 (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-01-10 | Coats Group Plc | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FIBER BEAM FIBER PREFORM FOR PROCESSING OVERMOLDING |
WO2019008444A1 (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-01-10 | Coats Group Plc | FIBER BEAM FIBER PREFORM MIXED WITH OVERMOLDING |
US11571837B2 (en) | 2017-07-05 | 2023-02-07 | Coats Group Plc | Process of making a fiber preform of commingled fiber bundle for overmolding |
US11673292B2 (en) | 2017-07-05 | 2023-06-13 | J. & P. Coats Limited | Fiber preform of commingled fiber bundle for overmolding |
DE102017116803A1 (de) | 2017-07-25 | 2019-01-31 | Universität Stuttgart | Verfahren zur Herstellung von verstärkten Faserverbundbauteilen und mittels dieses Verfahrens hergestelltes Faserverbundbauteil |
AT520486A1 (de) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-04-15 | Univ Innsbruck | Bewehrungsmaterial |
AT520486B1 (de) * | 2017-09-20 | 2020-11-15 | Univ Innsbruck | Bewehrungsmaterial |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1339534B1 (de) | 2007-05-30 |
US7942993B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 |
JP4041737B2 (ja) | 2008-01-30 |
DE10061028A1 (de) | 2002-06-20 |
US20040074589A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
DE50112575D1 (de) | 2007-07-12 |
EP1339534A1 (de) | 2003-09-03 |
JP2004529786A (ja) | 2004-09-30 |
ES2284712T3 (es) | 2007-11-16 |
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