Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
  • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
  • F02B37/22—Control of the pumps by varying cross-section of exhaust passages or air passages, e.g. by throttling turbine inlets or outlets or by varying effective number of guide conduits
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
  • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
  • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
  • F01D17/10—Final actuators
  • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
  • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
  • F01D17/141—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path
  • F01D17/143—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path the shiftable member being a wall, or part thereof of a radial diffuser
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2220/00—Application
  • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to variable geometry turbochargers. More particularly, it relates to a turbocharger comprising a sliding piston which creates a variable-nozzle turbine inlet with fins extending across the nozzle in a closed position of the piston.
• variable geometry systems for turbochargers employ variable geometry systems for the turbine inlet nozzles to increase performance and aerodynamic efficiency.
• variable geometry systems for turbochargers are of two types, namely, pivoting and piston fins.
• the type with pivoting fins illustrated for example by US Patent No. 5,947,681 entitled “Pressure Balanced Dual Axle Variable Nozzle Turbocharger”, comprises a plurality of individual fins placed in the turbine inlet nozzle and which can be rotate to decrease or increase the nozzle section and the volume of fluid.
• the piston type which is illustrated for example by US Pat. Nos. 5,214,920 and 5,231,831 both entitled “Turbocharger" and US Patent No.
• variable geometry turbochargers of the piston type of the prior art the problem has been to obtain maximum aerodynamic performance while admitting tolerances for the cooperating surfaces, in particular for the fins and the receiving grooves which are used. in most embodiments and which are subject to temperature variations and very high mechanical stresses, and also to provide means for controlling the piston in a configuration which is easy to manufacture.
• a turbocharger using the present invention comprises a casing having a turbine body which receives exhaust gases from an exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine at an inlet and which has an exhaust outlet, a body of compressor having an air inlet and a first scroll, and a central body placed between the turbine body and the compressor body.
• a turbine wheel is mounted in the turbine body to extract energy from the exhaust gas.
• the turbine wheel is coupled to a shaft which exits the turbine body and passes through a bore in the central body, the turbine wheel comprising a substantially solid rear disc and multiple vanes.
• a bearing mounted in the shaft bore of the central body supports the shaft for a rotational movement, and a compressor wheel is coupled to the shaft, opposite the turbine wheel, and it is contained in the compressor body.
• a substantially cylindrical piston is concentric with the turbine wheel and it is movable parallel to an axis of turbine wheel rotation.
• a plurality of fins extend substantially parallel to the axis of rotation, starting from a heat shield which is mounted, at the location of its outer circumference, between the turbine body and the central body and which extends radially inward towards the axis of rotation.
• An actuator is provided for moving the piston from a first position close to the heat shield to a second position remote from the heat shield. In the first position, a radial surface of the piston is in contact with the end of the fins. In the second position, the piston is spaced from the fins so as to create a nozzle of larger section with a partial flow of exhaust gases, coming from the turbine volute, through the fins and with a partial flow through a ring open directly in the turbine.
• Figure 1 is an elevational and sectional view of a turbocharger employing an embodiment of the invention, the piston being in the closed position
• Figure 2 is an elevational and sectional view of the turbocharger of Figure 1, the piston being in the open position
• Figure 3 is an elevational view in partial section of a second embodiment of the invention with a seal with staggered seals for the piston, the piston being in the closed position
• Figure 4 is an elevational view in partial section of the embodiment of Figure 3, the piston being in the open position.
• FIG. 1 represents an embodiment of the invention for a turbocharger 10 which comprises a turbine body 12, a central body 14 and a compressor body 16.
• a turbine wheel 18 is coupled by a shaft 20 to a compressor wheel 22.
• the turbine wheel converts the energy of the gases d exhaust from an internal combustion engine brought by an exhaust reader neck (not shown) to a volute 24 in the turbine body.
• the exhaust gases expand in the turbine and exit the turbine body via an outlet 26.
• the compressor body includes an inlet 28 and an outlet volute 30.
• a back plate 30 is connected by bolts 34 to the compressor body.
• the rear plate is itself fixed to the central body by means of bolts (not shown) or cast integrally from the central body.
• a V-shaped clamp 40 and alignment pins 42 connect the turbine body to the central body.
• a bearing 50 mounted in the bore 52 of the central body supports the rotating shaft.
• a sleeve 58 is held between the abutment surface and the compressor wheel.
• a rotary lining 60 such as a piston ring, provides a seal between the sleeve and the rear plate.
• the variable geometry mechanism of the present invention comprises a substantially cylindrical piston 70 received in the body of the coil in concentric alignment with the axis of rotation of the turbine.
• the piston is movable longitudinally i nally via a crosspiece 72, comprising three branches in the embodiment shown, which is attached to the piston and attached to an operating rod 74.
• the operating rod is received in a ma nchon 76 which crosses the reel body and is connected to an actuator 77.
• the neur action is mo nted on bosses of the reel body by means of support 78.
• the piston slides in the turbine body by means of a low friction insert 82.
• a cylindrical seal 84 is inserted between the piston and the insert.
• the piston is movable from a closed position shown in Figure 1, in which the section of the inlet nozzle to the turbine from the volute 24 is substantially reduced. In a fully open position, a radial projection 86 of the piston abuts against a face 88 of the insert to limit the displacement of the piston.
• Nozzle fins 90 extend from a heat shield 92. In the closed position of the piston, the fins are in contact with the face of the radial projection of the piston.
• the outer periphery of the heat shield is held between the turbine body and the central body. The shield is configured to enter the cavity of the turbine body from the interface between the central body and the turbine body and it forms an interior wall for the inlet nozzle of the turbine.
• Figure 2 shows the turbocharger of Figure 1 when the piston 70 is in the open position.
• An open annular channel 94 is created between the fins and the face of the radial projection.
• the flow of exhaust gas through the fins and the annular channel which constitutes the open nozzle is stabilized in direction by the fins.
• the modulation of the nozzle flow can be carried out by positioning the piston at desired points between the fully open position and the fully closed position.
• the piston operating system in the embodiment shown, is a pneumatic actuator 77 fixed to a support 78 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
• Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention incorporating a piston 70a which is made from a sheet of metal or by casting a thin wall having a cross-section substantially U-shaped so as to include an outer ring 94 parallel to the direction of translation of the piston and an inner ring 96 extending until it is fixed to a plate 98 for connection to the operating rod 74.
• the outer ring of the piston is received in a groove 100 of the turbine body, and the inner ring is received tightly by the inner circumferential wall of the outlet of the turbine body, which creates a seal with staggered seals for the piston.
• the core of the U-shape of the piston comes into contact with the fins to define the nozzle of minimum male section.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Supercharger (AREA)
• Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Priority Applications (11)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8848140

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Cited By (9)

Families Citing this family (38)

Citations (13)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 2000
  • 2000-11-30 KR KR1020037006169A patent/KR100737377B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-11-30 AU AU2001221812A patent/AU2001221812A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-11-30 DE DE60032523T patent/DE60032523T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-11-30 MX MXPA03004873A patent/MXPA03004873A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2000-11-30 US US10/415,356 patent/US7024855B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-11-30 WO PCT/FR2000/003350 patent/WO2002044527A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2000-11-30 EP EP00985372A patent/EP1337739B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-11-30 CA CA002423755A patent/CA2423755C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-11-30 HU HU0302896A patent/HU225776B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-11-30 JP JP2002546863A patent/JP2004514840A/ja active Pending
  • 2000-11-30 CN CNB008198349A patent/CN100340742C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (13)

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