WO2002025367A1 - Attenuateur de lumiere a eclairage constant et procede d'attenuation de lumiere a eclairage constant - Google Patents
Attenuateur de lumiere a eclairage constant et procede d'attenuation de lumiere a eclairage constant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002025367A1 WO2002025367A1 PCT/JP2001/008084 JP0108084W WO0225367A1 WO 2002025367 A1 WO2002025367 A1 WO 2002025367A1 JP 0108084 W JP0108084 W JP 0108084W WO 0225367 A1 WO0225367 A1 WO 0225367A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- light
- constant output
- nonlinear
- optical material
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/3511—Self-focusing or self-trapping of light; Light-induced birefringence; Induced optical Kerr-effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/48—Variable attenuator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/52—Optical limiters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical attenuator and an optical attenuating method capable of obtaining a substantially constant output light intensity regardless of the intensity of input light.
- Attenuators have been used to adjust the light intensity in optical communication networks and optical devices.
- the demand for attenuators has increased rapidly with the recent development of high-density wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission systems.
- the attenuator is specifically used in the field of a light intensity adjusting device of a repeater and an optical amplifier in an optical communication network. It is also used for a light intensity adjusting device of optical equipment such as various light sources such as a laser diode (LD). Alternatively, it is used for a device for protecting a photodetector from high-intensity light.
- LD laser diode
- At present, fixed and variable types of attenuators used for adjusting light intensity are known.
- the mechanical variable attenuator includes a type that uses a method of transmitting light spatially to attenuate it, a type that uses a method of inserting a movable attenuation filter in the middle of the optical path, and an optical fiber whose optical axis is aligned. There is a type that attenuates by slightly moving the shaft to cause axial misalignment.
- Non-mechanical variable attenuators include a Faraday effect type, a waveguide type, a polymer waveguide type utilizing thermo-optic effect, and a Mach-Zehnder waveguide type.
- variable attenuators do not have the same problems as the fixed attenuators described above.
- currently used variable attenuators require electrical control and therefore consume power.
- heat is generated during use, and a driver for controlling the amount of attenuation is required. Therefore, there is a problem that the size of the device is increased by the amount of the control device incorporating the driver.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an attenuator and an attenuating method capable of always obtaining a constant output light intensity regardless of input light intensity without requiring electrical control. Disclosure of the invention
- a constant output optical attenuator includes a nonlinear optical material whose refractive index changes depending on the intensity of input light, and an optical axis disposed on an optical axis for receiving output light of the nonlinear optical material.
- An aperture is provided for passing only light having a certain radius at the center. Therefore, in the attenuation method using the attenuator of the present invention, a constant output light intensity can always be obtained regardless of the intensity of the input light.
- a constant output optical attenuator comprising: an aperture for passing and outputting only light having a constant radius centered on the optical axis.
- a slit is arranged on the input side of the nonlinear optical material, and the slit is installed at a position where the center of the long axis is displaced from the optical axis.
- a convex lens and a slit are arranged on the input side of the nonlinear optical material, and the convex lens is located on the optical axis, and the slit is located at a position where the center of the long axis is displaced from the optical axis.
- the constant output optical attenuator according to (1) which is installed.
- the nonlinear optical material is made of a material selected from fine particle dispersed glass, optical ceramics, or organic polymer material. The described constant output light attenuation method.
- the nonlinear optical material is characterized in that the end face on the light incident side is perpendicular to the optical axis and the end face on the light output side is inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the optical axis.
- a slit is disposed on the input side of the nonlinear optical material at a position where the center of the long axis is shifted from the optical axis, and after passing through the slit, the input light is applied to the nonlinear optical material.
- a convex lens is arranged on the optical axis on the input side of the nonlinear optical material, and a slit is arranged at a position where the center of the long axis is shifted from the optical axis, and the convex lens and the slit are passed through.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between an optical fiber end and an optical attenuator according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing characteristics of the optical attenuator according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a relationship between an optical fiber end and an optical attenuator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the relationship between an optical fiber end and an optical attenuator according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a relationship between an optical fiber end and an optical attenuator according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the relationship between the end of an optical fiber and an optical attenuator according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the relationship between an optical fiber end and an optical attenuator according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a relationship between an optical fiber end and an optical attenuator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a nonlinear optical material.
- 2 is an aperture. These are arranged on the same optical axis as the input optical fiber 3 and the output optical fiber 4.
- the light output from the input optical fiber 3 enters the nonlinear optical material 1 and passes through the nonlinear optical material 1.
- Light that has passed through the nonlinear optical material 1 spreads radially around the optical axis.
- the aperture 2 allows only light within a certain radius of the light spread in the radial direction to pass.
- the light that has passed through the aperture 1 is input to the output optical fiber 4. At this time, if various parameters described later are optimized, output light of a constant intensity can be obtained from the output optical fiber 4.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an optical attenuator and an optical attenuating method capable of obtaining an almost constant output light intensity regardless of the intensity of input light, as described above.
- the object of the present invention is achieved by a combination of a nonlinear optical material and an aperture.
- the nonlinear optical material 1 is a substance whose refractive index changes depending on the input light intensity.
- the refractive index is represented by the following equation.
- n n. + n 2 IE
- n. Is the refractive index independent of light intensity
- n 2 is the second-order nonlinear refractive index
- E is the electric field strength of light
- the nonlinear optical material 1 is simply a substance having a constant refractive index.
- the parallel light beam output from the input optical fiber 3 passes through the nonlinear optical material 1 as it is and enters the output optical fiber. Therefore, if the attenuation of the light in the nonlinear optical material 1 is neglected, the parallel rays output from the input optical fiber 3 enter the output optical fiber with almost no attenuation.
- the effect of the second term in the above equation increases. That is, since the refractive index of the nonlinear optical material 1 changes depending on the input light intensity, the light input to the nonlinear optical material 1 is bent and output when the input light intensity increases. At this time, the nonlinear optical material 1 plays the role of a convex lens. The light output from the nonlinear optical material 1 is focused between the nonlinear optical material 1 and the aperture 1 2. The light then spreads radially approximately radially, starting at the focal point.
- the light that spreads outward is blocked by the aperture 12. Therefore, only a part of the light that has passed through a certain radius centered on the optical axis, limited by the aperture 12, is incident on the output optical fiber. Therefore, when the input light intensity is high, the amount of light incident on the output optical fiber decreases. As a result, the light output from the input optical fiber 3 is automatically attenuated and enters the output optical fiber.
- the aperture here has a circular window centered on the optical axis, and when viewed in the radial direction, allows a light beam of a certain thickness to pass through. It has a function of blocking light spread beyond the radius of.
- nonlinear optical material used in this embodiment examples include fine particles of copper or copper chloride.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the input light intensity and the output light intensity when the distance L between the nonlinear optical material and the aperture is variously changed.
- a gap between the input optical fiber 3 and the end face of the nonlinear optical material 1 was filled with a matching oil in order to have optical consistency.
- the nonlinear optical material used here is a copper fine particle-dispersed alkaline silicate glass.
- the input is obtained by a method that optimally combines parameters such as the second-order nonlinear refractive index n 2 , the thickness t of the nonlinear optical material, the distance between the nonlinear optical material and the aperture, and the aperture diameter ⁇ of the aperture.
- An optical attenuator having a constant output light intensity independent of the light intensity can be obtained.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a relationship between an optical fiber end and an optical attenuator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the nonlinear optical material 11 has an end face on the incident side of the light from the input optical fiber 3 perpendicular to the optical axis, and an end face on the light emitting side. Is inclined at a predetermined angle ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ with respect to a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
- ⁇ is in the range of 0 ° ⁇ 0 ⁇ 90 °.
- Light output from the inside of the nonlinear optical material 11 to the outside toward the aperture 12 is refracted by an angle depending on the refractive index of the nonlinear optical material 11 on a plane inclined by an angle ⁇ .
- the angle 0 is zero, the light beam output from the inside of the nonlinear optical material 11 to the outside is It becomes symmetrical about the optical axis.
- Fig. 3 (a) shows an example when the input light intensity is high. Even if the input light intensity is stronger than that in Fig. 1 (b), the light beam output from the inside to the outside of the nonlinear optical material 11 is greatly bent, so that the proportion of the light blocked by the aperture 12 is large. . Only part of the light that has passed through the fixed radius set in the aperture 12 can enter the output optical fiber.
- the second-order nonlinear refractive index n 2 the thickness t of the nonlinear optical material, the angle 0 of the exit side end face of the nonlinear optical material, the distance between the nonlinear optical material and the aperture, and the opening of the aperture
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a relationship between an optical fiber end and an optical attenuator according to still another embodiment.
- the nonlinear optical material 11 having the shape shown in FIG. 3 is used. Further, a convex lens 5 was arranged on the optical axis between the input optical fiber 3 and the nonlinear optical material 11. As shown in the figure, a convex lens is arranged, and the refractive index, thickness, etc. of the convex lens are adjusted so that the light beam is focused at the intersection of the optical axis and the end surface of the nonlinear optical material 11 having an angle of 0. Determine. In this way, the input light to the end face having an angle of 0 is converged by the convex lens, the value of the IEI 2 term in the equation (1) increases, and the light attenuation increases.
- the slit 6 has a rectangular shape through which light passes. 4 As shown in (c), the central part c (indicated by a wavy line) of the long axis of this rectangle is displaced from the optical axis indicated by the dashed line from the input light to the output light. In this way, the intensity distribution of the input light changes from a shape close to a normal distribution to an asymmetric shape in which one of the right and left tails is missing after passing through the slit. Light having such a distribution shape is incident on the nonlinear optical material 11, is largely bent, and then passes through the aperture 12. In the example in the figure, the part where the skirt is missing due to the slit passes through the aperture.
- the aperture will block the part where the hem is not missing due to the slit. In this way, when the intensity distribution of the input light is made asymmetrical by the slit, an attenuation effect with sharper response can be obtained as compared with the case where the slit is not used.
- the combination of the nonlinear optical material, the convex lens, and the slit is not limited to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment in which a nonlinear optical material, a convex lens, and a slit are arranged in combination.
- the nonlinear optical material may have a shape as shown in Fig. 1, the convex lens and the slit may be arranged individually as shown in Fig. 4, or they may be arranged in combination as shown in this figure. It doesn't matter. In short, what is necessary is just to select the optimal combination to obtain a constant output light.
- FIG. 6 shows an example in which an optical fiber is used as a nonlinear optical material.
- the optical fiber 12 is made of multi-component glass.
- the above-mentioned fine particles (clusters) of copper or copper chloride are dispersed in the central core portion having a high refractive index, and have a nonlinear optical effect.
- the light emitted from the input optical fiber 3 is input to the optical fiber 12 disposed via the matching oil.
- the core of the optical fiber 12 is made of fine particle-dispersed glass and has a nonlinear optical effect, the refractive index of the core changes with the input light intensity.
- the optical fiber 12 plays the role of a convex lens, and the emitted light is bent and focused at the focal point. Then, focusing on this focal point, with respect to the optical axis And radiate almost symmetrically in the radial direction and pass through an aperture 12 arranged on the same optical axis. As described with reference to FIG. 1, the aperture 12 is configured to allow only light within a certain radius to pass through the light spread around the optical axis.
- the radius of the aperture 2 is optimally set together with the parameters described above, so that the output light intensity is constant irrespective of the light intensity, and input to the output optical fiber 4 ⁇ Using such a method As a result, light having a constant output intensity is output irrespective of the input light intensity.
- the light is attenuated and output due to reflection in the nonlinear optical material and its input / output end faces, so that a constant output optical attenuator can be obtained.
- FIG. 7 shows another example of an optical fiber using a nonlinear optical material for the core.
- a material is used as the nonlinear optical material such that the second-order nonlinear refractive index n 2 of the formula (1) becomes negative at a certain wavelength.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/380,833 US6879436B2 (en) | 2000-09-21 | 2001-09-18 | Constant output light attenuator and constant output light attenuating method |
JP2002529307A JPWO2002025367A1 (ja) | 2000-09-21 | 2001-09-18 | 定出力光減衰器及び定出力光減衰方法 |
CA002418047A CA2418047A1 (en) | 2000-09-21 | 2001-09-18 | Constant output light attenuator and constant output light attenuating method |
EP01965686A EP1327905A4 (en) | 2000-09-21 | 2001-09-18 | DAMPER FOR CONSTANT OUTPUT LIGHT AND DAMPING PROCESS FOR CONSTANT OUTPUT LIGHT |
AU2001286265A AU2001286265A1 (en) | 2000-09-21 | 2001-09-18 | Constant output light attenuator and constant output light attenuating method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000-287285 | 2000-09-21 | ||
JP2000287285 | 2000-09-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002025367A1 true WO2002025367A1 (fr) | 2002-03-28 |
Family
ID=18771059
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2001/008084 WO2002025367A1 (fr) | 2000-09-21 | 2001-09-18 | Attenuateur de lumiere a eclairage constant et procede d'attenuation de lumiere a eclairage constant |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6879436B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1327905A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2002025367A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20030036255A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1471657A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2001286265A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2418047A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI245938B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002025367A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004212998A (ja) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-29 | Fujitsu Ltd | 可変光減衰器 |
JP2018502435A (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2018-01-25 | ディレクトフォトニクス インダストリーズ ゲーエムベーハーDirectphotonics Industries Gmbh | ダイオードレーザー |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20070005075A1 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2007-01-04 | Bogert Roy B | Telescoping plunger assembly |
KR100728920B1 (ko) | 2005-07-26 | 2007-06-14 | (주)옵토네스트 | 전광식 가변형 광감쇠기 |
DE102009029376A1 (de) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-05-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Photonendetektor mit paralysierbarem Photonen-empfindlichem Element, insbesondere SPAD, sowie Entfernungsmessgerät mit solchem Photonendetektor |
JP6277701B2 (ja) | 2013-12-16 | 2018-02-14 | 富士通株式会社 | 光リミッタ、光論理回路、コンパレータ、デジタル変換器、光伝送装置および光処理方法 |
CN103954355B (zh) * | 2014-05-15 | 2016-04-20 | 南京工程学院 | 一种太阳能聚光碟用跟踪传感器 |
CN104133290A (zh) * | 2014-08-21 | 2014-11-05 | 刘涛 | 光学衰减器 |
WO2022010422A1 (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-01-13 | National University Of Singapore | Method and device for optical power limiter |
WO2024015854A1 (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-18 | Electro-Optics Technology, Incorporated | Laser amplification with passive peak-power filter |
Citations (2)
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JPS63148242A (ja) * | 1986-12-12 | 1988-06-21 | Nec Corp | 光制御方法 |
US4846561A (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1989-07-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Monolithic optical power limiter based on two-photon absorption |
Family Cites Families (8)
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US4776677A (en) | 1983-09-29 | 1988-10-11 | Honeywell Inc. | Means and method for reducing the amount of light irradiating an object |
US5317454A (en) | 1984-08-30 | 1994-05-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Broadband self-activated optical power limiter system and device |
US5348688A (en) | 1984-12-17 | 1994-09-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Optical power limiters and materials therein |
US4952016A (en) | 1988-01-05 | 1990-08-28 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Optical power limiter |
US4973125A (en) | 1989-08-25 | 1990-11-27 | National Research Council Of Canada | All optical self limiter for fiber optics |
US5673140A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1997-09-30 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Non-linear semiconductor optical device |
US6134372A (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2000-10-17 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. | Light intensity attenuator and attenuating method |
JP2933919B1 (ja) * | 1998-08-04 | 1999-08-16 | サンテック株式会社 | 光アッテネータ及び光アッテネータモジュール |
-
2001
- 2001-09-18 JP JP2002529307A patent/JPWO2002025367A1/ja active Pending
- 2001-09-18 CN CNA018179045A patent/CN1471657A/zh active Pending
- 2001-09-18 EP EP01965686A patent/EP1327905A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-18 AU AU2001286265A patent/AU2001286265A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-18 CA CA002418047A patent/CA2418047A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-18 WO PCT/JP2001/008084 patent/WO2002025367A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-18 KR KR1020027018016A patent/KR20030036255A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-18 US US10/380,833 patent/US6879436B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-09-21 TW TW090123379A patent/TWI245938B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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JPS63148242A (ja) * | 1986-12-12 | 1988-06-21 | Nec Corp | 光制御方法 |
US4846561A (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1989-07-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Monolithic optical power limiter based on two-photon absorption |
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Title |
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D.J. HAGAN ET AL.: "Self-protecting semiconductor optical limiters", OPTICSLETTERS, vol. 13, no. 4, April 1988 (1988-04-01), pages 315 - 317, XP002949944 * |
S. COURIS, M. KONSTANTAKI, E. KOUDOUMAS: "Characterization of nonlinear optical materials for photonic applications, unconventional optical elements for information storage", PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATIONS, 2000, pages 143 - 154, XP002949943 * |
See also references of EP1327905A4 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004212998A (ja) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-29 | Fujitsu Ltd | 可変光減衰器 |
JP4557543B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-26 | 2010-10-06 | 富士通株式会社 | 可変光減衰器 |
JP2018502435A (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2018-01-25 | ディレクトフォトニクス インダストリーズ ゲーエムベーハーDirectphotonics Industries Gmbh | ダイオードレーザー |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2002025367A1 (ja) | 2004-01-29 |
US6879436B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 |
EP1327905A1 (en) | 2003-07-16 |
AU2001286265A1 (en) | 2002-04-02 |
CA2418047A1 (en) | 2003-01-31 |
CN1471657A (zh) | 2004-01-28 |
KR20030036255A (ko) | 2003-05-09 |
US20040033045A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
EP1327905A4 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
TWI245938B (en) | 2005-12-21 |
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