WO2002016428A1 - Proteine de liaison a l'irap - Google Patents
Proteine de liaison a l'irap Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002016428A1 WO2002016428A1 PCT/JP2001/007117 JP0107117W WO0216428A1 WO 2002016428 A1 WO2002016428 A1 WO 2002016428A1 JP 0107117 W JP0107117 W JP 0107117W WO 0216428 A1 WO0216428 A1 WO 0216428A1
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- protein
- amino acid
- salt
- acid sequence
- dna
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
- G01N2500/02—Screening involving studying the effect of compounds C on the interaction between interacting molecules A and B (e.g. A = enzyme and B = substrate for A, or A = receptor and B = ligand for the receptor)
Definitions
- the present invention provides a method for preventing hyperglycemia or diabetes using a protein or a salt thereof binding to insulin, responsive aminopeptidase (IRAP) or glucose transporter 4, or a protein or a salt thereof.
- the present invention relates to a method for screening a therapeutic agent, a compound obtained by the screening method, use of the compound, and the like. Background art
- glucose transporter saliva transport carrier
- GLUT4 which is strongly involved in insulin-mediated glucose transport activity, is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (Fukumoto et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85, 5434-5438, 1988; Birnbaum et al., Cell, 57, 305-315, 1989).
- GLUT4 is present in intracellular vesicles called GLUT4 endoplasmic reticulum.
- glucose is taken up by the action of insulin to transfer it to the cell membrane (translocation). It is thought to promote (Bell et al., Diabetes Care, 13, 198-208, 1990; Czech et al., Trens. Bio Sci., 17, 197-201, 1992).
- GLUT4 It has been attempted to identify not only the proteins themselves but also other proteins constituting the GLUT4 endoplasmic reticulum.
- VMAP s vesicle-associated membrane proteins; Cain et al., J. Biol. Chem., 267, 11681-11634, 1992
- SCAMP s secretory component-assacitated membrane proteins; Thiodis et al, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 11691-11696, 1993; Why et al., J. Biol.
- I RAP is a one-time transmembrane membrane protein, also called gpl60, which is localized in the GLUT4 endoplasmic reticulum in intracellular organelles.
- gpl60 a one-time transmembrane membrane protein
- 109 amino acids at the amino terminus are the cytoplasmic domain, followed by a transmembrane domain of 22 amino acids, and an extracellular domain consisting of 785 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus (C-terminus)
- Kandror & Pilcli Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 8017-8021, 1994; Keller et al, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 23612-23618, 1995.
- the extracellular domain is a zinc-dependent protease (aminopeptidase) whose activity has been confirmed (Kandror et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269, 30777-30780, 1994).
- aminopeptidase aminopeptidase
- cytoplasmic domain cytoplasmic domain
- the presence of a protein that binds to I RAP is expected to be retained (Walters et al., J. Bio 1. Chem, 272, 23323-23327, 1997).
- the cDNA obtained by the present invention matches the sequence of human very long chain acy 1-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) which has already been reported (Andersen et al., Hum. Mol. Benet., 5, 461). -472, 1996), and literatures that report that this protein binds to I RAP or that it is directly involved in glycemic control. There is no. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
- the present invention provides a method for screening a compound having a blood glucose lowering effect by applying the protein-protein interaction between VLCAD and IRAP, a compound obtained by the screening method, and the like.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and have found that the yeast two-hybrid method (Fields & Strenglanz, Trens.Genet., 10, 286-292, 1994; Brent & Finley, A. Rev. Genet., 31, 663-704, 1997) successfully cloned VLCAD as an I RAP-binding protein from a human skeletal muscle-derived cDNA library.
- the present inventors have further studied and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention
- a diagnostic agent comprising a DNA containing the DNA encoding the protein of (1) above,
- a method for preventing or treating hypoglycemia which comprises administering to a non-human mammal an effective amount of the protein or a salt thereof according to (1) above;
- An antisense DNA containing a nucleotide sequence complementary to or substantially complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the DNA encoding the protein described in (1) or a part thereof is used.
- a pharmaceutical comprising
- a diagnostic agent comprising an antibody against the protein or salt thereof according to (1) above,
- a hyperglycemic effect or hypoglycemic effect characterized by using a protein having the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, a partial peptide thereof, or a salt thereof.
- a blood sugar increasing effect characterized by using a DNA containing a DNA encoding the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a DNA encoding a partial peptide thereof; Or a method for screening a compound having a blood glucose lowering effect or a salt thereof,
- a blood glucose-increasing effect comprising a DNA containing a DNA encoding a protein containing the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a partial peptide thereof,
- a screening kit for a compound having a hypoglycemic effect or a salt thereof
- a medicament comprising the compound according to (19) or a salt thereof, (21) a medicament according to (20), which is a preventive or therapeutic agent for hypoglycemia,
- a partial peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of insulin responsive * aminobeptidase is identified as SEQ ID NO: 5 at amino acids 55-8.
- an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 containing a protein having the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, a partial peptide thereof, or a salt thereof Protein containing the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the above, its partial peptide, or its salt and insulin
- (32) a medicament comprising the compound of (31) or a salt thereof, (33) a medicament of (32), which is a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for hyperglycemia or diabetes
- (34) a method for preventing or treating hyperglycemia or diabetes, which comprises administering to a non-human mammal an effective amount of the compound according to (31) or a salt thereof, (35) hyperglycemia or Prevention of diabetes mellitus (31) Use of the compound or a salt thereof described above,
- a method for preventing or treating hypoglycemia which comprises administering an effective amount of the compound or a salt thereof according to (36) to a non-human mammal;
- a compound or a salt thereof comprising a protein having the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a salt thereof, which promotes or suppresses the expression of the protein; Screening kit,
- (50) a method for preventing or treating hypoglycemia, which comprises administering an effective amount of the compound or a salt thereof according to (47) to a non-human mammal;
- Figure 1 shows the nucleotide sequence of the human VLCAD (MD25) gene (cDNA) and the predicted amino acid sequence (continued from Figure 2).
- Figure 2 shows the nucleotide sequence and predicted amino acid sequence of the human VLCAD (MD25) gene (cDNA) (continued from Figure 1 and continued to Figure 3).
- Figure 3 shows the nucleotide sequence of the human VLCAD (MD25) gene (cDNA) and the predicted amino acid sequence.
- FIG. 4 shows the interaction of IRAP and VLCAD by quantification of 8-galactosidase activity.
- b ait indicates only a GAL4-DNABD sequence
- I RAP indicates a sequence obtained by fusing I RAP (55-82) to this.
- one of p rey indicates a control without the p rey vector
- MD 25 indicates a sequence obtained by fusing GAL4-AD with the 118th and subsequent bases of VLCAD.
- I RAPZMD25 shows significant galactosidase activity. The resulting value is] 3 galactosidase activity units (mean standard deviation).
- FIG. 5 shows the tissue distribution of MD25 mRNA.
- brain is the brain and heart is the heart
- Skeletal muscle means skeletal muscle
- colon means colon
- thymus means thymus
- spleen means spleen
- kidn ey kidney
- liver means liver
- smal l intestine means small intestine
- placenta means placenta
- lung means lung and leulocyute means leukocyte.
- the RNA size (kb) is shown on the left.
- a protein having the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 of the present invention may be a human or other warm-blooded animal (for example, cells of guinea pigs, rats, mice, chickens, egrets, pigs, sheep, hidges, horses, monkeys, etc.
- hepatocytes eg, hepatocytes, spleen cells, nerve cells, glial cells, knee / 3 cells, Bone marrow cells, mesangial cells, Langerin cells, epidermal cells, epithelial cells, goblet cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, fibroblasts, muscle cells, fat cells, immune cells (eg, macrophages, T Cells, B cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes), megakaryocytes, synovial cells, chondrocytes, bone cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, Mammary cells, hepatocytes or stromal cells, or precursors of these cells, stem cells or cancer cells) or any tissue in which these cells are present, such as the brain, various parts of the brain (eg, olfactory bulb, amygdala, cerebrum) Baseball, hippocampus, thalamus,
- amino acid sequence substantially the same as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is about 70% or more, preferably about 80% or more, more preferably the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. Amino acid sequences having homology of about 90% or more, more preferably about 95% or more.
- Examples of the protein having an amino acid sequence substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 of the present invention include, for example, a protein having an amino acid sequence substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1
- Preferred is a protein having substantially the same properties as the protein having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- Substantially the same property includes, for example, binding activity to IRAP or GLUT4.
- Substantially the same means that those properties are qualitatively the same. Therefore, it is preferable that the binding activity to IRAP or GLUT4 is equal, but the quantitative factors such as the degree of these properties and the molecular weight of the protein may be different.
- amino acid sequence substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 of the present invention more specifically, for example, the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 and the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 And the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
- Examples of the protein of the present invention include: (1) one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 or SEQ ID NO: 11 (preferably, An amino acid sequence in which about 1 to 25, preferably about 1 to 10, and more preferably a number (1 to 5) of amino acids have been deleted.
- SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: : 1 or 2 or more in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 (preferably, about 1 to 25, preferably about 1 to 10, more preferably number (1 to 5))
- Amino acid sequence having amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 or SEQ ID NO: 11 or 1 or more (preferably, About 1 to 25, preferably about 1 to 10, more preferably number (1 to 5) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 or SEQ ID NO: 11 or 1 or more in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 (preferably 1 to 25 Amino acid sequence in which about 5, preferably about 1 to 10, more preferably about (1 to 5) amino acids have been substituted with another amino acid, or an amino acid sequence combining them. So-called mutins, such as proteins containing the sequence, are also included.
- the left end is the N-terminus (amino terminus) and the right end is the C-terminus (carboxyl terminus) according to the convention of peptide labeling.
- the C-terminus is usually a carboxylate group (-COOH) or a carboxylate (-CO01).
- C-terminal is amide (one CONH 2 ) or ester (-COOR ).
- R in the ester e.g., methyl, Echiru, n- propyl, isopropyl, d-6 alkyl group such as n- butyl, for example, C 3 cyclopentyl, cyclohexylene, etc.
- cyclohexyl - 8 cycloalkyl group for example, phenyl, shed one naphthyl C, such as 6 - 1 2 Ariru group, e.g., benzyl, phenyl, such as phenethyl - C I 2 alkyl or flight, such as single naphthylmethyl ⁇ - Nafuchiru C 2 ⁇ alkyl group C 7 such as - An aralkyl group, a bivaloyloxymethyl group and the like are used.
- the protein of the present invention When the protein of the present invention has a lipoxyl group (or carboxylate) other than at the C-terminus, the protein of the present invention includes a lipoxyl group amidated or esterified.
- the ester in this case, for example, the above-mentioned C-terminal ester and the like are used.
- the amino group of the amino acid residue at the N-terminal is protected by a protecting group (eg, d-6 acyl such as formyl group, acetyl group, etc.). Group, etc.), N-terminal dalluminin residue generated by cleavage in vivo, oxidized with lipamine, substituent on the side chain of amino acid in the molecule (e.g.
- _ OH one SH, amino group, imidazole group, i Ndoru group, Guanijino group, etc.) a suitable protecting group (e.g., C i, such as C i-6 Arukanoiru groups such as formyl group, Asechi Le group - 6 And complex proteins, such as so-called glycoproteins, to which sugar chains are bound.
- a suitable protecting group e.g., C i, such as C i-6 Arukanoiru groups such as formyl group, Asechi Le group - 6
- complex proteins such as so-called glycoproteins, to which sugar chains are bound.
- the protein of the present invention include, for example, a protein derived from human skeletal muscle having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, that is, VLC AD (Andersen et al., Hum. Mol. Benet., 5, 46, 472, 1996).
- the partial peptide of the protein of the present invention (hereinafter, sometimes abbreviated as the partial peptide of the present invention) is a partial peptide of the protein of the present invention described above, and is preferably the same as the above-described protein of the present invention. Any material having properties may be used. For example, at least 20 or more, preferably 50 or more, more preferably 70 or more, among the constituent amino acid sequences of the protein of the present invention.
- a peptide having an amino acid sequence of 100 or more, most preferably 200 or more is used.
- a peptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of 200 to less than 655 (more preferably, 200 to less than 620) amino acid residues continuous from the C-terminus of the protein of the present invention is used.
- the partial peptide of the present invention lacks one or more (preferably about 1 to 10, more preferably a number (1 to 5)) of amino acids in its amino acid sequence, or 1 or 2 or more (preferably about 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5) amino acids are added to the amino acid sequence, or 1 or 2 or more amino acids are added to the amino acid sequence. (Preferably about 1 to 10, more preferably number (1 to 5) amino acids) or one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence (preferably 1 to 10 The degree, more preferably the number (about 1 to 5) of amino acids may be replaced by another amino acid.
- partial peptide of the present invention an amino acid sequence represented by the 36th (Ala) to 655th (Phe) from the N-terminus of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 And partial peptides containing the same.
- the C-terminus is usually a hydroxyl group (—COOH) or a carboxylate (—COO—), but the C-terminus is an amide, as in the protein protein of the present invention described above. (One CONH 2 ) or ester (one COOR).
- the partial peptide of the present invention includes, as in the protein protein of the present invention described above, those in which the amino group of the N-terminal amino acid residue (eg, methionine residue) is protected by a protecting group, Pyroglutamine-oxidized glutamine residues generated by cleavage in vivo, those in which the substituents on the side chains of the amino acids in the molecule are protected with appropriate protecting groups, or so-called glycopeptides to which sugar chains are bound And other composite peptides.
- the amino group of the N-terminal amino acid residue eg, methionine residue
- the partial peptide of the present invention can be used as an antigen for preparing an antibody, and can also be used for screening for a compound that inhibits the binding of the protein of the present invention to IRAP or GLUT4.
- the salt of the protein or partial peptide of the present invention is physiologically acceptable Salts with acids (eg, inorganic acids, organic acids) and bases (eg, alkali metal salts) are used, and physiologically acceptable acid addition salts are particularly preferred.
- Such salts include, for example, salts with inorganic acids (eg, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid) or organic acids (eg, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid) , Succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid).
- inorganic acids eg, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid
- organic acids eg, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid
- Succinic acid tartaric acid,
- the protein, partial peptide or salt thereof of the present invention can be produced from the above-mentioned method for purifying a protein from human or other warm-blooded animal cells or tissues, or a DNA encoding those protein or peptide can be produced. Can also be produced by culturing a transformant containing It can also be produced according to the peptide synthesis method described below.
- the protein of the present invention When producing the protein of the present invention, its partial peptide or a salt thereof from human or other mammalian tissues or cells, homogenize human or other mammalian tissues or cells, and then extract with acids or the like.
- the obtained extract can be purified and isolated by combining chromatography such as reverse phase chromatography and ion exchange chromatography.
- a commercially available resin for protein synthesis can usually be used.
- resins include, for example, chloromethyl resin, hydroxymethyl resin, benzhydrylamine resin, aminomethyl resin, 4-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol resin, 4-methylbenzhydrylamine resin, PAM resin, 4 -Hydroxymethylmethylphenylacetamidomethyl resin, polyacrylamide resin, 4- (2 ', 4'-dimethoxyphenylhydroxymethyl) phenoxy resin, 4- (2', 4'-dimethoxyphenyl Fm ocaminoethyl) phenoxy resin and the like.
- amino acids having appropriately protected amino groups and side chain functional groups are condensed on the resin in accordance with the sequence of the target protein or peptide according to various known condensation methods.
- the protein or peptide is cleaved from the resin, and at the same time, various protecting groups are removed. Obtain these amides.
- the protected amino acid may be added directly to the resin along with a racemization inhibitor additive (eg, HOBt, HOOBt) or may be pre-formed as the corresponding acid anhydride or HOBT or HOOBt ester. It can be added to the resin after activation of the protected amino acids.
- a racemization inhibitor additive eg, HOBt, HOOBt
- the solvent used for activating the protected amino acid or condensing with the resin can be appropriately selected from solvents known to be usable for the protein condensation reaction.
- solvents known to be usable for the protein condensation reaction for example,
- Acid amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpiperidone; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and chloroform; alcohols such as trifluoroethanol; Sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, ethers such as pyridine, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran, nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, or an appropriate mixture thereof are used.
- the reaction temperature is appropriately selected from a range known to be usable for the protein bond formation reaction, and is usually appropriately selected from a range of about 120 ° C to 50 ° C.
- the activated amino acid derivative is usually used in a 1.5 to 4-fold excess.
- the ninhydrin reaction when the condensation is insufficient, sufficient condensation can be performed by repeating the condensation reaction without removing the protecting group.
- unreacted amino acids can be acetylated using acetic anhydride or acetylimidazole to prevent the subsequent reaction from being affected.
- Examples of the protecting group for the starting amino group include Z, Boc, t-pentyloxycarbonyl, isobornyloxycarbonyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, C11Z, Br-Z, a Damantyloxycarbonyl, trifluoroacetyl, phthaloyl, formyl, 2-ditrophenylsulfenyl, diphenyl Phosphinothio oil, Fmoc, and the like are used.
- the carboxyl group may be, for example, an alkyl esterified (eg, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, t-butyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, 2-adamantyl).
- an alkyl esterified eg, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, t-butyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, 2-adamantyl.
- Esterification aralkyl esterification (eg, benzyl ester, 4-nitrobenzyl ester, 4-methoxybenzyl ester, 4-chlorobenzyl ester, benzhydryl esterification), phenacyl esterification, benzyloxycarponyl hydrazide , T-butoxycarbonyl hydrazide, trityl hydrazide and the like.
- aralkyl esterification eg, benzyl ester, 4-nitrobenzyl ester, 4-methoxybenzyl ester, 4-chlorobenzyl ester, benzhydryl esterification
- phenacyl esterification eg, benzyloxycarponyl hydrazide , T-butoxycarbonyl hydrazide, trityl hydrazide and the like.
- the hydroxyl group of serine can be protected, for example, by esterification or etherification.
- Suitable groups for this esterification include, for example, groups derived from carbonic acid such as lower (d- 6 ) alkanol groups such as acetyl group, aroyl groups such as benzoyl group, benzyloxy carbonyl group and ethoxycarbonyl group. It is required.
- Examples of a group suitable for etherification include a benzyl group, a tetrahydrobiranyl group, and a t-butyl group.
- the protecting group of the phenolic hydroxyl group of tyrosine for example, Bz and C 1 2 - Bz l, 2- nitrobenzyl, B R_Z, such as t- butyl are used.
- Examples of the protecting group for histidine imidazole include Tos, 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl, DNP, benzyloxymethyl, Bum, Boc, Trt, and Fmoc. Can be
- Examples of the activated carboxylic acid group of the raw material include, for example, a corresponding acid anhydride, azide, active ester [alcohol (eg, pentachlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichloromethylphenol, 2,4 —Esters with dinitrophenol, cyanomethyl alcohol, paranitrophenol, HONB, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxyphthalimide, HOB t).
- active ester eg, pentachlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichloromethylphenol, 2,4 —Esters with dinitrophenol, cyanomethyl alcohol, paranitrophenol, HONB, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxyphthalimide, HOB t.
- the activated amino group of the raw material for example, a corresponding phosphoric amide is used.
- Methods for removing (eliminating) the protecting group include, for example, catalytic reduction in a hydrogen stream in the presence of a catalyst such as Pd-black or Pd-carbon, or anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, Acid treatment with sulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or a mixture thereof, a base treatment with diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, piperidine, piperazine, etc., and sodium in liquid ammonia Reduction by acetic acid is also used.
- a catalyst such as Pd-black or Pd-carbon, or anhydrous hydrogen fluoride
- Acid treatment with sulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or a mixture thereof a base treatment with diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, piperidine, piperazine, etc., and sodium in liquid ammonia Reduction by acetic acid is also
- the elimination reaction by the above-mentioned acid treatment is generally carried out at a temperature of about 120 ° (: to 40 ° C.)
- anisol for example, anisol, phenol, thioanisole, methcresol
- a cation scavenger such as paracresol, dimethyl sulfide, 1,4-butanedithiol, 1,21-ethanedithiol, etc.
- 2,4-dinitride used as an imidazole protecting group for histidine is effective.
- the mouth phenyl group is removed by thiophenol treatment, and the formyl group used as an indole protecting group for tributofan is not only protected by acid treatment in the presence of 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1,4-butanedithiol as described above, It is also removed by alkaline treatment with dilute sodium hydroxide solution, dilute ammonia and the like.
- the protection of the functional group that should not be involved in the reaction of the raw materials, the protection group, the elimination of the protective group, the activation of the functional group that plays a role in the reaction, and the like can be appropriately selected from known groups or known means.
- an amide of the target protein or peptide for example, first, amidation and protection of the ⁇ -hydroxyl group of the amino acid at the carboxy terminal, and then a peptide (protein) chain is desired on the amino group side
- the protein or peptide is obtained by removing only the protecting group of the ⁇ -terminal monoamino group of the peptide chain or by removing only the peptide and the protecting group of the C-terminal lipoxyl group.
- the two proteins or peptides are condensed in a mixed solvent as described above. Details of the condensation reaction are the same as described above.
- the crude protein or peptide is purified by various known purification means, and the main fraction is freeze-dried to obtain the desired protein or peptide amide.
- the desired protein or peptide ester can be obtained in the same manner as the protein or peptide amide. .
- the partial peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof can be produced according to a known peptide synthesis method or by cleaving the protein of the present invention with an appropriate peptidase.
- a peptide synthesis method for example, any of a solid phase synthesis method and a liquid phase synthesis method may be used. That is, by condensing a partial peptide or amino acid capable of constituting the partial peptide of the present invention with the remaining portion (peptide or amino acid), and removing the protective group when the product has a protective group, the desired peptide is obtained.
- Known condensation methods and elimination of protecting groups include, for example, the methods described in the following 1 to 5.
- the protein or peptide of the present invention can be purified and isolated by a combination of ordinary purification methods such as solvent extraction, distillation, column chromatography, liquid chromatography, and recrystallization. it can.
- the protein or peptide obtained by the above method is a free form, it can be converted into an appropriate salt by a known method or a method analogous thereto, and conversely, when the protein or peptide is obtained as a salt, a known method Alternatively, it can be converted to a free form or another salt by a method analogous thereto.
- the DNA encoding the protein of the present invention may be any DNA containing the above-described nucleotide sequence encoding the protein of the present invention.
- genomic DNA, genomic DNA library, c Any of DNA, the above-described cell / tissue-derived cDNA library, and synthetic DNA may be used.
- the vector used for the library may be any of pacteriophage, plasmid, cosmid, phagemid and the like. Alternatively, it can be directly amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (hereinafter abbreviated as RT-PCR method) using a total RNA or mRNA fraction prepared from the above-mentioned cell-tissue.
- RT-PCR method reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- Examples of the DNA encoding the protein of the present invention include, for example, DNA having the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or DNA having the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and high stringency Any DNA may be used as long as it has a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes under suitable conditions and encodes a protein having substantially the same properties as the protein of the present invention.
- Examples of the DNA that can hybridize with the DNA having the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 under high stringency conditions include, for example, about 70% or more, preferably For example, DNA containing a base sequence having about 99% or more homology is used.
- Hybridization is performed according to a known method or a method analogous thereto, for example, the method described in Molecular Cloning 2nd (J. Sambrook et al., Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, 1989). be able to.
- a commercially available library it can be performed according to the method described in the attached instruction manual. More preferably, it can be carried out under high stringency conditions.
- High stringency conditions include, for example, a sodium concentration of about 19 to 40 mM, preferably about 19 to 20 mM, and a temperature of about 50 to 70 ° C, preferably about 60 to 70 ° C.
- the conditions at 65 are shown. Particularly, the case where the sodium concentration is about 19 mM and the temperature is about 65 is most preferable.
- DNA encoding the protein having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 a DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or the like is used.
- the DNA encoding the partial peptide of the present invention includes the above-described partial code of the present invention. Any nucleic acid containing the nucleotide sequence encoding the peptide may be used. Genomic DNA, genomic DNA library, cDNA derived from the above-described cells and tissues, cDNA derived from the above-described cells and tissues Either library or synthetic DNA may be used.
- DNA having a part of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or DNA having the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 is highly stringent
- a DNA having a base sequence that hybridizes under the conditions and a part of a DNA encoding a protein having substantially the same activity as the protein of the present invention may be used.
- the DNA that can hybridize with the DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 has the same significance as described above.
- a synthetic DNA primer having a partial base sequence of the protein of the present invention is used.
- the DNA base sequence can be replaced using a known kit, for example, Mutan TM -G (Takara Shuzo), Mutan TM -K (Takara Shuzo), or other known methods such as the Gapped duplex method and the Kunkel method. It can be carried out in accordance with an equivalent method.
- the cloned DNA encoding the protein of the present invention can be used as it is or, if desired, digested with a restriction enzyme or added with a linker, if desired.
- the DNA has ATG as a translation initiation codon at the 5 'end, and TAA, TGA or TAG as a translation stop codon at the 3' end. May be provided. These translation initiation codon and translation termination codon can also be added using an appropriate synthetic DNA adapter.
- the expression vector for the protein of the present invention includes, for example, (a) cutting out a DNA fragment of interest from DNA encoding the protein of the present invention, for example, cDNA, and (mouth) converting the DNA fragment into an appropriate expression vector. It can be manufactured by connecting to the downstream of the Promo All Night.
- vectors examples include E. coli-derived plasmids (eg, pBR322, pBR325, pUC12, pUC13), Bacillus subtilis-derived plasmids (eg, pUB110, pTP5, pC194), yeast-derived plasmids (eg, , PSH19, pSH15), bacteriophage such as ⁇ phage, animal viruses such as retrovirus, vaccinia virus, baculovirus, etc., pAl-11, ⁇ 1, ⁇ RcZCMV, pRc / RSV, pc DNAI / Neo is used.
- E. coli-derived plasmids eg, pBR322, pBR325, pUC12, pUC13
- Bacillus subtilis-derived plasmids eg, pUB110, pTP5, pC194
- yeast-derived plasmids eg, PSH19, pSH
- the promoter used in the present invention may be any promoter as long as it is appropriate for the host used for gene expression.
- SRa promoter when animal cells are used as host, SRa promoter, SV40 promoter, LTR promoter, CMV promoter, HSV-TK promoter, etc.
- CMV (cytomegalovirus) promoter, SRo! It is preferable to use one or the like.
- trp promoter one coater, lac promoter, re cA promoter, AP L promoter, l pp promoter Isseki one, such as T 7 promoter, if the host is Ru der Bacillus
- yeast such as SPO1 Promoter, SP02 Promoter, penP Promoter, etc., PH5 promoter, PGK promoter, GAP promoter, ADH promoter and the like are preferable.
- a polyhedrin promoter, a P10 promoter and the like are preferable.
- the expression vector may further include an enhancer, a splicing signal, a polyA addition signal, a selection marker, an SV40 replication origin (hereinafter, sometimes abbreviated as SV40 ori), and the like, if desired.
- a selection marker for example, dihydrofolate reductase (hereinafter, dh fr And sometimes abbreviated) gene [methotrexate (MTX) resistance], ampicillin phosphorus resistant gene (hereinafter sometimes Amp abbreviation), the neomycin resistance gene (hereinafter, ⁇ abbreviated as Ne o f, G418 resistance).
- dh fr gene is used as a selection marker using Chinese hamster cells deficient in the dh fr gene
- the target gene can also be selected using a thymidine-free medium.
- a DNA encoding a signal sequence suitable for the host is added to the 5 ′ terminal side of the DNA encoding the protein of the present invention.
- a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia a Pho A signal sequence, an Omp A signal sequence, and the like are used.
- the host is yeast, MFu signal sequence, SUC2 signal sequence, etc.
- the host is animal cells, insulin-signal sequence, ⁇ —interferon signal sequence, antibody molecule, signal sequence, etc. Can be used.
- a transformant can be produced.
- Escherichia bacteria for example, Escherichia bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, yeast, insect cells, insects, animal cells, and the like are used.
- Escherichia examples include, for example, Escherichia coli (Esclieric hia coli) K12 ⁇ DH1 [Procedures of the national academy ⁇ Ob '' Science of the observatory ⁇ U.S.A. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sc. USA), 60, 160 (1968)), JMl 03 (Nucleic Acids Research, (Nucleic Acids Research), 9, 309 (1981)), J A2 21 [Journal of Molecular Biology], 120, 517 (1978)], HB101 [Journal of Molecular Biology, 41, 459 (1969)] And C600 [Genetics, 39, 440 (1954)].
- Bacillus sp. include, for example, Bacillus subtilis MI 114 [Gene, 24, 255 (1983)], 207-21 [Journal Journal of Biochemistry, 95, 87 (1 984)] and the like are used.
- Sacdiaromyces cerevisiae Sacdiaromyces cerevisiae (Sacdiaromyces cerevisiae) AH22, AH22R-, NA87-11A, DKD-5D, 20B-12, Yl 90, Schizosaccharomyces pombe NCYC1913, NCYC2036, Pichia pastoris KM71 or the like is used.
- Insect cells include, for example, when the virus is Ac NPV, a cell line derived from the larvae of the night roth moth (Spodoptera frugiperda cell; S f cell), MG1 cell derived from the midgut of Tricoplusia ni, and egg derived from Trichoplusia ni egg High Five TM cells, cells derived from Mamestra brassicae or cells derived from Estigmena acrea are used.
- Sf cell include Sf9 cell (ATCC CRL1711), Sf21 cell (Vaughn, JL et al., In Vivo, 13, 213-217, (1977)) and the like. Is used.
- insects for example, silkworm larvae are used [Maeda et al.
- animal cells examples include monkey cells COS-7, Vero, Chinese Eight Muster cells CHO (hereinafter, abbreviated as CHO cells), dh fr gene-deficient chicks, and Chinese hamster cell CHO (hereinafter, CHO (dh fr ”) cells. Abbreviation), mouse
- L cells mouse AtT-20, mouse myeloma cells, rat GH3, human FL cells, etc. are used.
- Insect cells or insects can be transformed, for example, according to the method described in Bio / Technology, 6, 47-55 (1988).
- a night medium is suitable as a medium to be used for cultivation, and the carbon required for the growth of the transformant is contained therein.
- the carbon source include glucose, dextrin, soluble starch, and sucrose.
- examples of the nitrogen source include ammonium salts, nitrates, corn chip lica, peptone, casein, meat extract, soybean meal, and potato extract.
- examples of the inorganic or organic substance and the inorganic substance include calcium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium chloride, and the like.
- yeast, vitamins, growth promoting factors and the like may be added.
- the size of the medium is preferably about 5 to 8.
- Examples of a culture medium for culturing Escherichia bacteria include, for example, a 9 medium containing glucose and casamino acid (Miller, Journal of Experiments in Molecular Genetics). Genetics), 431-433, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory New York 1972]. If necessary, an agent such as 3 / 3-indolylacrylic acid can be added to make the promoter work efficiently.
- the host is a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia
- the cultivation is usually performed at about 15 to 43 ° C for about 3 to 24 hours, and if necessary, aeration and stirring may be added.
- cultivation is usually performed at about 30 to 40 ° C for about 6 to 24 hours.
- Burkholder's minimal medium Bostian, KL et al., Prossings of the National Academy of Cultures, Inc. Science medium of the US- (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA), 77, 4505 (1980)) or SD medium containing 0.5% casamino acid (Bitter, GA et al., Processings Prob. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81, 5330 (1984)].
- the pH of the medium is preferably adjusted to about 5-8.
- the cultivation is usually performed at about 20 ° C to 35 ° C for about 24 to 72 hours, and aeration and stirring are added as necessary.
- the culture medium used is 10% immobilized in Grace's Insect Medium (Grace, T., Nature, 195, 788 (1962)). Those to which additives such as serum are appropriately added are used.
- the pH of the medium is preferably adjusted to about 6.2 to 6.4. Culture is usually performed at about 27 ° C for about 3 to 5 days, and aeration and agitation are added as necessary.
- examples of the medium include a MEM medium containing about 5 to 20% fetal bovine serum [Science, 122, 501 (1952)], a DMEM medium [Virology, 8, 396 (1959)), RPMI 1640 medium [Journal of the American Medical Association at The Journal of the American Medical Association at Volume 199, 519 (1967)] 199 medium [Proceding of the Society for the Biological Medicine], 73, 1 (1950)].
- ⁇ is about 6-8.
- Cultivation is usually performed at about 30 ° C to 40X for about 15 to 60 hours, and aeration and agitation are added as necessary.
- the protein of the present invention is placed in the cells, cell membrane or extracellular cells of the transformant. It can produce protein.
- the protein of the present invention can be separated and purified from the culture by, for example, the following method.
- the cells or cells are collected by a known method, suspended in an appropriate buffer, and subjected to ultrasonic wave, lysozyme and / or freeze-thawing. After the cells or cells are destroyed by the method, a method of obtaining a crude extract of the protein by centrifugation or filtration is used as appropriate.
- the buffer may contain a protein denaturant such as urea or guanidine hydrochloride, or a surfactant such as Triton X-100 TM.
- Purification of the protein of the present invention contained in the culture supernatant or extract obtained in this manner can be performed by appropriately combining known separation and purification methods.
- These known separation and purification methods mainly include methods using solubility such as salting out and solvent precipitation, dialysis, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
- Method using difference in molecular weight Method using charge difference such as ion exchange chromatography, Method using specific affinity such as affinity mouth chromatography, Hydrophobicity such as reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography
- a method using the difference between the isoelectric points such as a method utilizing the difference between the isoelectric points, and an isoelectric point electrophoresis method are used.
- the thus-obtained protein of the present invention when obtained in a free form, it can be converted into a salt by a known method or a method analogous thereto. It can be converted to a free form or another salt by a method or a method analogous thereto.
- the protein produced by the recombinant can be arbitrarily modified or the polypeptide can be partially removed by the action of an appropriate protein-modifying enzyme before or after purification.
- the protein-modifying enzyme include trypsin, chymotrypsin, arginyl endopeptidase, protein kinase, glycosidase and the like.
- the presence of the protein of the present invention thus produced can be measured by, for example, enzyme immunoassay western blotting using a specific antibody.
- the antibody against the protein, partial peptide or salt thereof of the present invention may be any of a polyclonal antibody and a monoclonal antibody as long as it can recognize the protein of the present invention or its salt.
- an antibody against the protein, partial peptide or a salt thereof of the present invention (hereinafter, these may be simply abbreviated as the protein of the present invention) can be obtained by using the protein of the present invention as an antigen and producing a known antibody or antiserum.
- the protein of the present invention can be manufactured according to
- the protein of the present invention is administered to a warm-blooded animal itself or together with a carrier or diluent at a site capable of producing an antibody upon administration.
- Complete Freund's adjuvant or incomplete Freund's adjuvant may be administered in order to enhance the antibody-producing ability upon administration. Administration is usually performed once every 2 to 6 weeks, for a total of about 2 to 10 times.
- Examples of the warm-blooded animal to be used include monkeys, egrets, dogs, guinea pigs, mice, rats, sheep, goats, and chickens, and mice and rats are preferably used.
- a warm-blooded animal immunized with an antigen for example, an individual with an antibody titer is selected from a mouse, and the spleen or lymph node is collected 2 to 5 days after the final immunization and contained in them.
- an individual with an antibody titer is selected from a mouse, and the spleen or lymph node is collected 2 to 5 days after the final immunization and contained in them.
- a monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma can be prepared.
- the antibody titer in the antiserum can be measured, for example, by reacting the labeled protein described below with the antiserum, and then measuring the activity of the labeling agent bound to the antibody.
- the fusion operation can be performed according to a known method, for example, the method of Köhler and Milstein [Nature, 256, 495 (1975)].
- the fusion promoter include polyethylene glycol (PEG ) And Sendai virus, but PEG is preferably used.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- myeloma cells include myeloma cells of warm-blooded animals such as NS-1, P3U1, SP 2/0, and AP-1, but P3U1 is preferably used.
- the preferred ratio between the number of antibody-producing cells (spleen cells) and the number of myeloma cells used is about 1: 1 to 20: 1, and PEG (preferably PEG1000 to PEG6000) is added at a concentration of about 10 to 80%.
- the cell fusion can be carried out efficiently by incubating at 20 to 40 ° C, preferably 30 to 37 ° C for 1 to 10 minutes.
- Various methods can be used to screen the monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma.
- the hybridoma culture supernatant is added to a solid phase (eg, a microplate) on which the protein antigen is adsorbed directly or together with a carrier.
- an anti-immunoglobulin antibody labeled with a radioactive substance or enzyme (anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody is used if the cells used for cell fusion are mouse) or protein A
- a monoclonal antibody bound to the solid phase A monoclonal antibody bound to a solid phase is prepared by adding a hybridoma culture supernatant to a solid phase to which an anti-immunoglobulin antibody or protein A has been adsorbed, adding a protein labeled with a radioactive substance, an enzyme, or the like. And a method for detecting antibody.
- the selection of the monoclonal antibody can be performed according to a known method or a method analogous thereto. Usually, it can be performed in an animal cell culture medium supplemented with HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine).
- HAT hyperxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine
- any medium can be used as long as it can grow a hybridoma.
- RPMI 1640 medium containing 1-20%, preferably 10-20% fetal calf serum, GIT medium containing 1-10% fetal calf serum (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) or hybridoma culture Serum-free medium (SFM-101, Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) or the like can be used.
- the culturing temperature is usually 20 to 40 ° (preferably about 37 ° C.)
- the culturing time is generally 5 days to 3 weeks, preferably 1 week to 2 weeks.
- the antibody titer of the hybridoma culture supernatant can be measured in the same manner as the measurement of the antibody titer in the antiserum described above.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be separated and purified by known methods, for example, immunoglobulin separation and purification methods (eg, salting out method, alcohol precipitation method, isoelectric point precipitation method, electrophoresis method, ion exchanger (eg, DEAE)). Adsorption-desorption method, ultracentrifugation method, gel filtration method, antigen-binding solid phase or specific purification method in which the antibody is collected using an active adsorbent such as protein A or protein G and the bond is dissociated to obtain the antibody). Can be done.
- immunoglobulin separation and purification methods eg, salting out method, alcohol precipitation method, isoelectric point precipitation method, electrophoresis method, ion exchanger (eg, DEAE)
- the polyclonal antibody of the present invention can be produced according to a known method or a method analogous thereto. For example, a immunizing antigen (protein antigen) itself or a complex thereof with a carrier protein is formed, and immunization is performed on a warm-blooded animal in the same manner as in the above-described method for producing a monoclonal antibody. It can be produced by collecting an antibody-containing substance for the protein and separating and purifying the antibody.
- the type of carrier-protein and the mixing ratio of carrier and hapten are different from those of hapten immunized by cross-linking with carrier.
- Any antibody may be cross-linked at any ratio as long as it can be efficiently prepared.
- serum serum albumin, thyroglobulin, hemocyanin, etc. may be used in a weight ratio of about 1 hapten to 1 hapten.
- a method of coupling at a rate of 0.1 to 20 and preferably about 1 to 5 is used.
- various condensing agents can be used for force coupling between the hapten and the carrier.
- daltaraldehyde carbodiimide, a maleimide active ester, an active ester reagent containing a thiol group or a dithioviridyl group, or the like is used.
- the condensation product is administered to a warm-blooded animal itself or together with a carrier or diluent at a site where antibody production is possible.
- Complete Freund's adjuvant or incomplete Freund's adjuvant may be administered in order to enhance the antibody-producing ability upon administration. The administration is usually made once every about 2 to 6 weeks, for a total of about 3 to 10 times.
- the polyclonal antibody can be collected from the blood, ascites, etc., preferably from the blood of a warm-blooded animal immunized by the above method.
- the measurement of the polyclonal antibody titer in the antiserum can be performed in the same manner as the measurement of the antibody titer in the antiserum described above.
- Separation and purification of the polyclonal antibody can be performed according to the same method for separation and purification of immunoglobulin as in the above-described separation and purification of the monoclonal antibody.
- an antisense DNA having a nucleotide sequence complementary or substantially complementary to DNA encoding the protein or partial peptide of the present invention (hereinafter, these DNAs may be abbreviated as the DNA of the present invention).
- any antisense DNA as long as it has a nucleotide sequence complementary or substantially complementary to the DNA of the present invention and has an action capable of suppressing the expression of the DNA. There may be.
- the nucleotide sequence substantially complementary to the DNA of the present invention is, for example, about 70% of the entire nucleotide sequence or a partial nucleotide sequence of the nucleotide sequence complementary to the DNA of the present invention (that is, the complementary strand of the DNA of the present invention). % Or more, preferably about 80% or more, more preferably about 90% or more, and most preferably about 95% or more homology. In particular, about 70% or more of the total nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the DNA of the present invention is complementary to the complementary sequence of the nucleotide sequence of the portion encoding the N-terminal site of the protein of the present invention (for example, the nucleotide sequence near the start codon).
- An antisense DNA having a homology of preferably about 80% or more, more preferably about 90% or more, and most preferably about 95% or more is suitable.
- These antisense DNAs can be produced using a known DNA synthesizer or the like.
- a protein, a partial peptide or a salt thereof of the present invention hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as a protein of the present invention
- a DNA encoding the protein or a partial peptide of the present invention hereinafter abbreviated as a DNA of the present invention
- the use of an antibody against the protein, partial peptide or salt thereof of the present invention hereinafter, sometimes abbreviated as the antibody of the present invention
- antisense DNA will be described.
- the protein of the present invention binds to I RAP to form GLUT 4 endoplasmic reticulum (GLUT4, I RAP, VAMP s, SCAMP s, Rab 4 and other proteins). (Localized endoplasmic reticulum) within the cells, and suppresses the uptake of sugar in the blood into muscle cells and fat cells, thereby increasing blood sugar levels. Therefore, the protein of the present invention or the DNA of the present invention can be used as a medicament such as an agent for preventing or treating various diseases such as hypoglycemia.
- the (mouth) cell is inserted with the DNA of the present invention, and after expressing the protein of the present invention, the cells are expressed.
- the role of the protein of the present invention in the patient can be sufficiently or normally exerted by transplanting the protein of the present invention into the patient, or (8) administering the protein of the present invention to the patient.
- the DNA of the present invention When the DNA of the present invention is used as the above-described prophylactic / therapeutic agent, the DNA is used alone or after being inserted into an appropriate vector such as a retrovirus vector, an adenovirus vector, an adenovirus associated virus vector, and the like. It can be administered to humans or warm-blooded animals according to conventional means.
- the DNA of the present invention can be administered as it is or in the form of a formulation with a physiologically acceptable carrier such as an adjuvant for promoting uptake, using a gene gun or a catheter such as a hydrogel catheter.
- the protein of the present invention When the protein of the present invention is used as the above-mentioned prophylactic / therapeutic agent, the protein purified to at least 90%, preferably 95% or more, more preferably 98% or more, and still more preferably 99% or more. It is preferred to use.
- the protein of the present invention can be used, for example, as a sugar-coated tablet, capsule, elixir, microcapsule, or the like, or as an aerosol in the form of an inhalant, or water or other pharmaceutical agent, if necessary. It can be used parenterally in the form of injections, such as sterile solutions with suspensions that are acceptable, or suspensions.
- the protein of the present invention is mixed with physiologically acceptable carriers, flavors, excipients, vehicles, preservatives, stabilizers, binders, and the like in a unit dosage form generally required for the practice of preparations. Thus, it can be manufactured. In these formulations The amount of the active ingredient is such that a suitable dosage in the range indicated is obtained.
- Additives that can be incorporated into tablets, capsules, etc. include, for example, binders such as gelatin, corn starch, tragacanth, gum arabic, excipients such as crystalline cellulose, corn starch, gelatin, alginic acid, etc. Swelling agents such as magnesium stearate, sweeteners such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin, and flavoring agents such as peppermint, cocoa oil or cherry.
- a liquid carrier such as oil and fat can be further contained in the above-mentioned type of material.
- Sterile compositions for injection can be formulated according to standard pharmaceutical manufacturing methods, such as dissolving or suspending the active substance in vehicles such as water for injection, and naturally occurring vegetable oils such as sesame oil and coconut oil. it can.
- aqueous liquids for injection include physiological saline, isotonic solutions containing glucose and other adjuvants (eg, D-sorbitol, D_mannitol, sodium chloride, etc.).
- Agents for example, alcohols (for example, alcohol), polyalcohols (for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, etc.), nonionic surfactants (for example, Polysorbate 80 TM, HCO-50, etc.) You may use together with.
- the oily liquid include sesame oil and soybean oil, and may be used in combination with a solubilizing agent such as benzyl benzoate or benzyl alcohol.
- buffers eg, phosphate buffer, sodium acetate buffer, etc.
- soothing agents eg, benzalkonium chloride, proforce hydrochloride, etc.
- stabilizers eg, human serum albumin, polyethylene glycol, etc.
- a preservative eg, benzyl alcohol, phenol, etc.
- an antioxidant e.g., an antioxidant, and the like may be blended.
- the prepared injection is usually filled in an appropriate ampoule.
- the vector into which the DNA of the present invention is inserted is also formulated in the same manner as described above, and is usually used parenterally.
- the preparations obtained in this way are safe and low toxic, and thus can be used, for example, in humans or other warm-blooded animals (eg, rats, mice, guinea pigs, egrets, birds, sheep, bush, pests, Poma, cat, dog, monkey, chimpanzee, etc.).
- the dosage of the protein of the present invention varies depending on the target disease, the subject of administration, the administration route, and the like.
- the protein of the present invention is orally administered for the purpose of treating hypoglycemia, generally the adult (60 kg) is used.
- the protein is administered from about O.lmg to: LO Omg, preferably from about 1.0 to 50 mg, more preferably from about 1.0 to 2 Omg per day.
- the single dose of the protein varies depending on the administration subject, target disease, and the like.
- the protein of the present invention is injected into an adult (body weight) in the form of an injection. 6 Okg), about 0.01 to 30 mg, preferably about 0 • 1 to 2 Omg, more preferably about 0.1 to 1 Omg of the protein per day is injected into the affected area. It is convenient to administer by doing so. In the case of other animals, a dose converted per 6 Okg can be administered.
- the protein of the present invention binds to the cytoplasmic domain of IRAP, retains the GLUT4 endoplasmic reticulum in cells, and suppresses the uptake of blood sugar into muscle cells and fat cells. Therefore, a compound that inhibits the binding of the protein of the present invention to IRAP, and preferably a compound that inhibits the binding of the protein of the present invention to the cytoplasmic domain of IRAP, is a blood sugar muscle cell and fat. It can promote uptake into cells and lower blood glucose levels.
- diabetes eg, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, etc.
- impaired glucose tolerance I GT (I Immediate aired Glucose Tolerance)
- diabetic complications e.g., neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cataract, macrovascular disease, osteopenia, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma, infectious diseases (e.g., respiratory Infections, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, lower limb infections, etc.), diabetic gangrene, xerostomia, decreased hearing, cerebrovascular disorders, peripheral blood circulation disorders, etc.
- Therapeutic agent and an inhibitor for the transition from glucose intolerance to glucoseuria What pharmaceutically useful.
- diabetes was defined as a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration in venous plasma) of 126 mg / d1 or more and a 75 g transglucose tolerance test (75 gOGTT). ) A state in which the 2-hour value (glucose concentration in venous plasma) is 20 OmgZd 1 or more, and the blood glucose value (glucose concentration in venous plasma) is 20 OmgZd 1 or more.
- diabetes is defined as a fasting blood glucose level (dulcose concentration in venous plasma) of 126 mg / d1 or more, and a 2-hour 75 g glucose tolerance test (glucose in venous plasma). Concentration) is 20 Omg / d 1 or more.
- impaired glucose tolerance refers to a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration in venous plasma) of less than 126 mg / d1 and a 2-hour value of 75 g transglucose glucose test (venous plasma glucose). Is less than 14 Omg / d1 and less than 20 OmgZd1.
- IFG Impaired Fasting Glucose
- the 2-hour value of the 75 g translobulin glucose tolerance test was less than 4 Omg / d1. Is called IFG (Impaired Fasting Glycemia).
- Compounds that inhibit the binding of the protein of the present invention to IRAP include diabetes, borderline type, impaired glucose tolerance, IFG (Immediate aired Fasting Glucose) and IFG (Impaired) determined by the above-mentioned new criteria. It is also used as a preventive or therapeutic agent for Fasting Glycemia). Furthermore, the compound of the present invention that inhibits the binding of the protein to I RAP can also prevent progression of borderline type, impaired glucose tolerance, IFG (Impaired Fasting Glucose) or IFG (Impaired Fasting Glycemia) to diabetes. it can. Examples of the compound that inhibits the binding between the protein of the present invention and IRAP include, for example, a compound represented by the formula:
- the protein of the present invention also binds to the cytoplasmic domain of GLUT4 (amino acid number 468 to 510 of GLUT4; SEQ ID NO: 7), and by retaining the GLUT4 endoplasmic reticulum in the cell, Suppresses sugar uptake into muscle cells and fat cells. Therefore, compounds that inhibit the binding between the protein of the present invention and GLUT4
- the compound that inhibits the binding of the protein of the present invention to the cytoplasmic domain of GLUT4 is, like the compound that inhibits the binding of the protein of the present invention to IRAP, for example, hyperglycemia, diabetes, etc. It is useful as a drug for prevention and treatment of diseases.
- the protein of the present invention is used, and further, IRAP or a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of IRAP or GLUT4 or a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of GLUT4 may be used.
- the screening method of the present invention relates to a method for producing a cell capable of producing the protein of the present invention (preferably, a transformant transformed with the DNA encoding the protein of the present invention (eg, yeast, animal cells, etc.) Cells)) may be used.
- the transformant may be a transformant transformed with DNA encoding the protein of the present invention and a DNA encoding a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of IRAP or IRAP, or the protein of the present invention. And a transformant transformed with DNA encoding GLUT4 or DNA encoding GLUT4 or a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of GLUT4.
- the protein of the present invention is immobilized on a solid phase (eg, EIA plate) using an antibody against the protein of the present invention, or the protein of the present invention is tagged with a Tag protein (eg, His_Tag, GST (Dal After fusion with thione-S-transferase), immobilize it on a solid phase.
- a Tag protein eg, His_Tag, GST (Dal After fusion with thione-S-transferase
- a partial peptide having binding activity to IRAP or GLUT4 such as amino acids 36 to 655 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is preferably used.
- nickel is used for His-Tag
- daltathione is used for GST.
- a partial peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of IRAP or IRAP (amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or a partial sequence thereof, preferably amino acid numbers 55 to 82 of SEQ ID NO: 5) or GLUT 4 or a partial peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of GLUT 4 (SEQ ID NO: 7) labeled with biotin or the like is added and allowed to bind.
- This A test compound is added to the complex of the present invention, and I RAP or I RAP partial peptide or GLUT4 or GLUT4 partial peptide released as a result of inhibition of the binding of the protein of the present invention to I RAP or GLUT 4 is labeled with biotin or the like. Detection and quantification are performed using a commercially available kit for detecting the body or a known anti-IRAP antibody or a commercially available anti-GLUT4 antibody.
- a compound that releases IRAP or IRAP partial peptide or GLUT4 or GLUT4 partial peptide is a compound that inhibits the binding of the protein of the present invention to IRAP or GLUT4 (hereinafter referred to as a binding inhibitor). There is).
- a partial peptide corresponding to IRAP or an IRAP cytoplasmic domain (amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or a partial sequence thereof, preferably amino acids 55 to 82 of SEQ ID NO: 5) or cytoplasm of GLUT4 or GLUT4
- a partial peptide (SEQ ID NO: 7) corresponding to the internal domain is immobilized on a solid phase, and the protein of the present invention is bound thereto.
- the protein of the present invention may be a protein of the present invention fused to Tag protein, and in that case, the released protein of the present invention is detected and quantified by an antibody against the protein of the present invention. Alternatively, detection and quantification may be performed using an antibody against the Tag protein.
- the compounds that release the proteins of the invention are selected as binding inhibitors.
- the inhibitory activity of the selected compound can be confirmed by a known method such as an immunoprecipitation method using an anti-IRAP antibody, an anti-GLUT4 antibody, an antibody against the protein of the present invention, or an antibody against Tag. .
- a known method such as an immunoprecipitation method using an anti-IRAP antibody, an anti-GLUT4 antibody, an antibody against the protein of the present invention, or an antibody against Tag.
- the protein of the present invention or IRAP or GLUT4 released by inhibiting the binding of the protein of the present invention to IRAP or GLUT4 by the selected compound is added to the protein of the present invention.
- yeast e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, more preferably S. cerevisiae Y190 strain
- yeast corresponds to the partial peptide corresponding to the IRAP cytoplasmic domain or the GLUT4 cytoplasmic domain to which the repo overnight gene binding domain is fused.
- Expression of DNA encoding the protein of the present invention in which the DNA encoding the partial peptide is fused with the reporter gene transcription activation domain, causes the j3_galactosidase gene, a repo overnight gene, to be expressed by the action of two-hybrid. And the histidine synthesis gene HIS3 phenotype is expressed.
- This yeast strain is cultured for a certain period of time in the presence of the test compound, and a compound that reduces the jS-galactosidase activity of the yeast strain or converts the yeast strain to histidine auxotrophy is selected.
- the yeast strain can be cultured in the same manner as described above for the culture of the transformant in which the host is yeast.
- 3-galactosidase activity is X-Ga1 (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-i3-D-galactopyranoside), ONPG (o-nitropenyl j8-D-galactopyranoside) or CP RG (chlo rophenyl red- -D-galactopyranoside) can be measured as a substrate according to a known method.
- Expression of the HIS3 phenotype can be measured by culturing yeast in a minimal medium lacking histidine.
- compounds having cytotoxicity and compounds that inhibit the activity of the reporter gene product itself due to interaction with the reporter gene product can be excluded as false positive compounds.
- An animal cell eg, a Chinese hamster berry (CHO) cell
- a repo overnight gene for example, a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene or a firefly luciferase gene.
- the transcriptional regulatory region of the reporter gene binds, for example, the transcriptional activation sequence (UAS) of GAL1 downstream of a promoter that functions in animal cells (eg, the minimal promoter from adenovirus E1b (TATA bo)).
- Yeast two-hybrid system Introduce the transcriptional regulatory system of GAL4-GAL1 into animal cells to induce the expression of reporter genes in animal cells.
- a DNA encoding a partial peptide corresponding to the IRAP cytoplasmic domain or a partial peptide corresponding to the GLUT4 cytoplasmic domain fused to a GAL4-DNA binding domain is added thereto.
- Expression of the DNA encoding the protein of the present invention fused to DNA encoding the virus-derived VP16 protein yields an animal cell line in which the repo allele gene is expressed by the action of two-hybrid. This cell line is cultured for a certain period of time in the presence of the test compound, the activity of the reporter gene product is measured, and a compound that reduces the activity is selected.
- the animal cell strain can be cultured in the same manner as the culture of the above-mentioned transformant whose host is an animal cell.
- the activity of repo overnight gene products such as CAT and luciferase can be measured using a commercially available kit according to a known method.
- compounds that inhibit the activity of the reporter gene product itself due to interaction with the cytotoxic compound and the reporter gene product can be excluded as false positive compounds.
- the transcriptional regulatory region of the DNA of the present invention is cloned, and a reporter gene (eg, one galactosidase, firefly luciferase, Ramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) etc.) and transfect into animal cells (eg, CHO cells).
- a reporter gene eg, one galactosidase, firefly luciferase, Ramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) etc.
- CAT Ramphenicol acetyl transferase
- This cell line is cultured for a certain period of time in the presence of the test compound, and a compound that increases or decreases the production of the reporter gene product is selected.
- the animal cell strain can be cultured in the same manner as the culture of the above-described transformant whose host is an animal cell.
- the increase or decrease in the production of the repo overnight gene product can be determined, for example, by measuring the activity of the reporter gene product in the culture solution.
- cytotoxic compounds and compounds that increase or decrease the activity of the reporter gene product itself due to interaction with the reporter gene product or the like can be excluded as false positive compounds.
- Test compounds include, for example, peptides, proteins, non-peptidic compounds, synthetic compounds, fermentation products, cell extracts, plant extracts, animal tissue extracts, etc. These compounds may be novel compounds or known compounds.
- Examples of the compound that suppresses the expression of the protein of the present invention include a compound that suppresses the expression of the protein of the present invention obtained by the above-described screening, the above-described antisense DNA, and a promoter that inhibits the promoter activity of the DNA of the present invention described below. And the like.
- Examples of the compound that promotes the expression of the protein of the present invention include a compound that promotes the expression of the protein of the present invention obtained by the above screening, and a compound that promotes the promoter activity of the DNA of the present invention described below.
- the screening kit of the present invention contains the protein of the present invention, and further contains IRAP or a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of IRAP or GLUT4 or a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of GLUT4. Is also good.
- the screening kit of the present invention comprises a cell having the ability to produce the protein of the present invention (preferably, a transformant transformed with DNA encoding the protein of the present invention (eg, yeast, animal cells). Cells))).
- the transformant may be a transformant transformed with a DNA encoding the protein of the present invention and a DNA encoding a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of IRAP or IRAP, or a protein of the present invention.
- a transformant may be a transformant which is transformed with DNA encoding GLUT4 or a DNA encoding a peptide corresponding to GLUT4 or the cytoplasmic domain of GLUT4.
- the compound or a salt thereof obtained by using the screening method or the screening kit of the present invention may be a test compound as described above, for example, a peptide, a protein, a non-peptidic compound, a synthetic compound, a fermentation product, a cell extract, or a plant. Extract, animal tissue extraction A compound selected from night, plasma, etc., for example, a compound that inhibits the binding of the protein of the present invention to IRAP or GLUT4, a compound that promotes or suppresses the expression of the protein of the present invention And so on.
- salt of the compound those similar to the aforementioned salts of the protein of the present invention are used.
- the compound that suppresses the expression of the protein of the present invention is useful as a medicament such as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diseases such as hyperglycemia and diabetes.
- the compound that promotes the expression of the protein of the present invention is useful, for example, as a medicament such as an agent for preventing or treating diseases such as hypoglycemia.
- the compound or a salt thereof obtained by using the screening method or the screening kit of the present invention can be formulated according to a conventional method.
- the drug containing the protein of the present invention it is formulated into tablets, capsules, elixirs, microcapsules, sterile solutions, suspensions and the like, and is orally or parenterally administered. can do.
- the preparations obtained in this way are safe and low toxic, for example, in humans or other warm-blooded animals (eg, mice, rats, puppies, sheep, bush, puppies, puppies, birds, cats, cats). Dogs, monkeys, chimpanzees, etc.).
- the dose of the compound or a salt thereof varies depending on its action, target disease, subject to be administered, route of administration, and the like.For example, it inhibits the binding of the protein of the present invention to IRAP or GLUT4 for the purpose of treating diabetes.
- Oral administration of a compound that inhibits the expression of the protein of the present invention or a compound of the present invention generally requires about 0.1 to 100 mg of the compound per day for adults (with a body weight of 60 kg). Preferably about 1.0 to 5 Omg, more preferably about 1.0 to 20 mg is administered.
- the single dose of the compound may vary depending on the administration subject, target disease, and the like.
- the protein of the present invention may be used in combination with IRAP or GLUT4.
- a compound that inhibits the binding or a compound that suppresses the expression of the protein of the present invention is usually administered to an adult (as 6 O kg) in the form of an injection, the compound is administered in an amount of about 0.01 to 3 Omg per day. It is convenient to administer the drug by intravenous injection, preferably of the order of 0.1 to 20 mg, more preferably of the order of 0.1 to 1 Omg. In the case of other animals, the dose can be administered in terms of 6 O kg.
- a compound that promotes the expression of the protein of the present invention when administered for the purpose of treating hypoglycemia, generally, in an adult (assuming a body weight of 6 O kg), the compound is administered daily. About 0.1 to 100 mg, preferably about 1.0 to 50 mg, more preferably about 1.0 to 20 mg of the compound.
- the compound of the present invention that promotes the expression of the protein of the present invention when usually administered to adults (as 60 kg) in the form of an injection for the purpose of treating hypoglycemia, the compound may be administered in an amount of about 0.01 to about 0.01 per day. It is convenient to administer about 30 mg, preferably about 0.1 to 2 Omg, more preferably about 0.1 to 1 Omg, by intravenous injection. In the case of other animals, the dose can be administered in terms of 60 kg.
- Antibody to the protein of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as the antibody of the present invention)
- one of the antibodies is an antibody that recognizes the N-terminal of the protein of the present invention, and the other antibody is an antibody that reacts with the C-terminal of the protein of the present invention.
- the monoclonal antibody of the present invention In addition to quantifying the protein of the present invention using a monoclonal antibody against the protein of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the monoclonal antibody of the present invention), detection by tissue staining or the like is also possible. it can.
- the antibody molecule itself may be used, or the F (ab ') 2 , Fab', or Fab fraction of the antibody molecule may be used.
- the method for quantifying the protein of the present invention using the antibody of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be an antibody, an antigen, or an antibody-antigen complex corresponding to the amount of antigen (eg, the amount of protein) in the test solution.
- any measurement method may be used as long as the amount of the body is detected by chemical or physical means, and this is calculated from a standard curve prepared using a standard solution containing a known amount of antigen.
- nephrometry, a competitive method, an immunometric method and a sandwich method are preferably used, but in terms of sensitivity and specificity, it is particularly preferable to use a sandwich method described later.
- a labeling agent used in a measuring method using a labeling substance for example, a radioisotope, an enzyme, a fluorescent substance, a luminescent substance and the like are used. Radioisotopes, if example embodiment, [1 2 5 I], [1 3 1 I], [3 H], and [1 4 C] used.
- the above-mentioned enzyme a stable enzyme having a large specific activity is preferable. For example,) 3-galactosidase, ⁇ -darcosidase, alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, and malate dehydrogenase are used.
- the fluorescent substance for example, fluorescamine, fluorescein isothiosinate and the like are used.
- luminescent substance for example, luminol, luminol derivative, J-reciferin, lucigenin and the like are used.
- a biotin-avidin system can be used for binding the antibody or antigen to the labeling agent.
- the carrier include insoluble polysaccharides such as agarose, dextran, and cellulose; synthetic resins such as polystyrene, polyacrylamide, and silicon; and glass.
- a test solution is allowed to react with the insolubilized monoclonal antibody of the present invention (primary reaction), and further reacted with another labeled monoclonal antibody of the present invention (secondary reaction).
- primary reaction the insolubilized monoclonal antibody of the present invention
- secondary reaction another labeled monoclonal antibody of the present invention
- the primary reaction and the secondary reaction may be performed in the reverse order, may be performed simultaneously, or may be performed at staggered times.
- the labeling agent and the method of insolubilization can be in accordance with those described above.
- an antibody for solid phase or an antibody for labeling The type of antibody used in the method is not necessarily one type, and a mixture of two or more types of antibodies may be used for the purpose of improving measurement sensitivity and the like.
- the monoclonal antibody of the present invention used in the primary reaction and the secondary reaction is preferably an antibody having a different site to which the protein of the present invention binds.
- the antibody used in the primary reaction and the secondary reaction is, for example, when the antibody used in the secondary reaction recognizes the C-terminal of the protein of the present invention, the antibody used in the primary reaction is Preferably, an antibody that recognizes other than the C-terminal, for example, the N-terminal, is used.
- the monoclonal antibody of the present invention can be used in a measurement system other than the sandwich method, for example, a competition method, an immunometric method or a nephelometry.
- a competition method an antigen in a test solution and a labeled antigen are used for the antibody.
- the competitive reaction the unreacted labeled antigen (F) and the labeled antigen (B) bound to the antibody are separated (
- B / F separation B, F labeling amount is measured, and the amount of antigen in the test solution is quantified.
- a soluble antibody is used as the antibody
- BZF separation is performed using polyethylene glycol
- a liquid phase method using a second antibody against the antibody a solid phase antibody is used as the first antibody
- An immobilization method using a soluble first antibody and an immobilized antibody as the second antibody is used.
- the antigen in the test solution and the immobilized antigen are subjected to a competitive reaction with a certain amount of labeled antibody, and then the solid phase and the liquid phase are separated. After reacting the antigen with an excess amount of the labeled antibody, the immobilized antigen is added to bind the unreacted labeled antibody to the solid phase, and then the solid phase and the liquid phase are separated. Next, the amount of label in either phase is measured to determine the amount of antigen in the test solution.
- the amount of insoluble sediment resulting from the antigen-antibody reaction in a gel or in a solution is measured. Even when the amount of antigen in the test solution is small and only a small amount of sediment is obtained, laser nephrometry utilizing scattering by a laser is preferably used.
- the protein of the present invention can be quantified with high sensitivity by using the antibody of the present invention.
- the concentration of the protein of the present invention using the antibody of the present invention, (1) when an increase in the concentration of the protein of the present invention is detected, for example, a disease such as hyperglycemia or diabetes (2) When a decrease in the concentration of the protein of the present invention is detected, for example, a disease such as hypoglycemia, or It can be diagnosed that there is a high possibility that the event will occur.
- a disease such as hyperglycemia or diabetes
- the antibody of the present invention can be used for detecting the protein of the present invention present in a subject such as a body fluid or a tissue.
- a subject such as a body fluid or a tissue.
- the detection of the protein of the present invention in each fraction during purification, and the analysis of the behavior of the protein of the present invention in test cells, etc. Can be used.
- the DNA of the present invention can be used, for example, as a probe to produce human or other warm-blooded animals (eg, rats, mice, guinea pigs, egrets, birds, sheep, horses, horses, cats, cats, cats).
- human or other warm-blooded animals eg, rats, mice, guinea pigs, egrets, birds, sheep, horses, horses, cats, cats, cats.
- abnormalities geneetic abnormalities
- the above-described genetic diagnosis using the DNA of the present invention can be performed, for example, by the well-known Northern Eighth hybridization and PCR-SSCP method (Genomics, Vol. 5, pp. 874-879 (1989)), The National Academy of Sciences of the USA (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA), Vol. 86, pp. 2766-2770 (1989)) it can.
- Antisense DNA that binds complementarily to the DNA of the present invention and can suppress the expression of the DNA can suppress the production of the protein of the present invention in a living body. Like the compounds that suppress the expression of, it can be used as, for example, an agent for preventing or treating hyperglycemia or diabetes.
- the above-mentioned antisense DNA is used as the above-mentioned preventive / therapeutic agent, it can be carried out in the same manner as the above-mentioned various preventive / therapeutic agents containing DNA of the present invention.
- the antisense DNA when used, the antisense DNA may be used alone or in a retrovirus vector, an adenovirus vector, an adenovirus bacterium. After insertion into a suitable vector, such as a citrate virus vector, it can be carried out according to conventional means.
- the antisense DNA can be administered as it is or in the form of a formulation together with a physiologically acceptable carrier such as an auxiliary agent for promoting uptake, and then administered using a gene gun or a catheter such as a hydrogel catheter. Alternatively, they can be aerosolized and administered to the trachea as an inhalant.
- the antisense DNA can also be used as a diagnostic oligonucleotide probe for examining the presence or expression of the DNA of the present invention in tissues or cells.
- a drug containing the antibody of the present invention a drug containing the antibody of the present invention
- the antibody of the present invention which has the activity of neutralizing the activity of the protein of the present invention, can be used as a medicament (prophylactic / therapeutic agent) for diseases such as hyperglycemia and diabetes.
- the prophylactic and therapeutic agents for humans or other warm-blooded animals eg, rats, puppies, sheep, sheep, pigs, puppies, cats, dogs, etc.
- the dosage varies depending on the administration subject, target disease, symptoms, administration route, and the like.For example, when used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes in adults, the antibody of the present invention is usually administered as a single dose.
- 0.0 1-2 O mg Z kg body weight preferably 0.1-1 O mg / kg body weight, more preferably 0.1-5 mg Zkg body weight about 1-5 times a day, It is convenient to administer by intravenous injection preferably about once to three times a day. In the case of other parenteral administration and oral administration, an equivalent amount can be administered. If the symptoms are particularly severe, the dose may be increased depending on the symptoms.
- the antibodies of the present invention can be administered by themselves or as a suitable pharmaceutical composition.
- the pharmaceutical composition used for the above administration contains the antibody of the present invention and a pharmacologically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
- Such compositions are provided in dosage forms suitable for oral or parenteral administration.
- compositions for oral administration include solid or liquid dosage forms
- specific examples include tablets (including sugar-coated tablets and film-coated tablets), pills, granules, powders, capsules (including soft capsules), syrups, emulsions, and suspensions.
- Such a composition is produced by a known method and contains a carrier, diluent or excipient commonly used in the field of pharmaceuticals.
- a carrier for example, lactose, starch, sucrose, magnesium stearate and the like are used as carriers and excipients for tablets.
- compositions for parenteral administration for example, injections, suppositories, etc. are used.
- Injections are in the form of intravenous injections, subcutaneous injections, intradermal injections, intramuscular injections, drip injections, etc. Is included.
- Such injections are prepared according to known methods, for example, by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the antibody or a salt thereof in a sterile aqueous or oily liquid commonly used for injections.
- aqueous liquid for injection for example, physiological saline, isotonic solution containing glucose and other adjuvants, and the like
- suitable solubilizing agents for example, alcohol (eg, ethanol), polyalcohol (eg, Propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), nonionic surfactants (eg, polysorbate 80, HCO-50 (polyoxy ethylene (5 Omol) adduct of hydrogenated catalyst)) and the like may be used in combination.
- alcohol eg, ethanol
- polyalcohol eg, Propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol
- nonionic surfactants eg, polysorbate 80, HCO-50 (polyoxy ethylene (5 Omol) adduct of hydrogenated catalyst)
- oily liquid for example, sesame oil, soybean oil, and the like are used, and benzyl benzoate, benzyl alcohol, and the like may be used in combination as a solubilizing agent.
- the prepared injection solution is usually filled in a suitable
- the above-mentioned oral or parenteral pharmaceutical composition is conveniently prepared in a unit dosage form adapted to the dose of the active ingredient.
- dosage unit dosage forms include tablets, pills, capsules, injections (ampoules), suppositories and the like, and usually 5 to 500 mg, especially
- the injection preferably contains 5 to 100 mg of the above antibody, and other dosage forms contain 10 to 250 mg of the above antibody.
- compositions may contain another active ingredient as long as the composition does not cause an undesirable interaction with the above-mentioned antibody.
- the present invention relates to a DNA encoding the exogenous protein of the present invention (hereinafter abbreviated as the exogenous DNA of the present invention) or a mutant DNA thereof (sometimes abbreviated as the exogenous mutant DNA of the present invention). And a non-human mammal having the same.
- Non-human mammals having the exogenous DNA of the present invention or the mutant DNA thereof include unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs, spermatozoa, and germ cells including their progenitor cells.
- the calcium phosphate method, the electric pulse method, and the lipofection method It can be produced by transferring the target DNA by a microinjection method, a particle gun method, a DEAE-dextran method, a retrovirus method, or the like.
- the exogenous DNA of the present invention can be transferred to somatic cells, living organs, tissue cells, and the like by the DNA transfer method, and can be used for cell culture, tissue culture, and the like.
- Non-human mammals that can also produce the DNA-transferred animal of the present invention by fusing the above-mentioned germ cells with the above-mentioned germ cells by a known cell fusion method include, for example, porcupine, pig, sheep, goat, goat, and Nu, cats, guinea pigs, eight musters, mice, rats and the like are used.
- rodents and biological cycles are relatively short in terms of the creation of disease animal model systems, and rodents that are easy to breed, especially mice (for example, as pure strains, C57BL6 strains, DBA2 strains, etc.
- mice for example, as pure strains, C57BL6 strains, DBA2 strains, etc.
- hybrid line BSC SF line, BDFt line, BSDSFi line, BALBZc line, ICR line, etc.
- rat for example, Wistar, SD etc.
- the “mammal” in the recombinant vector that can be expressed in mammals humans and the like can be mentioned in addition to the above-mentioned non-human mammals.
- the exogenous DNA of the present invention refers not to the DNA of the present invention originally possessed by non-human mammals but to the DNA of the present invention isolated and extracted from mammals.
- mutant DNA of the present invention those in which a mutation (for example, mutation) has occurred in the base sequence of the original DNA of the present invention, specifically, addition of base, deletion, substitution with another base, etc. DNA that has been used is used, and also includes abnormal DNA.
- a mutation for example, mutation
- the abnormal DNA means a DNA that expresses an abnormal protein of the present invention, and for example, a DNA that expresses a protein that suppresses the function of the normal protein of the present invention is used.
- the exogenous DNA of the present invention may be derived from a mammal of the same species or a different species from the target animal.
- the human DNA of the present invention when transferred, it can be derived from various mammals having the DNA of the present invention having high homology to the human DNA (eg, egret, dog, cat, guinea pig, hamster, rat, mouse, etc.).
- the DNA construct of the present invention eg, a vector
- a target mammal for example, a mouse fertilized egg
- microinjecting the DNA construct of the present invention downstream of various promoters capable of expressing DNA by microinjecting the DNA construct of the present invention downstream of various promoters capable of expressing DNA.
- a DNA-transferred mammal that highly expresses the DNA of the present invention can be produced.
- Examples of the expression vector of the protein of the present invention include a plasmid derived from Escherichia coli, a plasmid derived from Bacillus subtilis, a plasmid derived from yeast, a bacteriophage such as ⁇ phage, a retrovirus such as Moroni leukemia virus, a vaccinia virus or a baculovirus.
- animal viruses such as E. coli are used.
- a plasmid derived from Escherichia coli, a plasmid derived from Bacillus subtilis or a plasmid derived from yeast are preferably used.
- Examples of the promoter that regulates the expression of DNA include: (1) a promoter of DNA derived from a virus (eg, simian virus, cytomegalovirus, Moroni monoleukemia virus, JC virus, breast cancer virus, poliovirus, etc.); (1) (2) Promoters derived from various mammals (humans, egrets, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, mice, etc.), for example, albumin, insulin II, perobrakin II, elastase, erythropoietin, endothelin, muscle Creatine kinase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, dalhithion S-transferase, platelet-derived growth factor j3, keratin Kl, ⁇ 10 and ⁇ 14, collagen type I and II, cyclic AMP Dependent protein kinase / 3 I supplement, disto-fin fin, tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase, at
- the vector preferably has a sequence that terminates transcription of the target messenger RNII in a DNA-transferred mammal (generally called Yuichi Mineta-1). For example, it is derived from viruses and various mammals.
- the sequence of each of the above DNAs can be used, and preferably, SV40 terminator of Simian virus or the like is used.
- the splicing signal of each DNA, the enhancer region, a part of the intron of eukaryotic DNA, etc. are used 5 'upstream of the promoter region, between the promoter region and the translation region, or translation for the purpose of further expressing the target exogenous DNA. It is also possible to connect 3 ′ downstream of the region depending on the purpose.
- the normal translation region of the protein of the present invention may be a liver, a kidney, a thyroid cell, a fibroblast derived from a human or various mammals (eg, a heron, a dog, a cat, a guinea pig, a hams, a rat, a mouse, etc.).
- Complementary DNA prepared by known methods from the source DNA and various genomic DNA libraries commercially available as all or part of genomic DNA, or from RNA derived from liver, kidney, thyroid cells, and fibroblasts. It can be obtained as a raw material.
- a foreign abnormal DNA can produce a translation region obtained by mutating a normal protein translation region obtained from the above cells or tissues by a point mutagenesis method.
- the translation region can be prepared as a DNA construct that can be expressed in a transgenic animal by a conventional genetic engineering technique in which it is ligated downstream of the above-mentioned promoter and, if desired, upstream of the transcription termination site.
- Transfer of the exogenous DNA of the present invention at the fertilized egg cell stage is ensured to be present in all germ cells and somatic cells of the target mammal.
- the presence of the exogenous DNA of the present invention in the germinal cells of the transgenic animal after the DNA transfer indicates that all the progeny of the transgenic animal retain the exogenous DNA of the present invention in all of the germinal and somatic cells. Means to do.
- the progeny of this type of animal that has inherited the exogenous DNA of the present invention has the exogenous DNA of the present invention in all of its germinal and somatic cells.
- the non-human mammal to which the exogenous normal DNA of the present invention has been transferred is confirmed to stably maintain the exogenous DNA by mating, and is reared as an animal having the DNA in a normal breeding environment. I can do it.
- Transfer of the exogenous DNA of the present invention at the fertilized egg cell stage is ensured to be present in excess in all germ cells and somatic cells of the target mammal.
- Excessive presence of the exogenous DNA of the present invention in the germinal cells of the produced animal after DNA transfer indicates that all the offspring of the produced animal have the exogenous DNA of the present invention in all of their germ cells and somatic cells.
- the progeny of this type of animal that inherited the exogenous DNA of the present invention obtained a homozygous animal having an exogenous DNA of the present invention in all of its germ cells and somatic cells in which the introduced DNA is present in both homologous chromosomes. By mating the male and female animals, all offspring are bred to have the DNA in excess. Can be passaged.
- the non-human mammal having the normal DNA of the present invention expresses the normal DNA of the present invention at a high level, and eventually promotes the function of endogenous normal DNA, thereby ultimately obtaining the protein of the present invention. It may develop hyperfunction and can be used as a model animal for the disease. For example, using the normal DNA-transferred animal of the present invention to elucidate the pathological mechanism of hyperactivity of the protein of the present invention and diseases associated with the protein of the present invention, and to examine methods for treating these diseases. Is possible.
- the mammal to which the exogenous normal DNA of the present invention has been transferred has an increased symptom of the released protein of the present invention, it can be used in screening tests for prophylactic and therapeutic drugs against diseases related to the protein of the present invention. Is also available.
- the non-human mammal having the exogenous abnormal DNA of the present invention is confirmed to stably maintain the exogenous DNA by mating, and is reared as an animal having the DNA in a normal breeding environment. I can do it. Further, the desired exogenous DNA can be incorporated into the above-mentioned plasmid and used as a source.
- a DNA construct with a promoter can be prepared by a usual genetic engineering technique. Transfer of the abnormal DNA of the present invention at the fertilized egg cell stage is ensured to be present in all germ cells and somatic cells of the target mammal.
- the presence of the abnormal DNA of the present invention in the germinal cells of the animal produced after the transfer of DNA means that all the offspring of the animal produced have the abnormal DNA of the present invention in all of the germ cells and somatic cells.
- the progeny of this type of animal that has inherited the exogenous DNA of the present invention has the abnormal DNA of the present invention in all of its germinal and somatic cells.
- a homozygous animal having the introduced DNA on both homologous chromosomes is obtained, and by crossing these male and female animals, all offspring can be bred to have the DNA.
- the non-human mammal having the abnormal DNA of the present invention expresses the abnormal DNA of the present invention at a high level, and finally inhibits the function of the endogenous normal DNA to thereby ultimately reduce the function of the protein of the present invention. It may become a functionally inactive refractory disease and can be used as a model animal for the disease. For example, using the abnormal DNA-transferred animal of the present invention, it is possible to elucidate the pathological mechanism of the function-inactive refractory of the protein of the present invention and to examine a method for treating this disease.
- the abnormal DNA highly expressing animal of the present invention can be used to inhibit the function of the normal protein by the abnormal protein of the present invention in the function-inactive refractory disease of the protein of the present invention (dominant negative activity). Action).
- the mammal into which the foreign abnormal DNA of the present invention has been transferred has an increased symptom of the released protein of the present invention, it can be used in a therapeutic drug screening test for a functionally inactive refractory disease of the protein of the present invention. Is also available.
- ⁇ ⁇ Isolation and purification of the mutant protein of the present invention and production of its antibody can be considered. Furthermore, using the DNA-transferred animal of the present invention, it is possible to examine clinical symptoms of a disease related to the protein of the present invention, including a functionally inactive refractory disease of the protein of the present invention. More detailed pathological findings in each organ of the disease model related to the protein of the present invention can be obtained, which will contribute to the development of new treatment methods and the research and treatment of secondary diseases caused by the disease. it can.
- each organ is removed from the DNA-transferred animal of the present invention, and after minced, it is possible to obtain free DNA-transferred cells, culture them, or systematize the cultured cells using a protease such as trypsin. It is.
- the protein of the present invention can be identified, its relationship with apoptosis, differentiation or proliferation, or its signal transduction mechanism can be examined, and its abnormality can be examined. It is an effective research material for elucidation.
- the DNA transgenic animal of the present invention in order to use the DNA transgenic animal of the present invention to develop a therapeutic agent for a disease associated with the protein of the present invention, including a refractory inactive type of the protein of the present invention, Using a quantitative method or the like, it is possible to provide an effective and rapid screening method for the therapeutic agent for the disease.
- using the DNA transgenic animal of the present invention or the exogenous DNA expression vector of the present invention it is possible to examine and develop a method for treating a DNA associated with the protein of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a non-human mammalian embryonic stem cell in which the DNA of the present invention has been inactivated, and a non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention.
- a non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA in which the DNA of the present invention is inactivated (7) the DNA is a drug resistance gene (eg, neomycin resistance gene) or a reporter gene (eg, derived from Escherichia coli) (6)
- the non-human mammal according to (6), wherein the non-human mammal is inactivated by introducing the same, and the repo overnight gene can be expressed under the control of a promoter for the DNA of the present invention.
- a compound that promotes or inhibits the activity of a promoter for DNA of the present invention which comprises administering a test compound to the animal according to (7) and detecting the expression of a drug resistance gene or a reporter gene. Or a method for screening a salt thereof.
- a non-human mammalian embryonic stem cell in which the DNA of the present invention has been inactivated is defined as a DNA obtained by artificially mutating the DNA of the non-human mammal to suppress the expression of the DNA.
- the DNA does not substantially have the ability to express the protein of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the knockout DNA of the present invention).
- Non-human mammalian embryonic stem cells hereinafter abbreviated as ES cells).
- non-human mammal the same one as described above is used.
- the method of artificially mutating the DNA of the present invention can be carried out, for example, by deleting a part or all of the DNA sequence and inserting or substituting another DNA by a genetic engineering technique.
- the knockout DNA of the present invention may be prepared by shifting the codon reading frame or disrupting the function of the promoter or exon.
- non-human mammalian embryonic stem cells in which the DNA of the present invention is inactivated include, for example, The DNA of the present invention possessed by the non-human mammal described above is isolated and its exon portion is a drug resistance gene typified by a neomycin resistance gene, a hygromycin resistance gene, or a 1 ac Z (/ 3-galactosidase gene).
- a DNA chain having a DNA sequence constructed so as to disrupt the gene (hereinafter abbreviated as targeting vector 1) is introduced into the chromosome of the animal by, for example, homologous recombination, and the obtained ES cells are used in the present invention.
- the DNA sequence on or near the DNA used in the Southern hybridization analysis or the targeting vector and the DNA sequence in the neighboring region other than the DNA of the present invention used in the preparation of the targeting vector were used. It can be obtained by analyzing by a PCR method using primers and selecting the knockout ES cells of the present invention.
- the ES cells from which the DNA of the present invention is inactivated by the homologous recombination method or the like for example, those already established as described above may be used, or the known methods of Evans and Kaufman may be used. It may be newly established according to. For example, in the case of mouse ES cells, currently, 129 ES cells are generally used. However, since the immunological background is not clear, an alternative pure immunological and genetic background is used.
- BDFi mice C57BLZ6 and DBAZ2 BD Ft mice can be used successfully, etc.
- the BD Ft mice have C57BL / 6 mice as their background
- the ES cells obtained by using the method are advantageous in that, when a disease model mouse is created, the genetic background can be replaced by C57BL / 6 mice by backcrossing with C57BL / 6 mice. Can be used.
- blastocysts 3.5 days after fertilization are generally used. Many early embryos can be obtained.
- Either male or female ES cells may be used, but male ES cells are generally more convenient for producing a germline chimera. It is also desirable to discriminate between males and females as soon as possible in order to reduce the complexity of culturing.
- a method for determining the sex of ES cells for example, a method of amplifying and detecting a gene in the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome by PCR can be mentioned.
- this method conventionally, for example G-banding method, requires about 10 6 cells for karyotype analysis, since suffices ES cell number of about 1 colony (about 50), culture
- the primary selection of ES cells in the early stage can be performed by discriminating between males and females, and the early stages of culture can be greatly reduced by enabling the selection of male cells at an early stage.
- the secondary selection can be performed, for example, by confirming the number of chromosomes by the G-banding method.
- Embryonic stem cell lines obtained in this way usually have very good proliferative properties, but they must be carefully subcultured because they tend to lose their ability to generate individuals.
- a suitable feeder cell such as STO fibroblast
- a carbon dioxide incubator preferably 5% carbon dioxide, 95% air or 5% oxygen. , 5% CO2, 90% air
- trypsin ZEDTA solution usually 0.001-0.5% trypsin Z0.1-
- a single cell is prepared by treating with 5 mM EDTA (preferably about 0.1% trypsin / ImM EDTA), and the cells are seeded on a freshly prepared feeder cell.
- Such subculture is usually performed every 11 to 13 days. At this time, it is desirable to observe the cells, and if morphologically abnormal cells are found, discard the cultured cells.
- ES cells can be cultured in monolayers at high densities or in suspension cultures to form cell clumps under appropriate conditions to produce various types of cells such as parietal, visceral, and cardiac muscles.
- MJ Evans and MH Kaufman Nature, 292, 154, 1981; GR Martin, Processings of the National Academy of Sciences Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 7634, 1981; TC Doetschman et al., Journals of Embryology and Extermental Morphology. 87, 27, 1985
- the DNA-deficient cells of the present invention obtained by differentiating the ES cells of the present invention are useful in in vitro cell biology studies of the protein of the present invention. It is.
- the non-human mammal deficient in DNA expression of the present invention can be distinguished from a normal animal by measuring the mRNA amount of the animal using a known method and indirectly comparing the expression levels. It is.
- non-human mammal those similar to the aforementioned can be used.
- the non-human mammal deficient in DNA expression of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by introducing the Yuichii getter vector prepared as described above into mouse embryonic stem cells or mouse egg cells.
- the DNA sequence in which the DNA of the present invention of the getter vector has been inactivated by homologous recombination replaces the DNA of the present invention on the chromosome of mouse embryonic stem cells or mouse egg cells by homologous recombination. By doing so, the DNA of the present invention can be knocked out.
- Cells in which the DNA of the present invention has been knocked out can be used as a DNA sequence on a Southern hybridization analysis or targeting vector using the DNA sequence on or near the DNA of the present invention as a probe, and the DNA sequence on the targeting vector.
- the determination can be made by PCR analysis using, as primers, the DNA sequence of a nearby region other than the DNA of the present invention derived from the mouse used.
- the cell line in which the DNA of the present invention has been inactivated is cloned by homologous gene recombination, and the cell line is cloned at an appropriate time, for example, at the 8-cell stage.
- the chimeric embryo is injected into a human mammalian embryo or blastocyst, and the resulting chimeric embryo is transplanted into the uterus of the pseudo-pregnant non-human mammal.
- the produced animal is a chimeric animal composed of both the cells having the normal DNA locus of the present invention and the cells having the artificially changed DNA locus of the present invention.
- all tissues are artificially mutated from a population obtained by crossing such a chimeric individual with a normal individual.
- the individuals obtained in this manner are usually individuals deficient in the hetero-expression of the protein of the present invention, and mated with individuals deficient in the hetero-expression of the protein of the present invention.
- a homozygous deficient individual can be obtained.
- a transgenic non-human mammal having a chromosome into which a targeting vector is introduced can be obtained by injecting a DNA solution into the nucleus of an egg by a microinjection method.
- a transgenic non-human mammal of the present invention by selecting those having a mutation in the DNA locus of the present invention by homologous recombination of the gene.
- the germline can be obtained and maintained according to a standard method. That is, by crossing male and female animals having the inactivated DNA, homozygous animals having the inactivated DNA on both homologous chromosomes can be obtained. The obtained homozygous animal can be efficiently obtained by rearing the mother animal in such a manner that one normal individual and plural homozygous animals are obtained. By mating male and female heterozygous animals, homozygous and heterozygous animals having the inactivated DNA are bred and subcultured.
- non-human mammalian embryonic stem cells in which the DNA of the present invention has been inactivated are very useful for producing a non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention.
- the non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention lacks various biological activities that can be induced by the protein of the present invention, a disease caused by inactivation of the biological activity of the protein of the present invention. Since it can be a model, it is useful for investigating the causes of these diseases and examining treatment methods. (10) A method for screening a compound having a prophylactic and / or therapeutic effect on a disease caused by DNA deficiency or damage according to the present invention.
- the non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention may be used for screening for a compound having a preventive / therapeutic effect against diseases (eg, hypoglycemia, etc.) caused by deficiency or damage of the DNA of the present invention. Can be.
- diseases eg, hypoglycemia, etc.
- the present invention is characterized in that a test compound is administered to a non-human mammal deficient in expression of DNA of the present invention, and changes in the animal are observed and measured.
- a method for screening a compound or a salt thereof having a preventive / therapeutic effect on a resulting disease is provided.
- Examples of the non-human mammal deficient in DNA expression of the present invention used in the screening method include the same ones as described above.
- Test compounds include, for example, peptides, proteins, non-peptidic compounds, synthetic compounds, fermentation products, cell extracts, plant extracts, animal tissue extracts, and plasma, and these compounds are novel compounds. Or a known compound. Specifically, a non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention is treated with a test compound, compared with a non-treated control animal, and changes in organs, tissues, disease symptoms, etc. of the animal are used as indices. Test compounds can be tested for their prophylactic and therapeutic effects.
- test compound for example, oral administration, intravenous injection and the like are used, and it can be appropriately selected according to the symptoms of the test animal, the properties of the test compound, and the like.
- the dose of the test compound can be appropriately selected according to the administration method, the properties of the test compound, and the like.
- the compound obtained by using the screening method of the present invention is a compound selected from the test compounds described above, and is used for a disease (eg, hypoglycemia, etc.) caused by decreased expression of the protein of the present invention. Since it has preventive and therapeutic effects, it can be used as a medicament such as a safe and low-toxic preventive and therapeutic agent for the disease. Furthermore, compounds derived from the compounds obtained by the above screening can be used in the same manner.
- the compound obtained by the screening method may form a salt.
- the salt of the compound include physiologically acceptable acids (eg, inorganic acids, organic acids) and bases (eg, alkali metal).
- a physiologically acceptable acid addition salt is preferred.
- Such salts include, for example, salts with inorganic acids (eg, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid) or organic acids (eg, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid) Succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid).
- inorganic acids eg, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid
- organic acids eg, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid
- Succinic acid tartaric acid, citric acid
- a drug containing the compound or a salt thereof obtained by the screening method can be produced in the same manner as the above-mentioned drug containing the protein of the present invention.
- the preparations obtained in this way are safe and low toxic, and can be used, for example, in humans or warm-blooded animals (eg, rats, mice, guinea pigs, egrets, sheep, sheep, bushus, dogs, dogs, cats, dogs). And monkeys and monkeys).
- the dose of the compound or a salt thereof varies depending on the target disease, the subject to be administered, the administration route, and the like.
- the compound when the compound is orally administered for the purpose of treating hypoglycemia, generally the adult (body weight) is used. (As 6 O kg) at about 0.1 to: L 0 O mg, preferably about 1.0 to 5 O mg, more preferably about 1.0 to 2 mg of the compound per day.
- Omg is administered.
- the single dose of the compound varies depending on the administration subject, target disease, and the like.
- the compound is usually administered in the form of an injection to an adult (6O O) for the treatment of hypoglycemia.
- the dose can be administered in terms of 60 kg.
- the present invention provides a method for administering a test compound to a non-human mammal deficient in expression of a DNA of the present invention, and detecting the expression of a repo overnight gene, thereby promoting the activity of a promoter for a DNA of the present invention. Or a method of screening for a compound or a salt thereof that inhibits the compound.
- the non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention includes, among the above-mentioned non-human mammals deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention, the DNA of the present invention into which a repo allele gene is introduced. And those in which the repo overnight gene can be expressed under the control of the promoter for the DNA of the present invention.
- test compound examples include the same compounds as described above.
- the reporter gene the same one as described above is used, and a / 3-galactosidase gene (1 ac Z), a soluble alkaline phosphatase gene, a luciferase gene and the like are preferable.
- the reporter gene is under the control of the promoter for the DNA of the present invention because the reporter gene is present.
- a tissue that originally expresses the protein of the present invention may be used.
- 3-galactosidase Ze is expressed. Therefore, for example, by staining with a reagent serving as a substrate for j3-galactosidase, such as 5-bromo-4-monochloro-3-indolyl / 3-galactopyranoside (X-gal), the present method can be easily performed.
- a reagent serving as a substrate for j3-galactosidase such as 5-bromo-4-monochloro-3-indolyl / 3-galactopyranoside (X-gal)
- X-gal 5-bromo-4-monochloro-3-indolyl / 3-galactopyranoside
- the protein-deficient mouse of the present invention or a tissue section thereof is fixed with dartalaldehyde or the like, washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and then stained with X-ga1 at room temperature or at room temperature. After reacting at about 7 ° C for about 30 minutes to 1 hour, the j3-galactosidase reaction can be stopped by washing the tissue specimen with ImM EDTA / PBS solution, and the color can be observed. .
- mRNA encoding 1 ac Z may be detected according to a conventional method.
- the compound or a salt thereof obtained by the above-mentioned screening method is a compound selected from the test compounds described above, and is a compound that promotes or inhibits the promoter activity on DNA of the present invention.
- the compound obtained by the screening method may form a salt.
- the salt of the compound include physiologically acceptable acids (I (1, inorganic acids) and bases (eg, organic acids). And the like, and especially preferred are physiologically acceptable acid addition salts such as inorganic acids (eg, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid) and the like.
- physiologically acceptable acid addition salts such as inorganic acids (eg, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid) and the like.
- salts with organic acids eg, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, cunic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid
- organic acids eg, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tart
- the compound or salt thereof that promotes the promoter activity of the DNA of the present invention can promote the expression of the protein of the present invention and the activity of the protein, and thus can be used, for example, for diseases such as hypoglycemia. It is useful as a safe and low toxic prophylactic and therapeutic agent.
- a compound or a salt thereof that inhibits the promoter activity for DNA of the present invention can inhibit the expression of the protein of the present invention and inhibit the activity of the protein. It is useful as a drug such as a safe and low toxic prophylactic / therapeutic agent for diseases.
- the compounds derived from the compounds obtained by the above-mentioned screening are also the same. Can be used.
- a drug containing the compound or a salt thereof obtained by the screening method can be produced in the same manner as the above-mentioned drug containing the protein of the present invention.
- the preparations obtained in this way are safe and low toxic, for example, in humans or warm-blooded animals (eg, rats, mice, guinea pigs, egrets, sheep, pigs, pigs, dogs, cats, dogs). , Monkeys, etc.).
- the dose of the compound or a salt thereof varies depending on the target disease, the subject to be administered, the administration route, and the like.
- a compound that inhibits the promoter activity of the DNA of the present invention for the purpose of treating diabetes is orally administered.
- a compound that inhibits the promoter activity of the DNA of the present invention for the purpose of treating diabetes is orally administered.
- the single dose of the compound varies depending on the administration subject, target disease, and the like.
- a compound that inhibits the promoter activity of the DNA of the present invention for the purpose of treating diabetes is injected.
- the compound When administered to a normal adult (as 6 O kg) in the form of a dosage form, the compound is administered in an amount of about 0.01 to 3 Omg per day, preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg, more preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg per day. It is convenient to administer about 1 Omg by intravenous injection. In the case of other animals, the amount converted per 60 kg can be administered.
- a compound of the present invention which promotes the promoter activity to DNA for the purpose of treating hypoglycemia generally, in an adult (assuming a body weight of 60 kg), the compound is reduced to about 0 per day. l-100 mg, preferably about 1.0-50 mg, more preferably about 1.0-20 mg.
- the single dose of the compound varies depending on the administration subject, target disease, etc., but, for example, promotes the promoter overnight activity against the DNA of the present invention for the purpose of treating hypoglycemia.
- the compound When the compound is usually administered to an adult (as 6 O kg) in the form of an injection, the compound is administered in an amount of about 0.01 to 3 Omg per day, preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg, more preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg. It is convenient to administer about 0.1 to 1 Omg by intravenous injection. In the case of other animals, the dose can be administered in terms of 60 kg.
- the non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention is extremely useful for screening a compound or a salt thereof that promotes or inhibits the activity of the promoter for the DNA of the present invention. Investigate or prevent the cause of various diseases caused by DNA expression deficiency.
- transgenic animal In addition, using a DNA containing the promoter region of the protein of the present invention, genes encoding various proteins are ligated downstream thereof and injected into egg cells of an animal to produce a so-called transgenic animal (transgenic animal). ) Makes it possible to specifically synthesize the protein and examine its action in living organisms. Furthermore, by binding an appropriate repo overnight gene to the above promoter portion and establishing a cell line in which the gene is expressed, the action of specifically promoting or suppressing the ability of the protein itself of the present invention to produce in the body can be achieved. It can be used as a search system for low molecular weight compounds. It is also possible to find new cis-elements and transcription factors that bind to them by analyzing a part of the promoter.
- bases, amino acids, and the like are indicated by abbreviations based on the abbreviations by the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature or commonly used abbreviations in the art, and examples thereof are described below.
- the L-form is indicated unless otherwise specified.
- VLCAD The amino acid sequence of human MD25 (VLCAD) is shown.
- [SEQ ID NO: 2] Shows the nucleotide sequence of the human MD25 (VLCAD) gene (cDNA).
- Example 1 shows the nucleotide sequence of a primer used in Example 1.
- Example 1 shows the nucleotide sequence of a primer used in Example 1.
- 1 shows the amino acid sequence of the N-terminal 109 amino acid residues of I RAP.
- 1 shows the nucleotide sequence of DNA encoding the amino acid sequence of the N-terminal 109 amino acid residues of I RAP.
- 3 shows the amino acid sequence of the 468th to 510th amino acid residues of GLUT4.
- FIG. 2 shows the nucleotide sequence of DNA encoding the amino acid sequence of the 468th to 510th amino acid residues of GLUT4.
- CDNA encoding a protein that binds to insulin responsive aminopeptidase was cloned by the yeast two-hybrid method.
- the yeast two-hybrid method was basically performed using a MATCHMAKER two-hybrid system manufactured by C Ion tech.
- a DNA fragment encoding the polypeptide from amino acid residue 55 to 82 of I RAP was prepared. It was chemically synthesized and inserted into the plasmid PGBT9 (manufactured by Clontech) expressing the GAL4-DNA binding domain (GAL4-BD) under the control of the ADH1 promoter. And As a cDNA library to be screened, a human skeletal muscle-derived cDNA library manufactured by Clontech was used.
- This library is constructed so that the library cDNA is expressed in yeast under the control of the ADH1 promoter and fused to the GAL4 transcription activation domain (GAL4-AD).
- GAL4-AD GAL4 transcription activation domain
- Sacclmromyces cerevisiae Y190 was used as a host yeast.
- This yeast strain contains the jS _ galactosidase gene (Lac Z) and the histidine synthesis gene (HIS 3 ) On its chromosome.
- S. cerevisiae Y190 was introduced with pBait-2 (TRP1 marker) and a human skeletal muscle-derived cDNA library plasmid (LEU2 marker), containing both plasmids and a two-hybrid reporter gene.
- TRP1 marker pBait-2
- LEU2 marker human skeletal muscle-derived cDNA library plasmid
- a transformant yeast expressing one HIS 3 was added with 60 mM 3-aminotriazole as the minimum medium.
- selection was made on SD medium without tryptophan, leucine, and histidine.
- the selected transformant colonies were transferred to a nylon membrane by a replica method, and the yeast cell wall was disrupted by freezing and thawing with liquid nitrogen, followed by X-Gal (5-bromo-4-chloro- / 3-D- The strain showing j8-galactosidase activity was used as the primary candidate strain. Screened 10 7 or more libraries one c DNA by the above method, it was obtained candidate genes 12 clones. A cell extract was prepared from these yeasts using Zymolyase (manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation), and the DNA fraction was used to transform Escherichia coli HB101, a leucine-requiring Escherichia coli.
- the transformed Escherichia coli was spread on M9 medium containing no leucine, and Escherichia coli strains having library plasmid (LEU2 marker) were selected, and plasmids were extracted therefrom.
- S. cerevisiae Y190 was again transformed with the extracted library plasmid and the I RAP bait vector pBait-2, and the histidine auxotrophy and / 3_galactosidase activity of the resulting transformant were determined. Upon examination, 5 clones showing reproducibility were obtained. Among these, a clone (MD 25 strain) having a strong ⁇ -galactosidase activity was selected.
- VLCAD very-long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- the MD25 cDNA base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) and amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) are shown in FIGS. Example 2 Confirmation of binding activity by measurement of ⁇ -galactosidase activity
- Yeasts carrying both B ait and p rey vectors were subjected to liquid culture, and the cells were collected.
- the cell wall was disrupted by freezing and thawing with liquid nitrogen.
- CPRG was added to the suspension of the disrupted cells, and the absorbance at 578 nm of these samples was measured as / 3-galactosidase activity.
- the unit of activity of 8-galactosidase was one unit of the enzymatic activity of one yeast cell hydrolyzing 1 mol of CP RG into chlorophenol red and D_galactoside per minute.
- the B ait sequence includes I RAP (55-82; amino acid numbers 55 to 82 of SEQ ID NO: 5), and the prey sequence is an MD25 cDN A sequence directly isolated by the yeast two-hybrid method ( Sequences corresponding to the 3′-side from the base number 1 18 in FIGS. 1 to 3) were used. Further, as a negative control, a vector pGBT9 expressing a non-fused sequence of bALIT in GAL4-BD was used. The plasmid having these sequences was used to transform S. cerevisiae Y190, and the; 8-galactosidase activity of the reconstructed yeast transformant was measured.
- the transformant having the MD25 cDNA exhibited about 11 units of / 3-galactosidase activity when I RAP (55-82) was defined as b ait.
- GAL4-BD alone showed almost no binding activity to a protein having no bait sequence.
- the value of / 3-galactosidase activity was lower than the detection limit in experiments using strains that did not have the MD25 cDNA, which is the prery sequence (Fig. 4).
- the parent strain, S. cerevisiae Y190, is originally a histidine-requiring strain, but when bait and prey bind, HIS3, one of the repo overnight genes, is expressed, so the yeast strain does not require histidine. And sex. Strains containing I RAP as bait and MD 25 as prey were added with 4 OmM 3-aminotriazole and SD medium (minimal medium) without tributophan, leucine and histidine. Grew up. This confirmed that IRAP and MD25 bind.
- the distribution of expression of MD25 mRNA in human tissues was detected by Northern plotting. That is, northern blotting was performed on poly (A) + RNA (each 2 / ig) of each human tissue using MD25 cDNA (base number 479-2049 of SEQ ID NO: 3) as a probe. As the nylon membrane to which the mRNA of each tissue of the human was transferred, an MTN blot (human 12 lane) manufactured by Clontech was used.
- the MD25 cDNA probe labeled with 32 P was hybridized and washed under stringent conditions, and detected with an image analyzer BAS2000 II (manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation). As shown in FIG. 5, MD25 mRNA was found to be strongly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney and liver with a length of about 2.4 kb. Industrial applicability
- the protein of the present invention is strongly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney and liver.
- the protein of the present invention increases the blood glucose level by binding to I RAP, and is therefore useful as a preventive and therapeutic agent for hypoglycemia.
- the protein of the present invention is obtained by combining the protein of the present invention with I RAP or
- the compound of the present invention that inhibits the binding between the protein and IRAP or GLUT4 is useful as an agent for preventing and treating diseases such as hyperglycemia and dysuria.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/362,537 US20040086510A1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2001-08-20 | Irap-binding protein |
AU2001278777A AU2001278777A1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2001-08-20 | Irap-binding protein |
EP01956969A EP1323734A4 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2001-08-20 | BINDING PROTEIN TO IRAP |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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JP2000254263 | 2000-08-21 | ||
JP2000276633 | 2000-09-07 | ||
JP2000-254263 | 2000-09-07 | ||
JP2000-276633 | 2000-09-07 |
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WO2002016428A1 true WO2002016428A1 (fr) | 2002-02-28 |
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PCT/JP2001/007117 WO2002016428A1 (fr) | 2000-08-21 | 2001-08-20 | Proteine de liaison a l'irap |
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US (1) | US20040086510A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1323734A4 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2001278777A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002016428A1 (ja) |
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WO2003011304A1 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-13 | Howard Florey Institute Of Experimental Physiology And Medicine | Modulation of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (irap)/angiotensin iv (at4) receptor activity |
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WO2023099589A1 (en) | 2021-12-01 | 2023-06-08 | INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) | Irap inhibitors for use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases |
Citations (4)
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WO1996009317A1 (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-03-28 | Bayer Corporation | Cloning of an insulin-dependent membrane aminopeptidase from glut-4 vesicles |
WO2000012544A2 (en) * | 1998-08-26 | 2000-03-09 | Trustees Of Boston University | Novel irap-bp polypeptide and nucleic acid molecules and uses therefor |
WO2000077225A1 (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2000-12-21 | Whitehead Institute For Biomedical Research | A novel insulin signaling molecule |
WO2001046413A1 (fr) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-06-28 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Nouveau gene et utilisation |
-
2001
- 2001-08-20 US US10/362,537 patent/US20040086510A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-20 AU AU2001278777A patent/AU2001278777A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-20 WO PCT/JP2001/007117 patent/WO2002016428A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-08-20 EP EP01956969A patent/EP1323734A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1996009317A1 (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-03-28 | Bayer Corporation | Cloning of an insulin-dependent membrane aminopeptidase from glut-4 vesicles |
WO2000012544A2 (en) * | 1998-08-26 | 2000-03-09 | Trustees Of Boston University | Novel irap-bp polypeptide and nucleic acid molecules and uses therefor |
WO2000077225A1 (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2000-12-21 | Whitehead Institute For Biomedical Research | A novel insulin signaling molecule |
WO2001046413A1 (fr) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-06-28 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Nouveau gene et utilisation |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
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ANDRESEN B.S. ET AL.: "Cloning and characterization of human very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase cDNA, chromosomal assignment of the gene and identification in four patients of nine different mutations within the VLCAD gene", HUM. MOL. GENET., vol. 5, 1996, pages 461 - 472, XP002949600 * |
See also references of EP1323734A4 * |
STEVEN B. WATERS ET AL.: "The amino terminus of insulin-responsive aminopeptidase causes Glut4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes", THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 272, no. 37, September 1997 (1997-09-01), pages 23323 - 23327, XP002949462 * |
TATYANA A. KUPRIYANOVA ET AL.: "Akt-2 binds to Glut4-containing vesicles and phosphorylates their component proteins in response to insulin", THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 274, no. 3, January 1999 (1999-01-01), pages 1458 - 1464, XP002949463 * |
TOSHIFUMI AOYAMA ET AL.: "Cloning of human very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase and molecular characterization of its deficiency in two patients", AM. J. HUM. GENET., vol. 57, 1995, pages 273 - 283, XP002949461 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003011304A1 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-13 | Howard Florey Institute Of Experimental Physiology And Medicine | Modulation of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (irap)/angiotensin iv (at4) receptor activity |
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EP1323734A4 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
EP1323734A1 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
AU2001278777A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 |
US20040086510A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
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