Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
  • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
  • A61K31/593—9,10-Secocholestane derivatives, e.g. cholecalciferol, i.e. vitamin D3
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
  • A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
  • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
  • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
  • B22D17/2236—Equipment for loosening or ejecting castings from dies
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
  • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
  • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
  • B22D17/24—Accessories for locating and holding cores or inserts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C401/00—Irradiation products of cholesterol or its derivatives; Vitamin D derivatives, 9,10-seco cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene or analogues obtained by chemical preparation without irradiation

Definitions

• This invention relates to vitamin D compounds, and more particularly to pharmaceutical uses for 2 ⁇ -methyl-19-nor-20(S)-1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 .
• the natural hormone, 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analog in ergocalciferol series, i.e. 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 are known to be highly potent regulators of calcium homeostasis in animals and humans, and more recently their activity in cellular differentiation has been established, Ostrem et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84, 2610 (1987). Many structural analogs of these metabolites have been prepared and tested, including 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D3, 1 ⁇ - hydroxyvitamin D2, various side chain homologated vitamins and fluorinated analogs. Some of these compounds exhibit an interesting separation of activities in cell differentiation and calcium regulation. This difference in activity may be useful in the treatment of a variety of diseases as renal osteodystrophy, vitamin D-resistant rickets, osteoporosis, psoriasis, and certain malignancies.
• diseases as renal osteodystrophy, vitamin D-resistant rickets, osteo
• vitamin D analogs which are characterized by the replacement of the A-ring exocyclic methylene group (carbon 19), typical of the vitamin D system, by two hydrogen atoms.
• Biological testing of such 19-nor- analogs revealed a selective activity profile with high potency in inducing cellular differentiation, and very low calcium mobilizing activity.
• these compounds are potentially useful as therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignancies, or the treatment of various skin disorders.
• the present invention is directed toward 2 ⁇ -methyl-19-nor-20(S)-1 ⁇ ,25- dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , its biological activity, and various pharmaceutical uses for this compound.
• the solid wedge-shaped line to the methyl substituent at C-20 indicates that carbon 20 has the S configuration.
• the above compound exhibits a desired, and highly advantageous, pattern of biological activity.
• This compound is characterized by intestinal calcium transport activity equal to that of 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, but exhibiting relatively high activity, as compared to 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, in its ability to mobilize calcium from bone.
• this compound is highly specific in its calcemic activity. Its preferential activity on mobilizing calcium from bone allows the in vivo administration of this compound for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases where bone loss is a major concern.
• this compound would be a preferred therapeutic agent for the treatment of diseases where bone formation is desired, such as osteoporosis, especially low bone turnover osteoporosis, steroid induced osteoporosis, senile osteoporosis or postmenopausal osteoporosis, as well as osteomalacia and renal osteodystrophy.
• the treatment may be transdermal, oral or parenteral.
• the compound may be present in a composition in an amount from about 0.1 ⁇ g/gm to about 50 ⁇ g/gm of the composition, and may be administered in dosages of from about 0.1 ⁇ g/day to about 10 ⁇ g/day.
• the compound of the invention is also especially suited for treatment and prophylaxis of human disorders which are characterized by an imbalance in the immune system, e.g. in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, host versus graft reaction, and rejection of transplants; and additionally for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, as well as the improvement of bone fracture healing and improved bone grafts.
• autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, host versus graft reaction, and rejection of transplants
• inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma
• alopecia skin conditions such as dry skin (lack of dermal hydration), undue skin slackness (insufficient skin firmness), insufficient sebum secretion and wrinkles, and hypertension are other conditions which may be treated with the compound of the invention.
• the above compound is also characterized by high cell differentiation activity.
• this compound also provides a therapeutic agent for the treatment of psoriasis, or as an anti-cancer agent, especially against leukemia, colon cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer.
• the compound may be present in a composition to treat psoriasis in an amount from about 0.01 ⁇ g/gm to about 50 ⁇ g/gm of the composition, and may be administered topically, transdermally, orally or parenterally in dosages of from about 0.01 ⁇ g/day to about 10 ⁇ g/day. It has also been discovered that this compound increases breaking strength (cortical strength) as well as crushing strength (trabecular strength) of bones. Thus, this compound could also be used in conjunction with bone replacement procedures such as hip replacements, knee replacements, and the like.
• Figure 1 is a graph illustrating the relative activity of 2 ⁇ -methyl-19-nor- 20(S)-1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , 2 ⁇ -methyl-19-nor-1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 to compete for binding of [ 3 H]-1 ,25-(OH) 2 -D 3 to the vitamin D pig intestinal nuclear receptor;
• Figure 2 is a graph illustrating the bone mineral density in ovariectomized old female rats as a result of treatment with 2 ⁇ -methyl-19-nor-20(S)-1 ⁇ ,25- dihydroxyvitamin D 3 as compared to 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 ; and
• Figure 3 is a graph illustrating the percent HL-60 cell differentiation as a function of the concentration of 2 ⁇ -methyl-19-nor-20(S)-1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , 2 ⁇ -methyl-19-nor-1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3
• and Y2 are hydroxy-protecting groups, it being also understood that any functionalities that might be sensitive, or that interfere with the condensation reaction, be suitably protected as is well-known in the art.
• the process shown above represents an application of the convergent synthesis concept, which has been applied effectively for the preparation of vitamin D compounds [e.g. Lythgoe et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 590 (1978); Lythgoe, Chem. Soc. Rev. 9, 449 (1983); Toh et al., J. Org. Chem. 48, 1414 (1983); Baggiolini et al., J. Org. Chem.
• Hydrindanones of the general structure II are known, or can be prepared by known methods.
• phosphine oxides of general structure III a new synthetic route has been developed starting from a methyl quinicate derivative which is easily obtained from commercial (1 R,3R,4S,5R)-(-)-quinic acid as described by Perlman et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 32, 7663 (1991) and DeLuca et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,086,191.
• BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF 2 ⁇ -METHYL-20(S)- 19-NOR-1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 The introduction of a methyl group in the 2 ⁇ -position of the 20(S) isomer of 19-nor-1 ,25-(OH)2D3 had little or no effect on binding to the porcine intestinal vitamin D receptor. This compound bound equally well to the porcine receptor as compared to the standard 1 ,25-(OH)2D3 ( Figure 1). It might be expected from these results that this compound would have equivalent biological activity. Surprisingly, however, the 2 ⁇ -methyl and 20(S) substitutions produced a highly selective analog with its primary action on bone. Figure 2 shows that 2AM D is extraordinarily effective in building bone mass in ovariectomized rats as compared to the native hormone without increasing serum calcium concentration. This is as yet an unprecedented new finding for a vitamin D compound.
• Figure 3 illustrates that 2AMD is 50-100 times more potent than 1 ,25(OH) 2 D 3 on HL-60 differentiation, making it an excellent candidate for the treatment of psoriasis and cancer, especially against leukemia, colon cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer.
• Table 1 illustrates that 2AMD is very effective in restoring bone of ovariectomized, old female rats at 32 pmol given 2 times per week as compared to 1 ,25(OH) 2 D 3 given at high doses 3 times per week. Note: 2AMD also increases % ash in the femur. Table 2 shows that 2AMD increases breaking strength in the femurs
• Table 3 shows that 2AMD has selective activity on bone.
• 2AMD is about as active as 1 ,25(OH) 2 D 3 in binding to the vitamin D receptor ( Figure 1). However, it is between 10-100 times more active than 1 ,25- (OH) 2 D 3 in causing differentiation of the promyelocyte, HL-60, into the monocyte ( Figure 3). This result suggests that 2AMD will be very effective in psoriasis because it has direct cellular activity in causing differentiation and in suppressing growth. It also indicates that it will have significant activity as an anti-cancer agent, especially against leukemia, colon cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer, or as an agent in the treatment of psoriasis.
• 2AM D is extremely effective not only in restoring bone mass of ovariectomized, old female breeder rats as shown in Figure 2 and Tables 1 and 2, but it causes an increase in bone mass above that of sham-operated controls.
• the increased bone mass provided by 2AMD translates into marked increases in bone strength.
• This increased strength to fracture in femur shows cortical strength while increased strength to crush fractures of vertebra illustrates trabecular bone strength (Table 2).
• even the percent ash is unexpectedly increased further by 2AMD.
• the 2 ⁇ -methyl-20(S) compound did produce a significant intestinal transport response but also gave an enormous bone mobilization response.
• the data in Table 3 show it has little, if any, intestinal calcium transport activity, and little, if any, bone mobilization activity.
• the 2 ⁇ -methyl-19-nor-20(S)- derivative showed strong preferential bone calcium mobilizing activity.
• 2AMD is an excellent candidate for an anti- osteoporosis therapy and that it may be useful in a number of other circumstances such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, and psoriasis.
• mice Male weanling rats were obtained from Sprague Dawley Co. (Indianapolis, IN) and fed a 0.47% calcium, 0.3% phosphorus vitamin D-deficient diet for 1 week and then given the same diet containing 0.02% calcium, 0.3% phosphorus for 2 weeks. During the last week they were given the indicated dose of compound by intraperitoneal injection in 0.1 ml 95% propylene glycol and 5% ethanol each day for 7 days. The control animals received only the 0.1 ml of 95% propylene glycol, 5% ethanol.
• the compound of this invention defined by formula I may be formulated for pharmaceutical applications as a solution in innocuous solvents, or as an emulsion, suspension or dispersion in suitable solvents or carriers, or as pills, tablets or capsules, together with solid carriers, according to conventional methods known in the art. Any such formulations may also contain other pharmaceutically-acceptable and non-toxic excipients such as stabilizers, anti-oxidants, binders, coloring agents or emulsifying or taste- modifying agents.
• the compound may be administered orally, topically, parenterally or transdermally.
• the compound is advantageously administered by injection or by intravenous infusion or suitable sterile solutions, or in the form of liquid or solid doses via the alimentary canal, or in the form of creams, ointments, patches, or similar vehicles suitable for transdermal applications.
• Doses of from 0.1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g per day of the compounds are appropriate for treatment purposes, such doses being adjusted according to the disease to be treated, its severity and the response of the subject as is well understood in the art. Since the compound exhibits specificity of action, each may be suitably administered alone, or together with graded doses of another active vitamin D compound - e.g.
• compositions for use in the above-mentioned treatment of psoriasis and other malignancies comprise an effective amount of the 2 ⁇ -methyl-20(S)- 19-nor- vitamin D compound as defined by the above formula I as the active ingredient, and a suitable carrier.
• An effective amount of such compound for use in accordance with this invention is from about 0.01 ⁇ g to about 50 ⁇ g per gm of composition, and may be administered topically, transdermally, orally or parenterally in dosages of from about 0.1 ⁇ g/day to about 10 ⁇ g/day.
• the compound may be formulated as creams, lotions, ointments, topical patches, pills, capsules or tablets, or in liquid form as solutions, emulsions, dispersions, or suspensions in pharmaceutically innocuous and acceptable solvent or oils, and such preparations may contain in addition other pharmaceutically innocuous or beneficial components, such as stabilizers, antioxidants, emulsifiers, coloring agents, binders or taste-modifying agents.
• the compound is advantageously administered in amounts sufficient to effect the differentiation of promyelocytes to normal macrophages. Dosages as described above are suitable, it being understood that the amounts given are to be adjusted in accordance with the severity of the disease, and the condition and response of the subject as is well understood in the art.
• compositions of the present invention comprise an active ingredient in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefore and optionally other therapeutic ingredients.
• the carrier must be "acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulations and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
• Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be in the form of discrete units as capsules, sachets, tablets or lozenges, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; in the form of a powder or granules; in the form of a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or non-aqueous liquid; or in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion.
• Formulations for rectal administration may be in the form of a suppository incorporating the active ingredient and carrier such as cocoa butter, or in the form of an enema.
• Formulations suitable for parenteral administration conveniently comprise a sterile oily or aqueous preparation of the active ingredient which is preferably isotonic with the blood of the recipient.
• Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid or semi- liquid preparations such as liniments, lotions, applicants, oil-in-water or water-in- oil emulsions such as creams, ointments or pastes; or solutions or suspensions such as drops; or as sprays.
• a nebulizer or an atomizer can be used for asthma treatment.
• dosage unit a unitary, i.e. a single dose which is capable of being administered to a patient as a physically and chemically stable unit dose comprising either the active ingredient as such or a mixture of it with solid or liquid pharmaceutical diluents or carriers.

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• 2000
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