WO2001083136A1 - Kokillenwand, insbesondere breitseitenwand einer stranggiesskokille für stahl - Google Patents
Kokillenwand, insbesondere breitseitenwand einer stranggiesskokille für stahl Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001083136A1 WO2001083136A1 PCT/EP2001/004491 EP0104491W WO0183136A1 WO 2001083136 A1 WO2001083136 A1 WO 2001083136A1 EP 0104491 W EP0104491 W EP 0104491W WO 0183136 A1 WO0183136 A1 WO 0183136A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- mold wall
- nickel
- wall according
- dispersion
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 silicon nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CYHANSWJPNHHIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ni].[Co] Chemical compound [Si].[Ni].[Co] CYHANSWJPNHHIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Ni] PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003266 NiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/059—Mould materials or platings
Definitions
- Mold wall in particular broad side wall of a continuous casting mold for steel
- the invention relates to a mold wall for plate molds, tubular molds or the like, in particular the wide side wall of a continuous casting mold for steel, comprising plates made of copper or of a copper alloy with a surface in direct contact with molten steel either provided with coolant channels or in heat-conducting contact with a water tank and a protective layer applied to this.
- the layers are applied to the copper molds in different thicknesses.
- the disadvantage of some of these coatings is that, because of their great hardness, they are difficult to machine in mechanical production and thus cause comparatively high production costs.
- Nickel-silicon carbide dispersion layers have been used for some time in industry, for example in racing engine construction or tool construction. These are highly wear-resistant coatings that also have high thermal resistance.
- a still unpublished German patent application with the file number 100 18 504.5 reports on the use of a hardenable copper alloy for molds.
- the invention consists in the use of a hardenable copper alloy for molds with a beryllium content of 0.1 to 0.5% and a nickel content of 0.5 to 2%, in particular for the production of broad side plates for thin slab casting molds.
- Document DE 26 34 633 A1 discloses in a continuous casting mold for casting steel, comprising a metal body with an inner coating made of a wear-resistant material, that the wear-resistant layer consists of an electrolytically or electrolessly deposited metal layer with solid particles embedded in the crystal lattice and insoluble in the electrolyte.
- the wear-resistant layer can contain nickel with metal carbide particles embedded in the nickel grid.
- the metal carbide can be silicon carbide and the solid particles can be diamond dust.
- the solid particles but can also consist of metal oxide.
- the binary nickel dispersion coatings have a hardness of approx. 380 to 450 HV 1 and high abrasion resistance at room temperature and at 350 to 500 ° C.
- a continuous casting mold for casting steel strands consisting of mold plates and water boxes which are connected to one another, between which a water cooling system is built up using water guide channels, the water guide channels in the side facing the mold plate of the water box are arranged, with the characteristic that the wide mold side with its elements such as copper plate and water box with or without water guide channels, but with a connection plate having water guide channels, by means of clamping bolts with conical clamping pin heads, which are held in corresponding, essentially conical recesses in the copper plate, and is held together by means of clamping elements.
- the invention has for its object to improve a mold wall of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 with regard to its wear resistance at high temperatures in contact with a molten steel, as well as its economical processing, for example for smoothing the availability of the mold walls is significantly improved compared to the prior art.
- the protective layer consists of a galvanically produced binary or ternary metal alloy dispersion, for example based on nickel with embeddings of dispersants.
- the machinability and the wear resistance of the so-called "hot face" of a mold wall is significantly improved by this measure.
- the materials cobalt, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and chromium are preferably galvanically alloyed to the nickel.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the dispersants used to further improve the mechanical or physical properties of the protective layer are: a) carbides of titanium, tantalum, tungsten, zirconium, boron, chromium, silicon, b) the oxides of aluminum, chromium , Silicon, beryllium and zircon.
- nickel-cobalt-silicon carbide dispersion coatings have a much lower hardness drop at higher temperatures, for example in the range between 350 and 500 ° C., than, for example, high-purity nickel, nickel-cobalt and hard nickel.
- the abrasion rate of nickel is almost 16 times higher than e.g. the abrasion rate of a binary nickel cobalt silicon carbide dispersion coating with 380 to 450 HV 1, although the dispersion layers are only about twice as hard as the pure nickel layers with 380 to 450 HV 1 against 220 HV 1.
- the abrasion rate of a binary nickel-cobalt-silicon carbide dispersion coating is only approx. 10%.
- the binary alloy dispersion coatings can be processed economically because, compared with, for example, a hard nickel alloy with approx. 600 HV 1 at room temperature, they are in a hardness range between 380 and 450 HV 1, within which experience has shown are still to be processed economically.
- One embodiment of the invention provides that the binary or temporary Nikkei alloy modifications form a basis for an in particular multi-layer dispersion coating of the inner mold plates.
- Another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the mechanical and physical properties of a dispersion layer, such as wear resistance and / or temperature resistance and / or tribology, can be adjusted in accordance with the incorporation of nanoscale particles, in particular silicon carbide particles, into their microstructure.
- a dispersion layer such as wear resistance and / or temperature resistance and / or tribology
- the dispersants with a particle size of 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m or nanoscale particles with a size of 10 to 1000 nanometers are preferably used.
- the size and rate of incorporation of the dispersants depends, for example, on the tribological requirements.
- the inventive design of the mold wall according to the invention provides that non-metallic hard materials such as boron nitrides, boron carbides, silicon nitrides and ultra diamonds are suitable as dispersants for further improving the mechanical properties of the protective layer:
- the mold wall is characterized in that the dispersion layers are applied with a layer thickness of 10-10,000 ⁇ m, which depend on the stresses during casting and the required finishing.
- NiCo nickel cobalt alloy
- NiP 12 electrostatically produced nickel alloy with more than 12%
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001580006A JP2003531727A (ja) | 2000-04-27 | 2001-04-20 | 鋼用の連続鋳造鋳型の鋳型壁,特に広幅側壁 |
US10/258,377 US7021363B2 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2001-04-20 | Mold wall, especially a broad side wall of a continuous casting mold for steel |
EP01925558A EP1276578A1 (de) | 2000-04-27 | 2001-04-20 | Kokillenwand, insbesondere breitseitenwand einer stranggiesskokille für stahl |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10020551.8 | 2000-04-27 | ||
DE10020551 | 2000-04-27 | ||
DE10062490A DE10062490A1 (de) | 2000-04-27 | 2000-12-14 | Kokillenwand, insbesondere Breitseitenwand einer Stranggießkokille für Stahl |
DE10062490.1 | 2000-12-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001083136A1 true WO2001083136A1 (de) | 2001-11-08 |
Family
ID=26005481
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2001/004491 WO2001083136A1 (de) | 2000-04-27 | 2001-04-20 | Kokillenwand, insbesondere breitseitenwand einer stranggiesskokille für stahl |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7021363B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1276578A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003531727A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1247347C (de) |
TW (1) | TW576767B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001083136A1 (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005040151A1 (de) * | 2005-08-25 | 2007-03-01 | Galvotech Dier Gmbh | Nanopartikelschicht |
WO2007071542A1 (de) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-06-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Beschichtung für eine kokille für eine stranggiessanlage und verfahren zur beschichtung |
WO2008086862A1 (de) | 2007-01-18 | 2008-07-24 | Sms Siemag Ag | Kokille mit beschichtung |
DE102010012309A1 (de) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | Sms Siemag Ag | Kokillenelement und Verfahren zu dessen Beschichtung |
DE102010022199A1 (de) | 2010-05-20 | 2011-11-24 | Sms Siemag Ag | Kokillenplatte in einer Stranggießanlage |
US8104530B2 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2012-01-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Component of a steelworks, such as a continuous casting installation or a rolling mill, method for producing such a component and installation for creating or processing semifinished metallic products |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060040126A1 (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2006-02-23 | Richardson Rick A | Electrolytic alloys with co-deposited particulate matter |
JP5161842B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-02 | 2013-03-13 | 三島光産株式会社 | 連続鋳造用鋳型 |
CN104985147A (zh) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-10-21 | 西峡龙成特种材料有限公司 | 一种高拉速Ni-Co-Fe合金镀层连铸结晶器铜板及其制备工艺 |
CN104959559A (zh) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-10-07 | 西峡龙成特种材料有限公司 | 一种Ni-Co-Fe合金镀层连铸结晶器铜板及其制备工艺 |
EP3317456A1 (de) * | 2015-07-02 | 2018-05-09 | Voith Patent GmbH | Bauteil für eine maschine zur herstellung und/oder behandlung einer faserstoffbahn und verfahren zur herstellung einer beschichtung eines bauteils |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4197902A (en) * | 1976-07-31 | 1980-04-15 | Kabel-Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag | Molds for continuous casting of metals |
JPS5586658A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1980-06-30 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Continuous casting method |
JPS5639151A (en) * | 1979-09-07 | 1981-04-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Mold for continuous casting and its production |
JPS5731445A (en) * | 1980-07-31 | 1982-02-19 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Mold for continuous casting |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4037646A (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1977-07-26 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Molds for continuously casting steel |
FI75748C (fi) * | 1986-08-15 | 1988-08-08 | Outokumpu Oy | Kokill. |
FR2604552A1 (fr) * | 1986-09-29 | 1988-04-01 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Substrat polymere rigide utilisable comme support d'enregistrement magnetique et le disque magnetique obtenu a partir de ce substrat |
US5230380A (en) * | 1988-07-22 | 1993-07-27 | Satosen Co., Ltd. | Molds for continuous casting of steel |
-
2001
- 2001-04-20 CN CN01808732.9A patent/CN1247347C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-20 JP JP2001580006A patent/JP2003531727A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-20 US US10/258,377 patent/US7021363B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-20 EP EP01925558A patent/EP1276578A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-04-20 WO PCT/EP2001/004491 patent/WO2001083136A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-05-22 TW TW090109975A patent/TW576767B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4197902A (en) * | 1976-07-31 | 1980-04-15 | Kabel-Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag | Molds for continuous casting of metals |
JPS5586658A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1980-06-30 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Continuous casting method |
JPS5639151A (en) * | 1979-09-07 | 1981-04-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Mold for continuous casting and its production |
JPS5731445A (en) * | 1980-07-31 | 1982-02-19 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Mold for continuous casting |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 004, no. 128 (M - 031) 9 September 1980 (1980-09-09) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 005, no. 093 (M - 074) 17 June 1981 (1981-06-17) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 006, no. 097 (M - 134) 5 June 1982 (1982-06-05) * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005040151A1 (de) * | 2005-08-25 | 2007-03-01 | Galvotech Dier Gmbh | Nanopartikelschicht |
DE102005040151B4 (de) * | 2005-08-25 | 2008-10-09 | Galvotech Dier Gmbh | Verfahren zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Metallschichten und mit dem Verfahren hergestellte Kokillenplatte |
WO2007071542A1 (de) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-06-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Beschichtung für eine kokille für eine stranggiessanlage und verfahren zur beschichtung |
US8104530B2 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2012-01-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Component of a steelworks, such as a continuous casting installation or a rolling mill, method for producing such a component and installation for creating or processing semifinished metallic products |
WO2008086862A1 (de) | 2007-01-18 | 2008-07-24 | Sms Siemag Ag | Kokille mit beschichtung |
DE102010012309A1 (de) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | Sms Siemag Ag | Kokillenelement und Verfahren zu dessen Beschichtung |
WO2011117035A2 (de) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | Sms Siemag Ag | Kokillenelement und verfahren zu dessen beschichtung |
DE102010022199A1 (de) | 2010-05-20 | 2011-11-24 | Sms Siemag Ag | Kokillenplatte in einer Stranggießanlage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2003531727A (ja) | 2003-10-28 |
US20030102104A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
EP1276578A1 (de) | 2003-01-22 |
US7021363B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
CN1426333A (zh) | 2003-06-25 |
CN1247347C (zh) | 2006-03-29 |
TW576767B (en) | 2004-02-21 |
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