WO2001079579A1 - Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece et piece obtenue - Google Patents
Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece et piece obtenue Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001079579A1 WO2001079579A1 PCT/FR2001/001192 FR0101192W WO0179579A1 WO 2001079579 A1 WO2001079579 A1 WO 2001079579A1 FR 0101192 W FR0101192 W FR 0101192W WO 0179579 A1 WO0179579 A1 WO 0179579A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- treatment
- species
- gaseous medium
- carbon
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 austenitic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UKLJMHXGZUJRTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;n-cyclohexylsulfamate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1.[O-]S(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 UKLJMHXGZUJRTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 51
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000005495 cold plasma Effects 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/62—Plasma-deposition of organic layers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for treating the surface of a part, comprising bringing into contact with a surface of the part, at least one activated chemical species, such as an activated chemical species contained in cold plasma.
- Methods of treating the surface of parts are known by bringing a surface of the part into contact with at least one activated chemical species contained in a cold plasma which can be generated, for example, by an electric discharge between an anode and a cathode, inside an enclosure containing a gas and generally a gas mixture at a pressure below atmospheric pressure.
- the plasma contains electrons as well as activated species themselves comprising ionized species and excited neutral species, that is to say atoms or molecules of which certain electronic layers are excited under the effect of the electric discharge.
- activated chemical species for example by an electrical discharge
- the interstitials commonly used for hardening steel consist mainly of nitrogen, carbon and boron.
- the treatment consists in generating a plasma, for example by an electric discharge, in a gaseous medium containing the interstitial and in bringing the plasma containing activated species into contact with the surface of the part to be treated.
- the interstitial in the activated state is highly reactive towards the surface of the part, so that it penetrates through the surface of the part.
- the part is brought, during the treatment to a temperature which ensures a diffusion of the interstitial in the surface layer of the part, to a depth which depends in particular on the temperature and the duration of the treatment.
- Curing treatments are carried out in this way or, more generally, treatments aimed at modifying the surface properties of the parts, in particular steel parts, by introducing and diffusing interstitials in a surface layer of the part. .
- a discharge is produced between the part brought to a cathodic potential and an anode which can be constituted for example by the wall or a part of the enclosure in which the treatment is carried out.
- the cold plasma is produced in situ, in the vicinity of the surface of the part to be treated, by the electrical discharge inside the gaseous medium filling the treatment enclosure.
- the activated species for example the ionized species or the excited neutral species, are formed close to the surface of the part with which they react to ensure a contribution of an element of interstitial type.
- the heating and maintaining the temperature of the room to ensure the diffusion of the interstitial is obtained by electric discharge.
- One can also provide additional heating and temperature maintenance means.
- the plasma can also be generated, inside the enclosure, by an electromagnetic wave generator, for example a microwave generator or a radio frequency generator, these means generally requiring different pressures of the gaseous plasma-producing medium. pressures required when using an electric shock.
- an electromagnetic wave generator for example a microwave generator or a radio frequency generator
- the plasma can also be generated in a plasma generator outside the treatment enclosure and then transferred into the enclosure enclosing the part to be treated which is heated and maintained at temperature inside the enclosure.
- the gas mixture in which the plasma is formed contains nitrogen or a gaseous derivative of nitrogen, these components generally being diluted by hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and a neutral gas such as argon or by any other non-reactive diluent mixture.
- a gas mixture commonly used is the N 2 + H 2 mixture.
- the plasma produced in such a gas mixture generally contains ionized species such as for example N + and N 2 + as well as excited neutral species such as for example N, N 2l NH and H. It has generally been observed that the excited neutral species exhibit good reactivity with respect to the metallic surface subjected to the plasma and contribute effectively to the introduction of interstitials on the surface of the part.
- the electrical discharge In the case where the plasma is produced by an electrical discharge, the electrical discharge must be maintained in an abnormal luminescent discharge regime, that is to say a regime preceding a regime of arcing between the cathode and the anode .
- an abnormal luminescent discharge regime that is to say a regime preceding a regime of arcing between the cathode and the anode .
- the discharge is carried out between the part constituting the cathode and a part of the treatment enclosure constituting the anode, there are considerable risks of the formation of arcs generating surface defects on the part to be treated.
- the fact that the plasma is applied directly to the part can lead to differences in heating between different parts of the part or from one part to another, when treating inside the enclosure a load comprising a plurality of parts.
- a load comprising a plurality of parts.
- the temperature of treatment of the part for example in the case of a hardening treatment with carbon or interstitial nitrogen of steel parts and more particularly of austenitic stainless steel parts, must be carefully adjusted so to perfectly control the diffusion of interstitials in the surface layer of the part.
- a layer of a solid solution of carbon and / or nitrogen is formed in the metal matrix which has the disadvantage of also comprising precipitates of nitrides and / or carbides which substantially degrade the resistance to corrosion of the workpiece surface.
- a support which can be, for example, a cathode support of the treatment installation, prior to the processing.
- This installation requires providing means for supporting and positioning the parts on the cathode support, so that the parts are perfectly exposed on their surface treated with plasma which is formed in the electrical discharge.
- the installation of a large number of parts also requires delicate handling and a time of execution which can be long.
- the object of the invention is therefore to propose a method of surface treatment of a part consisting in bringing into contact with a surface of the part, at least one activated chemical species, the treatment being implemented so as to increase the reactivity of the activated chemical species used in such proportions that it is possible to process parts of complex shape and / or large dimensions, in large number positioned individually or in bulk, possibly inside containers, in the form rolled or stacked, with very good control of the processing temperature.
- the activated species is obtained by activation of a gaseous medium containing at least two of the elements carbon, nitrogen, boron, oxygen and it comprises at least two of the elements carbon, nitrogen, boron and oxygen.
- the treatment according to the invention is carried out by carrying out the activation of a gaseous medium containing both carbon and nitrogen, for example by an electric discharge, so as to obtain an excited neutral species CN which exhibits a very high reactivity in contact with metallic or non-metallic surfaces, such as in the case of metallic surfaces, surfaces of steel parts and more particularly of stainless steel.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view, in elevation and in section, of a treatment installation for implementing the method of the invention.
- Figure 2 is an elevational and sectional view of a housing or container which can be used for the implementation of the treatment method according to the invention.
- the activated species and the cold plasma comprising these species are produced in a gaseous medium containing at least two of the elements carbon, nitrogen, boron and oxygen, that is to say say at least two elements that can constitute interstitials in the metal matrix of a part to be treated.
- gaseous media can be obtained in various ways, for implementing the method of the invention.
- the media which can be used in the case of a surface treatment using the nitrogen and carbon interstitials will be indicated below.
- the gaseous medium may be a gaseous mixture consisting of molecular nitrogen gas N 2 and / or a compound containing nitrogen, a compound containing carbon and optionally , at least one diluting gas such as hydrogen and / or a neutral gas.
- the nitrogen-containing compound may be, in addition to molecular nitrogen, a gaseous derivative of nitrogen.
- the carbon-containing compound can be a hydrocarbon, for example an a ⁇ phatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, a cyclan, an alkene, an alkyne, an alkane, and in particular methane.
- the mixture of nitrogen and gaseous compounds containing carbon can be diluted by hydrogen or a neutral gas such as argon.
- a typical mixture that can be used is the N 2 + H 2 + mixture
- the gaseous medium containing carbon and nitrogen can also consist of a compound whose molecule contains both carbon and nitrogen and which can be obtained easily in the gaseous state.
- a compound can for example be an amine.
- Such a gaseous compound can be diluted by hydrogen or by a neutral gas such as argon or by any other non-reactive diluent mixture.
- the activation of the gaseous medium to obtain a cold plasma containing activated species and in particular activated species containing both nitrogen and carbon can be carried out in different ways which will be indicated below. Activation of the gaseous medium based on nitrogen and carbon:
- the cold plasma can be generated by an electric discharge between an anode and a cathode inside an enclosure containing the gaseous medium.
- the electrical discharge can be carried out between the part to be treated and a part of the treatment installation at an anode potential or, preferably, as will be explained below, between a container containing one or more parts to be treated and a part of the treatment facility.
- the cold plasma can also be generated by an electromagnetic wave generator, for example a microwave generator or a radiofrequency generator.
- an electromagnetic wave generator for example a microwave generator or a radiofrequency generator.
- the plasma can be generated in the processing enclosure or outside of the parts processing enclosure.
- the activated species can also be generated in the gas mixture by other means.
- the pressure of the gaseous medium in which the plasma or the activated species is generated is adapted to the mode of generation of the activated species.
- the pressure of the gaseous medium is lower at atmospheric pressure and for example less than 100 mbar.
- the pressure of the gaseous medium is, for example, less than 100 mbar.
- the plasma is generated under conditions such that among the activated species, that is to say the excited ionized or neutral species, there is a significant proportion of species containing both nitrogen and carbon and in particular the excited neutral species of the CN form whose reactivities are particularly high.
- the neutral excited species CNO is also obtained, also having very good reactivity.
- oxygen is an additive which can act as a catalyst for the formation of complex activated species containing at least two elements of interstitial type.
- the gaseous medium containing nitrogen and carbon can also be generated in situ, for example inside the treatment enclosure, before or simultaneously with the formation of the activated species used in the context of the invention. .
- a gaseous mixture containing only nitrogen and possibly a dilution gas such as hydrogen and / or argon is introduced into the enclosure, in the form of a solid carbon target, for example graphite or a solid element containing carbon.
- the target is subjected, inside the treatment enclosure (or in a plasma generator separate from the enclosure), to an ion beam formed from the nitrogen-based gas mixture.
- the target could also be bombarded by any other incident particle beam independent of the plasma formed from the gaseous medium containing nitrogen.
- the bombardment of the target results in a sputtering of carbon and an emission of the carbon element in the gaseous medium or the plasma formed from the gaseous medium.
- energy must be communicated to the gaseous medium or to the plasma in order to obtain a combination of carbon and nitrogen in the form of activated species and in particular of excited neutral species of the CN form.
- a cold plasma generated from a gaseous medium containing carbon and nitrogen contains different ionized species and different neutral species which exhibit different behaviors during the implementation of the processing of the invention.
- the plasma generated for example by an electrical discharge, contains ionized species such as for example N + , N 2 + , CN + , (CN) 2 + , C * and excited neutral species such as N, N 2 , NH, H, C, CN and (CN) 2 .
- the inventors have been able to show that among all these activated species, the excited neutral species containing carbon and nitrogen, and in particular the excited neutral species CN, exhibited very high reactivity, for example in the case of surface treatment of '' an austenitic stainless steel.
- the completely exceptional behavior of the excited neutral species CN that is to say of an excited neutral species containing both nitrogen and carbon, allows to consider surface treatments, under conditions of implementation that have not been possible until now and on parts which could not be treated by treatment methods using ionized species.
- the hardening treatment with nitrogen and carbon of austenitic stainless steel parts can be carried out at a temperature between 200 ° C and 600 ° C, to avoid the formation of precipitates, it is recommended to treat parts in a temperature range between 300 ° C and 480 ° C and preferably between 300 ° C and 460 ° C.
- the treatment installation consists of an oven enclosure 1, for example produced in two parts 1a and 1b, separable from one another to charge the oven and joined together with interposition of seals, so that the oven enclosure 2 is practically gas tight, so as to prevent the entry of air into the oven, during the treatment.
- the oven enclosure can be evacuated and filled with a gaseous mixture such as N 2 + H 2 + CH, for example by means of a discharge nozzle 3 'and a filling nozzle 3.
- L' enclosure 1 of the treatment oven contains a support 4 on which parts to be treated 5 can be arranged.
- the support 4 is connected to a cathode terminal of an electric generator 6, the second, anode terminal of which is electrically connected to the oven enclosure 1.
- the support 4 and the parts or containers 5 disposed on the support 4 are thus brought to a cathodic potential with respect to the enclosure 1 which is at an anodic potential.
- the generator 6 After having carried out the evacuation of the enclosure 2 of the furnace 1 and its filling with gaseous mixture N 2 + H 2 + CH 4 , at a pressure of less than 100 mbar, the generator 6 is put into operation so as to create a discharge abnormal luminescent between the cathode formed by the containers 5 and the wall 1 of the treatment furnace.
- a plasma is generated around the containers 5, in the luminescent discharge.
- the discharge is controlled so as to produce activated species in the gas mixture and in particular the excited neutral CN species characteristic of the implementation of the process of the invention in a gas mixture containing carbon and nitrogen.
- the parts are further heated and their temperature is regulated, throughout the duration of the treatment, as will be described later.
- the gases contained in the enclosure 2 are also renewed, continuously, to regulate the pressure inside the enclosure 2 and constantly supply the nitrogen and carbon necessary to generate the activated species used during processing.
- the Debye length is of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter.
- the inventors have observed that, extremely surprisingly, in the case of a plasma obtained from a gaseous mixture containing both carbon and nitrogen, the surface treatment was carried out on unexposed surfaces plasma and separated from the plasma area by a gap " having an opening of a size that does not allow the ignition of a plasma.
- the inventors have been able to show that this effect was due to the reactivity quite exceptional and of activated species containing both carbon and nitrogen, and in particular of the excited neutral species CN. On parts not exposed to the plasma, nitrogen and carbon are supplied by the excited neutral CN species, outside the cold plasma field.
- the inventors have also been able to observe that an effect of increasing the activity of the plasma is also obtained in the case of plasmas produced by microwave or radiofrequency, in a gaseous medium containing carbon and nitrogen.
- a container 5 which comprises a body 5a, for example of cylindrical shape closed by a bottom, at a first end, and open, at a second end, as well as a cover 5b constituted by a simple metal plate placed on the open end of the cylindrical body 5a of the container 5.
- the container 5 is therefore constituted in the form of a simple cylindrical box having an attached flat cover and. placed on the end edge of the cylindrical body 5a.
- the container as 5 has been used to carry out, inside the treatment chamber 2 of the oven 1, the surface treatment of parts 7 placed in bulk inside the container.
- the parts 7 are, for example, so-called “quick” fittings made of 316L stainless steel.
- the body 5a and the cover 5b of the cylindrical box can be made of 316L stainless steel.
- the internal surface of the body 5a of the box and possibly of the cover 5b can be coated with an insulating material such as a ceramic.
- a container 5 comprising a solid wall or body 5a closed by a cover 5b placed on one end of the wall
- a container 5 comprising a wall pierced with a plurality of openings inside which engages sealing elements with a small clearance not allowing the ignition of a plasma through the openings of the wall.
- the container has at least one opening closed by a closure means providing, with the edge of the opening, a play that is not zero in the mechanical sense but sufficiently large to allow the activated species to pass and sufficiently weak to prevent a plasma. to get inside the container.
- a closure means providing, with the edge of the opening, a play that is not zero in the mechanical sense but sufficiently large to allow the activated species to pass and sufficiently weak to prevent a plasma. to get inside the container.
- one or more boxes 5 are arranged on the support 4 and brought to a cathodic potential inside the treatment enclosure. It has been ensured that the residual clearance between the cover 5b and the body 5a of the containers 5 is less than the length of Debye. In fact, different experiments were carried out with a variable clearance, between 1 hundredth and three tenths of a millimeter, between the cover 5b and the body 5a of the containers due to the roughness of the surfaces and to a pressing or clamping force. variable applied to the cover 5b.
- the opening of the gap e being much less than the length of Debye, there can be no ignition of the plasma inside the container 5, when an electric discharge is produced between the containers 5 and the wall 1 of the oven.
- Ionized species such as N + and N 2 + and excited neutral species such as N, N 2 , NH cannot be found in the active state inside containers, because of their short lifespan which does not allow their transfer between the treatment enclosure and the interior of the containers.
- Ionized species such as C + and excited neutral species such as C cannot also be found in the active state inside the containers, due to their short lifespan which does not allow their transfer between the enclosure of processing and interior of containers.
- the species containing carbon and nitrogen and in particular the excited neutral species CN are found in the reactive state inside the container and provide nitrogen and / or carbon to the parts 7, a interstice of a few tenths of a millimeter, for example to prohibit the ignition of the plasma while ensuring the passage of active excited neutral species.
- an interval of opening dimension of the interstice allowing the treatment without contact with the plasma for example between 0.01 and 0 , 3 mm, is not an absolute condition, certain values greater than a few tenths of a millimeter making it possible for example to prohibit the ignition of the plasma while ensuring the passage of the excited neutral species. Values less than 0.01 mm also allow treatment, but with less effectiveness.
- FIG 2 there is shown a nozzle 8 of a container 5 which can be connected to a means for discharging the gas mixture to the outside of the treatment chamber 2 of the oven. This promotes the introduction of the gaseous mixture containing neutral species activated inside the containers 5, when such an evacuation mode through the containers is used.
- the treatment of the parts 7 inside the container or containers 5 is carried out at a temperature making it possible to obtain a solid solution of at least one of the carbon and nitrogen interstitials in a surface layer of the parts, without forming carbide precipitates. and nitride in this surface layer.
- the treatment was carried out in an atmosphere of methane and nitrogen diluted in hydrogen, at a controlled temperature around 420 ° C, that is to say at a temperature between 300 ° C and 460 ° C.
- the treatment was carried out for periods of between 24 hours and 48 hours, depending on the batches of parts treated. Cured layers were obtained on the parts, with a thickness of between 10 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m, these layers having a hardness greater than 1000 Vickers and a resistance to attack by a salt spray greater than 1000 hours.
- the treatment was also carried out, inside containers 5, of parts 7 formed by austenitic stainless steel nuts, the treatment time being 18 hours and the temperature of approximately 420 ° C.
- the nuts thus treated had quite remarkable anti-seizing characteristics.
- the oven Before filling the chamber 2 of the oven 1, after depositing the container or containers 5 on the cathode support and closing the oven, the oven is evacuated for a sufficient time to reach a pressure below the treatment pressure. The chamber 2 of the oven 1 is then filled with an N 2 + H 2 + CH 4 mixture at a pressure of less than 100 mbar.
- the treatment is carried out for a period ranging from one hour to several tens of hours.
- the treatment makes it possible to obtain a layer hardened by at least one interstitial having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, depending on the duration of the treatment.
- the hardened layer is a solid solution of interstitials in the metallic matrix of the steel or a solid solution containing precipitates of carbides and nitrides.
- the heating limit temperature to obtain a solid solution without precipitates is of the order of 460 ° C. to 480 ° C. It should be noted that in the case of a treatment in which the plasma is obtained by electric discharge, the heating of the containers can also be obtained by electric discharge, the heating of the parts 7 inside the containers being carried out by radiation. and by conduction through the wall of the containers.
- the parts When the treatment is carried out at a temperature above 460 ° C., the parts may exhibit an initial sensitivity to corrosion, due to the appearance of nitrides and carbides in the solid solution. The degradation of the corrosion resistance becomes very sensitive from 480 ° C. Between 480 ° C and 600 ° C, corrosion resistance is no longer guaranteed, but the part has a very high hardness, which makes it possible to envisage certain applications of the treatment at temperatures above 480 ° C.
- the additional heating of the treatment enclosure can be carried out by any means other than heating resistors.
- treatments can be carried out at a temperature ranging for example up to 800 ° C.
- the plasma is generated around the containers 5, but due to the small thickness e of the lid closing gap, the plasma cannot ignite inside the containers in contact with the parts. The parts are thus protected from any risk of damage by electric arcs.
- a surface treatment according to the invention carried out by activated species such as the excited neutral species CN, without contact with the plasma, therefore has numerous advantages.
- a surface treatment with activated species of the internal surface of very small cavities of metal parts for example the internal surface of the injection channel of a fuel injector or of the channels of a ramp d injection of a motor vehicle,
- the parts are placed inside a container making it possible to isolate them. and protect them against the risk of electric arcs.
- the container also makes it possible to obtain a homogenization of the temperature of the parts.
- the room temperature can be precisely regulated, regardless of the production of the activated species.
- the invention makes it possible to treat parts having very small cavities, for example channels or slots having a diameter or an opening width of between 0.01 and 0.3 mm, the inner surface of which is hardened by at least an interstitial. Such parts cannot be obtained by conventional plasma nitriding treatment methods and are therefore characteristic of the invention.
- the internal surface of the container may or may not be conductive, so that the parts are polarized or not during the treatment. In certain cases, it will be possible to carry out the treatment of the parts inside containers internally coated with an insulating material, for example with a ceramic.
- the high reactivity of the CN type activated species makes it possible to use the method according to the invention for treating very long parts, for example for treating the interior or exterior surface of very long tubes.
- the invention can be implemented in many ways, as regards the nature, composition and mode of obtaining the gaseous medium whose activation is carried out and as regards the mode of activation of the gaseous medium .
- the invention applies to the treatment of parts made of many materials, for example to the treatment of steels or alloys having a cubic structure with centered faces, cubic centered or tetragonal, for example austenitic, martensitic, ferritic or stainless steels. austenoferitics or any other stainless steel or not which has a chromium content greater than 8% or any low or high alloy structural steel.
- the invention also applies to other steels and to non-ferrous materials such as titanium, aluminum and their alloys, or to nickel and / or cobalt alloys.
- a homogeneous solid solution of carbon and or nitrogen is produced in the metal alloy, according to the conditions, in particular thermal conditions, for conducting the process, the carbon and nitrogen content being greater than 3 atom% in the hardened surface layer, this content even reaching 50 atom%. In general, it is preferable that this content is between 3 atom% and 30 atom% to obtain good resistance to corrosion and good hardening of steels.
- the treatment according to the invention can be applied to very many parts and in particular to any mechanical part subjected to wear in a corrosive medium.
- the invention can be applied advantageously for the production of materials used in the food industry, the chemical industry, the steel industry, the nuclear industry or the automotive industry. , or even used in the marine environment or in biomedical applications.
- the invention has particularly advantageous applications in the case of austenitic steels having to resist scratches, for example stainless steel dishes, these dishes being able to be treated on the starting plate, before stamping, or even in the stamped state and in a stacked arrangement in the processing enclosure.
- the parts or objects treated by the process of the invention remain perfectly shiny and retain a very beautiful appearance after treatment.
- austenitic stainless steels to keep the shiny appearance of parts or objects treated, it is however necessary to carry out the treatment at a temperature at most equal to 480 ° C.
- the invention can be applied advantageously to blades of common martensitic stainless steel objects such as knives or scalpels.
- the treatment can be applied to thin sheets in the unrolled state or even wound up in the form of coils.
- the invention applies to orthopedic implants.
- the invention also applies to valves, motor vehicle fuel injectors, engine segments which can be treated in a stacked state and to turbine parts subjected to pitting corrosion.
- the invention applies to any part such as a valve, a plug, a metallic valve, a piston, a cylinder, a pump part (centrifugal, vane, gear, lobe), flow regulator part, regulator part. pressure, solenoid valve part.
- the invention can be applied to crayons. control clusters for pressurized water nuclear reactors.
- the treatment can be carried out on a strip or on a metal blank implemented after treatment.
- the treatment can be carried out on pieces arranged in a unitary manner in a container or arranged in bulk, in piles or in coils.
- the surface treatment according to the invention can be carried out even on a passivated surface.
- the treatment according to the invention can be used for the surface treatment of non-metallic parts, for example of ceramic, glass, rubber or polymer plastic parts, the surface properties of which are modified by the action of excited neutral species. such as CN.
- the treatment according to the invention can use one or more complex activated species comprising two or more than two elements. elements among nitrogen, carbon, boron and oxygen.
- the cured layer of the parts may have one or more interstitials such as carbon and nitrogen.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01927996A EP1274873B1 (fr) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-18 | Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece et piece obtenue |
DE60112564T DE60112564T2 (de) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-18 | Verfahren zur oberflächenbehandlung eines werkstückes und dadurch hergestelltes werkstück |
AT01927996T ATE301734T1 (de) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-18 | Verfahren zur oberflächenbehandlung eines werkstückes und dadurch hergestelltes werkstück |
US10/240,331 US7074460B2 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-18 | Method for treating the surface of a part and resulting part |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0005058A FR2807956B1 (fr) | 2000-04-19 | 2000-04-19 | Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece et piece obtenue |
FR00/05058 | 2000-04-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001079579A1 true WO2001079579A1 (fr) | 2001-10-25 |
WO2001079579B1 WO2001079579B1 (fr) | 2002-03-21 |
Family
ID=8849427
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2001/001192 WO2001079579A1 (fr) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-18 | Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece et piece obtenue |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7074460B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1274873B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE301734T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60112564T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2247100T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2807956B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001079579A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
LU92514B1 (fr) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-09 | Plasma Metal S A | Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece en acier inoxydable |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060237398A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2006-10-26 | Dougherty Mike L Sr | Plasma-assisted processing in a manufacturing line |
US7560657B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2009-07-14 | Btu International Inc. | Plasma-assisted processing in a manufacturing line |
US7638727B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2009-12-29 | Btu International Inc. | Plasma-assisted heat treatment |
JP3891433B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-15 | 2007-03-14 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料噴射弁 |
FR2888586B1 (fr) * | 2005-07-13 | 2008-01-11 | Nitruvid Snc | Procede de traitement d'une piece en titane ou alliage de titane et piece obtenue |
US11492691B2 (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2022-11-08 | The Boeing Company | Case hardened titanium parts and method for making the same |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2261227A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1993-05-12 | Univ Hull | Surface treatment of metals at low pressure |
EP0801142A2 (fr) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-15 | Nitruvid | Procédé de traitement de surface d'une pièce métallique, pièce métallique obtenue et ses applications |
WO1999004056A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-19 | 1999-01-28 | The University Of Birmingham | Procede pour le traitement d'articles en acier inoxydable austenitique |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS51117934A (en) * | 1975-04-09 | 1976-10-16 | Fujikoshi Kk | Droppinggtype gas carburizing furnace |
DE4124600A1 (de) | 1991-07-25 | 1993-01-28 | Continental Ag | Vorrichtung zum herstellen von kautschukmischungen |
FR2726135B1 (fr) | 1994-10-25 | 1997-01-17 | Suisse Electronique Microtech | Dispositif de commutation |
DE69726834T2 (de) * | 1997-04-18 | 2004-11-04 | Plasma Metal S.A. | Verfahren und Ofen zum Nitrieren |
JP4109356B2 (ja) * | 1998-08-20 | 2008-07-02 | 学校法人 龍谷大学 | 結晶質の窒化炭素膜を形成する方法 |
US6595055B1 (en) | 1998-10-28 | 2003-07-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten | Micromechanical component comprising an oscillating body |
DE10011274A1 (de) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-13 | Wolff Walsrode Ag | Plasmabehandelte bahnförmige Werkstoffe |
-
2000
- 2000-04-19 FR FR0005058A patent/FR2807956B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-18 US US10/240,331 patent/US7074460B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-18 DE DE60112564T patent/DE60112564T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-18 EP EP01927996A patent/EP1274873B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-18 AT AT01927996T patent/ATE301734T1/de active
- 2001-04-18 WO PCT/FR2001/001192 patent/WO2001079579A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-18 ES ES01927996T patent/ES2247100T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2261227A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1993-05-12 | Univ Hull | Surface treatment of metals at low pressure |
EP0801142A2 (fr) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-15 | Nitruvid | Procédé de traitement de surface d'une pièce métallique, pièce métallique obtenue et ses applications |
WO1999004056A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-19 | 1999-01-28 | The University Of Birmingham | Procede pour le traitement d'articles en acier inoxydable austenitique |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
LU92514B1 (fr) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-09 | Plasma Metal S A | Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece en acier inoxydable |
WO2016020384A1 (fr) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-11 | Plasma Metal S.A. | Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece en acier inoxydable |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1274873B1 (fr) | 2005-08-10 |
WO2001079579B1 (fr) | 2002-03-21 |
US20040045636A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
DE60112564D1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
FR2807956A1 (fr) | 2001-10-26 |
ES2247100T3 (es) | 2006-03-01 |
ATE301734T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
DE60112564T2 (de) | 2006-02-16 |
US7074460B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 |
FR2807956B1 (fr) | 2003-10-24 |
EP1274873A1 (fr) | 2003-01-15 |
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