EP1274873B1 - Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece et piece obtenue - Google Patents
Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece et piece obtenue Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1274873B1 EP1274873B1 EP01927996A EP01927996A EP1274873B1 EP 1274873 B1 EP1274873 B1 EP 1274873B1 EP 01927996 A EP01927996 A EP 01927996A EP 01927996 A EP01927996 A EP 01927996A EP 1274873 B1 EP1274873 B1 EP 1274873B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- species
- nitrogen
- treatment
- plasma
- gaseous medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/62—Plasma-deposition of organic layers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for surface treatment of a room of contacting a surface of the workpiece with at least one activated chemical species, such as an activated chemical species contained in a cold plasma.
- Plasma contains electrons and activated species including themselves ionized species and excited neutral species, that is, atoms or molecules with certain layers electronics are excited by the effect of the electric shock.
- species activated chemicals for example by an electric discharge
- the interstitials used usually for the hardening of steel are constituted mainly by nitrogen, carbon and boron.
- the treatment consists of generating a plasma, for example by an electric discharge, in a gaseous medium enclosing the interstitial and putting the plasma containing activated species in contact with the surface of the workpiece.
- the interstitial in the activated state is highly responsive to the surface of the workpiece, so that it penetrates across the surface of the room.
- the piece is worn during treatment at a temperature which ensures a diffusion of the interstitial in the layer the surface of the room, to a depth that depends in particular on temperature and duration of treatment.
- a discharge is produced between the workpiece a cathode potential and an anode which can be constituted for example by the wall or a part of the enclosure in which the treatment is carried out.
- the cold plasma is produced in situ, in the vicinity of the surface of the piece to be treated, by the electric discharge inside the gaseous medium filling the treatment chamber.
- Activated species for example ionized species or excited neutral species, are formed nearby of the surface of the room with which they react to ensure a contribution of an interstitial type element.
- heating and keeping the room warm to ensure the diffusion of the interstitial are obtained by the electric discharge. It is also possible to provide additional heating means and maintaining the temperature.
- Plasma can also be generated inside the enclosure by an electromagnetic wave generator, for example a microwave generator or a radiofrequency generator, these means generally requiring pressures of the plasmagenic gaseous medium different from the pressures necessary in the case of the use of an electric shock.
- an electromagnetic wave generator for example a microwave generator or a radiofrequency generator
- Plasma can also be generated in a plasma generator outside the treatment chamber and then transferred to the enclosure enclosing the workpiece that is heated and kept warm inside of the enclosure.
- the gaseous mixture in which the plasma is formed contains nitrogen or a gaseous derivative of nitrogen, these components being generally diluted with nitrogen.
- nitrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and a neutral gas such as argon or any other non-reactive diluent mixture.
- An example of a gaseous mixture commonly used is the mixture N 2 + H 2 .
- the plasma produced in such a gaseous mixture generally contains ionized species such as, for example, N + and N 2 + as well as excited neutral species such as, for example, N, N 2 , NH and H.
- the electrical discharge In the case where the plasma is produced by an electric discharge, the electrical discharge must be maintained in a glow discharge regime abnormal, that is, a diet that precedes a training regime arcs between the cathode and the anode.
- the fact that the plasma is applied directly to the piece can cause differences in heating between different parts of the room or from one room to another, when treated inside the enclosure a load having a plurality of parts.
- overheating on certain parts of the parts when they are made of stainless steel, can form locally, in the layer enriched in interstitials, precipitates, for example nitride, which substantially degrade the resistance to corrosion of the surface of the room.
- the treatment temperature of the room for example in the case of a hardening treatment by carbon or interstitial nitrogen of steel parts and more particularly of stainless steel parts austenitic, must be carefully adjusted to perfectly control the diffusion of interstitials in the surface layer of the room.
- a layer of a solution is formed solid carbon and / or nitrogen in the metal matrix which has the disadvantage to also include precipitates of nitrides and / or carbides which substantially degrade the corrosion resistance of the surface of the room.
- the object of the invention is therefore to propose a treatment method surface area of a workpiece to contact a surface of the at least one activated chemical species, the treatment being in order to increase the reactivity of activated chemical species implemented in such proportions that parts can be processed of complex shape and / or large dimensions, in large numbers positioned unitarily or in bulk, possibly inside containers, in rolled or stacked form, with very good control of the treatment temperature.
- the activated species is obtained by activation of a medium gas containing at least two elements carbon, nitrogen, boron, oxygen and it comprises at least two of the elements carbon, nitrogen, boron and oxygen.
- the treatment according to the invention is implemented by performing the activation of a gaseous medium containing both carbon and nitrogen, for example by an electric discharge, in order to obtain a neutral excited CN species which has a very high reactivity in contact with metallic or non-metallic surfaces, such as in the case of metal surfaces, steel and more particularly stainless steel.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view, in elevation and in section, of a processing installation for implementing the method of the invention.
- Figure 2 is an elevational view in section of a housing or container which can be used for the implementation of the treatment method according to the invention.
- the activated species and the cold plasma containing these species are produced in a gaseous medium containing at least two of the carbon elements, nitrogen, boron and oxygen, that is to say at least two elements to form interstitials in the metal matrix of a workpiece.
- gaseous media can be obtained in various ways, for the implementation of the method of the invention.
- the gaseous medium may be a gaseous mixture consisting of N 2 molecular nitrogen gas and / or a compound containing nitrogen, a compound containing carbon and optionally at least one diluent gas such as hydrogen and / or a neutral gas.
- the nitrogen-containing compound may be, in addition to molecular nitrogen, a gaseous derivative of nitrogen.
- the carbon-containing compound may be a hydrocarbon, for example an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, a cyclane, an alkene, an alkyne, an alkane, and especially methane.
- the mixture of nitrogen and gaseous compounds containing carbon can be diluted with hydrogen or a neutral gas such as argon.
- a typical mixture that can be used is the mixture N 2 + H 2 + CH 4 .
- the gaseous medium containing carbon and nitrogen may also be consisting of a compound whose molecule contains both carbon and nitrogen, which can easily be obtained in the gaseous state.
- a compound can be for example an amine.
- Such a gaseous compound can be diluted with hydrogen or a neutral gas such as argon or any other other non-reactive diluent mixture.
- Activation of the gaseous medium to obtain a cold plasma containing activated species and in particular activated species containing at least both nitrogen and carbon can be achieved in different ways that will be indicated below.
- the cold plasma can be generated by an electric discharge between an anode and a cathode inside an enclosure enclosing the medium gaseous.
- the electric discharge can be carried out between the workpiece and part of the treatment plant at anodic potential or again, preferably, as will be explained later, between a container containing one or more pieces to be treated and a part of the treatment plant.
- Cold plasma can also be generated by a wave generator electromagnetic, for example a microwave generator or a generator radio frequency.
- a wave generator electromagnetic for example a microwave generator or a generator radio frequency.
- the plasma can be generated in the treatment chamber or outside the room treatment room.
- Activated species can still be generated in the mixture gaseous by other means.
- the pressure of the gaseous medium in which we generate the plasma or activated species is adapted to the generation mode activated species.
- the pressure of the gaseous medium is lower than the atmospheric pressure and for example less than 100 mbar.
- the pressure the gaseous medium is, for example, less than 100 mbar.
- the plasma is generated in such conditions that among the activated species, ie the ionized or neutral species excited, there is a notable proportion of species containing both nitrogen and carbon and especially the neutral species excited from the CN form whose reactivities are particularly high.
- the gaseous medium contains, in addition to nitrogen and carbon, oxygen, we also get the neutral excited species NOC also having a very good responsiveness.
- oxygen is an additive that can play the role of catalyst for the formation of complex activated species containing minus two elements of the interstitial type.
- the gaseous medium containing nitrogen and carbon may also be generated in situ, for example inside the treatment chamber, prior to or simultaneously with the formation of activated species used in the context of the invention.
- a gaseous mixture containing only nitrogen and optionally a dilution gas such as hydrogen and / or argon is introduced in the enclosure, in the form of a solid carbon target, for example graphite or a solid element containing carbon.
- the target is subjected, inside the treatment enclosure (or in a generator of plasma separated from the chamber), to an ion beam formed from the mixture gaseous nitrogen.
- the target could also be bombed by any other incident particle beam independent of the plasma formed at from the gaseous medium containing nitrogen.
- the bombing of the target has as a result a carbon sputtering and an emission of the carbon element in the gaseous medium or the plasma formed from the gaseous medium.
- energy must be communicated to the gaseous medium or to plasma to get a combination of carbon and nitrogen under form of activated species and in particular neutral species excited from the CN shape.
- a cold plasma generated from a gaseous medium containing carbon and nitrogen contains different ionized species and different neutral species that exhibit different behaviors when implementing treatment of the invention.
- the plasma generated for example by an electric discharge, contains ionized species such as for example N + , N 2 + , CN + , (CN) 2 + , C + and neutral excited species such as N, N 2 , NH, H, C, CN and (CN) 2 .
- the inventors have been able to show that among all these activated species, excited neutral species containing carbon and nitrogen, and particularly the CN excited neutral species showed a very high reactivity, for example in the case of the surface treatment of a stainless steel austenitic.
- the behavior quite exception of the neutral excited species CN that is to say of a neutral species excited, containing both nitrogen and carbon, allows for the consideration of surface treatments, under conditions of implementation that had not been could have considered so far and on parts that could not be processed by treatment methods using ionized species.
- the hardening treatment by nitrogen and carbon parts austenitic stainless steel can be at a temperature of between 200 ° C and 600 ° C, to avoid formation of precipitates, it is recommended to treat the parts in an interval temperatures between 300 ° C and 480 ° C and preferably between 300 ° C and 460 ° C.
- the treatment plant is constituted by an oven chamber 1, for example made in two parts 1a and 1b, separable from one another to carry out the loading of the oven and assembled to one another with the interposition of joints, so that the enclosure 2 of the oven is substantially gas-tight so as to prevent the air inlet into the oven, during the treatment.
- the enclosure of the furnace can be evacuated and filled with a gaseous mixture such as N 2 + H 2 + CH 4 , for example via a discharge nozzle 3 'and a filler nozzle 3.
- a gaseous mixture such as N 2 + H 2 + CH 4
- the enclosure 1 of the treatment furnace contains a support 4 on which can be arranged pieces to be treated 5.
- the support 4 is connected to a cathode terminal of an electric generator 6 whose second terminal, anodic, is electrically connected to the enclosure of oven 1.
- the support 4 and the parts or containers 5 arranged on the support 4 are thus brought to a cathodic potential with respect to the enclosure 1 which is at anodic potential.
- the generator 6 After carrying out the evacuation of the chamber 2 of the furnace 1 and its filling gas mixture N 2 + H 2 + CH 4 at a pressure less than 100 mbar, the generator 6 is put into operation so as to create a discharge abnormal luminescence between the cathode constituted by the containers 5 and the wall 1 of the treatment furnace.
- a plasma is generated around the containers 5, in the landfill luminescent.
- the landfill is controlled to produce activated species in the gas mixture and in particular the neutral excited species CN characteristics of the implementation of the method of the invention in a a gaseous mixture containing carbon and nitrogen.
- the rooms are heated and their temperature is regulated, throughout the duration of treatment, as will be described later.
- a renewal is also performed gases contained in the chamber 2, in a continuous manner, to regulate the pressure inside the chamber 2 and constantly supply nitrogen and necessary to generate the activated species used during the treatment.
- a plasma can not be propagate through a gap whose opening dimension is smaller to a length called Debye length which depends in particular on the nature and pressure of the gaseous medium of the plasma.
- the length of Debye is of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter.
- the inventors observed that in an extremely surprising way, in the case of a plasma obtained from a gaseous mixture containing both carbon and nitrogen, the surface treatment was carried out on surfaces not exposed to plasma and separated from the subject area to the plasma by a gap having an opening of a dimension not allowing not the ignition of a plasma.
- the inventors were able to show that this effect was due to the reactivity all exceptional and sustainable species activated with both carbon and nitrogen and in particular the neutral excited CN species.
- nitrogen and carbon is carried out by the excited neutral CN species, outside the field cold plasma.
- the inventors have also been able to observe that an increase effect of plasma activity is also obtained in the case of plasmas produced by microwaves or radiofrequency, in a gaseous medium containing carbon and nitrogen.
- a container 5 which comprises a body 5a, for example of cylindrical shape closed by a bottom, at a first end, and open, at a second end, and a lid 5b constituted by a simple metal plate resting on the open end of the body cylindrical 5a container 5.
- the container 5 is constituted under the shape of a simple cylindrical box having an attached plan lid and. laid on the end edge of the cylindrical body 5a.
- the container such as 5 has been used to make, inside the 2 furnace treatment chamber 1, the surface treatment of 7 arranged parts loose inside the container.
- Parts 7 are for example so-called “fast” fittings in 316L stainless steel.
- the body 5a and the lid 5b of the box cylindrical can be 316L stainless steel.
- the internal surface of the body 5a of the box and possibly the lid 5b can be coated an insulating material such as a ceramic.
- a container 5 having a solid wall or body 5a closed by a cover 5b placed on one end of the wall it is possible to use a container 5 having a wall pierced with a plurality of openings inside which shutter elements are engaged with a game low power not allowing the ignition of a plasma through the openings of Wall. It is also possible to place the container 5 made in the form of a box, for example cylindrical, in a retumed manner that it rests along the edge of its opening on a support ensuring an unsealed closure of the box.
- the container has at least one opening closed by a means of closing closing with the edge of the opening a non-zero game in the mechanical sense but important enough to let pass the species or species activated and sufficiently weak to prevent a plasma to penetrate inside the container.
- one or more housings 5 are arranged on the support 4 and brought to a cathodic potential within the treatment chamber.
- the residual clearance between the lid 5b and the body 5a of the containers 5 is smaller than the Debye length.
- a game e variable understood between one hundredth and three tenths of a millimeter, between the cover 5b and the body 5a of the containers due to the roughness of the surfaces and to a bearing force or variable tightening applied to the lid 5b.
- the opening of the gap e being much lower to the length of Debye, it can not happen a plasma ignition inside the container 5, when an electric discharge is produced between the containers 5 and the wall 1 of the oven.
- Ionized species such as N + and N 2 + and neutral excited species such as N, N 2 , NH can not be found in the active state inside the containers, because of their short lifetime not allowing not their transfer between the treatment chamber and the interior of the containers.
- Ionized species such as C + and neutral excited species such as C can also be found in the active state inside the containers, because of their short life not allowing their transfer between the enclosure of treatment and the interior of the containers.
- Species containing carbon and nitrogen and in particular the species neutral excited CN are found in the reactive state inside the container and realize the supply of nitrogen and / or carbon to the pieces 7, a gap of a few tenths of a millimeter allowing for example to prohibit ignition plasma while ensuring the passage of excited neutral species active.
- an opening gap size gap allowing the treatment without contact with the plasma for example between 0.01 and 0.3 mm, is not an absolute condition, some higher values to a few tenths of a millimeter allowing for example to prohibit the ignition of the plasma while ensuring the passage of neutral excited species.
- FIG. 2 there is shown a nozzle 8 of a container 5 which may be connected to a means for evacuating the gas mixture to the outside of the treatment chamber 2 of the oven. This promotes the introduction of gaseous mixture containing neutral species activated within the containers 5, when such a mode of evacuation via the containers is used.
- the treatment of the pieces 7 inside the container or containers 5 is achieved at a temperature which makes it possible to obtain a solid solution from one to less carbon and nitrogen interstitials in a surface layer of parts, without forming precipitates of carbide and nitride in this layer of surface.
- the treatment was carried out in a methane atmosphere and nitrogen diluted in hydrogen at a controlled temperature around 420 ° C, that is to say at a temperature between 300 ° C and 460 ° C.
- the treatment was carried out for periods of time between 24 hours and 48 hours, depending on the batch of parts processed.
- the treatment was also carried out inside containers 5, of pieces 7 consisting of austenitic stainless steel nuts, the treatment time being 18 hours and the temperature of about 420 ° C.
- the nuts thus treated had anti-seize characteristics while makes remarkable.
- the furnace Before filling the chamber 2 of the furnace 1, after depositing the container or containers 5 on the cathodic support and closing the oven, the furnace is evacuated for a time sufficient to reach a pressure lower than the treatment pressure.
- the chamber 2 of the furnace 1 is then filled with an N 2 + H 2 + CH 4 mixture at a pressure of less than 100 mbar.
- the treatment is carried out for a duration ranging from one hour to a few dozen hours.
- the treatment makes it possible to obtain a hardened layer by at least one interstitial having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, following the duration of the treatment.
- the hardened layer is a solid solution of interstitials in the metal matrix of the steel or a solid solution containing precipitates of carbides and nitrides.
- Heating limit temperature for a solid solution without precipitates is of the order of 460 ° C to 480 ° C.
- the heating of the containers can also be obtained by the electric discharge, the heating of parts 7 inside the containers being made by radiation and by conduction through the wall of the containers.
- the parts When the treatment is performed at a temperature greater than 460 ° C, the parts may have a beginning of sensitivity to corrosion, due to the appearance of nitrides and carbides in the solid solution. The degradation of the corrosion resistance becomes very sensitive from 480 ° C. Between 480 ° C and 600 ° C, corrosion resistance is no longer guaranteed but the piece has a very high hardness, which makes it possible to envisage some applications of treatment at temperatures above 480 ° C.
- the additional heating of the treatment chamber can be by any means other than heating resistors.
- the plasma is generated around the containers 5 but because of the small thickness e of the closing gap of the cover, the plasma can not ignite inside the containers on contact pieces. The parts are thus protected from any risk of deterioration by electric arcs.
- a surface treatment according to the invention carried out by the species activated species such as the neutral excited CN species, without contact with the plasma, therefore has many advantages.
- unitarily positioned parts can be processed or in bulk inside containers, parts stacked one on the other, the surfaces in contact with the parts of the stack being subjected treatment in the same way as apparent surfaces, or coiled coils whose interstice between the successive turns allows the passage of activated species such as CN.
- activated species such as CN.
- the pieces are arranged inside a container to isolate them and protect them against risks electric arcs.
- the container also makes it possible to obtain homogenization the temperature of the pieces.
- the temperature of the pieces can be precisely regulated, irrespective of the production of the species activated.
- the invention makes it possible to treat parts having very small cavities dimensions, for example channels or slots having a diameter or an opening width of 0.01 to 0.3 mm, the inner surface of which is cured by at least one interstitial. Such parts can not be obtained by traditional plasma nitriding treatment processes and are therefore characteristic of the invention.
- the inner surface of the container may or may not be conductive, so that the parts are polarized or not during the treatment. In in some cases, it will be possible to process parts inside containers internally coated with an insulating material, for example by a ceramic.
- the high reactivity of activated species of CN type makes it possible to use the process according to the invention for treating pieces of great length, by example to treat the inner or outer surface of large tubes length.
- the invention can be implemented in many ways, in concerning the nature, composition and method of obtaining the gaseous medium whose activation is achieved and with regard to the activation mode gaseous medium.
- the invention applies to the treatment of parts made of many materials, for example the treatment of steels or alloys having a structure cubic centered, centered or tetragonal cubic, for example austenitic, martensitic, ferritic or austenoferritic stainless steels or any other stainless steel or non-stainless steel that has a chrome greater than 8% or any structural steel weakly or strongly ally.
- the invention also applies to other steels and materials non-ferrous metals such as titanium, aluminum and their alloys, or nickel and / or cobalt alloys.
- a solution is homogeneous solid of carbon and or nitrogen in the metal alloy, depending on the conditions, in particular the thermal conditions, of the process, the carbon and nitrogen content being greater than 3 atoms% in the layer hardened surface, this content can even reach 50 atoms%. In general, it is preferable that this content be between 3 atoms% and 30 atoms% to obtain a good resistance to corrosion and a good hardening of steels.
- the treatment according to the invention can be applied to a large number of parts and in particular any mechanical part subject to wear in a corrosive environment.
- the invention can be applied in a advantageous for the production of materials used in the context of the food industry, the chemical industry, the iron and steel industry, the nuclear industry or the automotive industry, or used in marine or in biomedical applications.
- the invention has particularly interesting applications in the case of austenitic steels to resist scratching, for example stainless steel dishes, these dishes can be processed on the sheet metal starting, before stamping, or in the stamped state and in a stacked in the treatment chamber.
- Parts or objects treated by the process of the invention remain perfectly shiny and keep a beautiful appearance after treatment.
- austenitic stainless steels to keep the shiny appearance of parts or objects treated, it is however necessary to carry out the treatment at a temperature at most equal to 480 ° C.
- the invention can be advantageously applied to blades common objects in martensitic stainless steel such as knives or scalpels.
- the treatment can be applied to thin sheets in the unwound state or even wound in the form of coils.
- the invention applies to orthopedic implants.
- the invention also applies to valves, injectors motor vehicle fuel, to engine segments that can treated in a stacked state and turbine parts that are subject to corrosion by bites.
- the invention applies to any part such as valve, bushel, metal shutter valve, piston, cylinder, pump part (centrifugal, to pallet, gear, lobe), flow regulator part, regulator part pressure, solenoid valve part.
- the invention can be applied to control cluster rods pressurized water nuclear reactors.
- the treatment can be carried out on a strip or on a metal blank implemented after treatment. Treatment can be performed on parts arranged in a unitary manner in a container or arranged in bulk, in piles or coils.
- the surface treatment carried out on the metal part by the complex activated species may be, instead of hardening by interstitial, any other treatment intended to modify at least one property of surface of the metal part by interaction of the species or species activated with a superficial layer of the room.
- the following surface treatment the invention can be realized even on a passivated surface.
- the treatment according to the invention can be used for the treatment of non-metallic parts, for example ceramic parts, in particular glass, of rubber, of polymer plastic material whose surface properties by action of excited neutral species such as CN.
- the treatment according to the invention can implement one or more complex activated species with two or more elements among nitrogen, carbon, boron and oxygen.
- the hardened layer of pieces can include one or more interstitials such as carbon and nitrogen.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Description
Claims (21)
- Procédé de traitement de surface d'une pièce (7) consistant à mettre en contact avec une surface de la pièce (7), au moins une espèce chimique activée, caractérisé par le fait qu'on génère l'espèce chimique activée dans un milieu gazeux à une pression inférieure à 100 mbars contenant au moins deux des éléments carbone, azote, bore, oxygène, de telle sorte que cette espèce chimique soit constituée d'au moins deux des éléments carbone, azote, bore, oxygène, en générant un plasma dans le milieu gazeux à l'intérieur d'une enceinte de traitement (1) et à l'extérieur d'un conteneur (5) contenant la pièce à traiter communiquant avec l'enceinte de traitement (1) par un interstice dont la dimension d'ouverture (e) empêche un allumage de plasma à travers l'interstice (e), les espèces générées par le plasma restant réactives vis-à-vis de la surface de la pièce (7) après passage dans l'interstice.
- Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le milieu gazeux renferme, après activation, des espèces ionisées telles que N+ et N2 +, C+, CN+, (CN2)+ et des espèces neutres excitées telles que N, N2, NH, C, H, CN et (CN)2.
- Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'on génère, dans le milieu gazeux, un plasma par l'une des méthodes suivantes : décharge électrique, onde électromagnétique telle que micro-onde ou radio-fréquence, dans l'enceinte de traitement (1), à l'extérieur du conteneur (5) contenant la pièce à traiter (7).
- Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'interstice présente une dimension d'ouverture comprise entre 0,01 mm et 0,3 mm.
- Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que la pièce (7) est disposée à l'intérieur d'un conteneur (5) ayant au moins une ouverture refermée par un moyen ménageant avec le bord de l'ouverture un jeu non nul au sens mécanique mais suffisamment important pour laisser passer l'au moins une espèce réactive et suffisamment faible pour empêcher un plasma de pénétrer à l'intérieur du conteneur (5).
- Procédé suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que le conteneur (5) est réalisé sous la forme d'une boíte comprenant une paroi (5a) ayant au moins une ouverture fermée de manière non étanche par l'un des moyens suivants : couvercle (5b) posé sur une partie supérieure de la paroi autour de l'ouverture, moyen d'obturation engagé avec jeu dans l'ouverture, support sur lequel repose la boíte retournée, suivant le bord de l'ouverture.
- Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que la pièce (7) est placée avec une pluralité de pièces (7) dans au moins un conteneur (5).
- Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que le conteneur (5) est disposé dans une chambre de traitement (2) renfermant le milieu gazeux, dans lequel on produit un plasma par décharge électrique.
- Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait qu'on réalise une évacuation du milieu gazeux vers l'extérieur de la chambre de traitement (2), depuis l'intérieur du conteneur (5).
- Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que le milieu gazeux contient principalement du carbone et de l'azote, et que le carbone et l'azote sont présents dans le milieu gazeux sous la forme d'un composé dont la molécule contient à la fois l'élément carbone et l'élément azote, tel qu'une amine.
- Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que le milieu gazeux contient principalement du carbone et de l'azote, et qu'il est obtenu en bombardant une cible de carbone, par exemple en graphite, par un faisceau de particules, en présence d'un gaz contenant de l'azote.
- Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que le milieu gazeux renferme un gaz de dilution pris parmi l'hydrogène et/ou un gaz neutre.
- Procédé suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que le milieu gazeux est un mélange N2 + H2 + CH4.
- Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé par le fait que la pièce (7) est métallique et qu'on porte et qu'on maintient la pièce métallique (7) à une température permettant la diffusion d'au moins un élément interstitiel pris parmi l'un des éléments carbone, azote, bore et oxygène apporté à la surface de la pièce métallique (7) par l'au moins une espèce activée, à l'intérieur d'une couche de surface de la pièce métallique (7).
- Procédé suivant la revendication 14, caractérisé par le fait qu'on porte et qu'on maintient la pièce métallique (7) à une température comprise entre 200°C et 600°C et de préférence entre 300°C et 480°C ou mieux entre 300°C et 460°C, dans le cas où la pièce métallique est en acier inoxydable austénitique.
- Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé par le fait que la pièce est métallique en l'un des matériaux suivants : acier de construction faiblement ou fortement allié, acier inoxydable austénitique, martensitique, ferritique ou austéno-ferritique, acier ayant une teneur en chrome supérieure à 8 % en masse, alliage à base de nickel, alliage à base de cobalt, aluminium, alliage d'aluminium, titane, alliage de titane.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé en ce que la pièce constitue l'un des objets suivants : plat en acier inoxydable, lame de couteau, lame de bistouri, tôle mince, bobine de tôle, implant orthopédique, soupape, segment de moteur, pièce de turbine, tube à surface externe ou interne durcie par des interstitiels, vanne, boisseau, obturateur métallique, robinet, piston, cylindre, pièce de pompe (centrifuge, à palette, à engrenage, à lobe), pièce de régulateur de débit, pièce de régulateur de pression, pièce d'électrovanne, crayon de grappe de commande de réacteur nucléaire à eau sous pression.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que la pièce est en un matériau non métallique tel qu'un verre, une céramique, un caoutchouc, un matériau plastique polymère
- Pièce obtenue par un procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte au moins une cavité d'une dimension d'ouverture comprise entre 0,01 mm et 0,3 mm ayant une couche de surface durcie par au moins un interstitiel constitué par l'un au moins des éléments carbone, azote, bore et oxygène.
- Pièce métallique suivant la revendication 19 constituant un injecteur ou une rampe d'injection de carburant d'un véhicule automobile.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0005058A FR2807956B1 (fr) | 2000-04-19 | 2000-04-19 | Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece et piece obtenue |
FR0005058 | 2000-04-19 | ||
PCT/FR2001/001192 WO2001079579A1 (fr) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-18 | Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece et piece obtenue |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1274873A1 EP1274873A1 (fr) | 2003-01-15 |
EP1274873B1 true EP1274873B1 (fr) | 2005-08-10 |
Family
ID=8849427
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP01927996A Expired - Lifetime EP1274873B1 (fr) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-18 | Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece et piece obtenue |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7074460B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1274873B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE301734T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60112564T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2247100T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2807956B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001079579A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060237398A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2006-10-26 | Dougherty Mike L Sr | Plasma-assisted processing in a manufacturing line |
US7638727B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2009-12-29 | Btu International Inc. | Plasma-assisted heat treatment |
US7560657B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2009-07-14 | Btu International Inc. | Plasma-assisted processing in a manufacturing line |
JP3891433B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-15 | 2007-03-14 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料噴射弁 |
FR2888586B1 (fr) * | 2005-07-13 | 2008-01-11 | Nitruvid Snc | Procede de traitement d'une piece en titane ou alliage de titane et piece obtenue |
LU92514B1 (fr) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-09 | Plasma Metal S A | Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece en acier inoxydable |
US11492691B2 (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2022-11-08 | The Boeing Company | Case hardened titanium parts and method for making the same |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1132492A2 (fr) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-12 | Wolff Walsrode AG | Matériaux en forme de bandes traitées par plasma |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS51117934A (en) * | 1975-04-09 | 1976-10-16 | Fujikoshi Kk | Droppinggtype gas carburizing furnace |
DE4124600A1 (de) | 1991-07-25 | 1993-01-28 | Continental Ag | Vorrichtung zum herstellen von kautschukmischungen |
GB2261227B (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1995-01-11 | Univ Hull | Surface treatment of metals |
FR2726135B1 (fr) * | 1994-10-25 | 1997-01-17 | Suisse Electronique Microtech | Dispositif de commutation |
FR2747398B1 (fr) * | 1996-04-12 | 1998-05-15 | Nitruvid | Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece metallique |
ATE256761T1 (de) * | 1997-04-18 | 2004-01-15 | Plasma Metal S A | Verfahren und ofen zum nitrieren |
GB9715180D0 (en) * | 1997-07-19 | 1997-09-24 | Univ Birmingham | Process for the treatment of austenitic stainless steel articles |
JP4109356B2 (ja) * | 1998-08-20 | 2008-07-02 | 学校法人 龍谷大学 | 結晶質の窒化炭素膜を形成する方法 |
DE59804942C5 (de) | 1998-10-28 | 2020-11-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Mikromechanisches bauelement mit schwingkörper |
-
2000
- 2000-04-19 FR FR0005058A patent/FR2807956B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-18 DE DE60112564T patent/DE60112564T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-18 US US10/240,331 patent/US7074460B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-18 AT AT01927996T patent/ATE301734T1/de active
- 2001-04-18 WO PCT/FR2001/001192 patent/WO2001079579A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-18 EP EP01927996A patent/EP1274873B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-18 ES ES01927996T patent/ES2247100T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1132492A2 (fr) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-12 | Wolff Walsrode AG | Matériaux en forme de bandes traitées par plasma |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1274873A1 (fr) | 2003-01-15 |
US20040045636A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
DE60112564D1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
DE60112564T2 (de) | 2006-02-16 |
FR2807956A1 (fr) | 2001-10-26 |
WO2001079579B1 (fr) | 2002-03-21 |
WO2001079579A1 (fr) | 2001-10-25 |
US7074460B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 |
ES2247100T3 (es) | 2006-03-01 |
FR2807956B1 (fr) | 2003-10-24 |
ATE301734T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
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