WO2001078732A1 - Solution pour perfusion stable au stockage a base de ciprofloxacine - Google Patents
Solution pour perfusion stable au stockage a base de ciprofloxacine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001078732A1 WO2001078732A1 PCT/EP2001/004163 EP0104163W WO0178732A1 WO 2001078732 A1 WO2001078732 A1 WO 2001078732A1 EP 0104163 W EP0104163 W EP 0104163W WO 0178732 A1 WO0178732 A1 WO 0178732A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- active ingredient
- acid
- infusion solutions
- infusion
- mol
- Prior art date
Links
- MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ciprofloxacin Chemical compound C12=CC(N3CCNCC3)=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)O)=CN1C1CC1 MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000003978 infusion fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229960003405 ciprofloxacin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- DHCLVCXQIBBOPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol 2-phosphate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OP(O)(O)=O DHCLVCXQIBBOPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 alkaline earth metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol 1-phosphate Chemical compound OCC(O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RGOFBPTWSOFRNJ-BTVCFUMJSA-N (2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;phosphono dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O RGOFBPTWSOFRNJ-BTVCFUMJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RNBGYGVWRKECFJ-ZXXMMSQZSA-N alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@](O)(COP(O)(O)=O)O[C@@H]1COP(O)(O)=O RNBGYGVWRKECFJ-ZXXMMSQZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940025237 fructose 1,6-diphosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical class CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229960004838 phosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 5
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960004275 glycolic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012601 sub-visual particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYZZKVRWGOWVGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol-phosphate Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O.OCC(O)CO XYZZKVRWGOWVGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960000250 adipic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatine Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])N(C)CC([O-])=O CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000448 lactic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRBJWZSFNGZBFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1-ylquinoline-3-carboxylic acid;2-hydroxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O.C12=CC(N3CCNCC3)=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)O)=CN1C1CC1 NRBJWZSFNGZBFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-OH-Asp Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N L-Aspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)[C@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008156 Ringer's lactate solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-RSJOWCBRSA-N aldehydo-D-galacturonic acid Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-RSJOWCBRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-QTBDOELSSA-N aldehydo-D-glucuronic acid Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-QTBDOELSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004055 ciprofloxacin lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229960003624 creatine Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-L glycerol 1-phosphate(2-) Chemical compound OCC(O)COP([O-])([O-])=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007951 isotonicity adjuster Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-VKHMYHEASA-N sn-glycerol 1-phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/08—Solutions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to storage-stable infusion solutions of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7- (1-piperazinyl) -quinoline-3-carboxylic acid, containing 0.015 to 0.5 g of the active ingredient mentioned 100 ml of aqueous solution and a sufficient amount of a physiologically acceptable acid to dissolve the active ingredient and to stabilize the solution.
- the invention further relates to the method for producing and using such infusion solutions.
- the invention describes ready-to-use infusion solutions as well as other dosage forms which are introduced into such infusion solutions before application, the active ingredient being 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7- (1-piperazinyl) -quinoline-3-carboxylic acid is known as ciprofloxacin.
- EP-A-0049 355 protects i.a. Medicines containing 7-amino-l-cyclopropyl-4-oxo-l, 4-dihydronaphtyridine-3-carboxylic acid.
- EP-A-0 078 362 protects 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-piperazino-quinoline-3-carboxylic acids.
- the active ingredients known from the two EPs have high antibacterial effects and are suitable as medicaments for combating bacterial infections in humans and animals.
- the known compounds are not or only very little suitable for producing infusion and / or injection solutions because, for example, the pH and / or the solubility and / or the shelf life, in particular with regard to excretions, of the ready-to-use infusion and / or injection solutions do not meet the pharmaceutical requirements for such solutions.
- DE 33 33 719 AI discloses solutions of the lactic acid salts of piperazinyl-quinolonic and / or -azaquinolonecarboxylic acids which, in addition to the lactic acid salts mentioned and optionally conventional auxiliaries, additionally contain at least one acid which does not lead to precipitation.
- acids which do not lead to precipitation include lactic acid, methanesulfonic acid, propionic acid or succinic acid, although lactic acid is by far preferred.
- the lactic acid content of the infusion solutions according to DE 33 33 719 AI can carry 0.1 to 90%.
- the lactic acid content of the solution to be applied can be 0.1 to 10%.
- EP-A-0 219 784 The problems occurring according to DE 33 33 719 AI (corresponds to EP-A 0 138 018) are tried to be avoided by EP-A-0 219 784 by providing infusion solutions of ciprofloxacin which contain 0.015 to 0.5 g of the active ingredient per 100 ml of aqueous solution and, depending on the active substance concentration, 0.9 to 5.0 mol, based on 1 mol of active substance, of one or more physiologically tolerated acids.
- the infusion solutions according to EP-A 0 219 784 contain, in addition to the active ingredient, water and other customary formulation auxiliaries, an amount of one or more acids from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, methanesulfonic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, sufficient to dissolve the active ingredient and stabilize the solution.
- hydrochloric acid methanesulfonic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid
- Citric acid fumaric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, glutamic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, ascorbic acid, phosphoric acid, adipic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, Acetic acid, malic acid, L-aspartic acid and lactic acid.
- the reduction of the amount of acid to be used for stabilization is of fundamental interest, especially when the stability of infusion solutions is comparable.
- EP-A-0 287 926 relates to parenterally administrable solutions of quinolonecarboxylic acids, i.a. Ciprofloxacin, where it is proposed to use particularly pure main active ingredient components to improve storage stability.
- EP-A-0 287 926 relates to such parenterally administrable solutions in which no more than 1 to 10 ppm, based on the main active component (ciprofloxacin) of the solution, are present on secondary components (“impurities” of the active ingredient)
- secondary components carried in by the main active ingredient in the infusion solution succeed in reducing the excretions from the infusion solutions (cloudiness during storage) in accordance with EP-A-0 287 926.
- reducing the secondary components is a relatively complex operation.
- the publication DE 197 03 023 A discloses that the number of detectable particles is reduced by using glass bottles which have a silicone coating on the inner surface. This can further improve the shelf life of high-purity infusion solutions. It can therefore be assumed that the formation of precipitates is due to the number of particles that are inherently present. The more particles there are, the more particles are formed. This accelerates the formation of particles over time.
- EP-A-0 219 784 lists, inter alia, lactic acid, phosphoric acid, adipic acid, hydroxyacetic acid and sulfuric acid as possible auxiliaries in an amount of 0.9 to 5 mol per 1 mol of active ingredient, these alternatives are completely missing in EP 0 219 784 B1 , wherein the amount of acid (s) according to EP 0 219 784 B should be between 1.04 and 2.2 moles per 1 mole. Hydroxyacetic acid and phosphoric acid in substoichiometric amounts do not give usable results. In this respect, the successful use of sulfuric acid was not obvious, at least not in the amount according to the invention of less than 0.9 mol per 1 mol of active ingredient.
- those infusion solutions are of particular interest which are distinguished by the fact that the total sulfuric acid content is less than 0.8 mol based on 1 mol of ciprofloxacin (active ingredient). Also very particularly preferred are infusion solutions in which the total sulfuric acid content is less than 0.6 mol per 1 mol of active ingredient. Quite unexpectedly, it has also been found that the use of sulfuric acid together with certain additional acids enables infusion solutions of ciprofloxacin in which the stabilization is superadditive, quasi synergistic.
- Special infusion solutions are characterized in that they have an additional acid, in addition to sulfuric acid, a mono- or diester of orthophosphoric acid with glycerol or a higher-value physiologically compatible sugar such as glucose, sucrose, fructose or sugar alcohol such as sorbitol, mannitol or xylitol, the total content of sulfuric acid and additional acid is less than 1.04 mol per 1 mol of active ingredient.
- the acid to be used for additional stabilization of the infusion solutions of ciprofloxacin is particularly preferably glycerol esters of orthophosphoric acid.
- Monoglycerin orthophosphoric acid esters are particularly preferred.
- infusion solutions in which, in addition to sulfuric acid, the acid (s) glycerol-1-phosphate, glycerol-2-phosphate or a mixture of the glycerol-phosphoric acid monoesters is or are.
- Diphosphates are also particularly suitable acids. These include in particular glucose diphosphate and fructose 1,6-diphosphate. The acids mentioned are about as strong as phosphoric acid.
- additions of glycerol 1-phosphate, glycerol 2-phosphate, glucose diphosphate and / or fructose 1,6-diphosphate significantly exceed phosphoric acid in terms of improving the storage stability.
- the minimum amount of acid required per mole of active ingredient to dissolve naturally also depends on the active ingredient concentration and the acid (s) used and is therefore not constant. It should also be noted that the information in the amounts of acid relates only to the amounts which, according to generally known basic chemical rules, are not converted into the corresponding salt (s) by adding bases. Dissociation of the acids was not taken into account in the quantities, so that they relate to the dissociated and undissociated quantity of acids.
- the infusion solutions according to the invention can also contain further formulation agents such as complexing agents, antioxidants, isotonizing agents and / or agents for adjusting the pH.
- the osmolality of the infusion solutions is 0.20 to 0.70 Osm / kg, preferably 0.26 to 0.39 Osm / kg and is adjusted by isotonic agents such as NaCl, mannitol, glucose, sucrose and glycerol or mixtures of such substances. If necessary, substances can also be used that are contained in common, commercially available infusion carrier solutions.
- the usual infusion carrier solutions include infusion solutions with an electrolyte supply without carbohydrates such as saline, Ringer's lactate solution, etc. and those with carbohydrates and solutions for the supply of amino acids, each with and without carbohydrate content.
- infusion carrier solutions are in Rote Liste 1998, list of finished medicinal products of the members of the Federal Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry, Editio Cantor, Aulendorf / Württ. listed.
- infusion solutions which, in addition to water, active ingredient and other formulation auxiliaries, contain such an amount of sodium chloride or other auxiliaries customary for isotonization that a solution which is isotonic or slightly hypotonic or hypertonic with the tissue fluid of the human or animal body is present.
- the infusion solutions according to the invention have a pH of 3.0 to 5.2. pH values of 3.6 to 4.7 and 3.9 to 4.5 are preferred. PH values in the range from 4.1 to 4.3 are very particularly preferred.
- the infusion solutions according to the invention can be present in dosage units suitable for infusion with removable contents of 40 to 600 ml, preferably 50 to 120 ml.
- the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of infusion solutions according to the independent claim relating to the infusion solutions, which is characterized in that a suitable amount of the active ingredient, optionally in the form of a salt such as alkali or alkaline earth metal salt or addition salt, a hydrate or a hydrate of the salt or in the form of mixtures of these salts or hydrates, with a quantity of sulfuric acid and optionally a physiologically compatible monoester or diester of orthophosphoric acid or a mixture of several physiologically compatible monoester or diester derivatives of orthophosphoric acid, the total amount of acid being less than 0.9 Mole per 1 mole of active ingredient, optionally adding formulation auxiliaries and filling up with water or a conventional infusion carrier solution in such a way that a concentration range of 0.015 to 0.5 g is established for the active ingredient, be when using an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of the active ingredient, the amounts required for dissolution are also contained in the amounts necessary for neutralizing the active ingredient ani
- the solutions correspond to the properties already listed with regard to pH, amounts of acid and osmolality.
- an acid whose anion corresponds to the anion of the active ingredient salt or of the salt hydrate.
- the pH of the infusion solutions according to the invention can be adjusted to the above-mentioned values with (physiologically) compatible acids and / or bases, i.e. Set 3.0 to 5.2, especially 3.6 to 4.7.
- the solutions or only a part thereof can be slightly warmed, preferably to temperatures between 20 ° C and 80 ° C
- the solutions according to the invention can be produced particularly economically using concentrated solutions.
- the amounts of active ingredient required for a batch with the main amount of acid required for the batch e.g. 95% based on molar basis
- This concentrate is then diluted.
- any other auxiliary substances - such as Table salt for isotonization - added, as well as the possibly missing amount of acid.
- the solution After the solution has been prepared, it is generally filtered in order to remove most of the particles. Suitable filtering methods are known per se, so that reference can be made to the prior art. The number of particles is limited to what is medically necessary and economically sensible. These data and suitable methods are known from specialist books.
- the solutions according to the invention show a high storage stability, which is not limited by the number of particles.
- the effort as described in documents EP 0 287 926 and DE-A-197 30 23 to make the solutions durable can be dispensed with.
- Example 1 was essentially repeated. However, the solution obtained was not filled into a glass bottle but into a polyolefin-based bag, which is also suitable for medical purposes.
- the solution thus obtained was filtered like Example 1, filled into a glass bottle for medical purposes and then sterilized at 121 ° C.
- the sterile solution thus obtained was stored at room temperature for 2 months and regularly checked visually. After two months there was a visually detectable crystal formation. The attempt was then stopped.
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Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001273941A AU2001273941A1 (en) | 2000-04-15 | 2001-04-11 | Ciprofloxacin infusion solutions having a good storage stability |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10018783.8 | 2000-04-15 | ||
DE10018783A DE10018783A1 (de) | 2000-04-15 | 2000-04-15 | Lagerstabile Infusionslösung des Ciprofloxacins mit verringertem Säuregehalt |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001078732A1 true WO2001078732A1 (fr) | 2001-10-25 |
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ID=7638903
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2001/004163 WO2001078732A1 (fr) | 2000-04-15 | 2001-04-11 | Solution pour perfusion stable au stockage a base de ciprofloxacine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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AU (1) | AU2001273941A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE10018783A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001078732A1 (fr) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002026233A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-04 | Fresenius Kabi Deutschland Gmbh | Solution pour perfusion de ciprofloxacine stable au stockage et a teneur reduite en acide |
DE102004005186B3 (de) * | 2004-02-02 | 2005-10-13 | Krka Tovarna Zdravil, D.D. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gereinigtem Ciprofloxacin |
US7629460B2 (en) | 2004-08-25 | 2009-12-08 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Dihydropteridione derivatives, process for their manufacture and their use as medicament |
US7728134B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2010-06-01 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Hydrates and polymorphs of 4[[(7R)-8-cyclopentyl-7-ethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-2-pteridinyl]amino]-3-methoxy-N-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-benzamide, process for their manufacture and their use as medicament |
US7750152B2 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2010-07-06 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg | Intermediate compounds for making dihydropteridinones useful as pharmaceutical compositions and processes of making the same |
US7759347B2 (en) | 2004-06-21 | 2010-07-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 2-benzylaminodihydropteridinones, process for their manufacture and use thereof as medicaments |
US7759485B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2010-07-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the manufacture of dihydropteridinones |
EP1778238B1 (fr) * | 2004-08-14 | 2011-10-12 | Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH | Solutions de perfusion de dihydropteridinones stables au stockage |
US8058270B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2011-11-15 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Dihydropteridinones for the treatment of cancer diseases |
USRE43115E1 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2012-01-17 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the manufacture of fused piperazin-2-one derivatives |
US8143247B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2012-03-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Combinations for the treatment of diseases involving cell proliferation |
US8188086B2 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2012-05-29 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Specific salt, anhydrous and crystalline form of a dihydropteridione derivative |
US8193188B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2012-06-05 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Methods of using pyridodihydropyrazinones |
US8329695B2 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2012-12-11 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Crystalline form of the free base N-[trans-4-[4-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexyl]-4-[[(7r)-7-ethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-methyl-8-(1-methylethyl)-6-oxo-2-pteridinyl]amino]-3-methoxy-benzamide |
US8546566B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 | 2013-10-01 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for manufacturing dihydropteridinones and intermediates thereof |
US9358233B2 (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2016-06-07 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Method for treating acute myeloid leukemia |
US9370535B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2016-06-21 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Method for treatment of advanced solid tumors |
US9867831B2 (en) | 2014-10-01 | 2018-01-16 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Combination treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome |
US9956225B2 (en) | 2013-07-26 | 2018-05-01 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome |
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EP0219784A2 (fr) * | 1985-10-24 | 1987-04-29 | Bayer Ag | Solutions d'infusion de l'acide 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-pipérazinyl)-chinolone-3-carboxylique |
WO1990001933A1 (fr) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-08 | Alcon Laboratories, Inc. | Combinaison d'un antibiotique de quinolone et de steroides pour utilisation ophtalmique locale |
-
2000
- 2000-04-15 DE DE10018783A patent/DE10018783A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-04-11 WO PCT/EP2001/004163 patent/WO2001078732A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2001-04-11 AU AU2001273941A patent/AU2001273941A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
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EP0219784A2 (fr) * | 1985-10-24 | 1987-04-29 | Bayer Ag | Solutions d'infusion de l'acide 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-pipérazinyl)-chinolone-3-carboxylique |
WO1990001933A1 (fr) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-08 | Alcon Laboratories, Inc. | Combinaison d'un antibiotique de quinolone et de steroides pour utilisation ophtalmique locale |
Cited By (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002026233A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-04 | Fresenius Kabi Deutschland Gmbh | Solution pour perfusion de ciprofloxacine stable au stockage et a teneur reduite en acide |
US7786299B2 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2010-08-31 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg | Methods for treating diseases or conditions using dihydropteridinone compounds |
US8003786B2 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2011-08-23 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg | Dihydropteridinone compounds |
US7816530B2 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2010-10-19 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg | Piperazinyl compounds |
US7750152B2 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2010-07-06 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg | Intermediate compounds for making dihydropteridinones useful as pharmaceutical compositions and processes of making the same |
DE102004005186B3 (de) * | 2004-02-02 | 2005-10-13 | Krka Tovarna Zdravil, D.D. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gereinigtem Ciprofloxacin |
US7759347B2 (en) | 2004-06-21 | 2010-07-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 2-benzylaminodihydropteridinones, process for their manufacture and use thereof as medicaments |
US8193188B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2012-06-05 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Methods of using pyridodihydropyrazinones |
US8445675B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2013-05-21 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Storage stable perfusion solution for dihydropteridinones |
US8143247B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2012-03-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Combinations for the treatment of diseases involving cell proliferation |
US8591895B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2013-11-26 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Combinations for the treatment of diseases involving cell proliferation |
US7728134B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2010-06-01 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Hydrates and polymorphs of 4[[(7R)-8-cyclopentyl-7-ethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-2-pteridinyl]amino]-3-methoxy-N-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-benzamide, process for their manufacture and their use as medicament |
US8202867B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2012-06-19 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Methods of using hydrates and polymorphs of 4-[[(7R)-8-cyclopentyl-7-ethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-2-pteridinyl]amino]-3-methoxy-N-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-benzamide |
US8034816B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2011-10-11 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Hydrates and polymorphs of 4-[[(7R)-8-cyclopentyl-7-ethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-2-pteridinyl]amino]-3-methoxy-N-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-benzamide, process for their manufacture and their use as medicament |
EP1778238B1 (fr) * | 2004-08-14 | 2011-10-12 | Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH | Solutions de perfusion de dihydropteridinones stables au stockage |
US8058270B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2011-11-15 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Dihydropteridinones for the treatment of cancer diseases |
US7759485B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2010-07-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the manufacture of dihydropteridinones |
US8138341B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2012-03-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Intermediate compounds useful for the manufacture of dihydropteridinones |
US8138373B2 (en) | 2004-08-14 | 2012-03-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the manufacture of dihydropteridinones |
US7700769B2 (en) | 2004-08-25 | 2010-04-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Dihydropteridione derivatives, process for their manufacture and their use as medicament |
US7723517B2 (en) | 2004-08-25 | 2010-05-25 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Dihydropteridione derivatives, process for their manufacture and their use as medicament |
US7629460B2 (en) | 2004-08-25 | 2009-12-08 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Dihydropteridione derivatives, process for their manufacture and their use as medicament |
US7807831B2 (en) | 2004-08-25 | 2010-10-05 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Dihydropteridione derivatives, process for their manufacture and their use as medicament |
USRE43115E1 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2012-01-17 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the manufacture of fused piperazin-2-one derivatives |
US8664222B2 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2014-03-04 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Specific salt, anhydrous and crystalline form of a dihydropteridione derivative |
US8188086B2 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2012-05-29 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Specific salt, anhydrous and crystalline form of a dihydropteridione derivative |
US8329695B2 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2012-12-11 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Crystalline form of the free base N-[trans-4-[4-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexyl]-4-[[(7r)-7-ethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-methyl-8-(1-methylethyl)-6-oxo-2-pteridinyl]amino]-3-methoxy-benzamide |
US8546566B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 | 2013-10-01 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for manufacturing dihydropteridinones and intermediates thereof |
US9358233B2 (en) | 2010-11-29 | 2016-06-07 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Method for treating acute myeloid leukemia |
US9370535B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2016-06-21 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Method for treatment of advanced solid tumors |
US9956225B2 (en) | 2013-07-26 | 2018-05-01 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome |
US9867831B2 (en) | 2014-10-01 | 2018-01-16 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Combination treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10018783A1 (de) | 2001-10-25 |
AU2001273941A1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
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