WO2001029908A9 - Transparente organische elektrolumineszenzanordnungen - Google Patents
Transparente organische elektrolumineszenzanordnungenInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001029908A9 WO2001029908A9 PCT/EP2000/010312 EP0010312W WO0129908A9 WO 2001029908 A9 WO2001029908 A9 WO 2001029908A9 EP 0010312 W EP0010312 W EP 0010312W WO 0129908 A9 WO0129908 A9 WO 0129908A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- arrangement according
- polymer solution
- electroluminescent arrangement
- fluorescent
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920001109 fluorescent polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 poly (p -phenylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001088 polycarbazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 2
- WPSLIYHLHUWYEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-[[2-(2-phenylethenyl)phenyl]methoxy]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WPSLIYHLHUWYEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005267 main chain polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSIDSMUTXFKNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perylene red Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1N(C(=O)C=1C2=C3C4=C(OC=5C=CC=CC=5)C=1)C(=O)C2=CC(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)=C3C(C(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)=CC1=C2C(C(N(C=3C(=CC=CC=3C(C)C)C(C)C)C1=O)=O)=C1)=C2C4=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZZSIDSMUTXFKNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001082241 Lythrum hyssopifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000109 alkoxy-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001552 radio frequency sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical group SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/805—Electrodes
- H10K59/8052—Cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/302—Details of OLEDs of OLED structures
- H10K2102/3023—Direction of light emission
- H10K2102/3031—Two-side emission, e.g. transparent OLEDs [TOLED]
Definitions
- the invention relates to new transparent organic electroluminescent arrangements for use in display and display technology.
- Organic electroluminescent displays are already known in the prior art. They have a polymer layer or a layer composed of low-molecular building blocks, which is located between two electrical contacts or electrodes. Such electroluminescent displays are described, for example, in Burroughes, J.H., Bradley, D.D.C., Brown, A.R., Marks, R.N. , Mackay, K., Friend, R.H., Burns, P.L. and Holmes, A.B., Nature 347 (1990) 539 and Tang, C.W. and van Slyke, S.A., Appl. Phys. Lett. 51 (1987) 12, 913.
- One of the electrical contacts is chosen to be transparent (ITO), for the other a metal with a low work function for electrons is used (aluminum, calcium or magnesium / silver).
- ITO transparent
- a metal with a low work function for electrons is used (aluminum, calcium or magnesium / silver).
- the low molecular weight building blocks are often evaporated, the polymers processed from the solution, for example spin-coated or applied by dipping (film-casting) or by means of a doctor blade technique.
- the task with these processes is to apply the polymer film very thinly (approx. 100 nm), as homogeneously and uniformly as possible.
- the radiation of the display is based on the reflection of the light on the metal electrode.
- the light is then emitted through the transparent ITO electrode.
- the otherwise reflective metal electrode must also be made transparent.
- transparent aluminum electrodes approximately 10 to 30 nm
- the problem lies in the low conductivity of such a thin aluminum electrode, which makes it impossible to operate the display in a stable manner because contacting is very difficult. Therefore, Gu et al. in Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 (1996) 19, 2606 suggested first to vapor-deposit an electrode made of an alloy of magnesium and silver, which is then coated with a transparent but very conductive ITO electrode.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an electroluminescent arrangement which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages.
- the invention relates to an electroluminescent arrangement which comprises two transparent electrical contacts applied to a substrate and a fluorescent polymer solution located between the contacts and a seal.
- FIG. denotes (3) a transparent substrate, preferably a glass substrate, onto which transparent electrical contacts (2) or transparent electrodes (ITO) are applied, (1) the fluorescent polymer solution and (4) a seal that prevents the solution from drying out and prevents the diffusion of oxygen and water vapor into the electroluminescent device.
- a transparent substrate preferably a glass substrate
- ITO transparent electrodes
- the electroluminescent arrangement according to the invention has the advantage over known arrangements that the electrodes of the display can consist of the same material composition. Due to the symmetrical injection of the charge carriers, the electroluminescent arrangement according to the invention can be operated both with a DC voltage of different polarity and with AC voltage. Finally, the transparent organic electroluminescent arrangement according to the invention is characterized by a high degree of reliability and reproducibility, a significantly lower technical outlay and lower costs in production and operation, so that new fields of application are opened up. can be sen.
- the electroluminescent arrangement according to the invention can be characterized as a transparent display which, when switched off, has a transmission of over 80% (average value).
- the function of the display is based on the effect that a fluorescent polymer solution, which is located between two electrodes, which are at a distance of 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, can be excited for electroluminescence.
- a high photoluminescence quantum yield in the polymer solution is necessary for a sufficiently large electroluminescence in such a transparent electroluminescence arrangement. It is particularly advantageous in the structure according to the invention that the fluorescence quantum yield in a solution is significantly greater than in a polymer layer produced from a solution.
- a “fluorescent polymer solution” is understood to mean a solution of a polymer which has fluorescence properties or a polymer which contains conjugated segments which can transfer charges, with low molecular weight fluorescent dyes being added to the solution in addition to this polymer.
- the decisive factor here is that the solution can be excited to electroluminescence as well as being able to transmit the charges injected via the contacts.
- Both fluorescent conjugated polymers and polymers with isolated chromophores in the main and / or side chain are suitable as polymer materials.
- the chromophoric groups are EI electron systems.
- a conjugated polymer refers to macromolecules which have the ability to delocalize EI electrons along the polymer chain, so that they indicate semiconducting properties.
- Polymers which have these properties and can be used according to the invention include organo-soluble, substituted poly (p-arylene vinylene) derivatives, polyfluorene, polycarbazoles, poly (arylene-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles), conductor polymers, eg Pol (p-phenylene) derivatives and polythiophenes.
- poly (p-arylene vinylene) derivatives include in Bing R. Hsieh, Yuan Yu, Anita C. Van Laeken, Hookun Lee, Macromolecules 30 (1997) 8094 and S. Janietz, R. Friedrich, A. Wedel, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 200 (1999) 731.
- Polyfluorenes which can be used in the polymer solution of the electroluminescent arrangement according to the invention are described, for example, in N.H. Cho, J.K. Kim, D.Y. Kim, C.Y. Kim, Polym. Prepr. 38 (1997), 357, 417.
- R is n-hexyl, poly (9, 9 '-di-n-hexyl-2, 7-fluorodiylvinylene-alt-1, 3-phenylene vinylene (PDHFMPV) of the formula
- R is as defined above, and poly (9-n-hexyl-2, 7-fluoro-diyl-vinylene-alt-1, 3-phenylene vinylene) of the formula
- R is also n-hexyl.
- polycarbazoles with the following structural formulas can be used:
- polystyrene resin Another class of polymers that can be used for this purpose are the poly (arylene-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles). These are described, for example, in German patent application 198 40 195.7.
- aromatic poly- (1, 3,4-heterodiazoles) comprising 100 to 1000 repeating units, selected from the group consisting of
- R, R, R and R may be the same or different and each represents an alkyl, alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy or thiophenol group and X represents S, 0 or N-phenyl.
- conductor polymers e.g. Poly (p-phenylene) derivatives and polythiophenes, as already mentioned, can be used to prepare the polymer solution.
- These polymers are described, for example, in U. Scherf, K. Müllen, Macromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. 12 (1991) 489 and J. Roneali, Chem. Rev. 97 (1997) 173.
- R 1 is C 6 H 4 -C 10 H 21 and R 2 is C 6 H 13 .
- Polymaterials with isolated chromophores include both polymers with chromophoric side chains and main chain polymers with isolated chromophoric units, which can also be used as active emitter materials in the solution.
- poly (p- (stilbenylmethoxy) styrene) of the formula can in particular be used according to the invention
- organic solvents in which the abovementioned polymers have a corresponding solubility can be used as the organic solvent for producing the polymer solution.
- examples of such solvents are toluene, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide and corresponding mixtures.
- polar solvents is preferred.
- the concentration of the polymer in the solvent is generally 0.5 to 15% by weight and preferably 2 to 8% by weight.
- a low-molecular fluorescent dye is additionally added to the solution, its concentration is in the Polymer solution 0.05 to 2 wt .-% and preferably 0.1 to 1 wt .-%.
- Such low-molecular fluorescent dyes are, for example, perylene dyes such as Lumogen RED300 (manufacturer: BASF).
- These fluorescent dyes can either be added directly to the polymer solution or first dissolved in a solubilizer and then added to the polymer solution.
- the polymer solution which optionally contains fluorescent dyes, is applied to a corresponding transparent substrate on which there are likewise transparent electrodes or electrical contacts.
- ITO conductive electrodes
- RF sputtering special vapor deposition processes
- a light emission can be observed in accordance with the photoluminescence of the solution.
- the transmission of the entire arrangement results from the product of the transmission of the two ITO electrodes and the thin polymer solution and is greater than 80% (in the visible spectral range).
- a prerequisite for the functioning of the transparent electroluminescent arrangement is that the concentration of the polymer in the solution or the concentration of the fluorescent dyes is optimally adapted to the photoluminescent behavior with optical excitation. This is the case when the concentration of these components is adjusted as described above.
- the electrodes must be at a distance of a few nanometers to a few micrometers, preferably in the range between 50 nm to 3 ⁇ m.
- the transparent organic electroluminescent arrangements according to the invention then display electroluminescence depending on the type or polarity of the voltage applied.
- n 8 to 100 (preferably 8 to 50).
- a solution (toluene as a solvent) is prepared, in which there is 0.5% of a pyrene dye (Lumogen RED300), which is then in a 4% solution (toluene as a solvent) of the polymer 2 (phenyl-substituted poly (p-phenylene vinylene) ) is mixed in a ratio of 1: 5.
- a pyrene dye Liogen RED300
- This mixture (approx. 1 ml) is then applied to an ITO glass substrate. Then a second ITO glass substrate is positioned on the previously prepared sample so that the electrodes are at a distance of approximately 800 nm. The glass edges are sealed with a sealing material against drying out of the solution and against the diffusion of oxygen and water vapor into the device.
- this device When switched off, this device has a transmission of over 70%. After contacting the electrodes and applying a negative or positive voltage of approx. 20 V to the ITO electrodes, red electroluminescence (530 nm) can be observed.
- n 10 to 6000.
- this device When switched off, this device has a transmission of over 90%. After contacting the electrodes and applying a negative or positive voltage of approx. 13 V to the ITO electrodes, a blue electroluminescence (490 nm) can be observed.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00974424A EP1222698A1 (de) | 1999-10-21 | 2000-10-19 | Transparente organische elektrolumineszenzanordnungen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19950782.1 | 1999-10-21 | ||
DE19950782A DE19950782A1 (de) | 1999-10-21 | 1999-10-21 | Transparente organische Elektrolumineszenzanordnungen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001029908A1 WO2001029908A1 (de) | 2001-04-26 |
WO2001029908A9 true WO2001029908A9 (de) | 2001-10-11 |
Family
ID=7926448
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2000/010312 WO2001029908A1 (de) | 1999-10-21 | 2000-10-19 | Transparente organische elektrolumineszenzanordnungen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1222698A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19950782A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001029908A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100379015C (zh) * | 2003-08-13 | 2008-04-02 | 胜华科技股份有限公司 | 有机发光双面显示元件 |
CN1784101A (zh) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-07 | 西门子(中国)有限公司 | 双面显示有机电致发光装置 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3906283A (en) * | 1973-09-06 | 1975-09-16 | Bell Northern Research Ltd | Electrochemical luminescent solutions and devices incorporating such solutions |
JPS57194484A (en) * | 1981-05-27 | 1982-11-30 | Hitachi Ltd | Dispersive electric field light emitting element |
KR910001849B1 (ko) * | 1988-10-26 | 1991-03-28 | 삼성전관 주식회사 | El 소자 |
JPH0375686A (ja) * | 1989-08-17 | 1991-03-29 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
DE4343412A1 (de) * | 1993-12-18 | 1995-06-22 | Basf Ag | Elektrolumineszierende Anordnungen |
US5682043A (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1997-10-28 | Uniax Corporation | Electrochemical light-emitting devices |
WO1996037001A1 (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1996-11-21 | Uniax Corporation | Electrochemical light-emitting devices |
US5895717A (en) * | 1995-11-08 | 1999-04-20 | Uniax Corporation | Electrochemical light-emitting devices |
DE19809944A1 (de) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-10-01 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Elektrolumineszierende Flüssigkristallvorrichtung |
-
1999
- 1999-10-21 DE DE19950782A patent/DE19950782A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-10-19 EP EP00974424A patent/EP1222698A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-19 WO PCT/EP2000/010312 patent/WO2001029908A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2001029908A1 (de) | 2001-04-26 |
DE19950782A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 |
EP1222698A1 (de) | 2002-07-17 |
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