WO2001010543A1 - Pile de membranes planes et procede permettant de la produire - Google Patents

Pile de membranes planes et procede permettant de la produire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001010543A1
WO2001010543A1 PCT/DE2000/002142 DE0002142W WO0110543A1 WO 2001010543 A1 WO2001010543 A1 WO 2001010543A1 DE 0002142 W DE0002142 W DE 0002142W WO 0110543 A1 WO0110543 A1 WO 0110543A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flat
layers
spacers
flat membrane
layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2000/002142
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jörg ADLER
Reinhard Lenk
Hans-Jürgen Richter
Norbert Stroh
Stefan Tudyka
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Publication of WO2001010543A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001010543A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/06—Flat membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
    • B01D63/061—Manufacturing thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
    • B01D63/066—Tubular membrane modules with a porous block having membrane coated passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
    • B01D63/081—Manufacturing thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
    • B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/0215—Silicon carbide; Silicon nitride; Silicon oxycarbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/008—Bodies obtained by assembling separate elements having such a configuration that the final product is porous or by spirally winding one or more corrugated sheets
    • C04B38/0083—Bodies obtained by assembling separate elements having such a configuration that the final product is porous or by spirally winding one or more corrugated sheets from one or more corrugated sheets or sheets bearing protrusions by winding or stacking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
    • C04B2111/00801—Membranes; Diaphragms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of filter and separation technology and ceramics and relates to a flat membrane stack made of ceramic flat membranes for use in liquid filtration and gas separation and a method for its production.
  • Such flat membrane stacks made of ceramic flat membranes are preferably used in the form of modules (housings) which consist of one or more flat membrane stacks and are used, for example, for the separation of oil-water emulsions in the metal-cutting manufacturing industry or for the clarification of beer in the food industry.
  • Planar flat membranes are used in disc form with diameters of 9 or 15 cm or in rectangular form with dimensions up to 300 mm x 200 mm.
  • these ceramic flat membranes are housed in a module made of a chemically and thermally resistant material, almost exclusively made of stainless steel.
  • Such modules consist of the following components:
  • the ceramic flat membranes are located one above the other in the modules.
  • the fixation of the flat membranes varies and depends on the geometry of the flat membranes.
  • Disc-shaped flat membranes often have a three-layer structure ("cassettes"), in which the feed can enter the inner volume of the cassettes from all sides through the membrane.
  • the permeate is fed to the center of the cassettes, collected and there by a central in the
  • the collecting tube located in the middle of the cassettes is transported vertically upwards or downwards (DE 196 24 176 C2) .
  • Multiple of these cassettes are stacked one on top of the other and in each case in contact with one another by means of sealing rings (O-rings) pressure on the underside of the cassettes and thus on the sealing rings, which causes feed to penetrate into the gap between the central collecting tube and the top or bottom edge of the cassettes is avoided.
  • the feed hits the cassettes or the membrane frontally.
  • the cassette is only fixed in place by the collector tube.
  • the pressure applied from above or below must not exceed a certain value in order not to damage the three-layer structure of the cassette on the collecting tube.
  • Ceramic membranes are usually driven at high overflow speeds (at> 10 m / s). This also causes very high flow forces. It is obvious that the mechanical stability of the membranes is poor in this arrangement. Especially when the feed solution hits the areas on the outer edge of the carrier, the unfavorable leverage leads to a slight breakage of the cassettes in the center of the collecting tube.
  • Flat membranes in rectangular shape are accommodated in a housing in such a way that these flat membranes are connected to the housing on all four sides (US 5,554,282).
  • the flat membranes are manufactured as packages with feed and permeate channels.
  • Several of these packages form a unit, with stainless steel plates and seals between each side.
  • the stainless steel plates have retentate and permeate passages.
  • the units are clamped between a movable and a fixed bracket and can thus be sealed against each other.
  • the feed circulates tangentially from one side to the other of the package, the permeate is taken up inside and then directed to the permeate outlet.
  • Patent DE 43 29 473 C1 describes a pressure-stable inorganic flat membrane in which semicircular grooves are contained on the permeate side. The grooves absorb the pressure difference between the feed and permeate sides in the membrane and also serve as filtrate collection channels. Two such membranes advantageously form circular tubular channels. It is stated in this patent that "the membranes are stacked into a module”. This is referred to as "suitable seals at intervals of a few mm". Specific statements regarding the arrangement of suitable seals or spacers are not made. There is also no information on the geometry and structure of the seals or spacers. From this description and illustrations it can be seen that the flat membranes can only be operated in parallel flow mode. The previous technology for the production of ceramic flat membranes consists of the following steps:
  • the end areas of the flat membranes must be sealed. Then the flat membranes are installed in modules, whereby between flat membranes and modules Seals are integrated to prevent mixing of feed and permeate.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a flat membrane stack made of ceramic flat membranes, which has increased mechanical stability under favorable flow conditions and in which the realization of the strength-increasing measures can also be cost-effectively integrated into the production step of the flat membranes and / or the flat membrane stack.
  • the flat membrane stack according to the invention is constructed from ceramic flat membranes which have at least two layers of the same thickness, each of these layers again being composed of at least two partial layers. These two sub-layers may or may not differ from one another in terms of material composition and structure. In any case, they make a difference themselves with regard to their average pore size.
  • the coarsely porous partial layers are advantageously arranged in the direction of the permeate.
  • the mean pore size is to be understood as the size that relates to all mean dimensions (in particular diameter, radius, cross-sectional area, volume) of the pores and also their mean distribution.
  • differently porous means in particular a different porosity and / or a different mean pore size in the individual layers and / or partial layers.
  • the sublayers are advantageously connected to one another.
  • the layers are advantageously connected to one another.
  • the layers can have a planar or non-planar geometry.
  • a planar geometry is to be understood to mean that the surfaces of the layers are flat or essentially flat. All non-planar surfaces are therefore not flat or essentially not flat.
  • Spacers are arranged according to the invention between the individual flat membranes constructed in this way. These spacers can be part of the flat membranes, the spacers being very similar in terms of chemical composition and / or structure, or they are not part of the layers, where the spacers can have deviations in chemical composition and structure. Furthermore, the spacers between the flat membranes are arranged so that their longer side is parallel or almost parallel to the direction of the incoming feed.
  • the spacers can be arranged over the entire length and width of the flat membrane. It is also possible that the cross section of the spacers has any geometry. It is advantageously rectangular. Its geometry can also change continuously or discontinuously over the length of the spacers. Can also be between several Flat membranes, the geometry of the cross-section of the spacers can be different and they can be twisted along their length.
  • the spacers can also have one or more planar or one or more corrugated surfaces.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to produce the flat membrane stacks according to the invention from ceramic flat membranes.
  • At least two flat ceramic membranes are produced, which are made up of at least two layers, each of the two layers again consisting of at least two partial layers.
  • These partial layers are cast, for example, as a film, the first partial layer being cast as a film and being wholly or partially dried and then the second film made of the material for the second partial layer being poured and dried onto this film.
  • the two sub-layers of the two layers can have the same or different composition and / or structure. In any case, they have a different average pore size.
  • the partial layers and / or the layers can be produced in such a way that the spacers of the same or different cross-sectional geometry are integrated into the partial layers and / or layers already during the production of the partial layers and / or the layers.
  • a flat membrane and a flat membrane with spacers are then positioned one above the other, contacted, and the unit is solidified by, for example, sintering.
  • connection of the sub-layers and / or the layers with the spacers can also take place in such a way that the spacers are only made after the production of the sub-layers and / or layers, for example by inserting spacers with a negative contour into the non-planar side of a flat membrane with a positive contour.
  • the spacers can be in the unsintered state or in sintered state.
  • the spacers and the flat membranes are advantageously in the unsintered state.
  • the modular and stable construction of the flat membranes provided with spacers enables a simple construction of the flat membrane stack and a module from several flat membrane stacks. If a round geometry of the module is used, that is to say flat membranes of unequal length, the seal can be achieved, for example, by means of a ring-shaped outer ring, which in the simplest case is produced by the known technique of spinning.
  • Fig. 2 shows possibilities for the arrangement of spacers.
  • Fig. 3 shows spacers that can be inserted into corrugated flat membranes.
  • Fig. 4 shows a module from a flat membrane stack in a ring-shaped
  • 50 g of silicon carbide powder with an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m and 7.2 g of borosilicate glass powder are dispersed in 32 g of water in a solution of 6.5 g of polyvinyl alcohol, 6.5 g of polyethylene glycol and 0.1 g of sodium polycarbonate as a dispersant.
  • the dispersion takes place by moving evenly in a closed vessel on a wheelchair.
  • the suspension 1 is cast into a film on a film casting machine.
  • the pouring height above the flat base is 0.6 mm.
  • the suspension 2 is poured over this film with a casting height of 0.09 mm.
  • the layer / film consisting of two partial layers of partial films is removed from the base.
  • Layer 2 is produced analogously to the method for producing layer 1.
  • 100 x 100 mm 2 are cut from both squares.
  • the pieces of layer 2 are placed in a mold consisting of a frame 100 x 100 mm 2 and two press rams with a corrugated surface, and deformed by applying a pressure of 2 MPa.
  • the two layers, one embossed and one unembossed, are then connected to one another, the partial layers produced from the suspension 1 facing each other. This process has resulted in a flat membrane with channels that have an undulating cross section.
  • a square of dimensions 100 ⁇ 100 mm 2 is cut from a partial layer produced using the above method.
  • This square is placed in a mold consisting of a frame 100 x 100 mm 2 and two press rams with a corrugated surface, and deformed by applying a pressure of 2 MPa.
  • This corrugated (non-planar) partial layer is positioned on a film casting system and the suspension 1 is poured over this partial layer, so that the grooves of the corrugated partial layer fill with the suspension.
  • the doctor blade is 0.5 mm above the convex, protruding areas of the corrugated partial layer.
  • the partial layer which is flat on one side and corrugated on the other side, is cut with a cutting device perpendicular to the direction of the wave troughs or wave crests into bands of 3 mm width and the bands (spacers) at 950 ° C Air sintered.
  • Planar, non-corrugated spacers are produced by simply cutting a planar partial layer on a cutting device.
  • planar spacers on the flat membranes is such that the direction of the longer side of the spacers is almost entirely or completely perpendicular to the direction of the channels caused by the corrugated flat membrane.
  • the spacers are interrupted individually and come to rest on the convex locations of the channels of the flat membrane (FIGS. 1 and 2b).
  • planar spacers on the flat membranes is such that the direction of the longer side of the spacers is almost or completely perpendicular to the direction of the channels caused by the corrugated flat membrane.
  • the spacers are both continuous and interrupted and come to rest on the convex locations of the channels of the flat membrane (FIGS. 1 and 2a + b).
  • corrugated spacers on the flat membranes is such that the direction of the longer side of the spacers is almost or completely perpendicular to the direction of the channels caused by the corrugated flat membrane.
  • the spacers are positioned with their corrugated side and the convex locations in the concave areas of the flat membranes.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte au domaine de la technique de séparation et concerne une pile de membranes planes, à base de membranes céramiques planes, s'utilisant par exemple pour séparer des émulsions huile-eau, ainsi qu'un procédé permettant de produire ladite pile de membranes planes. L'invention vise par conséquent à mettre au point une pile de membranes planes à stabilité mécanique améliorée. A cet effet, il est prévu de réaliser une pile de membranes planes comprenant au moins deux membranes céramiques planes composées d'au moins deux couches de même épaisseur, des écarteurs étant disposés au moins entre les deux membranes planes. Il est également prévu un procédé permettant de produire des piles de membranes planes, selon lequel au moins une couche partielle est formée à partir d'une des suspensions, une seconde couche partielle étant formée à partir de l'autre suspension ou solution. Au moins une des couches partielles ou une des couches est formée avec des écarteurs, lesdites couches étant ensuite assemblées pour former des membranes planes, puis frittées, afin de former ensuite une pile de membranes planes. Une autre solution consiste à former des écarteurs et de les positionner sur les couches avant ou après le frittage et de regrouper ensuite lesdites couches en une pile.
PCT/DE2000/002142 1999-08-06 2000-06-23 Pile de membranes planes et procede permettant de la produire WO2001010543A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19938674.9 1999-08-06
DE19938674A DE19938674C2 (de) 1999-08-06 1999-08-06 Flachmembranstapel und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001010543A1 true WO2001010543A1 (fr) 2001-02-15

Family

ID=7918468

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2000/002142 WO2001010543A1 (fr) 1999-08-06 2000-06-23 Pile de membranes planes et procede permettant de la produire

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE19938674C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001010543A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10329229B3 (de) * 2003-06-28 2004-12-30 Fachhochschule Koblenz Flachmembranstapel und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10305866B4 (de) * 2003-02-13 2007-02-08 Itn Nanovation Gmbh Anorganische Schicht
DK178159B1 (en) * 2014-02-03 2015-07-06 Sani Membranes Aps Filter plate assembly
DE102017005212B4 (de) * 2017-05-31 2020-10-22 Mann+Hummel Gmbh Keramisches Filterelement, Filtermodul und Verwendung

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3830157A1 (de) * 1988-09-05 1989-01-05 Erich Lang Verfahrenstechnik Querstrom-filtermodul fuer die behandlung von fluessigkeiten und gasen
EP0574012A2 (fr) * 1992-06-10 1993-12-15 Shimadzu Corporation Construction d'un dispositif catalytique pour la purification d'un gaz d'échappement
GB2276836A (en) * 1993-04-08 1994-10-12 Hitachi Europ Ltd Semipermeable membrane
WO2000035561A1 (fr) * 1998-12-14 2000-06-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Membrane plate ceramique et son procede de production

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5104532A (en) * 1989-09-15 1992-04-14 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Flat stack permeator
DE4329473C1 (de) * 1993-09-01 1994-08-18 Chmiel Horst Druckstabile anorganische Membranen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3830157A1 (de) * 1988-09-05 1989-01-05 Erich Lang Verfahrenstechnik Querstrom-filtermodul fuer die behandlung von fluessigkeiten und gasen
EP0574012A2 (fr) * 1992-06-10 1993-12-15 Shimadzu Corporation Construction d'un dispositif catalytique pour la purification d'un gaz d'échappement
GB2276836A (en) * 1993-04-08 1994-10-12 Hitachi Europ Ltd Semipermeable membrane
WO2000035561A1 (fr) * 1998-12-14 2000-06-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Membrane plate ceramique et son procede de production

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10329229B3 (de) * 2003-06-28 2004-12-30 Fachhochschule Koblenz Flachmembranstapel und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19938674A1 (de) 2001-02-15
DE19938674C2 (de) 2001-10-31

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